Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Asphyxia in the air'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Asphyxia in the air.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Asphyxia in the air.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Yudkin, Patricia L. N. "Consequences of birth asphyxia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d1bc3e23-8a51-4c7b-a0cd-e76f7b5aaa89.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate the relationship between birth asphyxia and neurological impairment a cohort of 184 infants with a low (≤3) one-minute Apgar score was studied. All were singletons, apparently normally formed, and born at term (≥37 weeks' gestation) in the John Radcliffe Hospital, between January 1984 and September 1985. The 181 cohort survivors were traced at the age of five years; 159 were assessed by a paediatrician on a battery of neurodevelopmental tests, and information about a further eight was obtained from other sources. Three infants in the cohort died neonatally with a diagnosis of birth asphyxia, and three had spastic quadriplegia, profound developmental delay and visual impairment. Examination of the perinatal histories of these six children, including their fetal heart rate patterns in labour and acid-base status at delivery, found convincing evidence of birth asphyxia. Only one other child in the cohort exhibited similar signs of birth asphyxia; he was unimpaired at the age of five. To assess the impact of birth asphyxia on the overall rate of cerebral palsy, all cases of cerebral palsy born to Oxford residents in the study period were identified. Of 30 cases of cerebral palsy, the three identified in the follow-up study were the only ones whose impairment could be attributed to birth asphyxia in a full-term birth. Birth asphyxia therefore accounted for 10% of all cases of cerebral palsy, a fraction that agrees with previous estimates. The frequency of cerebral palsy due to birth asphyxia was estimated as 1 in 3800 full-term livebirths. A detailed analysis of the test scores of the 159 children assessed by the paediatrician failed to show any association between their acid-base values at delivery and test scores, or between their fetal heart rate patterns in labour and test scores. These results conform with the view that birth asphyxia has an "all or nothing" effect, and that it presents as a cluster of abnormal neonatal signs, including persistent cerebral depression, severe acidaemia, neonatal encephalopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction.
2
Power, David John Donovan. "Asphyxia neonatorum in a developing world situation : a study of the impact of asphyxia neonatorum in term infants on the pattern of handicap in the Ciskei; an evalution of its epidemiology and a trial of the efficacy of current therapy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27190.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the problem of asphyxia neonatorum in a developing African community in the Mdantsane region of Ciskei. It also documents asphyxia as a prominent cause of childhood handicap, examines aspects of its epidemiology and evaluates the effectiveness of a regimen of phenobarbitone and dexamethasone in limiting subsequent neurological deficit in asphyxiated neonates. Analysis of neonatal deaths at Cecilia Makiwane Hospital over an 18-month period showed that asphyxia accounted for one third of all neonatal deaths. In particular, asphyxia caused two thirds of deaths in infants over 2 Kg birth weight. From a hospital register of handicapped children, 211 had cerebral palsy. Asphyxia was the cause of cerebral palsy in 33% of these children. Spastic quadriplegia, the type of cerebral palsy most often resulting from the cerebral damage associated with asphyxial hypoxic-ischaemic insults, was by far the largest diagnostic category (57%). Asphyxia therefore appears to be the single largest cause of significant handicap in Ciskei. In view of the underdeveloped support services to parents in most developing areas, the problem of asphyxia is of considerable importance. In the study of the epidemiology of asphyxia, details of pregnancy and labour were obtained for 163 asphyxiated term infants and 2758 non- asphyxiated term infants whose mothers had delivered in the hospital. The factors positively associated with asphyxia were: low gravidity and parity, failure to book for antenatal care, the occurrence of antenatal disorders, the occurrence of fetal distress, a prolonged first stage of labour and delivery by caesarean section or vacuum extraction. Maternal age and the actual number of antenatal visits were not associated with asphyxia. The causes of asphyxia assigned by the specialist obstetrician in charge were cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) (39%), utero-placental pathologies (22%), other (8%), and "unknown" where he could find no abnormality in pregnancy and labour (27%). From these findings it appears that the steps that need to be taken for prevention include: active recruitment of patients to book for antenatal care, more active detection and management of cephalopelvic disproportion and basic research to elucidate the causes of the "unknown" group whom it is speculated have undetected utero-placental pathology.
3
Haan, Harmen Hendrik de. "Fetal asphyxia a study in preterm lambs /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6746.
Full text
4
Лобода, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, and Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda. "Forecasting of kidney damage in neonates with asphyxia." Thesis, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72507.
Full textAbstract:
Більшість показників акушерського анамнезу показали високу прогностичну інформативність (3.0≥І(хі)≥1.0) і можуть відігравати роль факторів ризику пошкодження нирок у новонароджених із асфіксією. Три ознаки мали високий рівень: дистрес плода (І(хі)=2.19), загроза переривання вагітності (І(хі)=1.77) і обвиття пуповини навколо шиї (І(хі)=1.75). Помірне прогностичне значення характерне для інфекцій сечовидільного тракту у матері під час вагітності (1,0>І(хі)≥0,50). Серед неонатальних показників найвищий інформативний рівень продемонстровано для респіраторного дистрес-синдрому (I(хі)=6.71). Висока інформативність була пов'язана з низькою оцінкою за шкалою Апгар на 1-ій (І(хі)=4,36) і 5-й хвилинах (І(хі)=3,62), з чоловічою статтю (І(хі)=1,82), периферійними набряками (I(хі)=1.55) та набряком мозку (I(хі)=1.10). Пошкодження нирок також пов'язане з: низьким рН крові <7,25 (I(хі)=3.00), зниженим парціальним тиском кисню в крові <50 мм рт.ст. (I(хі)=7.06), сироватковим рівнем нейрон-специфічної
енолази> 56,2 нг/мл (I(хі)=8,17), цистатином С сироватки> 2600 нг/мл (I(хі)=8,63), сечовим IL-18> 25 пг/мл
(I(хі)=1,76), сироватковим IL-6> 35 пг/мл (I(хі)=4,13), сироватковим TNFα> 8,5 пг/мл (I(хі)=7,21), сироватковим IL-10> 10 пг/мл (I(хі)=7,25), сироватковою гамма-глутаміл транспептидазою (GGT)> 120 нмоль/л (I(хі)=4,08) сечовим рівнем ГГТ>47 нмоль/(сек*л) (I(хі)=2,20), а також сироватковим К>4,5 ммоль/л (I(хі)=2,68), сечовим Ca> 0,8 ммоль/л (I(хі)=5.69), сироватковим Pb> 0.200 ммоль/л (I(хі)=7.08).Большинство показателей акушерского анамнеза показали высокую прогностическую информативность (3.0≥І(хі)≥1.0) и могут играть роль факторов риска повреждения почек у новорожденных с асфиксией. Три признака имели высокий уровень: дистресс плода (І(хі)=2.19), угроза прерывания беременности (І(хі)=1.77) и обвитие пуповины вокруг шеи (І (хі)=1,75). Умеренная прогностическая значимость (1,0<І(хі)≥0,50) была характерна для инфекций мочеиспускательного тракта у матери во время беременности. Среди неонатальных показателей респираторный дистресс продемонстрировал самый высокий уровень информативности (I(хі)=6,71). Высокая информативность ассоциировалась с низким уровнем оценки по Апгар на 1-й (I(хі)=4,36) и 5-й минуте (I(хі)=3,62), с мужским полом (I(хі)=1,82), периферическими отеками (I(хі)=1,55) или отеком мозга (I(хі)=1,10). Поражение почек также связано с: низким рН крови <7,25 (I(хі)=3,00), сниженным парциальным давлением кислорода в крови <50 мм рт. ст. (I(хі)=7,06), уровнем сывороточной нейрон-специфической энолазы> 56,2 нг/мл (I(хі)=8,17), цистатином С сыворотки > 2600 нг/мл (I(хі)=8,63), IL-18 в моче> 25 пг/мл (I(хі)=1,76), сывороточным IL-6> 35 пг/мл (I(хі)=4,13), сывороточным TNFα> 8,5 пг/мл (I(хі)=7,21), сывороточным IL-10>10 пг/мл (I(хі)=7,25), сывороточной гамма-глутамилтранспептидазой (ГГТ)> 120 нмоль/л (I(хі)=4,08), ГГТ в моче> 47 нмоль/(сек*л) (I(хі)=2,20), а также сывороточным К> 4,5 ммоль/л (I(хі)=2,68), Ca в моче> 0,8 ммоль/л (I(хі)=5,69), Pb в сыворотке> 0,200 ммоль/л (I(хі) = 7,08).
Most indicators of obstetric anamnesis showed a high predictive informativeness (3.0≥І(хі)≥1.0) and may play role as risk factors of kidney damage in newborns with asphyxia. The three signs had the high level: the fetal distress (І(хі)=2.19), the threat of abortion (І(хі)= 1.77) and entanglement an umbilical cord around the neck (І(хі)= 1.75). Moderate predictive significance (1,0> І(хі) ≥0,50) was typical for urinary tract infections in the mother during pregnancy. Among the neonatal indicators, respiratory distress demonstrated the highest informative level (I(хі)= 6.71). High informativeness was associated with a low Apgar score on the 1st (I(хі)= 4.36) and the 5th minute (I(хі)= 3.62), with male gender (I(хі)= 1.82), peripheral (I(хі)= 1.55) or brain edema (I(хі)= 1.10). Kidney damage is also associated with: low blood pH <7.25 (I(хі)= 3.00), reduced partial pressure of oxygen in blood <50 mm Hg (I(хі)= 7.06), serum neuron- specific enolase >56.2 ng/ml (I(хі)= 8.17), serum cystatin C>2600 ng/ml (I(хі)= 8.63), urinary IL-18 >25 pg/ml (I(хі)= 1.76), serum IL-6>35 pg/ml (I(хі)= 4.13), serum TNFα>8.5 pg/ml (I(хі)= 7.21), serum IL-10>10 pg/ml (I(хі)= 7.25), serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)>120 nm/l (I(хі)= 4.08) urinary GGT> 47 nmol/(sec*l) (I(хі)= 2.20), as well as serum K>4.5 mmol/l (I(хі)= 2.68), urinary Ca> 0.8 mmol/l (I(хі)= 5.69), serum Pb>0.200 mmol/l (I(хі)= 7.08).
This study was performed with financial support from the Sumy State University.
5
Nguyen, Quyen. "Quantitative diffusion weighted imaging : techniques and applications to perinatal asphyxia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1382401/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the results of a study to investigate early cerebral changes in a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia using quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and subsequent work to develop a robust DWI technique to enable similar studies to be performed in neonates. 31Phophorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative diffusion and T2 imaging of the cerebrum were performed in a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia. A significant decline in the ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate concentrations ([PCr]/[Pi]) was observed during the 48 hours following the transient hypoxicischaemic (H-I) insult. The global directionally averaged apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCav) also declined significantly during the same period and a strong correlation between the [PCr]/[Pi] and ADCav was found. Strong regional and temporal variations in the cerebral response were observed following the H-I insult. In the basal ganglia and parasagittal cortex, significant decline in ADCs was seen approximately 8 hours after the H-I insult. In the thalamus, internal capsule, periventricular white matter and medial cortex, significant ADCs decline was not observed until 32 hours following the H-I insult. A significant T2 increase was observed in the internal capsule but not in the other regions of interest. To enable clinical DWI to be performed in neonates a novel `reacquisition' technique that overcomes the problem of motion artefact in DWI is presented. The reacquisition technique involves the automatic detection and reacquisition of motion-corrupted data in real-time. Computer simulations were used to demonstrate that motion-corrupted data may be detected accurately and reacquired in a time efficient manner. The reacquisition technique was implemented on a Bruker AVANCE scanner in combination with a spinecho 2DFT DWI sequence and an interleaved EPI DWI sequence. The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated with both a computer-controlled motion phantom and neonates from an ongoing study of perinatal asphyxia.
6
Ellis, Matthew Edward. "The public health importance of birth asphyxia in Kathmandu, Nepal." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341882.
Full text
7
Chandrasekaran, M. "Cerebral magnetic resonance spectroscopy biomarkers and outcome in perinatal asphyxia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1387843/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Neonatal encephalopathy is a common clinical condition affecting 2-3 per 1,000 neonates in the developed world. 10-15% of cases will die in the neonatal period. Therapeutic hypothermia has become the standard of care in the developed world for infants with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy only recently, after 2 decades of experimental and clinical studies. Approximately half the infants who receive therapeutic hypothermia still have an abnormal outcome. Research is now being focused on pre-clinical and Phase II clinical studies of drugs, which act synergistically or additively with therapeutic hypothermia. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques provide translational biomarkers, which may be used to speed up the development of safe and effective neuroprotective interventions. The precise relation between MRS and brain histology is unknown and it is unclear whether cooling itself alters the prognostic efficacy of MRS. Aim: (i) To explore the relation between MRS biomarkers and the degree of brain pathology observed in our pre-clinical piglet model of perinatal asphyxia; (ii) To assess the predictive value of MRS biomarkers in infants with neonatal encephalopathy Methods: In our piglet study, data from 2 large piglet asphyxia studies investigating neuroprotective agents were analysed. 1. The first was a study of Xenon-augmented hypothermia. Following transient hypoxia-ischemia, 36 piglets were randomised into 4 groups (each n=9), with intervention from 2-26 h: Group (i) normothermia (38.5oC); Group (ii) normothermia (38.5oC) + 24 h 50% inhaled xenon; Group (iii) 24 h therapeutic hypothermia (rectal temperature (Trectal) 33.5oC) or Group (iv) 24 h 50% inhaled xenon +24 h therapeutic hypothermia (Trectal 33.5oC). 2. The second was a study investigating Amiloride as a neuroprotective agent. Following transient hypoxia-ischemia, 18 male piglets (<24 h of age) were randomized to 2 groups (each n=9) (1) normothermia; or (2) 2.5mg/kg of methyl isobutyl amiloride (MIA) at 10 minutes after resuscitation and 8 hourly thereafter. Both studies were performed on a Bruker 4.7 Tesla MR system. Following resuscitation after hypoxia-ischemia, proton (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectra were acquired with repetition time (TR) 5 sec, 128 summed transients, and echo times (TE) 25 ms, 144 ms, and 288 ms. (we measured the following peak area ratios: Lactate/N acetyl aspartate (Lac/NAA) and Lactate/Creatine (Lac/Cr) in both white matter and thalamus). Phosphorus (31P) MR spectra were acquired from whole brain using single-pulse acquire with TR 10 s (we measured inorganic phosphate (Pi)/exchangeable phosphate pool (EPP = Pi + PCr + (2γ +β)-NTP), NTP/EPP). Immunohistochemistry was performed on brain sections for activated Caspase 3, TUNEL positive cells and Iba I (activated microglia) to quantify cell death and microglial activation. For the clinical study, we assessed 45 infants (median gestational age – 40 weeks) with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy admitted over a 3 year period to the neonatal unit at UCH. Their neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 18 months. Results: (i) Experimental Study - Early Biomarkers Early biomarkers (acquired between 2 and 4 hours after hypoxia-ischemia) in particular thalamic Lac/NAA, predicted the 1H MRS area under the curve values from 0-48h and quantitative immunohistochemistry at 48 hours. Late Biomarkers: WM Lac/Cr at 40-48h after HI demonstrated the highest positive correlation with Tunel positive cell death (R20.98, p = 0.01) and NTP/EPP with microglial ramification (R20.68, p = 0.006); this correlation was present in both treated and untreated piglets. (ii) In the clinical study, deep gray matter Lac/NAA was the most accurate predictor of long term adverse neurological outcome following NE; importantly the predictive accuracy of Lac/NAA was unaltered by preceding therapeutic hypothermia. Conclusions: (i) Early thalamic Lac/NAA predicted the subsequent trajectory of energy disruption; this has importance in understanding the relevance of very early MRS studies in babies. White matter lactate/Cr at 40-48h correlated best with quantitative immunohistochemistry (especially TUNEL positive cells) and this relationship was present with and without preceding therapeutic intervention. (ii) In babies with neonatal encephalopathy, the predictive accuracy of Lac/NAA was unaltered by therapeutic hypothermia.
8
Cardona, Rocha Federico. "Study of heart rate variability as a marker of asphyxia/hypoxia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9570.
Full textAbstract:
The onset of labour represents the starting point of a perilous challenge in life, as a new born must adapt to an unknown environment. During this adaptation there are several risks: hypoxia, asphyxia, trauma, intervention and, in worst case scenario, death. These risks can be reduced trough electronic fetal monitoring. During this delicate period the study and analysis of the variability in beat-to-beat intervals of fetal heart rate plays a fundamental role in the pursuit of fetal wellbeing, reduction of fetal morbidity and mortality. Given that the use of an animal model allows direct experimental manipulation of the subjects and their environment and considering the ethical issues and difficulties to acquire data related to asphyxia during labour and delivery, linear techniques (time domain and frequency domain) and non-linear techniques (detrended fluctuation analysis, complexity analysis and Poincarè indices and plots) have been initially implemented for the study of heart rate variability (HRV) using data from the animal model. Data was acquired from experiments in which rats were submitted to controlled episodes of asphyxia (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 min). Linear and non-linear methods highlighted significant differences in HRV before, during and after the insult. We show how, through a multiparametric analysis, it is possible to detect the onset of asphyxia. Furthermore, tracking the changes in heart rate variability along time, we suggest a novel non-invasive way to assess the amount of injury suffered. With this background we applied HRV analysis to data collected during labour and delivery. We have obtained fetal beat-to-beat heart intervals from non-invasive Doppler ultrasound using Wavelet transform, Hilbert-Huang transform and Autocorrelation function, and these were compared with beat to beat heart intervals extracted from invasive scalp fetal ECG used as a gold standard. For the autocorrelation approach the results of HRV obtained from Doppler ultrasound, using both linear and non-linear analysis, correlate very well with those obtained using fetal scalp ECG. We also modelled and measured the recovery time (from nadir to baseline) following a deceleration of fetal heart rate to study the recovery behaviour and its relation with the development of hypoxic scenarios. The results presented here provide a framework to detect and assess asphyxia by means of linear and non-linear techniques. These techniques have been tested first in an animal model and later in data collected during labour and delivery, showing that Doppler ultrasound provides a reliable alternative for assessing fetal heart rate variations non-invasively during pregnancy and delivery, when fetal scalp ECG is not available. Nevertheless more data needs to be collected and studied using the multiparametric HRV analysis described here to fully validate this approach.
9
Koliubakina, L. V., О. V. Vlasova, O. K. Кoloskova, and Т. Y. Мatsei. "Clinical and Diagnostic aspects of developing post-asphyxia syndrome in newborn." Thesis, XVI International Congress of Medical Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria11-14 MAY 20I7, Вook of abstracts/, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12972.
Full text
10
Hoque, Nicholas Nadir. "Selective head cooling for perinatal asphyxia: effects on physiology and brain injury." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654564.
Full textAbstract:
Perinatal asphyxia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Despite improvements in obstetric and neonatal care there has been little improvement in rates of death and disability. Therapeutic hypothermia has recently been shown to be the only effective treatment following perinatal asphyxia. Selective Head Cooling (SHe) and Whole Body Cooling (WBe) are methods of applying therapeutic hypothermia. Yet the optimum method of cooling for maximum neuroprotection and minimum adverse effects remains unclear. We retrospectively compared four methods of cooling newborns following perinatal asphyxia. One method of SHC and three methods of WBC, using water-filled gloves, a coolant- filled mattress, and a water- filled body wrap. All methods maintained rectal t emperature within narrow target range. We found that WBC using a servo- controlled system minimised initial over-cooling and reduced subsequent fluctuation in rectal t emperature compared with manually-controlled WBC or SHe. We found similar variation in rectal temperature, heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure using SHC and manually controlled WBe. We developed a technique of applying SHC with minimal systemic hypothermia as a t reatment for perinatal asphyxia in our established experimental model. We conducted a study to assess the neuroprotective and physiological effects of our technique compared to standard care under normothermic conditions. We did not find any difference in brain injury between treatment groups but increased mortality in the hypothermia group. We have.previously used a neuropathology score in our established model of perinatal asphyxia in order to assess treatment effects. Our neuropathology score incorporates subjective assessments of area injure'd and morphological cellular changes in several brain regions. We conducted quantitative cell counting to assess brain injury following perinatal asphyxia. Cell count correlated with neuropathology score in the putamen and hippocampus CA1 and we were able to validate our neuropathology score to assess outcome.
11
Rowsell, Timothy Dominic. "Real-time analysis of fetal phonography signals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308245.
Full text
12
Skillern, Laurence Howard. "Evaluation of the fetal electrocardiogram in the detection of myocardial ischaemia in preterm infants." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243594.
Full text
13
Löfhede, Johan. "The EEG of the neonatal brain : classification of background activity." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3533.
Full textAbstract:
The brain requires a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients, and even a short period of reduced oxygen supply can cause severe and lifelong consequences for the affected individual. The unborn baby is fairly robust, but there are of course limits also for these individuals. The mostsensitive and most important organ is the brain. When the brain is deprivedof oxygen, a process can start that ultimately may lead to the death of braincells and irreparable brain damage. This process has two phases; one more orless immediate and one delayed. There is a window of time of up to 24 hourswhere action can be taken to prevent the delayed secondary damage. One recently clinically available technique is to reduce the metabolism and thereby stop the secondary damage in the brain by cooling the baby.It is important to be able to quickly diagnose hypoxic injuries and to followthe development of the processes in the brain. For this, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is an important tool. The EEG is a voltage signal that originates within the brain and that can be recorded easily andnon-invasively at bedside. The signals are, however, highly complex and require special competence to interpret, a competence that typically is not available at the intensive care unit, and particularly not continuously day and night. This thesis addresses the problem of automatic classification ofneonatal EEG and proposes methods that would be possible to use in bedside monitoring equipment for neonatal intensive care units.The thesis is a compilation of six papers. The first four deal with the segmentation of pathological signals (burst suppression) from post-asphyctic full term newborn babies. These studies investigate the use of various classification techniques, using both supervised and unsupervised learning.In paper V the scope is widened to include both classification of pathologicalactivity versus activity found in healthy babies as well as application of thesegmentation methods on the parts of the EEG signal that are found to be of the pathological type. The use of genetic algorithms for feature selection isalso investigated. In paper VI the segmentation methods are applied onsignals from pre-term babies to investigate the impact of a certain medication on the brain.The results of this thesis demonstrate ways to improve the monitoring of the brain during intensive care of newborn babies. Hopefully it will someday be implemented in monitoring equipment and help to prevent permanent brain damage in post asphyctic babies.
14
Loidl, César Fabián. "Asphyxia during birth biochemical and morphological study in basal ganglia : implication of hypothermia /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6771.
Full text
15
Лобода, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda, and M. Tutuola. "Cystatin C - A novel marker of kinder injury in the newborns with asphyxia." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32303.
Full textAbstract:
In clinical practice, kidney injury is detected when serum creatinine concentrations increase over a short period of time, with or without oliguria. To assess renal function in neonates is used determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after creatinine. But creatinine concentration is not a decisive marker. Changes in serum creatinine may be influenced by other factors, which are not directly related to kidney damage, such as age, sex, body mass and nutritional status.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32303
16
Лобода, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda, and V. Tabansi. "Interleukin-18 as a marker of acute kidney injury in asphyxia of neonates." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36224.
Full textAbstract:
Asphyxia remains a common problem in the neonatal nursery and is a significant cause of morbidity and death in the term and preterm neonate. The incidence of asphyxia is estimated to be between 1 and 10 per 1000 live births and is influenced by the local availability of medical resources. Asphyxia can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and a redistribution of cardiac output to maintain cerebral, cardiac, and adrenal perfusion while potentially compromising renal, gastrointestinal, and skin perfusion.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36224
17
Okoyo, D., and A. O. Obong. "Crystallographic investigation of urine in mature newborns with renal disturbance due to asphyxia." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60778.
Full textAbstract:
The most common pathology in neonatal period is transient renal, which under adverse conditions can lead to the development of acute renal failure. Diagnosis of renal neonatal asphyxia is difficult because of the lack of specific clinical symptoms and lack of informativeness of traditional survey methods.
18
Adebisi, J., and I. Anagwaonye. "Crystallographic investigation of urine in preterm newborns with renal disturbance due to asphyxia." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60772.
Full textAbstract:
Kidneys are very sensitive to the deficit of oxygen. Renal dysfunction can occur within 24 hours after an episode of ischemia and may provoke the development of cortical necrosis. Relevance of the study determined the lack of highly sensitive and at the same time, the available non-invasive diagnostic methods for early detection of kidney damage in newborns.
19
Rutherford, Mary. "Magnetic resonance imaging of hypoxic-ischaemic brain lesions in the term infant." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262817.
Full text
20
Berg, Wilma Dorethea Johanna van de. "Cell death and synaptic remodelling as a consequence of perinatal asphyxia implications of hypothermia /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2003. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6331.
Full text
21
Лобода, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda, and M. Tutuola. "Diagnostic value of cytokines measurement in newborns with impaired kidney function due to asphyxia." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36227.
Full textAbstract:
Violation of the content and balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines play a role as in the pathogenesis of antigen-mediated reactions, but also may resulted hypoxic complications in newborns, indicating the universality of immune mechanisms. Hypoxia causes a significant increase of mRNA responsible for the synthesis of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokines – interleukin-10 (IL-10) in 3 hours after exposure to pathological factors.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36227
22
Quaedackers, Josine Johanna Serafina Leonarda Theresia. "Systemic complications in the preterm fetus after asphyxia studies of cardiovascular and blood flow responses /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7652.
Full text
23
Nyström, Anita. "Kartläggning och jämförelse av träning i neonatal återupplivning på svenska sjukhus." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-278.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to survey the occurrence of and obstacles to team training in
neonatal life support in Swedish hospitals and, accordingly, to compare university hospitals
with other hospitals. The study included all the managers in 37 pediatric wards who
participated in telephone interviews with the aid of a questionnaire. The results showed that
81 % of the Swedish hospitals that have a paediatric ward train the staff in neonatal life
support. All of the university hospitals and 74 % of the other hospitals are running training in
some form. The methods of training varied and so did the occurrence of training. All the
managers thought it was important to train neonatal life support. No statistical significant
difference occurred between university hospitals and other hospitals concerning the methods
of training, evaluation of training or in possibilities and obstacles of training. The conclusion
is that training multidisciplinary teams in neonatal life support is going on in most of the
Swedish hospitals. The team training in neonatal life support is quite a new method in Sweden
and several hospitals have started the training this year. One third evaluate their training by
oral reports, which is twice as often as written reports. A recommendation based on the results
of this study is that certification for the professionals who are involved in neonatal life support
should be considered.
24
Маркевич, Віталій Едуардович, Виталий Эдуардович Маркевич, Vitalii Eduardovych Markevych, Андрій Миколайович Лобода, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda, Аліна Сергіївна Грамма, Алина Сергеевна Грамма, and Alina Serhiivna Hramma. "Клініко-лабораторні особливості новонароджених з порушеннями функції нирок на тлі асфіксії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32371.
Full textAbstract:
Гіпоксично-ішемічне ураження центральної нервової системи у новонароджених займає питому вагу в структурі захворюваності і смертності дітей у неонатальному періоді і ранньому віці. У багатьох випадках асфіксія у немовлят супроводжується органічними змінами в інших органах, зокрема в нирках.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32371
25
Петрашенко, Вікторія Олександрівна, Виктория Александровна Петрашенко, Viktoriia Oleksandrivna Petrashenko, Г. В. Боргданова, and О. І. Гапієнко. "Кристалографічні дослідження сечі у недоношених новонароджених з ураженням нирок на тлі асфіксії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48094.
Full text
26
Лобода, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda, Віталій Едуардович Маркевич, Виталий Эдуардович Маркевич, Vitalii Eduardovych Markevych, and А. В. Шищук. "Особливості вмісту та балансу натрію та калію в біосередовищах новонароджених із порушенням нирок на тлі асфіксії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42227.
Full textAbstract:
Перинатальна асфіксія може призводити до поліорганних ушкоджень у
новонароджених. У відповідь на дефіцит кисню внаслідок асфіксії відбувається перерозподіл
об’єму активно циркулюючої крові до мозку, серця і наднирників зі зменшенням кровообігу в
системі мікроциркуляції нирок, легень та шлунково-кишкового тракту. Нирки є основним
органом, відповідальним за регуляцію електролітного обміну.
27
Фендик, М. М. "Кристалографічні дослідження сечі у доношених новонароджених із ураженням нирок на тлі асфіксії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42052.
Full text
28
Andersen, Danielle Louise. "Development of neurotransmitter receptors in the human brain and vulnerability to perinatal asphyxia and sudden infant death syndrome /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17412.pdf.
Full text
29
Лобода, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda, and А. В. Шищук. "Визначення лактатдегідрогенази сечі як неінвазивний метод діагностики ураження нирок у новонароджених із асфіксією." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36046.
Full textAbstract:
Асфіксія при народженні супроводжується порушенням енергетичного обміну та функції біологічних мембран низки внутрішніх органів (в т.ч. нирок) внаслідок централізації кровообігу. Маркерами пошкодження клітин виступають ферменти, які потрапляють в циркуляторне русло. Одними із найбільш ранніх біохімічних індикаторів є рівні лактату та лактатдегідрогенази (ЛДГ) плазми, які зростають внаслідок інтенсифікації гліколізу.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36046
30
Лобода, Андрій Миколайович, Андрей Николаевич Лобода, Andrii Mykolaiovych Loboda, and М. В. Міхно. "Переваги визначення швидкості клубочкової фільтрації за цистатином у новонароджених із ураженням нирок на тлі тяжкої асфіксії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32390.
Full textAbstract:
Для оцінки функції нирок у новонароджених використовується визначення швидкості клубочкової фільтрації (ШКФ) за допомогою розрахунку кліренсу креатиніну.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32390
31
woods, Clay W. "Movement of Air Through Submerged Air Vents." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1074.
Full textAbstract:
A series of physical models consisting of three different diameter pipes at the same 4% slope were studied at the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL). Various combinations of air flow and head on the pipe were used to determine the effect of pipe diameter, head, and air flow on the behavior of air bubbles introduced into the pipes and to determine the venting capacity of the pipes. It was determined that neither bubble velocity nor bubble length changes with pipe diameter or head changes within the range tested. It was also determined that bubble velocity and length will increase with increased air flow. Bubble velocity also increased with increasing bubble length consistent with prior research. Overall the venting capacity of a pipe is dependent upon having a large enough pipe to prevent slug flow. A procedure was developed to aid in the sizing of submerged vent piping during the design of pipelines based on the data collected during this study and utilizing prior research.
32
Kang, Bryan H. (Bryan Heejin). "Air-data estimation for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47394.
Full text
33
Cheng, Zhao 1969. "Flow problems in air venting and air sparging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9593.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references.
Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) and Air Sparging have been used for site remediation for about ten years, but most of the past designs are based on experiences and numerical models. Understanding toward the physical problems is far from complete, and some simplified assumptions used in those models may not be true. In this thesis, we focus our attention on the hydrodynamic problems in SVE and air sparging. In Chapter One some basic concepts related to the fl.ow problem in the porous media such as soil are introduced, and previous models for SVE and air sparging are reviewed in some detail. The SVE model is derived in Chapter Two. Specifically we examine the water table rise during SVE. In Chapter Three, A mathematical model for steady state air sparging is describe. Unlike previous models(Van Dijke et al, 1995), the air phase compressibility is accounted for. Numerical methods are used to solve the governing equations. Results are compared with two dimensional laboratory experiment(Ji et al, 1993) and field data(Lundegard, 1995). The most important parameter in air sparging system design is the Radius Of Influence(ROI) of the sparging well{McCray 1997). Computations are performed to reveal the relationship between ROI of a sparging well to other parameters such as air sparging pressure, well screen length, soil properties etc,. Air sparging is typically used in conjunction with a soil vapor extraction system to collect the volatilized compounds above the water table. The use of air sparging results in a net positive pressure in groundwater, and can lead to contaminant migration to previously uncontaminated areas. In Chapter Four, we discussed the coupling effects of SVE and air sparging system. Some interesting phenomena are revealed and discussed.
by Zhao Cheng.
S.M.
34
Al-Ghamdi, Abdulmajeed Saeed. "ANALYSIS OF AIR-TO-AIR ROTARY ENERGY WHEELS." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1146201291.
Full text
35
Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and N. A. Radcko. "Air conditioning." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13511.
Full text
36
Silyuk, O. V., and T. N. Burenko. "Air pollution." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17563.
Full text
37
Solman, Dario. "Air files." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1318871694.
Full text
38
Ibrahim, Abdul. "Air Engine." Thesis, Ibrahim, Abdul (2016) Air Engine. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33939/.
Full textAbstract:
The Murdoch University Air Engine project was built for Industrial Computer System Engineering (ICSE) students to implement and fundamentally develop a significant understanding of the 68HC11 Microcontroller. This system was developed and designed by third-year undergraduate students for their project with the help of Murdoch University’s technician and electrician staff for installation of hardware equipment and information technology (IT) related task. This project is a learning tool that provides hands-on experience with industrial-grade equipment and the environment. This also includes maintenance and improvement of its functionality as a part of the on-going thesis project.
Air Engine was one of the first engine designs that helped to introduce the concept that an engine can be used to run a vehicle. Throughout the years, different designs have been implemented, and some of them were successful such that they were utilized in the powering vehicles. Also, it is versatile, therefore, can be used in operations where immense power is required. However, the basic principles of an engine remain almost the same since cylinders, and other associated components are used to run it.
The project deals with an Air Engine controlled by a microcontroller. The primary objective of this project is to develop an embedded and real-time control system based on the Forth programming language. Other associated aims are to incorporate user interaction via a keypad and LCD screen which make significant use of the timing interrupt system capabilities for the inputs and outputs available. Also implementing a form of control for cylinder firing sequences, designing the wiring diagram, improving the safety feature, implementing set input of Revolution Per Minute (RPM) via keypad and maintain the rotational speed was undertaken.
The project is now complete and fully operational with fully functioning hardware configurations and programming language. Additionally, the programming code has been modified and recreated using simplified code words which make it easier to understand. As well, extensive documentation is provided to help for the future development of this project.
39
Oh, Seung-Min. "Nonlinear Estimation for Vision-Based Air-to-Air Tracking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19882.
Full textAbstract:
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's) have been the focus of significant research interest in both military and commercial areas since they have a variety of practical applications including reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition, search and rescue, patrolling, real-time monitoring, and mapping, to name a few. To increase the autonomy and the capability of these UAV's and thus to reduce the workload of human operators, typical autonomous UAV's are usually equipped with both a navigation system and a tracking system. The navigation system provides high-rate ownship states (typically ownship inertial position, inertial velocity, and attitude) that are directly used in the autopilot system, and the tracking system provides low-rate target tracking states (typically target relative position and velocity with respect to the ownship). Target states in the global frame can be obtained by adding the ownship states and the target tracking states. The data estimated from this combination of the navigation system and the tracking system provide key information for the design of most UAV guidance laws, control command generation, trajectory generation, and path planning.
As a baseline system that estimates ownship states, an integrated navigation system is designed by using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with sequential measurement updates. In order to effectively fuse various sources of aiding sensor information, the sequential measurement update algorithm is introduced in the design of the integrated navigation system with the objective of being implemented in low-cost autonomous UAV's. Since estimated state accuracy using a low-cost, MEMS-based IMU degrades with time, several absolute (low update rate but bounded error in time) sensors, including the GPS receiver, the magnetometer, and the altimeter, can compensate for time-degrading errors. In this work, the sequential measurement update algorithm in smaller vectors and matrices is capable of providing a convenient framework for fusing the many sources of information in the design of integrated navigation systems. In this framework, several aiding sensor measurements with different size and update rates are easily fused with basic high-rate IMU processing.
In order to provide a new mechanism that estimates ownship states, a new nonlinear filtering framework, called the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with sequential measurement updates, is developed and applied to the design of a new integrated navigation system. The UKF is known to be more accurate and convenient to use with a slightly higher computational cost. This filter provides at least second-order accuracy by approximating Gaussian distributions rather than arbitrary nonlinear functions. This is compared to the first-order accuracy of the well-known EKF based on linearization. In addition, the step of computing the often troublesome Jacobian matrices, always required in the design of an integrated navigation system using the EKF, is eliminated. Furthermore, by employing the concept of sequential measurement updates in the UKF, we can add the advantages of sequential measurement update strategy such as easy compensation of sensor latency, easy fusion of multi-sensors, and easy addition and subtraction of new sensors while maintaining those of the standard UKF such as accurate estimation and removal of Jacobian matrices. Simulation results show better performance of the UKF-based navigation system than the EKF-based system since the UKF-based system is more robust to initial accelerometer and rate gyro biases and more accurate in terms of reducing transient peaks and steady-state errors in ownship state estimation.
In order to estimate target tracking states or target kinematics, a new vision-based tracking system is designed by using a UKF in the scenario of three-dimensional air-to-air tracking. The tracking system can estimate not only the target tracking states but also several target characteristics including target size and acceleration. By introducing the UKF, the new vision-based tracking system presents good estimation performance by overcoming the highly nonlinear characteristics of the problem with a relatively simplified formulation. Moreover, the computational step of messy Jacobian matrices involved in the target acceleration dynamics and angular measurements is removed.
A new particle filtering framework, called an extended marginalized particle filter (EMPF), is developed and applied to the design of a new vision-based tracking system. In this work, only three position components with vision measurements are solved in particle filtering part by applying Rao-Blackwellization or marginalization approach, and the other dynamics, including the target nonlinear acceleration model, with Gaussian noise are effectively handled by using the UKF. Since vision information can be better represented by probabilistic measurements and the EMPF framework can be easily extended to handle this type of measurements, better performance in estimating target tracking states will be achieved by directly incorporating non-Gaussian, probabilistic vision information as the measurement inputs to the vision-based tracking system in the EMPF framework.
40
Amissah, Patrick Ken. "Indoor air quality : combining air humidity with construction moisture." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21574.
Full textAbstract:
The project aims to improve the modelling of moisture transfers at internal surfaces by linking the finite volumes representing the Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) domains. Conflation of both models facilitates the detailed study of moisture flow as it impacts on indoor air quality and occupant health. The thesis lays down the conceptual framework for the subsequent development of an indoor air quality analytical tool. The work thus improves the modelling of construction feature risk assessment, for example, moisture absorption and desorption at the internal fabric surfaces in as much as it relates to indoor air quality. Through such an improvement, an indoor air quality analytical tool for the prediction of time-varying temperature/humidity conditions at specific locations within the building is enabled and subsequently these conditions may be related to the likely occurrence of mould. Humidity in indoor spaces is one of the most important factors in the determination of indoor air quality. High indoor humidity is a major contributor to the accumulation of moisture in the building envelope. This often results in dampness within the building envelope and subsequent health-related problems for the occcupants. Moderation of the indoor relative humidity, temperature and moisture content of the indoor air amongst others is a pre-requisite for a healthy building because it affects the perception of indoor air quality, thermal comfort, occupant health (asthma, respiratory illness, etc), building durability, material emission and energy consumption. Excessively high relative humidity promotes the growth of moulds and mildew on building surfaces. The basis for the envisaged conflation evolves around the boundary layer theory as it pertains to the velocity, thermal and concentration profiles associated with flow parallel to a flat surface, a phenomenon which is recognised as being similar in nature to buoyancy-driven convective heat transfer within building enclosures (White 1988). Within the framework of modelling of indoor air flows, the conflated modelling approach is very much dependent upon the treatment of the internal surface convection, for example, in the conflation of HAM and CFO models. This is referred to as the pivot point for the handshaking between HAM and CFO modelling domains. Within the framework of this project, the pivot point refers to the treatment of surface convection mass transfer at the internal surface to facilitate the hand shaking between HAM and CFO modelling domains. The two-time step coupling approach based on the loose coupling algorithm is adapted for the conflation. The technique involves a process whereby the HAM and CFO models are processed independently but exchange information at the interface at every time-step. The numerical method for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations is based on the co-located grid arrangement, whereby all flow variables are defined in the centre of the grid cells. The transport equations are integrated for each grid cell and the Gauss Theorem applied to yield an integral over the cell face. These cell face integrals are then approximated using interpolation of the cell centred data. For the resolution of flow in the near-wall regime, the Low-Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model is used. A configuration mechanism with a rules-based moisture control algorithm to facilitate the handshaking of the HAM and CFO domains is presented. Methods for the solution of problems due to moisture migration across the interface, which are effected through variation of the convective mass transfer coefficient, hm, through variation of the standard k-ε turbulence model, namely the lowReynolds number model with its embedded wall damping functions and through adjustment of the source terms of governing transport equations of the CFO and HAM models are also discussed.
41
鄧慶輝 and Hing-fai Tang. "Breathe the air in Hong Kong air quality sustainability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255310.
Full text
42
Matune, Nicholas J. "Fouling of Air Cooled Condensers On the Air Side." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1338509830.
Full text
43
Bhandari, Ujjar. "Control system design for autonomous air-to-air refuelling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680354.
Full textAbstract:
A wide range of Unmanned Air Vehicle applications have been identified over the last decade, both for civilian and military usage. The Air-to-Air Refuelling capability is perceived as an advantage to future support and deployment of mid-large scale Unmanned Air Vehicles to meet operational requirements. Despite Autonomous Air-to-Air Refuelling drawing a lot of attention and research in general, bow wave effects in an Air-to-Air Refuelling scenario have received little attention. Some existing studies have discussed and attempted to model the effect of the bow wave from a comparatively large receiver (B-2, C-17) onto the tanker (KC-135) during boom refuelling. However the effects of bow wave from the receiver aircraft onto the drogue in a probe and drogue refuelling system have received very little attention. This thesis analyses the effects of the receiver's bow wave on the drogue in a probe and drogue based Air-to-Air Refuelling activity, with results suggesting its critical influence on the capture rates of Autonomous Airto- Air Refuelling simulation. This work has developed a state of the art literature survey of Air-to-Air Refuelling including the developments in the sensor models, numerical modelling concepts, control methodologies and simulation and test facilities. By performing multiple random simulations a novel way of quantifying capture rates in aerial refuelling simulations has been developed. Compensating the bow wave effects through the use of position offset is simple yet effective solution emerging from this work. This method was found to restore the loss in performance in the Autonomous Air-to-Air Refuelling simulation which results from the bow wave interactions. On the other hand, the ability to optimise these position offsets for a given condition makes it suitably applicable to different flight conditions. Another major contribution is the various capture strategies presented in this thesis which demonstrate several ways of approaching the drogue in the capture phase for successful engagements. Results demonstrate further gains in terms of capture rates by avoiding drogue chasing in the simulations. Additional unconventional and innovative concepts to drogue capture are also discussed. This work forms part of the Autonomous Systems Technology Related Airborne Evaluation & Assessment programme in the UK.
44
Tang, Hing-fai. "Breathe the air in Hong Kong air quality sustainability /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25700698.
Full text
45
Suarez, Olivia Adayr Xavier [UNESP]. "O monitoramento dos movimentos corporais do sono e do ritmo de sono-vigília como indicador das alterações provocadas pela asfixia em ratos recém-nascidos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96121.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2006-05-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
suarez_oax_me_botfm.pdf: 656572 bytes, checksum: abeb20dbfb7202f9f09aa053ef22fc6c (MD5)As limitações dos métodos diagnósticos da asfixia perinatal levaram-nos a investigar se o monitoramento dos movimentos corporais do sono (MCS) e do ritmo de sono-vigília (S/V) pode ser utilizado como marcador diagnóstico deste processo patológico. Para tanto, os registros eletromiográfico e eletrocardiográfico de 8 ratos recém-nascidos, Wistar, com 6 a 48h de vida, foram obtidos durante 4 períodos experimentais: período controle - com ratos respirando ar atmosférico, por 30min; período de asfixia - com ratos submetidos a dois períodos de asfixia de 30min (T1 e T2), com seus corpos inteiramente envolvidos por filme de polivinil (PVC); e período de recuperação - com ratos respirando ar ambiente novamente, por 30min. A freqüência cardíaca diminuiu significantemente durante a asfixia, em relação à fase controle. Nós concluímos que o monitoramento dos MCS e do ritmo de sono-vigília se mostrou um parâmetro promissor no diagnóstico da asfixia perinatal e de suas complicações. Este fato, todavia, requer novas investigações para se estabelecer a real viabilidade do método para o uso rotineiro na prática clínica.
The limitations of current diagnostic methods of perinatal asphyxia induced to investigate if monitoring of body movements and of the sleep-wake rhythm can be used as diagnostic marker of this pathologic process. So, electromyogram and electrocardiogram records of 8 newborn Wistar rats, 6 to 48 hours postnatal, were obtained throughout 4 experimental periods: control period - with rats breathing room air for 30 min (ARpre); asphyxia periods - with rats submitted to two 30 min asphyxia periods (T1 and T2) with Its entire body covered with a polyvinyl sheet (PVC); and recovering period - with rats breathing room air for 30 min again. Asphyxia Heart rate was significantly decreased all over the asphyxia period compared with the control phase. In conclusion the monitoring of SBM, and of the sleep-wake rhythm seems to be of utmost value to the perinatal asphyxia diagnosis and its complications. This fact, however, requires new investigations to establish the real viability of the method for clinical practice routine.
46
Parkes, J. "The safety and effectiveness of interventions for aggression in mental health nursing." Thesis, Coventry University, 2010. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/f7b88b70-44a9-8c21-e94f-2a5688fbddf4/1.
Full textAbstract:
This document presents five published journal articles all of which investigate the safety and effectiveness of interventions for aggression in mental health nursing. Early work focuses upon studies of the safety and effectiveness of interventions in the clinical setting. In the first article the research project examined the safety and effectiveness of a course of training in ‗control and restraint‘ (C&R) at a medium secure mental health unit. Mixed findings are reported, with some aspects of the study showing an increase in injuries whilst the overall outcome showed no significant change. The second article reports the pattern of incidents, and staff interventions, over a three year period in a different medium secure unit. A low threshold of reporting was encouraged and substantial numbers of incidents are described. Later work narrows the focus of the study onto a specific area of the safety of physical interventions for aggression: sudden death related to restraint. A published review of the literature on ‗positional asphyxia‘ is presented, discussing the key literature and developing the concept of ‗positional asphyxia.‘ Two research publications are also presented. In the first article the effect of body position on the rate of recovery from exercise is studied using pulse oximetry as a proxy measure of respiration. Equivocal results are reported. The second study shows a development of the methodology, following a similar design but using computer assisted pneumotachography to provide direct measurement of lung function. A clear pattern is demonstrated showing significant changes in lung function in prone restraint positions where the participant is flexed and/or body weight is applied. 4 The development of the concept of positional asphyxia and the contribution of the articles, academic and professional, is discussed. It is suggested that positional asphyxia should be viewed as one factor in a multi-factorial model of risk. The body of work is presented as having clear implications for practice. Early work examining the pattern of incidents in clinical settings has relevance to staff training, particularly in terms of a clearer understanding of the potential risks which need to be addressed by training. Later work has considerable implication for both policy and training by identifying those restraint positions which present less risk to the restrained person. Directions for future research are discussed.
47
Papworth, Katja, and Clara Wessén. "Identified Issues with the Use of Technology in Treatment of Newborn Infants at Risk of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy : A study done at the largest obstetric hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258199.
Full textAbstract:
Neonatal asphyxia is the third largest cause of neonatal mortality in Vietnam, and many of the surviving patients suffer from permanent brain damage. A cooling mattress used for treatment of infants suffering from asphyxia has been shown to have problems with providing a stable body temperature for the patients. The main purpose of this project is to assess potential problems with routines and the use of the most central technical equipment used to treat newborns suffering from asphyxia, as well as constructing a phantom to simulate a newborn infant in the process of cooling. The purpose of the simulation is to investigate new methods of using the cooling mattress to achieve a more stable body temperature when cooling the patient. The project was done at Phu San Hostpial and Vietnam National Children's Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. The technical evaluation was conducted with observations, interviews and a question form. The results showed that there were issues with the sensors connected to the ventilators, noise level from alarms and routines concerning sanitation. The phantom was based on a water bottle, an interest heater and a pump to mix the water. It proved not possible to construct a phantom that met the necessary criteria.Asfyxi hos nyfödda är den tredje största orsaken till neonatal dödlighet i Vietnam, och många av de överlevande får permanenta hjärnskador. En nedkylningsmadrass som används till behandling av nyfödda med asfyxi har visat sig ha problem med att hålla patientens kroppstemperatur stabil. Arbetets huvudsakliga syfte är att undersöka potentiella problem med rutiner och användningen av den viktigaste tekniken vid behandling av nyfödda som lider av asfyxi, samt även konstruera en fantom som ska kunna simulera en nyfödd vid nedkylning. Simuleringen har som syfte att undersöka nya användningsmetoder av nedkylningsmadrassen för att uppnå en mer stabil kroppstemperatur hos patienten. Arbetet gjordes vid Phu San Hospital, och National Children’s Hospital i Hanoi, Vietnam. Utvärderingen av teknikens användning gjordes via observationer, intervjuer och ett frågeformulär. Resultaten sammanställdes för att hitta potentiella förbättringar till teknikens användning. Det framkom problem med sensorerna kopplat till ventilatorerna, ljudnivån från alarmer och rutiner kring sanitering. Fantomet baserades på en vattenflaska, en doppvärmare och en pump som blandade vattnet. Det visade sig inte vara möjligt att konstruera en fantom som uppfyllde alla kriterier med de resurser som var tillgängliga.
48
Lawn, J. E. "4 million neonatal deaths : an analysis of available cause-of-death data and systematic country estimates with a focus on 'birth asphyxia'." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19027/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Of the world’s four million neonatal deaths, 99% occur in low/middleincome countries, but most information relates to the 1% dying in high-income countries. Reliable cause-of-death data are lacking. The aim of this thesis is to develop programmatically-relevant, national estimates for neonatal cause-of-death, focusing on “birth asphyxia” to illustrate specific challenges in the available data and for systematic national estimates. Objectives: 1. Review estimation methods, giving implications for neonatal cause-of-death estimation. 2. Propose programmatic categories for neonatal cause-of-death, reviewing measurement options for intrapartum-related outcomes (“birth asphyxia”). 3. Identify and analyse existing neonatal cause-of-death data. 4. Estimate intrapartum-related neonatal deaths for all countries, comparing single-cause and multi-cause models. 5. Summarise priorities for improving neonatal cause-of-death estimates and input data. Data inputs: Case definitions were reviewed for neonatal cause-of-death and intrapartumrelated outcomes. Six programmatically relevant cause-of-death categories were defined, plus a residual “other neonatal” category. Two sources of neonatal cause-of-death data were examined: Vital Registration (VR) datasets for countries with high coverage (>90%) based on a new analysis from 83 countries; and published/unpublished studies identified through systematic searches. Inclusion criteria for representativeness and comparability were applied. Data from 44 countries with VR (96,797 neonatal deaths) and from 56 studies (29 countries, 13,685 neonatal deaths) met inclusion criteria, despite screening almost 7,000 abstracts. These data represent <3% of the world’s neonatal deaths. Thus estimation is necessary for global level information. No useable data were identified from Central and North-West Africa, or Central Asia. Modelling: Methods were developed to estimate intrapartum-related neonatal deaths (single-cause), and then simultaneously estimate seven causes of neonatal death (multi-cause). Applying these proportions to the numbers of neonatal deaths in 192 countries gives a global estimate of intrapartum-related neonatal deaths of 0.90 (0.65-1.17) million using single-cause and 0.91 (0.60-1.08) million using multi-cause methods. Discussion: The multi-cause model has become WHO’s standard method for neonatal cause-of-death estimates. However, complex statistical models are not a panacea. More representative data are required. Simplified case definitions and consistent hierarchical cause-of- death attribution would improve comparability, especially for intrapartum-related deaths.
49
Iwata, O. "Temporal and spatial evolution of cerebral injury in the piglet asphyxia model : a comparative study of serial magnetic resonance biomarkers and histopathology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1432501/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: After hypoxia-ischaemia and successful resuscitation, cerebral energy metabolism transiently recovers to the normal level (latent phase); after a variable period of time this phase is followed by secondary energy failure (SEF) in those subjects with an adverse outcome. A better understanding of the regional evolution of SEF may enhance the application of future neuroprotective strategies. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to determine associations between the insult severity, regional SEF evolution, and subsequent histo-pathological brain injury using magnetic resonance biomarkers. Methods: An established piglet model of neonatal encephalopathy was used. 1. Twenty-nine piglets were studied either normothermic or hypothermic (35°C or 33°C during 2-26 hours after hypoxia-ischaemia). 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) was serially acquired; the brain was assessed histo-pathologically after 48 hours. 2. Global 31P MRS, and maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and transverse relaxation time (T2) were serially obtained in 3 control and 18 asphyxiated piglets. Histo-pathological brain injury and MR biomarkers were compared at time periods of 16-48 hours after hypoxia-ischaemia. Results: 1. Severe acute insult, short latent phase, severe SEF and profound histo-pathological brain injury were associated between each other. 2. Transient recovery in phosphocreatine (PCr) higher than its baseline was indicative of absent subsequent evolution of SEF, whereas sub-baseline PCr recovery was suggestive of severe SEF. 3. Global 31P MRS biomarkers and regional ADC obtained just prior to termination and up to 18-24 hours before termination predicted histo-pathological brain injury; the predictive value was optimal for global PCr/ inorganic phosphate (Pi), followed by global PCr/exchangeable high-energy phosphate pool (EPP), Pi/EPP and regional ADC. Conclusions: Although 31P MRS was more accurate, regional ADC predicted subsequent brain injury up to 18 hours in advance of termination. Regional ADC can be used as a sensitive early marker for subsequent tissue injury when 31P MRS is not available.
50
Martin, Jerome Vernon. "Reforging the sword : United States Air Force tactical air forces, air power doctrine, and national security policy /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596807823823.
Full text