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1
Salih, Saif Yoseif. "THE MODELING OF PETROLEUM COKE GASIFICATION USING ASPEN PLUS SOFTWARE." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1777.
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Gasification of petroleum coke (Petcoke) has emerged in the last decades as one of the attractive options and is gaining more attention to convert petcoke and oil residue to synthesis gas (Syngas). Syngas consists mainly of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), some other gases, and impurities. In this study, a simulation of Tuscaloosa petcoke, typical gulf coast refineries petcoke, gasification was developed using ASPEN PLUS software. Sensitivity analysis of the simulated model was performed to study the variation in operation conditions of the gasifier such as temperature, pressure, oxygen flow rate, and steam flow rate. The approach correlates the behavior of these parameters with the syngas yield (i.e., H2, CO, CO2, H2O, CH4, and H2S). Consequently, the desired syngas yield can be obtained by manipulating the gasifier parameters. Implementing optimization calculation shows that up to (81 %) of the gasifier cold gas efficiency (Based on LHV) can be achieved for the developed model. Therefore, Tuscaloosa petcoke gasification under the aforementioned parameters is feasible and can be commercialized. This leads to more utilization of the bottom of oil barrel by upgrading it to more valuable gases with less environmental impacts.
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Abu, Bakar Nurul Atiqah. "Modeling, optimizing and control analysis of a debutanizer column using Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamic." Thesis, Abu Bakar, Nurul Atiqah (2017) Modeling, optimizing and control analysis of a debutanizer column using Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamic. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41926/.
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This thesis project is focusing on the modeling, optimization and control analysis of a debutanizer column using Aspen PLUS and Aspen Dynamics. A complex mixture of hydrocarbons contained a different range of hydrogen and carbon from C2 until nC8 was fed into the debutanizer column for the separation process. There are two products coming out from this distillation column; the light-end hydrocarbons (C2-C4) and the heavier-end hydrocarbons (C5+). The C2-C4 became the desired product for debutanizer column which required to be separated from the mixed hydrocarbons. This C2-C4 was removed from distillate stream as an overhead product. Meanwhile, the C5+ was removed from the bottoms stream as a bottoms product.
The target of this project was to recover 90% of butane (C4) and maximum 5 mol% of pentane (C5) composition in the distillate stream. This target was achieved at the end of the project by obtaining approximately 91.1% of C4 recovery and 4.039 mol% of C5 in the distillate stream. Therefore, it concluded the recovery of C5 in the bottoms stream was 90.3%.
The debutanizer model was firstly constructed in the Aspen PLUS for steady-state simulation which relied on several specifications of the column and the criteria of the process. The simulation of this separation process was designed using rigorous distillation column simulator, RadFrac. A comparison of physical property methods between Peng-Robinson and RK-Soave were investigated by considering the same theoretical stages in each configuration. Then, the final type of property model was selected depending on the lowest offset from industrial data. A sensitivity analysis was performed to simulate the column within a range of the parameter, and an optimization problem was formulated to be solved.
The steady-state flowsheet generated in Aspen PLUS was exported into Aspen Dynamics to simulate the column in dynamic simulation. The debutanizer system has multiple input variables to control the multiple output variables. Therefore, the relative gain array (RGA) analysis was calculated based on the steady-state gain obtained from open loop transfer functions to find the best pairing of input-output. The conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) and cascade control were implemented into the debutanizer column and both control required to be tuned. Therefore, a relay auto-tuning in Aspen Dynamics was used to determine the ultimate period (Pu) and ultimate gain (KCU) of each process. Then, the controller parameters could be calculated using Ziegler-Nichols method.
The control strategy was carried out to observe the process response towards changes of set-point and to analyze the relationships between the process variables (PV) and manipulated variables (MV). The disturbance rejection was performed to determine the success of established control scheme. At the end of the project, multiple comparisons were made between the results obtained from Aspen PLUS and Aspen Dynamics with the literature papers.
Overall, all thesis objectives were completed, and the purpose of the debutanizer column to be simulated in Aspen PLUS and Aspen Dynamics were successful.
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Smestad, Haley Hayden. "Modeling of an Ethanol - Water- LiBr Ternary System for the Simulation of Bioethanol Purification using Pass-Through Distillation." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/452.
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Accurate modeling of mixed solvent electrolyte systems is difficult and is not readily available in property modeling software such as Aspen Plus. Support for modeling these systems requires the knowledge and input of parameters specific to the compounds in question. The need for these parameters is particularly relevant in simulating new designs based upon recent developments in a concept known as pass-through distillation (PTD). In support of a specific application of PTD, this work determines and validates with existing experimental data, accurate user-parameters for the eNRTL property model in the ternary system of ethanol, water, and lithium bromide. Furthermore, this work creates the foundation for simulating this new PTD process by modeling the removal of bioethanol from a fermentation broth using low temperature evaporation in conjunction with absorption and stripping units to omit the need of a condenser requiring refrigeration. This will enable future investigations into the applications of PTD as well as provide a foundation for modeling the ternary system of ethanol, water and lithium bromide.
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Afanga, Khalid. "Modélisation systémique des filières sidérurgiques en vue de leur optimisation énergétique et environnementale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0268/document.
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Ce travail de recherche porte sur la modélisation mathématique des principaux procédés sidérurgiques en suivant une approche systémique. L’objectif est d’élaborer un outil de modélisation de l’ensemble de la filière destiné à l’optimiser du point de vue énergétique et environnemental. Nous avons développé des modèles physico-chimiques du haut fourneau, de la cokerie, de l’agglomération et du convertisseur. Ces modèles ont ensuite été reliés entre eux sous forme d’un diagramme de flux unique en utilisant le logiciel ASPEN Plus. Dans une première partie, nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés au haut fourneau à recyclage, une variante innovante du haut fourneau dans laquelle les gaz de gueulard sont recyclés et réinjectés aux tuyères après capture du CO2. Nous avons testé une réinjection à un niveau (aux tuyères) et à deux niveaux (tuyères et ventre). Les résultats ont été comparés avec succès à des données expérimentales issues d’un réacteur pilote et montrent que le recyclage permet une baisse de plus de 20 % des émissions de CO2 du haut fourneau. Le recyclage à deux niveaux ne semble pas plus performant que celui à un seul niveau. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons simulé le fonctionnement d’une usine sidérurgique intégrée dans son ensemble. Différentes configurations ont été testées, pour un haut fourneau classique ou un haut fourneau à recyclage, en considérant un éventuel recyclage du laitier de convertisseur à l’agglomération, et en étudiant l’influence de la teneur en silicium de la fonte sur toute la filière. On montre notamment qu’il est possible de réduire le prix de revient de la tonne d’acier en substituant et recyclant différents sous-produitsThis research study deals with mathematical modeling of the main steelmaking processes following a systems approach. The objective was to build a modeling tool of the whole steelmaking route devoted to its energetic and environmental optimization. We developed physical-chemical models for the blast furnace, the coke oven, the sintering plant and the basic oxygen furnace. These models were then linked together in a single flow sheet using the ASPEN Plus software. First, we focused on the top gas recycling blast furnace, a novel variant of the blast furnace in which the top gas is recycled and re-injected into the tuyeres after CO2 removal and capture. We tested both a reinjection at one level (tuyeres only) and at two levels (tuyeres and shaft). The results were successfully compared with experimental data from a pilot reactor and demonstrate that recycling can lower the blast furnace CO2 emissions by more than 20%. Recycling at two levels does not seem more efficient than at a single level. Second, we simulated the operation of an entire integrated steelmaking plant. Different configurations were tested, using a conventional blast furnace or a top gas recycling blast furnace, considering a possible recycling of the converter slag to the sintering plant, and studying the influence of Si content in the hot metal on the entire steelmaking plant operation. We show that it is possible to reduce the cost of producing steel by substituting and recycling various by-products
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Hedström, Sofia. "Thermal energy recovery of low grade waste heat in hydrogenation process." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32335.
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The waste heat recovery technologies have become very relevant since many industrial plants continuously reject large amounts of thermal energy during normal operation which contributes to the increase of the production costs and also impacts the environment. The simulation programs used in industrial engineering enable development and optimization of the operational processes in a cost-effective way. The company Chematur Engineering AB, which supplies chemical plants in many different fields of use on a worldwide basis, was interested in the investigation of the possibilities for effective waste heat recovery from the hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene, which is a sub-process in the toluene diisocyanate manufacture plant. The project objective was to implement waste heat recovery by application of the Organic Rankine Cycle and the Absorption Refrigeration Cycle technologies. Modeling and design of the Organic Rankine Cycle and the Absorption Refrigeration Cycle systems was performed by using Aspen Plus® simulation software where the waste heat carrier was represented by hot water, coming from the internal cooling system in the hydrogenation process. Among the working fluids investigated were ammonia, butane, isobutane, propane, R-123, R-134a, R-227ea, R-245fa, and ammonia-water and LiBr-water working pairs. The simulations have been performed for different plant capacities with different temperatures of the hydrogenation process. The results show that the application of the Organic Rankine Cycle technology is the most feasible solution where the use of ammonia, R-123, R-245fa and butane as the working fluids is beneficial with regards to power production and pay-off time, while R-245fa and butane are the most sustainable choices considering the environment.
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François, Jessica. "Modélisation et évaluation environnementale des filières de cogénération par combustion et gazéification du bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0071/document.
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Le développement du bois énergie est un des principaux leviers dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. Cependant son utilisation à grande échelle n’est pas sans risque pour l’environnement. Afin de quantifier les impacts environnementaux de la filière bois énergie, nous avons, dans un premier temps, développé un modèle systémique de la filière, depuis la forêt jusqu’à la production d’énergie. Deux technologies ont été considérées pour la co-production d’électricité et de chaleur à partir de biomasse forestière : l’une, traditionnelle, par combustion directe, et l’autre, plus avancée mais moins mature, par gazéification. Dans le cas de la gazéification, nous avons défini les conditions opératoires les plus favorables du procédé en tenant compte des rendements énergétiques et exergétiques ainsi que de la qualité du syngas. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons calculé les flux de carbone et de minéraux exportés lors de la récolte du bois ainsi que le nombre d’hectares requis, puis les ressources et rejets liées au fonctionnement des centrales biomasses. Nous avons noté qu’une intensification des pratiques sylvicoles résultait en une augmentation des exportations de minéraux. Enfin, nous avons évalué les performances environnementales des deux filières à l’aide d’une Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV). Dans le contexte énergétique français, les deux systèmes offrent des performances très similaires, avec un léger avantage à la combustion. Du point de vue du changement climatique, il serait plus particulièrement bénéfique de développer ces procédés biomasse afin de remplacer les technologies de production d’énergie basées sur les combustibles fossilesBiomass is one of the most promising renewable energy source in Europe. Its use as a substitute to fossil energy is expected to mitigate climate change. However, potential drawbacks are also feared with large scale development. In order to assess the environmental impacts of the biomass-to-energy chain, we firstly developed a model of the bioenergy system, from the forest to the energy production. We focused on two biomass power plants for combined heat and power (CHP) production: one is based on the conventional direct combustion process while the other is based on the more advanced gasification process. Gasification offers higher electrical efficiency, but its development is still facing technical difficulties. In case of the gasification process, we defined the best operating conditions regarding energetic and exergetic efficiencies, as well as the syngas quality requirements. Secondly, we calculated the carbon and mineral flows taken from the forest through energy wood harvesting, along with the forested area required to feed the CHP plant. The other resources and emissions related to the plant operation were also predicted. We observed that more extensive forestry practices led to an increase in the mineral exports. Finally, we evaluated the environmental performance of the two biomass CHP plants using life cycle assessment (LCA). Within French energy context, we found that both CHP technologies had very similar impacts with a slight advantage toward the combustion process. It appears of particular benefit to replace current fossil energy systems with biomass CHP plants to reduce climate change
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Higgins, Stuart James. "Design and Optimization of Post-Combustion CO2 Capture." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80003.
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This dissertation describes the design and optimization of a CO2-capture unit using aqueous amines to remove of carbon dioxide from the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant. In particular we construct a monolithic model of a carbon capture unit and conduct a rigorous optimization to find the lowest solvent regeneration energy yet reported.
Carbon capture is primarily motivated by environmental concerns. The goal of our work is to help make carbon capture and storage (CCS) a more efficient for the sort of universal deployment called for by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to stabilize anthropomorphic contributions to climate change, though there are commercial applications such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
We employ the latest simulation tools from Aspen Tech to rigorously model, design, and optimize acid gas systems. We extend this modeling approach to leverage Aspen Plus in the .NET framework through Microsoft's Component Object Model (COM).
Our work successfully increases the efficiency of acid gas capture. We report a result optimally implementing multiple energy-saving schemes to reach a thermal regeneration energy of 1.67 GJ/tonne. By contrast, the IPCC had reported that leading technologies range from 2.7 to 3.3 GJ/tonne in 2005. Our work has received significant endorsement for industrial implementation by the senior management from the world's second largest chemical corporation, Sinopec, as being the most efficient technology known today.Ph. D.
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Ramirez, Jerome Luigi A. "Modelling a commercial-scale bagasse liquefaction plant using ASPEN Plus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120019/1/Jerome_Ramirez_Thesis.pdf.
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This project modelled a thermal liquefaction industrial facility for biofuel production from sugarcane bagasse using the process modelling software ASPEN Plus. Techno-economic models of liquefaction, pyrolysis and gasification processes were completed to assess the comparative feasibility of these thermochemical biofuel production processes. Model liquefaction biocrudes, were developed in ASPEN Plus using simulated distillation data and this method's utility in modelling biocrudes was validated.
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Nguyen, Hoa Huu. "Modelling of food waste digestion using ADM1 integrated with Aspen Plus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375082/.
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The aim of this research was to produce an integrated modelling platform in which an anaerobic digester could be linked to the other unit operations which serve it, both in maintaining the physical-chemical conditions in the digester and in transforming the digestion products to useful fuel and nutrient sources. Within these system boundaries an accurate mass and energy balance could be determined and further optimised, particularly where the desired energy products are a mix of heat, power, and biomethane. The anaerobic digestion of food waste was choosen as the subject of the research because of its growing popularity and the availability of validation data. Like many other organic substrates, food waste is potentially a good source of renewable energy in the form of biogas through anaerobic digestion. A number of experimental studies have, however, reported difficulties in the digestion of this material which may limit the applicability of the process. These arise from the complexity of the biochemical processes and the interaction between the microbial groups that make up the anaerobic community. When using food waste there is a tendency to accumulate intermediate volatile fatty acid products, and in particular propionic acid, which eventually causes the pH to drop and the digester to fail. Two factors are important in understanding and explaining the changes in the biochemical process that leads to this condition. The first is due to the differential in sensitivity to free ammonia of the two biochemical pathways that lead to methane formation. The acetoclastic methanogenic route is inhibited at a lower concentration than the hydrogenotrophic route, and methane formation therefore occurs almost exclusively via acetate oxidation to CO2 and H2 at high free ammonia concentrations. The accumulation of propionic acid is thought to be because formate, a product of its degradation, cannot be converted to CO2 and H2 as the necessary trace elements to build a formate dehydrogenase enzyme complex are missing. The Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was modified to reflect ammonia inhibition of acertoclastic methanogenesis and an acetate oxidation pathway was added. A further modification was included which allowed a 'metabolic switch' to operate in the model based on the availability of key trace elements. This operated through the H2 feedback inhibition route rather than creating a new set of equations to consider formate oxidation in its own right: the end result is, however, identical in modelling terms. With these two modifications ADM1 could simulate experimental observations from food waste digesters where the total ammoniacal nitrogen(TAN) concentration exceeded 4 gN l-1. Under these conditions acetate accumulation is first seen, followed by proprionate accumulation, but with the subsequent decrease in acetate until a critical pH is reached. The ADM1 model was implemented in MATLAB with these modifications incorporated. The second part of the research developed an energy model which linked ADM1 to the mechanical processes for biogas upgrading, Combined Heat and Power (CHP)production, and the digester mixing system. The energy model components were developed in the framework of the Aspen Plus modelling platform, with sub-units for processes not available in the standard Aspen Package being developed in Fortran, MS Excel or using the Aspen Simulation Workbook (ASW). This integration of the process components allows accurate sizing of the CHP and direct heating units required for an anaerobic digestion plant designed for fuel grade methane production. Based on the established model and its sub-modules, a number of case studies were developed. To this end the modified ADM1 was applied to mesophilic digestion of Sugar Beet Pulp to observe how the modified ADM1 responded to different substrate types. Secondly, to assess the capability of adding further mechanical processes the model was used to integrate and optimise single stage biogas upgrading. Finally, the digestion of food waste in the municipal solid waste stream of urban areas in Vietnam was considered.
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Olofsson, Fanny, and Henrik Halvarsson. "SMALL SCALE ENERGY CONVERSION OF PLASTIC WASTE : Identification of gasification process parameters through modelling in Aspen Plus." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49162.
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The present work investigates further development of a small-scale fixed bed batch operating gasification pilot system intended to be used as a waste-to-energy process to reduce littering of PET-bottles on Pemba Island in Tanzania. By developing a simplified gasification model and identifying the most important parameters to obtain a syngas with a lower heating value suitable for combustion and maximizing the overall efficiency and cold gas efficiency. By a literature study the most important parameters were identified along with how the methodology for developing the model and selection of modelling software. The model was developed as an equilibrium-based model in Aspen Plus representing the pilot system, the most important parameters was identified as equivalence ratio and temperature. Multiple scenarios, regarding sensitivity analysis of these parameters was conducted to determine how the outcome of the process was affected. The model was validated against a reference study and was proven to be accurate with small variations. High content of methane and carbon monoxide promoted the highest lower heating value which was at an equivalence ratio of 0.25 and a temperature of 450°C, which also indicated the highest overall efficiency. Increasing the temperature favoured the carbon monoxide content and the cold gas efficiency but indicated a decrease in lower heating value and overall efficiency. It was concluded that the optimal operational conditions were at an equivalence ratio at 0.25 and a temperature at 450°C. At these conditions, the formation of by-products from the gasification is higher than at higher equivalence ratios and temperature which needs to be further investigated through experimental work. It was also concluded that the system could benefit to operate in a semi- batch configuration with a higher equivalence ratio to utilize the excess heat from the process.
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Jurado, Pontes Nelia. "Experimental and modelling studies of coal/biomass oxy-fuel combustion in a pilot-scale PF combustor." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9310.
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This thesis focuses on enhancing knowledge on co-firing oxy-combustion cycles to boost development of this valuable technology towards the aim of it becoming an integral part of the energy mix. For this goal, the present work has addressed the engineering issues with regards to operating a retrofitted multi-fuel combustor pilot plant, as well as the development of a rate-based simulation model designed using Aspen Plus®. This model can estimate the gas composition and adiabatic flame temperatures achieved in the oxy-combustion process using coal, biomass, and coal-biomass blends. The fuels used for this study have been Daw Mill coal, El Cerrejon coal and cereal co-product. A parametric study has been performed using the pilot-scale 100kWth oxy-combustor at Cranfield University and varying the percentage of recycle flue gas, the type of recycle flue gas (wet or dry), and the excess oxygen supplied to the burner under oxy-firing conditions. Experimental trials using co-firing with air were carried out as well in order to establish the reference cases. From these tests, experimental data on gas composition (including SO3 measurement), temperatures along the rig, heat flux in the radiative zone, ash deposits characterisation (using ESEM/EDX and XRD techniques), carbon in fly ash, and acid dew point in the recycle path (using an electrochemical noise probe), were obtained. It was clearly shown during the three experimental campaigns carried out, that a critical parameter was that of minimising the air ingress into the process as it was shown to change markedly the chemistry inside the oxy-combustor. Finally, part of the experimental data collected (related to gas composition and temperatures) has been used to validate the kinetic simulation model developed in Aspen Plus®. For this validation, a parametric study considering the factor that most affect the oxy-combustion process (the above mentioned excess amount of air ingress) was varied. The model was found to be in a very good agreement with the empirical results regarding the gas composition.
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Raja, Kintali Vivek. "Optimization of Biodiesel Production using Aspen Plus." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6786/1/Optimization_Raja_2015.pdf.
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With the continuous increase in energy demand and also simultaneously depletion of fossil fuels made it necessary to research of other alternative sustainable sources of energy. The most promising alternatives include biofuels, especially biodiesel. Here ASPEN Plus software is utilized for a better understanding of models, procedures associated with producing biodiesel. Analyses were also conducted by varying operating parameters to find out how they affect separation throughout the process. In this project, different models and configurations for producing biodiesel are considered. Models for both trans-esterification and esterification process are designed. In each model, parametric study is done to find optimum parameters at which maximum conversion is obtained and also process is modeled such that heat duty is minimized. Sensitivity analyses are also carried to analyze behavior of all components.
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Mahapatra, N. "Design and Simulation of Cumene Plant using Aspen Plus." Thesis, 2010. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1746/1/nirlipt_ethesis.pdf.
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Cumene production process is gaining importance and so the process needs to be studied and better ideas suggested such that the production cost is reduced. With the advent of computers and simulating software like ASPEN PLUS® it is possible to design and optimize a particular process. Proper design can significantly reduce production cost as well as provide make the process safe and reduce environmental hazards. It has been identified from previous research papers that the cost of materials used is much higher than the cost of energy needed for the process. The materials, unit operations and processes involved are identified. Steady state simulation is done. Each unit is taken into consideration and the variables are optimized. The units are sequentially optimized in the order in which they appear in the rough flow sheet. Use of newer equipments in the process is suggested. The reactor system on being optimised by an equilibrium based approach gave the operating temperature as 360 C and 6:1 Benzene: Propylene ratio in feed. The distillation columns were optimised and the number of trays for benzene column was found to be 20 by 8 and that for cumene column to be 20 by 10. The reflux ratio values were found to be 0.5 and 0.8 respectively for the columns. The optimised temperature for flashing was identified as 92.5 C. The modified flow sheet of the optimised process was prepared which gives the values of all the optimised variables in detail.
Keywords: Simulation, Optimization, Cumene, Benzene, distillation, reactor
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Bala, Pritam Kumar. "Steady State Simulation of Extractive Distillation System Using Aspen Plus." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7115/1/Steady_Bala_2015.pdf.
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In this project work, we report Aspen-plus simulation results of an azeotropic system viz. isopropanol-water which forms a minimum boiling azeotrope. Because of its large scale industrial application, separation of isopropanol-water mixture using the distillation process gained prominence. In this work, two routes were followed leading to the simulation. The first involved more conventional extractive distillation mechanism where Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as an entrainer. A percentage purity of 99.9% was achieved w.r.t isopropanol in the distillate or top product. However, a significant percentage of DMSO remained in the bottom product. Since the recovery of DMSO was critical, another auxiliary column was configured with the main scheme and a recovery of more than 99% was achieved as the bottom product from the second column. Since this process involved two distillation columns, a relatively more contemporary and modern distillation mechanism was resorted to viz. divided wall distillation process. Improvisations were made in the flow sheet to mimic divided wall distillation mechanism as Aspen-plus don’t have such specific simulator. The results were comparable to what was achieved in extractive distillation process.
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Choudhary, Sanjana Anand. "Simulation Analysis of A Propane Recovery Plant from Using ASPEN PLUS." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7040/1/Simulation_Choudhary_2015.pdf.
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Natural gas is a good source of various hydrocarbon compounds, but, alkanes with three or more number of carbon atoms in there chain are of greater value as fuels as well as pure components. A cryogenic plant is setup to recover propane, butane, and other heavier alkanes with two operating distillation columns; de-methanizer and de-ethanizer. The available software Aspen Plus is used to simulate this cryogenic plant to serve the purpose of recovery .This software facilitates us to infer the impact of the operating variables on the efficiency of the plant. The use of cryogenic plants for this purpose is a latest project carried on just by a few companies, so the idea here is to analyse the operating variables to optimize the recovery
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Raosaheb, Parkhe Shashank. "Steady State Simulation of an Azeotropic Distillation System Using Aspen Plus." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7113/1/Steady_Raosaheb_2015.pdf.
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Ethanol-water forms homogeneous minimum boiling azeotrope and it has most common occurrence in many industrial processes. There are various techniques exist to separate azeotropic compositions. In this work we studied the basic features of azeotropic distillation using Aspen plus simulation. Since entrainers are indispensable in separating constant boiling mixtures, in this work, performances of three different entrainers were studied viz. benzene, n-pentane and cyclohexane. The effect of various process variables viz. reflux-ratio and distillate rate on the purity of the final products was studied in detail. RadFrac simulator was used to study the distillation process and NRTL method was used as the base thermodynamic method. It has been found out after simulation that cyclohexane performed best where maximum purity of ethanol (99.91%) was obtained closely followed by n-pentane (99.84%) and benzene (99.77%) as entrainers. The optimum number of stages were 25 (for n-pentane), 45 each for benzene and cyclohexane respectively.
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Kumar, S. "Modelling and Simulation of Ethyl Acetate Reactive Distillation Column using ASPEN PLUS." Thesis, 2010. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1944/1/3-joined.pdf.
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In this thesis, we study the modeling and simulation of a reactive distillation column for the production of ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethyl alcohol using ASPENPLUS. Starting from a conventional configuration, which involves feeding in a single tray, different configuration is proposed and various specifications are studied for the attainment of higher conversion and purity at the steady state. In ASPEN DYNAMICS an analysis of the column dynamics is then performed. Cascade control structure is studied for the base design.
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Szatkowski, Austin Edward. "Modeling carbon dioxide capture from a supercritical power plant with ASPEN Plus." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1463980.
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Javaji, S. K. "Study of Dynamic Behavior of Ethyl Acetate Reactive Distillation Column Using ASPEN PLUS." Thesis, 2009. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1532/1/10500022.pdf.
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Reactive distillation (RD), the combination of chemical reaction and distillation in a single unit operation, has proven to be advantageous over conventional process systems consisting of separate reactor and distillation units. But the dynamic behavior of process is difficult to study. In this thesis, a reactive distillation column for ethyl acetate production has been created in ASPEN user interface. Steady state simulations are done in ASPEN user interface and the effect of reflux ratio on the composition of ethyl acetate in the distillate is studied. In ASPEN DYNAMICS the composition control studies for ethyl acetate purity has been studied both in the distillate and in the bottoms.
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Plaza, Jorge Mario. "Modeling of carbon dioxide absorption using aqueous monoethanolamine, piperazine and promoted potassium carbonate." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-4952.
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Rigorous CO₂ absorption models were developed for aqueous 4.5 m K+/4.5 m PZ, monoethanolamine (7m - 9m), and piperazine (8m) in Aspen Plus® RateSepTM. The 4.5 m K+/4.5 m PZ model uses the Hilliard thermodynamic representation and kinetics based on work by Chen. The MEA (Phoenix) and PZ (5deMayo) models incorporate new data for partial pressure of CO₂ vs. loading and kinetics from wetted wall column data. They use reduced reaction sets based on the more relevant species present at the expected operating loading. Kinetics were regressed to match reported carbon dioxide flux data using a wetted wall column (WWC). Density and viscosity were satisfactorily regressed to match newly obtained experimental data. The activity coefficient of CO₂ was also regressed to include newly obtained CO₂ solvent solubility data. The models were reconciled and validated using pilot plant data obtained from five campaigns conducted at the Pickle Research Center. Performance was matched within 10% of NTU for most runs. Temperature profiles are adequately represented in all campaigns. The calculated temperature profiles showed the effect of the L/G on the location and magnitude of the temperature bulge. As the L/G is increased the temperature bulge moves from near the top of the column towards the bottom and its magnitude decreases. Performance improvement due to intercooling was validated across the campaigns that evaluated this process option. Absorber intercooling was studied using various solvent rates (Lmin, 1.1 Lmin and 1.2 Lmin). It is most effective at the critical L/G where the temperature bulge without intercooling is in the middle of the column. In this case it will allow for higher absorption by reducing the magnitude of the bulge temperature. The volume of packing to get 90% removal with L/Lmin =1.1 at the critical L/G is reduced by 30% for 8m PZ. For MEA and a solvent flow rate of 1.1 Lmin packing volume is increased with intercooling at constant L/G. This increase is compensated by higher solvent loadings that suggest lower stripping energy requirements. The critical L/G is 4.3 for 8m PZ, 6.9 for 9m MEA and 4.1 for K+/PZ.text
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Tenneti, Srinivas. "Design of Auto Mix Single Stage Anaerobic Digester and Aspen Plus Simulation for Biogas Production." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7690/1/2015_Design_Srinivas.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bio fuels have been considered to be the viable alternatives and the supportive sources for the depleting fossil fuels under the objective of satisfying the energy demand. The work explored the possibility of biogas production in various operational scales. The present work can be categorized into two parts. In the first part, the work has surveyed various digester designs under operation and focused on the mixing and intermittent aeration that are not under light in the regular practice. The digester gas collector configuration that could promote the mixing and intermittent aeration was designed. The setup was run on 20 L scale with an objective of observing the gas production phenomenon. The recommended operational solutions were modified and implemented in the form of a 50 L digester setup to observe the performance improvements in attaining self-buffering capacity and sensitivity to the acidic feed stocks. Further suggested modifications lead to the final design that could promote intermittent aeration and mix the digester constituents without the use of impeller and with minimal or no power consumption depending on the amount of gas produced. An advanced design called compartmental digester design was next presented for the medium to large scale applications which was run on 200 L scale in a semi continuous mode using cow dung as substrate and was tested for the feasibility. The second part of our work focused on simulation of a two stage anaerobic digester configuration for studying the kinetics of hydrolysis, acidogenesis and acetogenesis and methanogenesis in three different reactors. In this study, kitchen waste stream were analysed for biogas production which was compared with the results of NISARGRUNA biogas plant (BARC) for the validation of the model and the model with same kinetics was then used to analyse the gas production from poultry manure
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Adil, Anam. "Methanol Synthesis from Simulated Bio-syngas: Experimental and Modeling Studies." Thesis, 2023. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/6186.
Full textAbstract:
Methanol is increasingly being considered as an alternative fuel due to its potential to reduce environmental pollution and its ability to be used directly in internal combustion engines without any engine modification. This study focuses on using biomass as a source for methanol synthesis. The use of biomass for methanol synthesis has two main advantages: it addresses the air pollution caused by biomass incineration, and it generates value-added chemicals from waste biomass. In this work, the suitability and profitability of producing methanol from biomass-derived syngas (bio-syngas) were investigated. Methanol is typically produced in industries by catalytic conversion of syngas obtained from the steam methane reforming process (SMR). However, syngas obtained from biomass gasification is a relatively newer route since this process generates syngas with lower H2 and higher CO2 content.
The hydrogen content in biomass is only 5-7%, in comparison to the carbon value of 48-52%, making the choice of gasifying agent and gasifier design crucial as it determines the H2 percentage and tar content in the syngas. Thus, the simulated syngas composition obtained from oxy-steam downdraft gasification was chosen as an input for studying its effect on the final methanol yield. Thermodynamic analysis of methanol generation from both bio-syngas and SMR showed that methanol yield is sensitive to temperature, pressure, and stoichiometric number (S) in both cases. The optimized methanol yield was achieved at 61.87% for SMR-based syngas and 39.54% for bio-syngas at 483 K and 5 MPa, respectively.
Before developing an Aspen Plus® model for biomass to methanol (B2M) conversion, a kinetic-based downdraft gasification model was developed in Aspen Plus® software. The model included tar kinetics and considered the downdraft gasification process in four separate zones with major reaction kinetics. The model was validated with literature data for different feedstocks and three different gasifying agents: air, oxygen, and oxy-steam. And as for the methanol generation system, limited literature was available for methanol production via bio-syngas. This thesis includes experiments with simulated bio-syngas composition for methanol production. Methanol synthesis experiments were performed in a high-pressure reactor using commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts. The experimental values were used for the validation of the Aspen Plus® methanol kinetic model. The methanol yield values were optimized for the parameters like temperature, pressure and the S for the methanol reactor setup. These optimized values of the parameter were then considered for the B2M process optimization as well.
Surrogate models were created using multi-variable analysis to predict and optimize the methanol yield value for the entire B2M process. The model predicts that the maximum achievable methanol yield was 37.77% for bio-syngas. This can be achieved at a gasification condition where the Equivalence Ratio (ER), temperature, Steam to Biomass Ratio (SBR) values were 0.2, 1173 K, and 4, respectively.
Finally, a techno-economic analysis of B2M process was done to assess the feasibility of this new alternative route in comparison to the existing natural gas reforming process for methanol synthesis. The techno-economic studies show that biomass to methanol technology can be developed in a country like India where surplus biomass is available. This process becomes economically viable at a methanol selling price of Rs 28 per litre or 0.3 Euro per litre and above a plant capacity of 2000 Tonnes per day of methanol production.
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Cheung, Miranda. "Modelling of the nickel and cobalt kinetics during pressure acid leaching of laterites using Aspen Plus 11.1TM and OLI." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=94882&T=F.
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