Academic literature on the topic 'Assembly Path determination'
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Journal articles on the topic "Assembly Path determination"
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Romanska-Zapala, Anna, Mark Bomberg, and David W. Yarbrough. "Buildings with environmental quality management: Part 4: A path to the future NZEB." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 1 (August 2018): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259118790756.
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The previous part of this article starts 100 years ago, at the time of the humble beginnings of building science, and brings us to the current stage of the net zero energy buildings (NZEB). We see how, over the years, knowledge from the observed failures of buildings has accumulated to become the basis for current building science. The strong interactions between energy efficiency, moisture management, and indoor environment and the need for their simultaneous analysis led to the concept of environmental assessment. More than 40 years of experience with passive houses (the first 10 were built in Canada in 1977) in process that would collect those developments into the mainstream of NZEB technology permits extrapolation to the future. As the first priority, we see a need for a fundamental change in the approach to NZEB—instead of improving the separate pieces of the puzzle before assembling them, we need first to establish the conceptual design of the whole system. Only after determination of the basic requirements for each subsystem and each assembly may materials that would fulfill the specific requirements of this assembly be selected. In this design process, the actual climate and socio-economic conditions (including construction cost) vary, so we must deal with a set of design principles rather than a description of a specific construction technology. A guiding set of considerations is presented below to establish a system of environmental quality management (EQM).
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Bandara, K. M. T. S., Kazuhito Sakai, Tamotsu Nakandakari, and Kozue Yuge. "A Low-Cost NDIR-Based N2O Gas Detection Device for Agricultural Soils: Assembly, Calibration Model Validation, and Laboratory Testing." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041189.
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This research presents a low-cost, easy-to-assemble nondispersive infrared (NDIR) device for monitoring N2O gas concentration in agricultural soils during field and laboratory experiments. The study aimed to develop a cost-effective instrument with a simple optic structure suitable for detecting a wide range of soil N2O gas concentrations with a submerged silicone diffusion cell. A commercially available, 59 cm path-length gas cell, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based infrared emitter, pyroelectric detector, two anti-reflective (AR) coated optical windows, and one convex lens were assembled into a simple instrument with secure preciseness and responsivity. Control of the IR emitter and data recording processes was achieved through a microcontroller unit (MCU). Tests on humidity tolerance and the saturation rate of the diffusion cell were carried out to test the instrument function with the soil atmosphere. The developed calibration model was validated by repeatability tests and accuracy tests. The soil N2O gas concentration was monitored at the laboratory level by a specific experimental setup. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the repeatability tests was more than 0.9995 with a 1–2000 ppm measurability range and no impact of air humidity on the device output. The new device achieved continuous measuring of soil N2O gas through a submerged diffusion cell.
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Zhou, Haimiao, Lina Suo, Ya-Pei Peng, Fan Yang, Shijie Ren, Nan-Kuang Chen, Xinhe Lu, B. M. A. Rahman, and K. T. V. Grattan. "Micro-Tapered Fiber Few-Mode Interferometers Incorporated by Molecule Self-Assembly Fiber Grating for Temperature Sensing Applications." Photonics 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020096.
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We demonstrate fiber few-mode interferometers based on a self-assembly surface corrugated grating using charged nano-particles. Initially, an abrupt taper (AT) was first created using a micro flame. The AT was then further outwardly stretched to make an elongated uniformed taper until the tapered diameter achieved a micron scale. The high order core modes (HOCMs) were excited at the AT and the optical path difference (OPD) among the modes was enlarged through the uniformed taper to achieve the few-mode interference effects seen. However, to significantly enhance the interference effects with higher extinction ratios (ER) over such a short length of interferometer, an external assisted grating was made using charged nanoparticles to form surface corrugated grating with a period, Λ, of approximately 14 μm. This intermediate period of the fiber grating was helpful in scattering and attenuating some unwanted high-order modes to change the optical characteristics of the few-mode interferometer (FMI). This FMI with a self-assembly fiber grating (SAFG) was further used to make fiber temperature sensors, with a maximum resonant wavelength shift of 4.6 nm, over a temperature range from 20–60 °C. The temperature sensitivity achieved was 112.6 pm/°C and the coefficient of determination, R2, was as high as 0.99, which revealed the high linearity of the results.
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Shi, Chenguang, Rui Zhang, Yong Yu, and Xiaodong Lin. "On-Orbit Geometric Distortion Correction on Star Images through 2D Legendre Neural Network." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122814.
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The star tracker is a prerequisite device to realize high-precision attitude determination for a spacecraft. However, due to the errors in optical lens machining, optical path assembly, and temperature alternation, optical instruments suffer from some amount of optical geometric distortion, resulting in declining star tracker accuracy. The on-orbit distortion correction of star images is indispensable for precise performance. In this paper, a novel single-layer 2D Legendre neural network (2DLNN) to automatically correct the geometric distortion of the star tracker is proposed. An offline training method grounded on batch star images and an online training algorithm based on sequential star images are designed, respectively. The 2DLNN realizes the ground-based and on-orbit online correction of optical geometric distortion for the star tracker. The 2DLNN features self-learning, lifelong learning, and good adaptability. The single-layer neural network is simple, quick convergence, which is suitable for on-orbit implementation. The simulations demonstrate that the average distortion error can be reduced to less than 0.04 px after ground-based training. In the earth-orientation mode of the LEO satellite, the on-orbit sequential training algorithm can converge in 2500 star images under 1 frame/s. The proposed 2DLNN can achieve high-precision correction at the sub-pixel level, effectively improving the star tracker’s attitude determination accuracy.
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Петухова, Наталья, and Natalya Petukhova. "The Legal Nature of Purposes and Principles of Federal Parliamentary Control." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 7 (July 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20144.
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The aim of this Article is to analyze purposes and principles of federal parliamentary control, its comprehensive interrelation and regulatory impact on public relations. In this Article the author considers problems associated with the achievement of purposes and implementation of principles for the control activity in the modern era of development of popular representation in Russia. Essentially, solution to such problems lies in eliminating the formalist approach to the principle of separation of powers and limits of parliamentary control. The author comes to the conclusion that determination of purposes and principles, preparation of the list of parliamentary control forms is just the beginning of a long evolution path. Conceptual improvement of the content of forms of parliamentary control will become possible only under the comprehensive revision of the order of formation and organization of the activity of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Development of parliamentary control in the Russian Federation requires a set of legislative solutions, based on constitutionally relevant purposes and principles, which will ensure real democracy of the popular representation in the Russian Federation, necessary for the formation of a law-bound state.
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Ul Hassan, Noor, Murat Kilic, Emin Okumus, Bahadir Tunaboylu, and Ali Murat Soydan. "Experimental determination of optimal clamping torque for AB-PEM Fuel cell." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.198.
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<span lang="EN-GB">Polymer electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is an electrochemical device producing electricity by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen without combustion. PEM fuel cell stack is provided with an appropriate clamping torque to prevent leakage of reactant gases and to minimize the contact resistance between gas diffusion media (GDL) and bipolar plates. GDL porous structure and gas permeability is directly affected by the compaction pressure which, consequently, drastically change the fuel cell performance. Various efforts were made to determine the optimal compaction pressure and pressure distributions through simulations and experimentation. Lower compaction pressure results in increase of contact resistance and also chances of leakage. On the other hand, higher compaction pressure decreases the contact resistance but also narrows down the diffusion path for mass transfer from gas channels to the catalyst layers, consequently, lowering cell performance. The optimal cell performance is related to the gasket thickness and compression pressure on GDL. Every stack has a unique assembly pressure due to differences in fuel cell components material and stack design. Therefore, there is still need to determine the optimal torque value for getting the optimal cell performance. This study has been carried out in continuation of development of Air breathing PEM fuel cell for small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) application. Compaction pressure at minimum contact resistance was determined and clamping torque value was calculated accordingly. Single cell performance tests were performed at five different clamping torque values i.e 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 N m, for achieving optimal cell performance. Clamping pressure distribution tests were also performed at these torque values to verify uniform pressure distribution at optimal torque value. Experimental and theoretical results were compared for making inferences about optimal cell performance. A clamping torque value of 1.5 N m was determined experimentally to be the best for getting optimal performance as well as uniform pressure distribution for this specific fuel cell.</span>
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Djumadin, Zainul. "Political Conflict between the DKI Jakarta Governor and DPRD in the 2015 APBD Determination Process." International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies 2, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/bjahs.2022.2.1.1.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the political conflict between the DKI Jakarta Governor and the Regional People's Representative Assembly (DPRD) in the 2015 APBD Determination Process. The design method used is a qualitative case study. The research was carried out in DKI Jakarta in 2015. Primary data were obtained from various documents related to implementing the Healthy Jakarta program held by the DKI Jakarta governor and deputy governor in 2013 through interviews about the object under study. The research object is the Political Conflict between the DKI Jakarta Governor and DPRD in the 2015 Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) Determination Process. Observation, interviews, and documentation carried out data collection techniques. The data analysis process began by examining all available data from various sources such as interviews, observations that have been written in field notes, documents, pictures, photos, Etc. After reading, studying, and reviewing, the next step was reducing the data by doing abstractions (making the core summary, processes, and statements that need to be provided) arranged in units. Then, the units were categorized while coding. The results showed that divided local government occurring in DKI Jakarta is the leading cause of conflict between the DKI Jakarta Governor and DPRD. It shows that the divided local government triggers prolonged conflicts between the Governor and DPRD. The impact of political conflict between the DKI Jakarta Governor and DPRD has disrupted the government path in DKI Jakarta Province. It started from the delay in discussing and determining the 2015 Draft of Revenue and Expenditure Budget (RAPBD), the planned transportation megaproject, specifically the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) development project, and budget absorption in the 2014 DKI Jakarta APBD are getting lower.
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Basu, Saptarshi, Hang Xu, Michael W. Renfro, and Baki M. Cetegen. "In Situ Optical Diagnostics for Measurements of Water Vapor Partial Pressure in a PEM Fuel Cell." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (July 21, 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2133799.
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A fiber optic coupled diode laser sensor has been constructed for in situ measurements of water vapor partial pressure in active proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems. The bipolar plate of a prototypical PEM fuel cell was modified to allow for transmission of a near infrared laser beam through the flow channels on either the fuel or oxidizer side of its membrane-electrode assembly. The laser wavelength was scanned over several water rotational and vibrational transitions and the light absorption was detected by measuring the transmitted laser power through the device. The intensity and line shape of the measured transition was used to extract path-averaged values for the water vapor partial pressure. Measurements were initially taken in a non-operating cell with known temperature and humidity input gas streams to calibrate and test the optical device. A technique for rapid determination of the water partial pressure was developed. The optical technique is applicable over a significant temperature and humidity operating range of a PEM fuel cell. The measurement technique was applied to an operating PEM fuel cell system to examine the effects of incoming gas humidity and load on the water vapor partial pressure variation in one of the flow channels.
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Kholshev, N. V., D. N. Konovalov, and Yu E. Glazkov. "EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE AIR FLOW VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN FRONT OF THE RADIATOR OF A CAR COOLING SYSTEM." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 3 (2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-81.
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The growth of environmental and economic requirements for the performance properties of internal combustion engines makes it necessary to constantly improve them. One of the ways to improve the design of engines is to improve the performance of its cooling system, which determines the stability of its thermal regime, on which the engine life and performance indicators directly depend. To increase the efficiency of the cooling system, you can increase the speed of the air flow flowing through the radiator and created by the fan. Flow velocity can be increased by reducing the aerodynamic drag in the air path of the engine cooling system. To do this, you need to know the actual distribution of air flow velocities in front of the radiator at its various points. The purpose of this work was to experimentally determine the air flow rates in front of the radiator at its various points at different values of the supply voltage. In accordance with the developed research methodology, a laboratory installation was developed that allows you to place the radiator assembly with the fan unit and determine the speed of the air flow in front of it with reference to its specific points, measure the speed of rotation of the fan blades and the power consumed by its engine. As a result of experimental studies, approximating response surfaces were constructed that describe the distribution of air flow velocities in front of the radiator at different values of the supply voltage, and the influence of the supply voltage values on the change in the amount of power consumed by the fan motor was established. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that a slight decrease in voltage does not reduce the blowing area, but somewhat reduces the air flow rate, which can negatively affect the cooling of the engine itself by the air flow coming out of the fan. The scientific novelty of this work is the experimentally obtained distributions of the values of the air flow velocity in front of the radiator and the research methodology. The research results can be used to improve the efficiency of the fan installation of the engine cooling system. The direction of further research is to study the influence of the resistances at the outlet of the radiator fan casing on the distribution pattern and the air flow velocity.
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Song, Guang Lin, Yun Jun Luo, Jin Qing Li, Zhan Bin Li, and Hong Tan. "Determination of Titanium Oxychloride in Refined Titanium Tetrachloride by Infrared Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.475.
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Determination of TiOCl2 in refined TiCl4 was significant for analysis of its impurities. TiOCl2 could be determined by infrared spectroscopy due to its infrared characteristic spectrum line. However, normal infrared absorption cell was not fit for the sample analysis, because TiCl4 easily reacted with moisture in the air and immediately was hydrolyzed to form highly corrosive hydrochloric acid smoke. The infrared absorption cell with the window film of ZnSe ( Ф10×1mm, wavenumbers: 7800cm-1~440cm-1) and the glass cell (optical path: 22mm, 12mm, 7mm and 4mm) was assembled and utilized in determination of the TiOCl2 in refined TiCl4 by standard addition method. The detection limit of TiOCl2 was 26.5mg•kg-1, the regression equation was Y=1.0118X, R2=0.9926; With standard addition method, the regression equation of TiOCl2 was Y=1.9400X, R2=0.9940,This infrared absorption device was safe, simple and convenient, easily removable and washable, and re-useable. This method could meet the requirement of determination of TiOCl2 in refined TiCl4.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Assembly Path determination"
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Sathua, Chandra Sekhar. "Multi-linear Disassembly Path Determination: A Geometric Approach." Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5859.
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This thesis presents a geometric approach for determining the orientation-preserving disassembly paths of polyhedral
assembly components. Exact disassembly path determination of the components is essential because the reversal of the disassembly paths provides the paths for the components to assemble into a functional product. Single straight-line paths for disassembly algorithms are available in the literature. Multilinear disassembly requires the determination of the exact Minkowski sum. Minkowski sum approaches, which are related to configuration space, have been used in path planning in both robotics and assembly. But they fail when the assembly components have mating boundaries. This limitation arises due to the failure to capture the contact spaces between the mating boundaries in the Minkowski sum. We have used non-regularized Boolean to capture these contact spaces in the form of lower-dimensional features, which are usually eliminated in regularized Boolean. These lower-dimensional features are characterized into different path elements, which provide the local motion space for a component to move in configuration space. The composition of these path elements models the disassembly paths. To accomplish this board goal, a few sub-problems have been solved. The Minkowski sum of a pair of arbitrary solids requires both Boolean and convex decomposition, which is then used to determine the disassembly paths for a component of an assembly. To achieve the broad objective of the thesis, the following contributions are made:
(a) An algorithm has been developed for Boolean of a large number of polyhedral solids. It is based on cell classification
without a priori point classification using Slice representation. Contact spaces are accurately captured as lower dimensional features, which is the requirement of the present problem, making it a non-regularized Boolean.
Although the method obviates the need for complete boundary evaluation, it can provide exact point classification,
which is as accurate as B-rep and as fast as voxel representation of solids.
(b) The slice representation not only enables easy multi-Boolean. It also enables a “core and crust" model to partition
a tessellated solid with an arbitrary topology into a set of disjoint convex pieces. The core comprises a set of
prismatic solids of identical square sections contained in the solid and represents an approximate convex
decomposition (ACD). The crust comprises a set of convex solids of arbitrary form and supplements the (ACD)
to make it exact. It is fast and robust to handle defective solids such as solids with missing patches and self intersections. It also provides a unique capability of selective convex decomposition of any specific domain of
interest.
(c) Efficient and exact union of the hundreds of pairwise Minkowski sums of the combination of the convex
components is enabled through the slice representation without the loss of the essential lower-dimensional
features. A graph of the available motion space in individual grid-cells in the slice representation is then analysed
to construct all the paths with heterogeneous degrees of freedom. i.e. each disassembly path is multilinear,
multiway and multi-dimensional.
(d) The method developed for disassembling two components is shown to be general enough for analysis of assemblies
with an arbitrary number of components where each target sub-assembly and its complement are treated as the
two components.
Conference papers on the topic "Assembly Path determination"
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Azemard, Nadine, Michel Aline, and Daniel Auvergne. "Delay-bound determination for path constraint satisfaction." In International Symposium on Microelectronics and Assembly, edited by Bernard Courtois, Serge N. Demidenko, and Lee Y. Lau. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.405403.
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Bryan, A., S. J. Hu, and Y. Koren. "Methodology for Solving the Assembly System Reconfiguration Planning Problem." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50089.
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The need to cost effectively introduce new generations of product families within ever decreasing time frames have led manufacturers to seek product development strategies with a multigenerational outlook. Co-evolution of product families and assembly systems is a methodology that leads to the simultaneous design of several generations of product families and reconfigurable assembly systems that optimize life cycle costs. Two strategies that are necessary for the implementation of the co-evolution of product families and assembly systems methodology are: (1) The concurrent design of product families and assembly systems and (2) Assembly system reconfiguration planning (ASRP). ASRP is used for the determination of the assembly system reconfiguration plans that minimize the cost of producing several generations of product families. More specifically, the objective of ASRP is to minimize the net present cost of producing successive generations of products. This paper introduces a method for finding optimum solutions to the ASRP problem. The solution methodology involves the generation of a staged network of assembly system plans for all the generations that the product family is expected to be produced. Each stage in the network represents a generation that the product family is produced, while each state within a stage represents a potential assembly system configuration. A novel algorithm for generating the states (i.e. assembly system configurations) within each generation is also introduced. A dynamic program is used to find the cost minimizing path through the network. An example is used to demonstrate the implementation of the ASRP methodology.
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Garci´a-Masia´, Carlos. "Determination of the Polynomial Transmission Function: Application to the Transmission of Gears." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49466.
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The simulation of the operating conditions of transmission gear is strongly influenced by the inevitable presence of various types of errors and/or tolerances, manufacturing processes and assembly, in the kinematic simulation. As a result, the path of contact moves from the theoretical position and appear transmission errors, increasing overload dynamics and the level of noise and vibration. The presence of errors produced that the position angle of the gear with respect to pinion differs from the theoretical transmission ratio, in general there is a delay in the gear, which generates: 1) loss of the conjugate action and transmission error, which causes jumps in the angular velocity, which indicates the presence of shocks, with a high level of noise and vibration, and 2) loss of contact linear transforms into contact point. The shift in the trajectory of the contact can lead to the contact edge, which increases substantially, the levels of tension reducing load capacity, [1]. The method of analysis of tooth contact (TCA) is included in the kinematic simulation, and allows investigating the displacement of the contact and the slope of the function of transmission errors, considering the gears as rigid bodies or under light loads. To solve the above problems, Krenzer and Litvin have proposed programs TCA in what pre-design a parabolic function square transmission errors to get continuity in the transmission. This paper presents the model and analysis of a pre-designed polynomial function of transmission errors (parabolic function of order n) with the aim of ensuring that the function of movement meets the basic law of the design of gears, for transmissions with high speeds of operation, which should be designed with the following restrictions: the transmission must be continued through the first and second derivative of displacement, and the function of the derivative of acceleration (jerk) must be finite, throughout the interval.
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Schurb, Julius, Matthias Hoebel, Hartmut Haehnle, Harald Kissel, Laura Bogdanic, and Thomas Etter. "Additive Manufacturing of Hot Gas Path Parts and Engine Validation in a Heavy Duty GT." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57262.
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Additive manufacturing and in particular Selective Laser Melting (SLM) are manufacturing technologies that can become a game changer for the production of future high performance hot gas path parts. SLM radically changes the design process giving unprecedented freedom of design and enabling a step change in part performance. Benefits are manifold, such as reduced cooling air consumption through more efficient cooling schemes, reduced emissions through better mixing in the combustion process and reduced cost through integrated part design. GE is already making use of SLM for its gas turbine components based on sound experience for new part production and reconditioning. The paper focuses on: a) Generic advantages of rapid manufacturing and design considerations for hot gas path parts b) Qualification of processes and additive manufacturing of engine ready parts c) SLM material considerations and properties validation d) Installation and validation in a heavy duty GT Additive Manufacturing (AM) of hot gas path components differs significantly from known process chains. All elements of this novel manufacturing route had to be established and validated. This starts with the selection of the powder alloy used for the SLM production and the determination of essential static and cyclic material properties. SLM specific design features and built-in functionality allow to simplify part assembly and to shortcut manufacturing steps. In addition, the post-SLM machining steps for engine ready parts will be described. As SLM is a novel manufacturing route, complementary quality tools are required to ensure part integrity. Powerful nondestructive methods, like 3D scanning and X-ray computer tomography have been used for that purpose. GE’s engine validation of SLM made parts in a heavy duty GT was done with selected hot gas path components in a rainbow arrangement including turbine blades with SLM tip caps. Although SLM has major differences to conventional manufacturing the various challenges from design to engine ready parts have been successfully mastered. This has been confirmed after the completion of the test campaign in 2015. All disassembled SLM components were found in excellent condition. Subsequent assessments of the SLM parts including metallurgical investigations have confirmed the good part condition.
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Taygur, Mehmet Mert, and Thomas F. Eibert. "Determination of Exact Ray Paths by Bidirectional Ray-Tracing." In 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursigass49373.2020.9232042.
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Gessner, Andrzej, Roman Staniek, and Jakub Michałek. "Application of Optical Scanning and Photogrammetry for Evaluation of Geometrical Tolerance Values." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62543.
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The hereby presented research, funded by the restricted grant LIDER, NCBiR, deals, in part, with the identification of the full implementation potential of the proposed optical measurement techniques in determination of surface flatness parameters, and their comparative assessment. The test methods included the photogrammetric measurement technique (TRITOP, GOM) and the structural light scanning approach (scanner ATOS, GOM), while the CMM measurement (DEA Global Image Clima) was the reference method. The accordingly designed and assembled experimental test stand comprised 2 steel plates. The test surfaces of the plates were appropriately ground; subsequently, the entire test stand was blackened to ascertain efficient optical scanning. Furthermore, the plates were connected by means of 8 screws, thus introducing considerable distortion. A measurement area of 140 × 240 mm was defined on the plate test surface, as determined by CMM, denoting 15 measurement paths of 240 mm in length, distributed every 10 mm, and characterized by measurement point densities of 1, 5, and 20 pt/mm. The reference CMM measurements were conducted on 3 consecutive days at different times (22 measurements in total) to exclude any possible surface modifications. Subsequently, optical scanning was applied and the measurement points lying at the cross-sections of the CMM measurement paths were isolated from the obtained polygon mesh. To further apply the photogrammetric method, the test surface was labeled with markers distributed every 10 mm and coinciding with the CMM measurement paths. Comparative analysis of the flatness parameter for the selected CMM measurement and the measurement values obtained by means of the tested optical methods included: - the entire measurement area, - the sections comprising 80, 60, 50, 45, 40, 30, 20, 15, and 10 % of the entire measurement area, decreasing centrically, - the measurement sub-areas of 30 × 50 mm allotted in the corners and in the center of the test plate. The photogrammetric error of the tested parameter was established at 1.26–19.82 %, depending on the size of the measurement area. The corresponding error value, as determined by the structural light scanning technique, amounted to 0.03–4.31 %.