Academic literature on the topic 'Assault and battery – great britain'
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Journal articles on the topic "Assault and battery – great britain"
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Brown, Callum G. "Did urbanization secularize Britain?" Urban History 15 (May 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800013882.
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There are few issues in British history about which so much unsubstantiated assertion has been written as the adverse impact of industrial urbanization upon popular religiosity. Urban history undergraduates are plied each year with the well-worn secularizing interpretation of urban growth which emanated with the Victorians (mostly churchmen) and which has since been reassembled by modern investigators in forms suitable for digestion in ecclesiastical history, social history (Marxist and non-Marxist), historical sociology, and historical geography. This ‘pessimist’ school of thought has reigned virtually unchallenged since the nineteenth century, giving rise in its endless repetition to simplistic historiographical myths. Arguably, systematic inquiry has suffered because modern urban society has been regarded as inimical to religion.An important start to disentangling the web of confusion has already been made by Jeff Cox in his admirable but underrated The English Churches in a Secular Society, a study of Lambeth between 1870 and 1930. 'In the first and final chapters of that book, Cox commenced the assault on the ‘pessimist’ school, pointing out in necessarily blunt language the illogicality and empirical weakness in the arguments of many historians and sociologists of religion. That book should have a reserved space on every reading list dealing with this issue. The present article attempts to expand on what might be called the ‘optimist’ school of thought concerning the impact of urbanization upon religion: that the churches survived urbanization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While Cox adduced from his research on the 1870–930 period that the great decline of the churches had not occurred before then, the following pages shift the focus to a reassessment of of the evidence on the preceding 100 years.
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GOTTLIEB, JULIE. "Body Fascism in Britain: Building the Blackshirt in the Inter-War Period." Contemporary European History 20, no. 2 (April 8, 2011): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000026.
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AbstractIn recent years scholars have devoted a great deal of attention and theorisation to the body in history, looking both at bodies as metaphors and as sites of intervention. These studies have tended to focus on the analysis of bodies in a national context, acting for and acted upon by the state, and similarly the ever-expanding study of masculinity continues to try to define hegemonic masculinities. But what if we direct our gaze to marginal bodies, in this case Blackshirt bodies who act against the state, and a political movement that commits assault on the body politic? This article examines the centrality of the body and distinctive gender codes in the self-representation, the performance and practice, and the culture of Britain's failed fascist movement during the 1930s. The term ‘body fascism’ has taken on different and much diluted meaning in the present day, but in the British Union of Fascists’ construction of the Blackshirted body, in the movement's emphasis on the embodiment of their political religion through sport, physical fitness and public display of offensive and defensive violence, and in their distinctive and racialised bodily aesthetic illustrated in their visual and graphic art production we come to understand Britain's fascist movement as a product of modernity and as one potent expression of the convergence between populist politics and body fixation.
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Gailani, Ahmed, Maher Al-Greer, Michael Short, and Tracey Crosbie. "Degradation Cost Analysis of Li-Ion Batteries in the Capacity Market with Different Degradation Models." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010090.
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Increased deployment of intermittent renewable energy plants raises concerns about energy security and energy affordability. Capacity markets (CMs) have been implemented to provide investment stability to generators and secure energy generation by reducing the number of shortage hours. The research presented in this paper contributes to answering the question of whether batteries can provide cost effective back up services for one year in this market. The analysis uses an equivalent circuit lithium ion battery model coupled with two degradation models (empirical and semi-empirical) to account for capacity fade during battery lifetime. Depending on the battery’s output power, four de-rating factors of 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h are considered to study which de-rating strategy can result in best economic profit. Two scenarios for the number of shortage hours per year in the CM are predicted based on the energy demand data of Great Britain and recent research. Results show that the estimated battery profit is maximum with 2 h and 1 h de-rating factors and minimum with 4 h and 0.5 h. Depending on the battery degradation model used, battery degradation cost can considerably impact the potential profit if the battery’s temperature is not controlled with adequate thermal management system. The empirical and semi-empirical models predict that the degradation cost is minimum at 5 °C and 25 °C respectively. Moreover, both models predict degradation is minimum at lower battery charge levels. While the battery’s capacity fade can be minimized to make some profits from the CM service, the increased shortage hours can make providing this service not economically viable.
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Cantillo-Luna, Sergio, Ricardo Moreno-Chuquen, Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt, and Harold R. Chamorro. "A Type-2 Fuzzy Controller to Enable the EFR Service from a Battery Energy Storage System." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 2389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072389.
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The increased use of distributed energy resources, especially electrical energy storage systems (EESS), has led to greater flexibility and complexity in power grids, which has led to new challenges in the operation of these systems, with particular emphasis on frequency regulation. To this end, the transmission system operator in Great Britain has designed a control scheme known as Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR) that is especially attractive for its implementation in EESS. This paper proposes a Type-2 fuzzy control system that enables the provision of EFR service from a battery energy storage system in order to improve the state-of-charge (SoC) management while providing EFR service from operating scenarios during working and off-duty days. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with a conventional FLC and PID controllers with similar features. The results showed that in all scenarios, but especially under large frequency deviations, the proposed controller presents a better SoC management in comparison without neglecting the EFR service provision.
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Fisher, A. O., S. A. Oludemi, and W. T. Ojo. "Decolonisation: African Political thought." International Journal of Teaching, Learning and Education 2, no. 2 (2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijtle.2.2.4.
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African political thought is fundamentally rooted in African heritage and culture. It is a frontal assault against the imperial powers of Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and the Union of South Africa, which denied the diverse African peoples of their right to self-government. Thus, the political concepts of African leaders at various times and places were intended to be last attacks against the denial of the basic human rights of the people. At the period, political thinking centred on two major threats to African states and the continent: colonialism and racism. In African Political Thought, the notion of Decolonization is best investigated and analysed in the context of its processes. Any attention that was paid to the African past highlighted the savage character of intergroup interactions. As colonial education was influenced by the need to explain the ills of colonialism, African history was filled with European discoveries of Africa. In order to rectify this anomaly, the concepts of Pan-Africanism and Negritude were developed within an African setting. These concepts aided in reinforcing the significance of African heritage despite the European invasion. This research seeks to investigate the origins of African political philosophy and the decolonization process in certain African locations. The major source of data collecting is secondary sources.
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Azizipanah-Abarghooee, Rasoul, Mostafa Malekpour, Mazaher Karimi, and Vladimir Terzija. "Integration of wind and solar energies with battery energy storage systems into 36-zone Great Britain power system for frequency regulation studies." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 156 (February 2024): 109737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109737.
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Ahmouda, Abdulkarim, and Daniel T. Gladwin. "Enhanced Dynamic Control Strategy for Stacked Dynamic Regulation Frequency Response Services in Battery Energy Storage Systems." Energies 16, no. 23 (November 21, 2023): 7686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237686.
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Energy storage systems are undergoing a transformative role in the electrical grid, driven by the introduction of innovative frequency response services by system operators to unlock their full potential. However, the limited energy storage capacity of these systems necessitates the development of sophisticated energy management strategies. This paper investigates the newly introduced frequency response service, Dynamic Regulation, within the Great Britain electrical grid. Our study not only establishes control parameters but also demonstrates a novel approach to energy management that pushes the boundaries of the allowable service envelope. We present two distinctive control methods, the first serving as a reference for standard response, and the second as a dynamic control approach, exploiting the extremities of the allowable service envelope. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis that considers availability, the number of equivalent full cycles, and cost–revenue analysis based on grouped dynamic control state of charge setpoints is carried out. Our results underscore that the optimization of average availability takes precedence over merely minimizing the number of cycles, which leads us to define a target state of charge range of between 40% and 45% for a 1-h battery to achieve an availability >95%. Furthermore, our study presents simulated results utilizing real-world frequency data, which reveal the transformative potential of the latter control method. By enhancing the availability of battery energy storage systems, this innovative approach promises not only higher revenues for the asset owner but also assists the system operator in managing frequency.
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Nordström, Henrik, Lennart Söder, Damian Flynn, Julia Matevosyan, Juha Kiviluoma, Hannele Holttinen, Til Kristian Vrana, et al. "Strategies for Continuous Balancing in Future Power Systems with High Wind and Solar Shares." Energies 16, no. 14 (July 8, 2023): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145249.
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The use of wind power has grown strongly in recent years and is expected to continue to increase in the coming decades. Solar power is also expected to increase significantly. In a power system, a continuous balance is maintained between total production and demand. This balancing is currently mainly managed with conventional power plants, but with larger amounts of wind and solar power, other sources will also be needed. Interesting possibilities include continuous control of wind and solar power, battery storage, electric vehicles, hydrogen production, and other demand resources with flexibility potential. The aim of this article is to describe and compare the different challenges and future possibilities in six systems concerning how to keep a continuous balance in the future with significantly larger amounts of variable renewable power production. A realistic understanding of how these systems plan to handle continuous balancing is central to effectively develop a carbon-dioxide-free electricity system of the future. The systems included in the overview are the Nordic synchronous area, the island of Ireland, the Iberian Peninsula, Texas (ERCOT), the central European system, and Great Britain.
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Crozier, Constance, Christopher Quarton, Noramalina Mansor, Dario Pagnano, and Ian Llewellyn. "Modelling of the Ability of a Mixed Renewable Generation Electricity System with Storage to Meet Consumer Demand." Electricity 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity3010002.
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In this paper, we explore how effectively renewable generation can be used to meet a country’s electricity demands. We consider a range of different generation mixes and capacities, as well as the use of energy storage. First, we introduce a new open-source model that uses hourly wind speed and solar irradiance data to estimate the output of a renewable electricity generator at a specific location. Then, we construct a case study of the Great Britain (GB) electricity system as an example using historic hourly demand and weather data. Three specific sources of renewable generation are considered: offshore wind, onshore wind, and solar PV. Li-ion batteries are considered as the form of electricity storage. We demonstrate that the ability of a renewables-based electricity system to meet expected demand profiles can be increased by optimising the ratio of onshore wind, offshore wind and solar PV. Additionally, we show how including Li-ion battery storage can reduce overall generation needs, therefore lowering system costs. For the GB system, we explore how the residual load that would need to be met with other forms of flexibility, such as dispatchable generation sources or demand-side response, varies for different ratios of renewable generation and storage.
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Burke, James. "The New Model Army and the problems of siege warfare, 1648–51." Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 105 (May 1990): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400010282.
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The destruction of the Royalist field armies at Naseby and Langport in 1645 did not end the English Civil War. Althought the king had suffered irreversible military defeats, Parliament was unable to govern effectively while politically important towns and fortresses remained in enemy hands. To ensure political stability Parliament’s army was forced to besiege and reduce a large number of strongholds in England, Ireland and Scotland, a task that was not finally completed until the surrender of Galway in 1652. In particular the war in Ireland was to test the army’s siege-making capacity more severely than any previous campaign. To complete the political conquest of Britain and Ireland the army and its generals were compelled increasingly to practise an aspect of warfare that had been traditionally neglected by English soldiers. In contrast, siege warfare was an area in which their continental counterparts had excelled.In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, European wars produced few set-piece battles. Conflicts were more frequently resolved by the assault and defence of fortified cities and towns. Consequently the art of siege warfare evolved rapidly. England’s political and military insularity during this period detached the country from advances in siege technology that had transformed the conduct of European warfare. No major siege had been undertaken by an English army since Henry VIII had invested Boulogne in 1544, and as there had been no siege of English towns or fortresses since medieval times, there had been little innovation in defensive fortifications. What improvements did occur were sporadic and unco-ordinated. In the sixteenth century a great fortress was built at Berwick-on-Tweed to counter Scottish infiltration and a number of coastal towns in the south-east were refortified against the threat of Spanish invasion. However, by the outbreak of civil war in 1642, even these were obsolete by contemporary continental standards.
Books on the topic "Assault and battery – great britain"
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McLagan, Graeme. Guns and gangs: Inside Black gun crime. London: Allison & Busby, 2005.
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Great Britain. Working Group on Violence to Road Passenger Transport Staff. Assaults on bus staff and measures to prevent such assaults: Report on the Working Group on Violence to Road Passenger Transport Staff under the chairmanship of the Department of Transport, April 1986. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.
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Great Britain. Working Group on Violence to Road Passenger Transport Staff. Assaults on bus staff and measures to prevent such assaults: (a summary of the findings and recommendations of the 1986 report of the Working Group under the chairmanship of the Department of Transport). London: HMSO, 1986.
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Bondeson, Jan. The London monster: A sanguinary tale. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
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Davies, Barry. Assault on LH181. Rochester: 22 Books, 1995.
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Urquhart, R. E. Arnhem: Britain's infamous airborne assault of WWII. Los Angeles: Royal Pub. Co., 1995.
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Counterterrorism in West Africa: The most dangerous SAS assault. New York: Rosen Pub., 2011.
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Geddes, John. Spearhead assault: Blood, guts and glory on the Falklands frontline. London: Century, 2007.
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Copp, J. T. 1st Canadian Radar Battery, 1944-45. Waterloo, Ont: LCMSDS Press of Wilfrid Laurier University, 2010.
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16 Air Assault Brigade: The history of Britain's rapid reaction force. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Assault and battery – great britain"
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Loveless, Janet, Mischa Allen, and Caroline Derry. "10. Non-fatal offences against the person." In Complete Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198803270.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the provisions of criminal law for non-fatal offences against the person in Great Britain, which include assault, battery, malicious wounding, grievous bodily harm, and racially and religiously aggravated assaults. It examines the distinction between these major offences against the person and discusses the actus reus and mens rea elements of them. The chapter evaluates the use of the consent and lawful chastisement in legal defence, analyses the relevant provisions of the Harassment Act 1997 and reviews some recent reform proposals. It also provides examples of related cases and comments on the bases of court decisions on each of them.
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Loveless, Janet, Mischa Allen, and Caroline Derry. "10. Non-fatal offences against the person." In Complete Criminal Law, 452–514. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198848462.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the provisions of criminal law for non-fatal offences against the person in Great Britain, which include assault, battery, malicious wounding, grievous bodily harm, and racially and religiously aggravated assaults. It examines the distinction between these major offences against the person and discusses the actus reus and mens rea elements of them. The chapter evaluates the use of the consent and lawful chastisement in legal defence, analyses the relevant provisions of the Harassment Act 1997 and the new offence of coercive control, and reviews some recent reform proposals. It also provides examples of related cases and comments on the bases of court decisions on each of them.
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Loveless, Janet, Mischa Allen, and Caroline Derry. "11. Sexual offences." In Complete Criminal Law, 515–55. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198848462.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the types of sexual offence in Great Britain contained in the Sexual Offences Act 2003. These include rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault, and causing sexual activity without consent. The chapter discusses the key elements of these offences, analyses the social context of rape, and investigates the reasons behind the low conviction rates for rape cases. It explains the principle of the rape theory and the actus reus and mens rea elements of sexual offences, considers marital rape, and also provides examples of several relevant cases and analyses the bases of court decisions in each of them.
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Loveless, Janet, Mischa Allen, and Caroline Derry. "11. Sexual offences." In Complete Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198803270.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the types of sexual offence in Great Britain contained in the Sexual Offences Act 2003. These include rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault, and causing sexual activity without consent. The chapter discusses the key elements of these offences, analyses the social context of rape, and investigates the reasons behind the low conviction rates for rape cases. It explains the principle of the rape theory and the actus reus and mens rea elements of sexual offences, considers marital rape, and also provides examples of several relevant cases and analyses the bases of court decisions in each of them.
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Herring, Jonathan. "5. Non-fatal offences against the person." In Criminal Law Concentrate, 49–67. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198854982.003.0005.
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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter examines the five principal non-fatal offences against the person: assault and battery (the common assaults) and the offences under ss 47, 20, and 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (OAPA). The victim’s consent may negate the offence, but whether or not it does depends to a great extent on the type of crime, what the victim knows, the extent of the harm which is caused, and matters of public policy. Stalking and harassment may amount to a crime in certain circumstances. Four of the principal assaults are aggravated if the crime committed is motivated by religious or racial hatred.
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Herring, Jonathan. "5. Non-fatal offences against the person." In Criminal Law Concentrate, 49–67. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192865649.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter examines the five principal non-fatal offences against the person: assault and battery (the common assaults) and the offences under ss 47, 20, and 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (OAPA). The victim’s consent may negate the offence, but whether or not it does depends to a great extent on the type of crime, what the victim knows, the extent of the harm which is caused, and matters of public policy. Stalking and harassment may amount to a crime in certain circumstances. Four of the principal assaults are aggravated if the crime committed is motivated by religious or racial hatred.
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Lounsberry, Barbara. "Encircled by War." In Virginia Woolf, the War Without, the War Within, 302–23. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056937.003.0010.
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Territorial trespass and attack intensify in the years covered in Virginia Woolf's two final diary books: the 109-entry of her 1940 diary and the 10-entry of her 1941 diary. In April of 1940, Germany invades Norway and Denmark. In May, the neutral states of Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg fall. In June, Hitler's storm troopers parade up Paris's Champs-Élysées. Only England now remains. On July 19, Hitler asks England to surrender. In August, he orders a total blockade of Great Britain and begins a night-time bombing assault—the London Blitz. To counter, Woolf aims for a weightier diary in 1940, poignantly an evening diary for “Old Virginia.” As these last two diaries movingly show, Virginia Woolf fights on both in her public works and in her diary. Surrounded now and cut off, she holds on until she can fight no more, dying from suicide in March of 1941.
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Harding, Dennis. "Function 1: Defence." In Iron Age Hillforts in Britain and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695249.003.0011.
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For much of the past two hundred years, a basic assumption has been that hillforts had a primarily defensive function. That they served also as settlements or for community gatherings, perhaps even for ritual or ceremonial activities such as seasonal festivals or inaugurations of kings, has been variously inferred, but it was not until relatively recently that the purpose of community defence within the framework of a hierarchical society was so fundamentally challenged. The reasons, however, were often based upon individual site circumstances, from which generalization hardly seems justified. At the Chesters, Drem in East Lothian (Figure 5.2a), for example, it was argued (Bowden and McOmish 1987) that the hillfort's defensive capability was compromised by being overlooked from the south by higher ground, from which missiles might have been projected into the enclosure. Tactically this seems odd, since the fort's multiple lines of enclosure, especially at its northwest- and east-facing entrances, makes it on plan one of the more complex multivallate hillforts in Britain. Whether these had realistic defensive capability or were intended primarily for display and status remains open to debate. Whilst it is certainly true in individual cases that hillforts were not sited topographically with tactical advantage as a paramount consideration, or that a regional class like the hill-slope forts of the south-west were apparently at a disadvantage from higher ground, or that the area enclosed by some hillforts was so great as to make their defence logistically impractical, equally we could cite hillforts where the enclosing earthworks by any standard would have been a very formidable barrier to assault. Every generation reads its archaeology in the conceptual context of its own time, and it is hardly surprising that a generation brought up with two world wars should have interpreted hillforts in terms of ‘invasions’. Wheeler's (1953: 12) description of Bindon Hill, Dorset, as a ‘beach-head’ could hardly have been conceived by anyone other than the brigadier who had fought through North Africa and the Salerno landing in Italy. Nevertheless it is hard to avoid the conclusion that the current challenge to the defensive role of hillforts stems not so much from individually anomalous sites as from a more general objection to the concept of conflict in prehistory, and is one facet of what has been noted earlier as the ‘pacification of the past’ (Keeley 1996: 23).
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Davis, Paul K. "Normandy 6June 1944." In 100 Decisive Battles, 402–6. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143669.003.0093.
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Abstract Since the autumn of 1940, when Hitler postponed and ultimately abandoned the invasion of Great Britain, Allied forces had been looking forward to the day when they could take the war to the Germans on the Continent. With the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 and the Nazi declaration of war on the United States in December 1941, those two powers had been working with Britain on the planned assault on Europe. When Prime Minister Winston Churchill met with President Franklin Roosevelt in August 1941 at the Atlantic Conference, they had decided that, if or when the United States got involved in the war and if or when the Japanese got involved, the primary adversary was to be Hitler. U.S. Army Chief of Staff George Marshall proposed a landing in Europe in 1943, but Churchill wanted to postpone that until stronger forces could be amassed. As an alternative, the Americans landed in Morocco and Algeria in November 1942 and drove eastward toward the British, who began driving the German Afrika Korps backward from Egypt at about the same time. By May 1943, all German and Italian forces in North Africa were captured or forced out. This led to subsequent invasions of Sicily in June and Italy in September.
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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "Our Planet." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0011.
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Mahatma Gandhi supposedly once said: “It took Britain half the resources of the planet to achieve its prosperity. How many planets will a country like India require?” Translated to the world order of today, his question would be: “What if China would aspire to the standards of living of the United States?” Our planet is certainly flexible. A quarter of its surface has been plowed up, and its atmosphere, soil, and water have been fundamentally altered in many places. Humanity now extracts more nitrogen from the air than nature does, and we use more water than all the rivers put together. It’s a miracle that Earth’s systems have been able to withstand these interventions as effectively as they have. Many parts of the world are cleaner than they were a century ago. Pollutants like sulphur, nitrogen, and small particles are now routinely filtered from exhaust pipes and chimneys. We’ve mastered the problems of acidification and smog. But those were the easy tasks. The fact that we dealt with bad things in the past is no guarantee of a rosy future. Interference in our environment is too great for that. Humanity continues its assault on the planet. The toughest problems remain unsolved. The truth is that we are already consuming more than one Earth can support. Just as a company can spend more than it earns by selling its assets, we are eating into Earth’s capital, which was accumulated during thousands of years. In a report published by a group of leading scientists, it was concluded that we already have transgressed safe planetary boundaries in many respects. We already have surpassed the carrying capacity of Earth’s climate with a factor of 1.5, we are at a tenfold rate of bearable biodiversity loss, we extract four times more nitrogen from natural cycles than can be considered sustainable, and we are at the tolerable thresholds of the phosphorus cycle, ocean acidification, and stratospheric ozone depletion. Human civilization is out of kilter with the natural environment. We are using considerably more than one Earth. Many subsystems of Earth react in a nonlinear, often abrupt, way.