Journal articles on the topic 'Asian mode of production'
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Lee, Ho-Young. "The Asian mode of production of Japanese Manga Higajima -The protests of the Political Structure and Asian mode of production." Cartoon and Animation Studies s25, no. 1 (December 31, 2011): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7230/koscas.2011.25.1.109.
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Janthongpan, Surat, Wanchai Rattanawong, and Nanthi Suthikarnnarunai. "Intelligent System for Transportation Mode Selection in ASEAN Countries." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010361.
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations: ASEAN is an organization of ten countries in Southeast Asia consisting of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. One of the major purposes of Asean is to create the Asean Economic Community: AEC as an economic organization. The mission of the AEC is to develop a single market and develop production base to be stable prosperous, highly competitive and economically, integrated with effective facilitation for trade and investment including a free flow of goods, services, investment, skilled labors and capital . This paper focuses on investigating the constraint within the three major modes of transportation (Air Sea and Truck) and reviewing the major factor influenced mode selection of the trading organization in Asean countries. Whilst constraints and complexities exist particularly within different countries, products values, lead time, a lack of knowledge on the condition of each transportation mode of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME). At the time for those requirements can result in business limitation and restrictions. The results of research will lead to the design of an intelligent transportation system program that will not only illustrate solution for the trading organization in Asean countries but also provide variable costing and accurate transit time as management tools for users.
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Wu, Shelley Yijung, and Dan Battey. "The Cultural Production of Racial Narratives About Asian Americans in Mathematics." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 52, no. 5 (November 2021): 581–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc-2020-0122.
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Although considerable literature illustrates how students’ experiences and identities are racialized in mathematics education, little attention has been given to Asian American students. Employing ethnographic methods, this study followed 10 immigrant Chinese-heritage families to explore how the racial narrative of the model minority myth was locally produced in mathematics education. We draw on constructs of racial narratives and cultural production to identify the local production of the narrative Asians are smart and good at math during K–12 schooling. Specifically, the Asian American students (re)produced racial narratives related to three cultural resources: (a) Their immigrant parents’ narratives about the U.S. elementary school mathematics curriculum; (b) the school mathematics student tracking system; and (c) students’ locally generated racial narratives about what being Asian means.
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de Zwart, Pim. "Commodity Production and Indigenous Institutions in Southeast Asian Long-Run Economic Development." International Review of Social History 65, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859020000528.
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AbstractThe Making of a Periphery makes three important claims. First, commodity export production does not necessarily result in peripheralization, which is defined as economic stagnation, depressed wages and impoverishment. Second, peripheralization is instead influenced by the specific mode of production of export commodities. Third, the mode of production is crucially determined by demographic growth and patron-client relationships. This essay investigates these claims using a variety of economic and demographic data on Southeast Asia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is shown that specialization in primary commodity exports does lower long-term economic growth rates and that indigenous institutions regarding family systems and property rights play an important role in the patterns of economic development.
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Nureev, Rustem M., and Petr A. Orekhovsky. "Discussions about The Asian Mode of Production (The Political Economy of Socialism: The Cognitive Deadlock of The 1970s)." Journal of Economic Regulation 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 006–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2021.12.2.006-021.
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The paper examines the history of discussions about the Asian mode of production in the USSR, associated with understanding the nature of socialism. Initial interest in the Asian mode of production was associated with the national liberation movements in China and the Middle East, which were supported by the Comintern in the 1920s. The political and economic structure of these countries was not capitalist, but also not feudal. This required the actualization of Marx's ideas and the development of a political strategy to find allies of the communists. Discussions at this time were between supporters of the Asian mode of production and those who considered it a special version of slavery and feudalism. In the 1970s. there is a turn in the interpretation of the Asian way and understanding of socialism, associated with criticism of totalitarianism (Wittfogel) and the bourgeois top of the communist parties (Djilas, Voslensky). K.–A. Wittfogel was one of the first to transfer the concept of the Asian mode of production to the economies of the USSR and Nazi Germany, substantiating the phenomena of total terror, total submission and total alienation. He views Soviet socialism as an institutional mutant, a totalitarian version of state capitalism that has no future and is based on terror. Subsequently R.M. Nureev draws parallels with the Soviet economy in his work on pre-capitalist formations. An interpretation of socialism arises not as a new, advanced social order, but, on the contrary, as a society with backward, non-market institutions. Terror in this case does not play such an important role. The main thing is bureaucratic, non-economic redistribution of products and incomes. The Asian mode of production is considered by Marxists as a transitional method from a social formation to an economic (exploitative) one, and socialism is also a transitional method (from an economic formation to a social one). The transitional methods are characterized by common features – a mixture of advanced elements with backward ones. As a result, Nureev's research did not evoke such a negative attitude as the work of Wittfogel, Djilas, Voslensky. In the late 1970s – early 1980s the concept of «power – property» is formed, which reinforces this interpretation. The recognition of its truth is a delegitimization of the existing social order, and nevertheless, it is rapidly spreading among historians and political economists who adhere to the Marxist interpretation of social processes. This is a striking characteristic of the cognitive deadlock of the political economy of socialism, which, in fact, denies itself. Subsequently the concept of power – property is used to characterize the development trajectory of post-socialist states. Similar views on institutional evolution appear in the Western mainstream (D. North, D. Acemoglu). However, researchers have a «blind spot»: when applying the concept of power – property to Russia, they ignore the proliferation of oligarchy in rich countries. In this respect, the old Marxist approach continues to be relevant and radical in upholding democratic values
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Tannenbaum, Nicola. "Galactic Polities, the Asiatic Mode of Production and Peasant-States: Southeast Asian Pre-Modern Polities." Australian Journal of Anthropology 4, no. 1 (April 1993): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1993.tb00167.x.
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Witek, Michał. "The changing face of the “Yellow Peril” — representations of Asians and Asian Americans in the context of the “streaming revolution” in the United States." Prace Kulturoznawcze 24, no. 4 (January 10, 2021): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.24.4.2.
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The aim of this article is a critical analysis of the changing landscape of American streaming and post-network television content offer in the context of Asians’ and Asian Americans’ representations. The focus of this analysis is primarily on the stereotypes — the mechanisms behind their construction and deconstruction, and their role in the shaping of the popular image of Asians and Asian Americans. The secondary goal is the attempt to show how the culturally constructed Other is constantly present in the common imagination of the TV and cinema audience, and how this construct influences production companies, audiences, and showrunners in the USA. The question of the postulated “change” in the representation of Asian and Asian Americans, and their visibility remains open for further debate. However, I have attempted to restrict it to the model example of two series over the past twenty years.
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Alekhina, Natalya V., and Sergey A. Klyusov. "HISTORY OF ANCIENT ROME AS A CONFIRMATION OF THE RELEVANCEOF THE ASIAN MODE OF PRODUCTION CONCEPT." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and Political Science), no. 4 (2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2021-4-141-149.
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Jones, Craig. "A Value Chain Approach to Support Southeast Asian Economic Regionalism." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 7, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v7i1.5009.
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This article includes an exploration of the economic data sets of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Statistics, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund, as well as primary regional economic initiatives and agreements to assess the strategic indicators of economic regionalism using thematic analysis. The aim of this research is to determine how Southeast Asian regionalism can circumvent vulnerabilities to another economic crisis in North America and the European Union. To correct such financial vulnerabilities, ASEAN has significantly remolded the region into a single market consisting of a 10-nation integrated production base. The ASEAN Economic Community’s main pillars are the establishment of a regional economic foundation based on comprehensive investment initiatives; the liberalization of capital markets, tariffs, and professional labor; infrastructure connectivity; regional policy integration; and free trade agreements to create a regional value chain as part of a single market and production base. The more attainable this comprehensive value-capture-and-integration process becomes, the more attractive it will appear to the global economic investment community and for business opportunities to establish a robust regional foundation. Although the process appears straightforward, capturing value is not a single phenomenon or method, but rather a multifaceted phenomenon, as explored in this study. The regional integration model seeks profitability within effective cross-border production networks and regional liberalization.
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Baymurzaev, Azamat Dosmurzaevich. "Advantages of civilization approach to studying the development of society." International Journal on Integrated Education 2, no. 6 (January 8, 2020): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i6.252.
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The article is devoted to one of the problems of the methodology of the social - humanitarian sciences. The author considers the weaknesses of the formation approach in connection with the problem of the “Asian mode of production”. It is concluded that the civilization approach allows us to more broadly consider the development of society than the formational approach.
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Francois, Joseph F., and Ganeshan Wignaraja. "Economic Implications of Asian Integration." Global Economy Journal 8, no. 3 (July 29, 2008): 1850139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1332.
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The Asian countries are once again focused on options for large, comprehensive regional integration schemes. In this paper we explore the implications of such broad-based regional trade initiatives in Asia, highlighting the bridging of the East and South Asian economies. We place emphasis on the alternative prospects for insider and outsider countries. We work with a global general equilibrium model of the world economy, benchmarked to a projected 2017 sets of trade and production patterns. We also work with gravity-model based estimates of trade costs linked to infrastructure, and of barriers to trade in services. Taking these estimates, along with tariffs, into our CGE model, we examine regionally narrow and broad agreements, all centered on extending the reach of ASEAN to include free trade agreements with combinations of the northeast Asian economies (PRC, Japan, Korea) and also the South Asian economies. We focus on a stylized FTA that includes goods, services, and some aspects of trade cost reduction through trade facilitation and related infrastructure improvements. What matters most for East Asia is that China, Japan, and Korea be brought into any scheme for deeper regional integration. This matter alone drives most of the income and trade effects in the East Asia region across all of our scenarios. The inclusion of the South Asian economies in a broader regional agreement sees gains for the East Asian and South Asian economies. Most of the East Asian gains follow directly from Indian participation. The other South Asian players thus stand to benefit if India looks East and they are a part of the program, and to lose if they are not. Interestingly, we find that with the widest of agreements, the insiders benefit substantively in terms of trade and income while the aggregate impact on outside countries is negligible. Broadly speaking, a pan-Asian regional agreement would appear to cover enough countries, with a great enough diversity in production and incomes, to actually allow for regional gains without substantive third-country losses. However, realizing such potential requires overcoming a proven regional tendency to circumscribe trade concessions with rules of origin, NTBs, and exclusion lists. The more likely outcome, a spider web of bilateral agreements, carries with it the prospect of significant outsider costs (i.e. losses) both within and outside the region.
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Nunthayanon, Kulthida, Ei-ichi Honda, Kazuo Shimazaki, Hiroko Ohmori, Maristela Sayuri Inoue-Arai, Tohru Kurabayashi, and Takashi Ono. "Differences in Velopharyngeal Structure during Speech among Asians Revealed by 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Movie Mode." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/126264.
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Objective.Different bony structures can affect the function of the velopharyngeal muscles. Asian populations differ morphologically, including the morphologies of their bony structures. The purpose of this study was to compare the velopharyngeal structures during speech in two Asian populations: Japanese and Thai.Methods.Ten healthy Japanese and Thai females (five each) were evaluated with a 3-Tesla (3 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner while they produced vowel-consonant-vowel syllable (/asa/). A gradient-echo sequence, fast low-angle shot with segmented cine and parallel imaging technique was used to obtain sagittal images of the velopharyngeal structures.Results.MRI was carried out in real time during speech production, allowing investigations of the time-to-time changes in the velopharyngeal structures. Thai subjects had a significantly longer hard palate and produced shorter consonant than Japanese subjects. The velum of the Thai participants showed significant thickening during consonant production and their retroglossal space was significantly wider at rest, whereas the dimensional change during task performance was similar in the two populations.Conclusions.The 3 T MRI movie method can be used to investigate velopharyngeal function and diagnose velopharyngeal insufficiency. The racial differences may include differences in skeletal patterns and soft-tissue morphology that result in functional differences for the affected structures.
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Thorbecke, Willem. "Enjoying the Fruits of Their Labor: Redirecting Exports to Asian Consumers." Asian Development Review 32, no. 2 (September 2015): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00053.
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There has been an explosion in the amount of parts and components traded within East Asian production networks. The People's Republic of China (PRC) has emerged as the final assembly point for the goods produced. These goods then flow primarily outside of the region. When the global financial crisis (GFC) occurred, the decrease in Western demand led to a synchronized decline in Asian exports. If more final goods could flow to Asian consumers, it would provide insurance against another slowdown in the rest of the world. This paper uses a gravity model to investigate if emerging Asia is importing fewer consumption goods than predicted. The results indicate that since the GFC, the PRC and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have imported more final goods than expected. Nevertheless, their consumption imports per capita are orders of magnitude lower than those of developed economies. This highlights the need for further growth in emerging Asia.
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Kolganov, A. "To the critique of the “power-property” concept." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2017): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-7-79-95.
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In the article theoretical and methodological grounds of the “power-property” concept and its implementation in the research of socio-economic formations - ancient eastern societies, Middle-age, Soviet and contemporary Russia - are analyzed. The author intends to show the fallacy of the rejection (which is inherent for this position) of the methodology based on materialistic interpretation of social phenomena. The fruitfulness of the explanation of economic formation of society and the system of property, based on the specificity of the mode of production, not on the authorities of power, is demonstrated. The discrepancy of the “power-property” concept with the facts, characterizing economic formation of ancient eastern society and Middle-age Russia is shown, and wrongfulness of approximation of the economic system of socialism with that of “Asian mode of production” is explained.
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Hajimuratov, A. "Historical Aspects of the Emergence and Development of the Asian Type of Entrepreneurship." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/43.
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The history of the development of entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan is considered. In the development of market relations and the sprouting of entrepreneurship, the so-called “Asian mode of production” had its own color. The penetration of large business capital into the irrigation of the land of Turkestan marked the beginning of the end of small peasant fragmented farming in this region. In conclusion, the author concludes that the historical and economic role of the entrepreneurial movement in the irrigation construction of Uzbekistan is relevant at the present stage.
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Paul, Sujan Chandra, Nusrat Jahan, Md Mehedi Hassan, and Tandra Mondal. "Nexus Between FDI and Production Indices: Evidence from Asian Countries." Asian Journal of Empirical Research 11, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007.2021.114.33.40.
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This study aims to explore the effect of foreign direct investment on different types of production indices and some other variables. For this, panel data of 46 countries from Asia was accumulated for the time frame of 1991 to 2018. This paper employed the OLS, POLS, 2SLS, and GMM models. The study reveals that there is a favorable association between foreign direct investment and food production index and fertilizer consumption in all the models used in the study. Livestock production index has significant positive association with foreign direct investment in POLS and GMM models. Crop yield has major positive association with regards to foreign direct investment in all mentioned models except GMM. Land under cereal production has significant positive association in respect of foreign direct investment in OLS and 2SLS models. Crop production index has significant mixed association with foreign direct investment in different models. In POLS model, crop production index and foreign direct investment has significant inverse relationship and in GMM model, crop production index and foreign direct investment has significant positive correlation. Finally, permanent cropland has significant negative relationship with regards to foreign direct investment derived from OLS and 2SLS models.
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Viter, Anna, Sándor J. Zsarnóczai, and László Vasa. "Climate change impact on crop production in Central Asian Countries." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2015/4/10.
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Increased risk due to global warming has already become embedded in agricultural decision making in Central Asia and uncertainties are projected to increase even further. Agro-ecology and economies of Central Asia are heterogeneous and very little is known about the impact of climate change at the subnational levels. The bio-economic farm model is used for ex-ante assessment of climate change impacts at sub-national levels in Central Asia. The bio-economic farm model is calibrated to ten farming systems in Central Asia based on the household survey and crop growth experiment data. The production uncertainties and the adaptation options of agricultural producers to changing environments are considered paramount in the simulations. Very large differences in climate change impacts across the studied farming systems are found. The positive income gains in large-scale commercial farms in the northern regions of Kazakhstan and negative impact in small-scale farms in arid zones of Tajikistan are likely to happen. Producers in Kyrgyzstan may expect higher revenues but also higher income volatilities in the future. Agricultural producers in Uzbekistan may benefit in the near future but may lose their income in the distant future. The negative impacts could be further aggravated in arid zones of Central Asia if irrigation water availability decline due to climate change and water demand increase in upstream regions. The scenario simulations show that market liberalization and improved commodity exchange between the countries have very good potential to cope with the negative consequences of climate change.
JEL classification: Q11, Q18
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Kumar, Ann. "MASON C. HOADLEY, Towards a Feudal Mode of Production: West Java, 1680-1800. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies/Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 1994. 241 pp." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 41, no. 1 (1998): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520982601395.
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Tan, Marcus. "Harmonic Reveries: The Intercultural Signifiance of Lear Dreaming." Recherches sémiotiques 35, no. 2-3 (August 31, 2018): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051073ar.
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Lear Dreaming (2012) is an offspring of, and sequel to, the (in)famous multi-cultural pan-Asian collage Lear (1997), in which director and creator Ong Keng Sen employed a diversity of Asian performance traditions to reimagine and reconceive Shakespeare’s tragedy. The soundscape of Lear Dreaming reverberates with the (dis)harmonies and dissonance of electronic synth sounds, gamelan music, pipa songs and Korean jeongak; it places modernity, tradition, contemporaneity and custom in auditory confrontation. With only one actor surrounded by eight musicians, this acoustic interplay is further interjected with the oral patterns of Noh speech, the musicality of Mandarin Chinese and sonorities of Bahasa Indonesia. As a piece of postdramatic “music theatre”, I demonstrate how Lear Dreaming advances intercultural theatrical practice as a sonic performative. In its interplay of Asian performance cultures in/as sonic space, the production posits an alternative performative mode where the intercultural is the acoustic. This paper critically examines the acoustic strategy employed by Ong and analyses the soundscape of Lear Dreaming – the harmonies, harmonics, distortions and discordance – to consider issues of signification, representation, signifiance and the sublime in the performance of Asian inter-culturalisms.
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Thu, Nguyen, and Tran Thanh. "Trade facilitation performance influences on ASEAN trade flows." Ekonomski horizonti 23, no. 3 (2021): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor2103275n.
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) considers trade facilitation as a driving force in forming a single market and a single production base. This paper constructs an ASEAN scorecard for measuring the performance of trade facilitation strategic plans by ASEAN member states. Next, a structural gravity model is used in the paper in order to estimate the trade facilitation performance influence on ASEAN trade flows. The fact that the indicator of easing Nontariff Barriers (NTBs) and institutional coordination, on the one hand, and the ASEAN member states' engagement indicator, on the other, had the highest enforcement scores in ASEAN in the period 2017-2019. Those two indicators also exert the biggest influence on ASEAN trade flows, especially ASEAN extra-regional trade.
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Cheung, H. C., C. C. K. Chou, M. J. Chen, W. R. Huang, S. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, and C. S. L. Lee. "Seasonal variations of ultra-fine and submicron aerosols in Taipei, Taiwan: implications for particle formation processes in a subtropical urban area." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 3 (February 5, 2016): 1317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1317-2016.
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Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the seasonal variations in the physicochemical properties of atmospheric ultra-fine particles (UFPs, d ≤ 100 nm) and submicron particles (PM1, d ≤ 1 µm) in an east Asian urban area, which are hypothesized to be affected by the interchange of summer and winter monsoons. An observation experiment was conducted at TARO (Taipei Aerosol and Radiation Observatory), an urban aerosol station in Taipei, Taiwan, from October 2012 to August 2013. The measurements included the mass concentration and chemical composition of UFPs and PM1, as well as the particle number concentration (PNC) and the particle number size distribution (PSD) with size range of 4–736 nm. The results indicated that the mass concentration of PM1 was elevated during cold seasons with a peak level of 18.5 µg m−3 in spring, whereas the highest concentration of UFPs was measured in summertime with a mean of 1.64 µg m−3. Moreover, chemical analysis revealed that the UFPs and PM1 were characterized by distinct composition; UFPs were composed mostly of organics, whereas ammonium and sulfate were the major constituents of PM1. The seasonal median of total PNCs ranged from 13.9 × 103 cm−3 in autumn to 19.4 × 103 cm−3 in spring. Median concentrations for respective size distribution modes peaked in different seasons. The nucleation-mode PNC (N4 − 25) peaked at 11.6 × 103 cm−3 in winter, whereas the Aitken-mode (N25 − 100) and accumulation-mode (N100 − 736) PNC exhibited summer maxima at 6.0 × 103 and 3.1 × 103 cm−3, respectively. The change in PSD during summertime was attributed to the enhancement in the photochemical production of condensable organic matter that, in turn, contributed to the growth of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. In addition, clear photochemical production of particles was observed, mostly in the summer season, which was characterized by average particle growth and formation rates of 4.0 ± 1.1 nm h−1 and 1.4 ± 0.8 cm−3 s−1, respectively. The prevalence of new particle formation (NPF) in summer was suggested as a result of seasonally enhanced photochemical oxidation of SO2 that contributed to the production of H2SO4, and a low level of PM10 (d ≤ 10 µm) that served as the condensation sink. Regarding the sources of aerosol particles, correlation analysis of the PNCs against NOx revealed that the local vehicular exhaust was the dominant contributor of the UFPs throughout the year. Conversely, the Asian pollution outbreaks had significant influence in the PNC of accumulation-mode particles during the seasons of winter monsoons. The results of this study implied the significance of secondary organic aerosols in the seasonal variations of UFPs and the influences of continental pollution outbreaks in the downwind areas of Asian outflows.
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Taguchi, Hiroyuki, and Thet Mon Soe. "Myanmar’s Manufacturing Exports After the Lifting of Economic Sanctions." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732521995160.
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This article aims to evaluate Myanmar’s exports of manufacturing products by using a gravity trade model for emerging ASEAN economies. The main focus of this study is to assess whether Myanmar’s manufacturing exports have recovered in terms of the gravity trade standard of the other emerging ASEAN countries for the post-sanction period of 2013–2018. Unlike the previous studies, this article contributes to the literature by targeting the post-sanction period and by applying both in-sample and out-of-sample estimation methods to ensure the consistency and robustness of their results. The main findings from the gravity trade model estimation are summarised as follows: first, Myanmar’s manufacturing exports for the post-sanction period are still significantly below the level of the gravity trade standard. Second, the downward deviation from the standard could be explained by the two Myanmar-specific factors, that is, the low institutional quality and the Dutch Disease effect in Myanmar’s exports to Western countries, but not fully in those to Asian countries. The additional factor for the deviation against Asian countries might come from Myanmar’s sluggish participation in the international production networks. JEL Codes: F14, O53
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Cruz, Denise. "On Dissonance and Its Functions in Asian American Criticism." American Literary History 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab101.
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Abstract Building upon recent work in Asian and Asian American studies, this essay explores dissonance, rather than disinterestedness, and its function and form for literary studies in our present time. It is inspired not only by my rereading of Matthew Arnold’s essay but also the convergence of key events over the course of the last few years, ranging from recent attention to Asian and Asian American cultural production to anti-Asian hate crimes. As an Asian Americanist, I research and teach in a field whose very emergence was tied to activist claims for institutional and disciplinary space. I therefore find it profoundly difficult to imagine our endeavors in American literary studies as “disinterested.” I am less invested in making the case whether or not the study of Asian American literature “matters”; rather, here I explore why Asian American literary studies—a method that seeks out and dwells in dissonance and urgency rather than disinterestedness and patience—might be a model worth continuing.
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Cheung, H. C., C. C. K. Chou, M. J. Chen, W. R. Huang, S. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, and C. S. L. Lee. "Seasonality of ultrafine and sub-micron aerosols and the inferences on particle formation processes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 15 (August 12, 2015): 21803–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-21803-2015.
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Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the seasonal variations in the physicochemical properties of atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs, d ≤ 100nm) and submicron particles (PM1, d ≤ 1 μm) in an East-Asian urban area, which are hypothesized to be affected by the interchange of summer and winter monsoons. An observation experiment was conducted at the TARO, an urban aerosol station in Taipei, Taiwan, from October 2012 to August 2013. The measurements included the mass concentration and chemical composition of UFPs and PM1, as well as the particle number concentration (PNC) and size distribution (PSD) with size range of 4–736 nm. The results indicate that the mass concentration of PM1 was elevated during cold seasons with peak level of 18.5 μg m-3 in spring, whereas the highest UFPs concentration was measured in summertime with a seasonal mean of 1.62 μg m-3. Moreover, chemical analysis revealed that the UFPs and PM1 were characterized by distinct composition; UFPs were composed mostly of organics, whereas ammonium and sulfate were the major constituents in PM1. The seasonal median of total PNCs ranged from 13.9 × 103 cm-3 in autumn to 19.4 × 103 cm-3 in spring. The PSD information retrieved from the corresponding PNC measurements indicates that the nucleation mode PNC (N4–25) peaked at 11.6 × 103 cm-3 in winter, whereas the Aitken mode (N25–100) and accumulation mode (N100–736) exhibited summer maxima at 6.0 × 103 and 3.1 × 103 cm-3, respectively. The shift in PSD during summertime is attributed to the enhancement in the photochemical production of condensable organic matter that, in turn, contributes to the growth of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. In addition, remarkable photochemical production of particles was observed in spring and summer seasons, which was characterized with averaged particle growth and formation rates of 4.3 ± 0.8 nm h-1 and 1.6 ± 0.8 cm-3 s-1, respectively. The prevalence of new particle formation (NPF) in summer is suggested as a result of seasonally enhanced photochemical oxidation of SO2, which contributes to the production of H2SO4, and low level of PM10 (d ≤ 10 μm) that serves as the condensation sink. Regarding the sources of aerosol particles, correlation analysis upon the PNCs against NOx revealed that the local vehicular exhaust was the dominant contributor of the UFPs throughout a year. On the contrary, the Asian pollution outbreaks can have significant influence in the PNC of accumulation mode particles during the seasons of winter monsoons. The results of this study underline the significance of secondary organic aerosols in the seasonal variations of UFPs and the influences of continental pollution outbreaks in the downwind areas of Asian outflows.
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Li, Kin Sum (Sammy), Quanyu Wang, J. Keith Wilson, Fan Jeremy Zhang, Jody Ho Yee Cheung, Tsz Hin Chun, Sum Lam, et al. "DECORATED MODELS, REPLICATION, AND ASSEMBLY LINES FOR BRONZE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN 500 b.c.e. CHINA." Early China 44 (September 2021): 109–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eac.2021.9.
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AbstractThis article examines the earliest examples of replication of bronze objects of complicated structure in China. It uses four quadrupeds from the Freer Gallery (National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution), the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, the British Museum, and the Yūrinkan Museum in Kyōto as examples to illustrate the complex technology required in replicating bronzes. It provides evidence to define identical bronzes and proves that the four quadrupeds shared the same decorated model. The application of section-mold casting, spacers, clay cores, and mold section assemblage will be examined using 3D scanning, X-ray photography, computerized tomography (CT) scanning, and alloy composition analysis.
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BERRY, Chris. "The documentary production process as a counter-public: notes on an inter-Asian mode and the example of Kim Dong-Won." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 4, no. 1 (January 2003): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1464937032000060276.
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Onwuzuruigbo, Ifeanyi. "Indigenising Eurocentric sociology: The ‘captive mind’ and five decades of sociology in Nigeria." Current Sociology 66, no. 6 (April 27, 2017): 831–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117704242.
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Over the years, the social sciences and related disciplines in postcolonial societies have agitated against the dominant Eurocentric mode of knowledge production. In this case, the grouse against Eurocentric knowledge production is that it undermines attempts at indigenising Eurocentric sociology in Nigeria. This article is an engagement with efforts to evolve a Nigerian sociology. It draws upon the concept of the captive mind, developed by Syed Hussein Alatas, a Southeast Asian intellectual, to critically explore the indigenisation of sociology in Nigeria. In doing so, the article explores the development and entrenchment of Eurocentric sociology as well as attempts at indigenising it over five decades of the production of sociological knowledge in Nigerian universities. It portrays the ways in which the ‘captive’ Nigerian sociologists, students of sociology and the antagonistic material conditions of producing and propagating knowledge connive against the indigenisation of sociology in Nigeria.
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Lavelle, Katherine L. "“One of These Things Is Not Like the Others”: Linguistic Representations of Yao Ming in NBA Game Commentary." International Journal of Sport Communication 4, no. 1 (March 2011): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.4.1.50.
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The re/production of Chinese cultural identity is often fraught with contradictions. When China’s Yao Ming was drafted Number 1 in the National Basketball Association (NBA) draft, he was supposed to reinforce and transcend Chinese/ Asian identity. Yao’s entrance into the NBA signaled a new understanding of Asian identity in the United States. To study this phenomenon, the author examined commentary from television broadcasts of U.S. NBA games featuring a prominent Asian athlete (Yao Ming) using critical discourse analysis. Analysis of 13 games from Yao Ming’s 2nd and 3rd seasons revealed that Yao is linguistically constructed as a panethnic Asian/Chinese person. In addition, the analysis upholds the stereotypes that Asian people are a “model minority” and unfit to play professional sports. Given the dearth of Asian players in the NBA, how do linguistic representations of Yao Ming in game commentary reinforce Asian and Chinese cultural stereotypes or create a new identity of China?
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Walker, T. W., R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. MacDonald, K. G. Anlauf, R. C. Cohen, et al. "Trans-Pacific transport of reactive nitrogen and ozone to Canada during spring." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2010): 8717–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-8717-2010.
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Abstract. We interpret observations from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment, Phase B (INTEX-B) in spring 2006 using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate sensitivities of the Pacific and North American free troposphere to Asian anthropogenic emissions. We develop a method to use satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to provide timely estimates of trends in NOx emissions. NOx emissions increased by 33% for China and 29% for East Asia from 2003 to 2006. We examine measurements from three aircraft platforms from the INTEX-B campaign, including a Canadian Cessna taking vertical profiles of ozone near Whistler Peak. The contribution to the mean simulated ozone profiles over Whistler is at least 7.2 ppbv for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.5 ppbv for lightning NOx emissions. Tropospheric ozone columns from OMI exhibit a broad Asian outflow plume across the Pacific, which is reproduced by simulation. Mean modelled sensitivities of Pacific (30° N–60° N) tropospheric ozone columns are at least 4.6 DU for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.3 DU for lightning, as determined by simulations excluding either source. Enhancements of ozone over Canada from Asian anthropogenic emissions reflect a combination of trans-Pacific transport of ozone produced over Asia, and ozone produced in the eastern Pacific through decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs). A sensitivity study decoupling PANs from the model's chemical mechanism establishes that PANs increase ozone production by removing NOx from regions of low ozone production efficiency (OPE) and injecting it into regions with higher OPE, resulting in a global increase in ozone production by 2%. PANs contribute up to 4 ppbv to surface springtime ozone concentrations in western Canada. Ozone production due to PAN transport is greatest in the eastern Pacific; persistent winds advect this ozone northeastward into Canada. Transport events observed by the aircraft confirm that polluted airmasses were advected in this way.
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Tat, Lee Tsun. "Problems with the ASEAN Free Trade Area Dispute Settlement Mechanism and Solutions for the ASEAN Economic Community." Journal of World Trade 49, Issue 2 (April 1, 2015): 277–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2015012.
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is pushing for closer economic integration to maintain its competitiveness as a free trade area in the world economy. The push is to transform, by 2015, the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) into the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).The AEC would create a single market for goods, services, and investments and a single production base for the region. Closer economic integration, however, requires an effective system for the settlement of the kind of disputes that inevitably arise from the further liberalization of trade and investment. To this end, in 2004,ASEAN adopted the Protocol on Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanism, which establishes a near rule-based Dispute Settlement Mechanism for the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA DSM). In the decade since its establishment, the AFTA DSM has never been invoked. This article explores the limitations and constraints of the AFTA DSM and proposes an arbitration model as the ideal method of conflict resolution for ASEAN and the eventual AEC.
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Winn, Phillip. "Slavery and cultural creativity in the Banda Islands." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 3 (September 7, 2010): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463410000238.
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In his influential edited volume Slavery, bondage and dependency in Southeast Asia, Anthony Reid suggests that long-term slave-based systems of production were absent from agriculture in Southeast Asia, and had an ambiguous presence at best in other areas of economic activity. The argument he presents suggests that indigenous slavery in the region merged into a ‘kind of serfdom or household membership’, a situation that continued after the arrival of Europeans whose slave-holding practices were profoundly shaped by the local traditions they encountered: ‘slavery in the European colonies owed more to the Southeast Asian environment than to European legal ideas’. Reid's analysis is insightful and his conclusions persuasive. But he also notes a single exception to this general picture: ‘the Dutch perkenier system for producing nutmeg in Banda with hundreds of slave labourers on large estates’. The nutmeg estates of the Banda Islands, in eastern Indonesia, provide a rare unequivocal example of a slave mode of production in Southeast Asia, and its sole instance in an agricultural context. The islands have a similar status within established accounts of slavery in Asia more generally. While some degree of geographic and historical variation is usually acknowledged, European slavery practices in Asia are regarded as distinct from colonial slavery in the New World, where European systems were imported wholesale. Against this conclusion, the perkenier system in the Banda Islands has been described as a form of exploitation ‘unheard of in Asia’, one that represented a ‘Caribbean cuckoo in an Asian nest’. In other words, Dutch nutmeg cultivation in the Bandas constituted a New World style system of slavery operating in an Asian context.
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Safronova, I. A. "THE VALUE CHAINS OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AS FACTOR OF FORMATION OF THE REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(51) (December 28, 2016): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-6-51-125-135.
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This article analyzes the value chain of high-tech products in Asia and the role of this phenomenon in the further consolidation of trade blocs and alliances in the region. The presence of these chains and their gradual transition from a vertically integrated model to a system of horizontal linkages and interdependence leads to the formation of mechanisms of economic de-facto integration (so-called regionalization process). The East Asian region has demonstrated unprecedented high rates of economic growth in recent decades. The countries are actively developing mechanisms of multilateral cooperation, involving partners from across the Asia-Pacific region. Particular features of a new regional architecture of economic relations are becoming more tangible, and the essential element of this architecture is the intra-regional integration. The author presents an assessment of further developments of the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) using the structural-functional approach and analytical instruments of the international political economy, The creation of this trade block will help less advanced countries of ASEAN to accelerate economic growth and improve the conditions for integration into global value chains. For advanced economies, participation in the RCEP seems controversial, because production chains have well-established formats within the framework of ASEAN +. The political standoff between Washington and Beijing has an impact on dynamics of regional integration. The split among the East Asian countries was galvanized by the Trans-Pacific Partnership Project (TTP), because TPP has objectives that are very similar to those of RCEP (trade liberalization and economic integration). The author concludes that the extension of this partnership in the ASEAN countries can seriously complicate the operation RVEP and enhance the impact of political factors on economic cooperation. In this case, the value of production and supply chains of high-tech products will decline, which may affect the economic cooperation in the region as a whole.
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Walker, T. W., R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. MacDonald, K. G. Anlauf, R. C. Cohen, et al. "Trans-Pacific transport of reactive nitrogen and ozone to Canada during spring." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 17 (September 7, 2010): 8353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8353-2010.
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Abstract. We interpret observations from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment, Phase B (INTEX-B) in spring 2006 using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate sensitivities of the free troposphere above the North Pacific Ocean and North America to Asian anthropogenic emissions. We develop a method to use satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to provide timely estimates of trends in NOx emissions. NOx emissions increased by 33% for China and 29% for East Asia from 2003 to 2006. We examine measurements from three aircraft platforms from the INTEX-B campaign, including a Canadian Cessna taking vertical profiles of ozone near Whistler Peak. The contribution to the mean simulated ozone profiles over Whistler below 5.5 km is at least 7.2 ppbv for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.5 ppbv for global lightning NOx emissions. Tropospheric ozone columns from OMI exhibit a broad Asian outflow plume across the Pacific, which is reproduced by simulation. Mean modelled sensitivities of Pacific (30° N–60° N) tropospheric ozone columns are at least 4.6 DU for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.3 DU for lightning, as determined by simulations excluding either source. Enhancements of ozone over Canada from Asian anthropogenic emissions reflect a combination of trans-Pacific transport of ozone produced over Asia, and ozone produced in the eastern Pacific through decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs). A sensitivity study decoupling PANs globally from the model's chemical mechanism establishes that PANs increase ozone production by removing NOx from regions of low ozone production efficiency (OPE) and injecting it into regions with higher OPE, resulting in a global increase in ozone production by 2% in spring 2006. PANs contribute up to 4 ppbv to surface springtime ozone concentrations in western Canada. Ozone production due to PAN transport is greatest in the eastern Pacific; commonly occurring transport patterns advect this ozone northeastward into Canada. Transport events observed by the aircraft confirm that polluted airmasses were advected in this way.
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Gottschaldt, Klaus-Dirk, Hans Schlager, Robert Baumann, Duy Sinh Cai, Veronika Eyring, Phoebe Graf, Volker Grewe, et al. "Dynamics and composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 8 (April 24, 2018): 5655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5655-2018.
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Abstract. This study places HALO research aircraft observations in the upper-tropospheric Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) into the context of regional, intra-annual variability by hindcasts with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. The observations were obtained during the Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) campaign in September 2012. Observed and simulated tracer–tracer relations reflect photochemical O3 production as well as in-mixing from the lower troposphere and the tropopause layer. The simulations demonstrate that tropospheric trace gas profiles in the monsoon season are distinct from those in the rest of the year, and the measurements reflect the main processes acting throughout the monsoon season. Net photochemical O3 production is significantly enhanced in the ASMA, where uplifted precursors meet increased NOx, mainly produced by lightning. An analysis of multiple monsoon seasons in the simulation shows that stratospherically influenced tropopause layer air is regularly entrained at the eastern ASMA flank and then transported in the southern fringe around the interior region. Radial transport barriers of the circulation are effectively overcome by subseasonal dynamical instabilities of the anticyclone, which occur quite frequently and are of paramount importance for the trace gas composition of the ASMA. Both the isentropic entrainment of O3-rich air and the photochemical conversion of uplifted O3-poor air tend to increase O3 in the ASMA outflow.
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Liew, Brandon K. "The Unquiet Dreams of Lesser Malaysian Writers." Archiv orientální 89, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 283–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.89.2.283-310.
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Using the ‘Global Malaysian Novel’ as a focal point, my paper demonstrates how the emergence of this critical conceptualization is a shift that problematizes traditional postmodern and postcolonial modes that have not yet transcended the nation as a frame of reference. When ‘Global Malaysian Novels’ are being written, marketed and sold outside Malaysian borders, to what extent do these texts retain their capacity for representation: Asian identities, national identities, regional and diasporic? While a critique of their complicity in Global Literary Markets centered in the U.K. and U.S. is often reduced to an ad hominem attack, there remains much to be said about the effects of their increasingly transnational material productions upon their more formally understood aesthetic and literary qualities. As such, I explore the discursive effects of the ‘Global Malaysian Novel’ as a transnational production in Southeast Asia, and how literary scholars have approached contemporary Asian literatures and attempted to situate them within realms of the national, within postcolonial Southeast Asia and within wider World Literature frameworks. In particular, I chart not only the historical production of literary texts written in English in Southeast Asia since 1945, but the current discourse of English Literary studies in the region.
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Ishikawa, Shin’ichiro. "A CONSIDERATION OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SPOKEN AND WRITTEN ENGLISH OF NATIVE SPEAKERS AND JAPANESE LEARNERS: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY." Discourse and Interaction 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2015-1-37.
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It is often said that speeches and writings vary greatly with regard to vocabulary and grammar. However, how these differences can be seen in language use by English native speakers and non-native speakers has not been wholly elucidated. The current study, using the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE), quantitatively compares topic-controlled speeches and writings by native speakers and Japanese learners of English. Our learner-corpus-based analyses revealed that the difference is not as substantial as widely believed for native speakers in terms of highly frequent words, frequency of eleven textual indices, statistical positioning of individual samples, clustering structure of the indices, and the relationship between the production mode and the indices.
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Moutinho, Victor, and Mara Madaleno. "Assessing Eco-Efficiency in Asian and African Countries Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041168.
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This study aims to evaluate the economic and environmental efficiency of Asian and African economies. In the model proposed, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered as the desired output and Greenhouse Gases (GHG), like carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as the undesirable output. Capital, labor, fossil fuels, and renewable energy consumption are regarded as inputs, and the GDP/CO2 ratio is the output, by using a log-linear Translog production function and using data from 2005 until 2018, including 22 Asian and 22 African countries. Results evidence cross-countries heterogeneity among production inputs, namely labor, capital, and type of energy use and its efficiency. The models complement each other and are based on different distributional assumptions and estimation methods while providing a picture of Eco-efficiency in Asian and African economies. Labor and renewable energy share increase technical Eco-efficiency, while fixed capital decreases it under time-variant models. Technical improvements in Eco-efficiency are verified through time considering the time variable into the model estimations, replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources. An inverted U-shaped Eco-efficiency function is found concerning the share of fossil fuel consumption. Important policy implications are drawn from the results regarding the empirical results.
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Peterson, William. "Consuming the Asian Other in Singapore: Interculturalism in TheatreWorks' Desdemona." Theatre Research International 28, no. 1 (February 17, 2003): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883303000166.
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The Singaporean company TheatreWorks, under the artistic direction of Ong Keng Sen, has been responsible for the creation of a number of large-scale Asian intercultural works that have toured to international festivals from Adelaide to Hamburg. Among the best known of these are Lear and Desdemona, both of which use Shakespeare as a point of departure for new performance pieces that bring together practitioners representing a wide range of traditional and contemporary art forms. Unlike other intercultural experiments, in Lear and Desdemona practitioners stay largely within the frame of their own performance and linguistic traditions, creating a work which, especially in the case of Desdemona, is far from seamless. Using the 2000 production of Desdemona as an object of inquiry, this model of Asian intercultural production is examined against the backdrop of the politics of one's location, the troubled audience response to the work in Singapore and Adelaide, and the current state of intercultural theory.
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Bolesta, Andrzej. "Post-socialist Myanmar and the East Asian Development Model." Central European Economic Journal 5, no. 52 (August 9, 2019): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2018-0019.
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Abstract Myanmar has been undergoing a process of post-socialist systemic transformation. During the reform period, its authorities used policy and institutional solutions of the East Asian development model in its post-socialist version, creating foundations for the post-socialist developmental state (PSDS). The concept of the PSDS combines features of a developmental state (DS) and systemic transformation from central planning to market. A developmental state (DS) is considered to be an ideological and conceptual basis for the state’s economic policy and institutional and systemic arrangements that resulted in spectacular developmental achievements of some of the East Asian economies in the second half of the 20th century. Post-socialist transformation is considered the most multi-layered and complicated process of systemic reformulation, which took place at the end of the 20th and the beginning of 21st centuries. The article describes the process of building a PSDS in Myanmar. In economic policy, the authorities have focused on the industrialisation through the development of an export production base. Nevertheless, access to the internal market has often been restricted for foreign entities. Planning through a state planning agency remains a key tool in the formulation of a development strategy. In addition, systemic reforms have been gradual rather than radical (a shock therapy).
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Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, K. F. Boersma, D. A. Jaffe, J. R. Olson, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, et al. "Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 24, 2008): 8143–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-8143-2008.
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Abstract. We use an ensemble of aircraft, satellite, sonde, and surface observations for April–May 2006 (NASA/INTEX-B aircraft campaign) to better understand the mechanisms for transpacific ozone pollution and its implications for North American air quality. The observations are interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). OMI NO2 satellite observations constrain Asian anthropogenic NOx emissions and indicate a factor of 2 increase from 2000 to 2006 in China. Satellite observations of CO from AIRS and TES indicate two major events of Asian transpacific pollution during INTEX-B. Correlation between TES CO and ozone observations shows evidence for transpacific ozone pollution. The semi-permanent Pacific High and Aleutian Low cause splitting of transpacific pollution plumes over the Northeast Pacific. The northern branch circulates around the Aleutian Low and has little impact on North America. The southern branch circulates around the Pacific High and impacts western North America. Both aircraft measurements and model results show sustained ozone production driven by peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) decomposition in the southern branch, roughly doubling the transpacific influence from ozone produced in the Asian boundary layer. Model simulation of ozone observations at Mt. Bachelor Observatory in Oregon (2.7 km altitude) indicates a mean Asian ozone pollution contribution of 9±3 ppbv to the mean observed concentration of 54 ppbv, reflecting mostly an enhancement in background ozone rather than episodic Asian plumes. Asian pollution enhanced surface ozone concentrations by 5–7 ppbv over western North America in spring 2006. The 2000–2006 rise in Asian anthropogenic emissions increased the influence by 1–2 ppbv.
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Ramli, Munirah. "Macroeconomic Factors Affect the Electricity Consumption: A Case of ASEAN Countries." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2018.
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The ASEAN Centre of Energy (ACE) aims to improve electricity accessibility among all 10 members. Electricity consumption is concerned globally, since it is main intermediate input of production in pursuing economic growth in this era Industrial Revolution 5.0. The motivation of this study is to examine the key elements that derives the electricity consumption in all Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries from year 2000 to 2018. A panel data is utilized to investigate the relationship between urban population, industrial structure and financial development towards electricity consumption (kWh) using linear regression model (Pooled OLS, Random Effect, and Fixed Effect models). Results found that rapid growth of urban population gives a great impact to electricity consumption. Thailand and Vietnam have the highest positive interception using Fixed Effect model estimation. The findings of this research suggests the government to explore new energy sources to meet the increased demand of electricity while balancing the environmental sustainabilit.
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Mleziva, Jindřich. "Iznik or Paris? Imitations of Ottoman Pottery in the Collection of the West Bohemian Museum in Pilsen." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 37, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anpm-2017-0003.
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Abstract The article focuses on imitations of Asian craftsmanship, manufactured during the 19th century and found in the West Bohemian Museum in Pilsen collection. The collection was created at the end of the 19th century. During that period the museum acquired both original Asian products and products manufactured in Europe under the influence of Asian art. In some cases, however, it happened that objects acquired for the collection a hundred years previously were later thought to be Asian originals. The Pilsen ewer is described in accounts records as a teapot made according to a Persian model. Although in the past it was confused with original work, today objects like this are an indication of the influence that Ottoman ceramics had not only on ceramics production in the second half of the 19th century Europe, and a reflection of the interest in and considerable popularity of Middle Eastern and Oriental arts and crafts in Europe.
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Mitra, Aditi, and Sanjaya Singh Gaur. "Does environmental concern drive Asian firms’ governance?" Journal of Asia Business Studies 14, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 481–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-06-2019-0189.
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Purpose The sustainability issues faced by Asian firms, such as environmental destruction and depletion of resources, require the existing corporate social responsibility (COSR) models to be carefully examined and re-conceptualized. Both researchers and practitioners have indicated how social equity and having a long-term business perspective are imperative to address environmental concerns alongside fulfilling the wealth maximization goals among firms. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature by examining the interrelationships between COSR parameters among firms, with social equity perspective. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study comes from the Thomson Reuters Asset4 Index. The baseline sample of this study included 1,690 firms listed between 2011 and 2017. For hypothesis testing, fixed-effect panel analysis on 10,140 firm-year observations over seven years from 2011 to 2017 was conducted. These data points were drawn from four Asian countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Hong Kong). Findings This study indicates that developed stock exchange markets among Asian markets such as Singapore and Hong Kong are transitioning from a strong focus on environmental issues to a more social equity-based economy, which is driving higher governance performance. This indicates the significance of the social dimension inherent in sustainable development and goes beyond just the ethical dimensions among the firms and the economy at large. The study also presents the challenges of re-modeling existing COSR framework among firms in Asia which do not have a clear road map on how to achieve environmental performance to achieve higher levels of human well-being, as well as the ethical considerations of achieving the wealth maximization goal. Originality/value This paper is unique in nature because it attempts to re-conceptualize the COSR models that support governance initiatives from an Asian market perspective by improving upon environmental performance, which in turn addresses critical issues around depleting resources and reducing wastage in the production process. The re-conceptualization model used in this study is based on the social exchange theory developed by George Homans in 1958. Accordingly, this study links the circular flow of resource procurement as well as production to the circular flow of resource replenishment seen in the chosen emerging Asian markets.
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Luo, Xiaofei, Yonghui Han, and Fan Zhang. "Competition of trade and investment between Guangzhou and BRI countries: an empirical analysis based on Export Similarity Index." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504032.
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Trade and investment are significant aspects in economic cooperation between Guangzhou and BRI (Belt and Road Initiative) countries. To solve its economic dilemma in export and manufacturing sector, Guangzhou should try to identify the BRI regions to promote overseas production capacity cooperation, especially in trade and investment. By dividing the BRI countries into six regional groups and using a modified ESI (Export Similarity Index) model, this paper aims to examine the level of competition between Guangzhou and various BRI regional groups from perspectives of trade and investment. From the results, we find that Guangzhou has the highest competition level with ASEAN and South Asian countries in trade while in investment, ASEAN and Central and Eastern Europe are the most potent competitors for Guangzhou. We think there are insightful implications within the empirical analysis and could promote the efficiency of Guangzhou's trade and outward investment under the BRI framework.
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Scheeren, H. A., J. Lelieveld, G. J. Roelofs, J. Williams, H. Fischer, M. de Reus, J. A. de Gouw, et al. "The impact of monsoon outflow from India and Southeast Asia in the upper troposphere over the eastern Mediterranean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 3 (May 12, 2003): 2285–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-2285-2003.
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Abstract. A major objective of the Mediterranean INtensive Oxidant Study (MINOS) was to investigate long-range transport of pollutants (notably ozone precursor species). Here we present trace gas measurements from the DLR (German Aerospace Organization) Falcon aircraft in the eastern Mediterranean troposphere. Ten day backward trajectories and a coupled chemistry-climate model (ECHAM4) were used to study the nature and origin of pollution observed in the upper troposphere between 6 and 13 km altitude. We focus on a large pollution plume encountered over the eastern Mediterranean between 1 and 12 August originating in South Asia (India and Southeast Asia), referred to as the Asian plume, associated with the Asian Summer Monsoon. Vertical as well as longitudinal gradients of methane, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons including acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile, halocarbons, ozone and total reactive nitrogen (NOy) are presented, showing the chemical impact of the Asian plume compared to westerly air masses containing pollution from North America. The Asian plume is characterized by enhanced concentrations of biomass burning tracers (acetylene, methyl chloride, acetonitrile), notably from biofuel use. Concentrations of the new automobile cooling agent HFC-134a were significantly lower in the Asian plume than in air masses from North America. Relatively high levels of ozone precursors (CO, hydrocarbons) were found in both air masses, whereas lower ozone concentrations in the Asian plume suggest NOx-limited conditions. Consistently, ECHAM model simulations indicate that the expected future increase of NOx-emissions in Asia enhances the photochemical ozone production in the Asian plume. The size and location of the Asian plume near the tropopause provides an important potential for pollution transport into the lowermost stratosphere. We present observations indicative of Asian pollution transport into the lower stratosphere.
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Scheeren, H. A., J. Lelieveld, G. J. Roelofs, J. Williams, H. Fischer, M. de Reus, J. A. de Gouw, et al. "The impact of monsoon outflow from India and Southeast Asia in the upper troposphere over the eastern Mediterranean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 1589–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1589-2003.
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Abstract. A major objective of the Mediterranean INtensive Oxidant Study (MINOS) was to investigate long-range transport of pollutants (notably ozone precursor species). Here we present trace gas measurements from the DLR (German Aerospace Organization) Falcon aircraft in the eastern Mediterranean troposphere. Ten day backward trajectories and a coupled chemistry-climate model (ECHAM4) were used to study the nature and origin of pollution observed in the upper troposphere between 6 and 13 km altitude. We focus on a large pollution plume encountered over the eastern Mediterranean between 1 and 12 August originating in South Asia (India and Southeast Asia), referred to as the Asian plume, associated with the Asian Summer Monsoon. Vertical as well as longitudinal gradients of methane, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons including acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile, halocarbons, ozone and total reactive nitrogen (NOy) are presented, showing the chemical impact of the Asian plume compared to westerly air masses containing pollution from North America. The Asian plume is characterized by enhanced concentrations of biomass burning tracers (acetylene, methyl chloride, acetonitrile), notably from biofuel use. Concentrations of the new automobile cooling agent HFC-134a were significantly lower in the Asian plume than in air masses from North America. Relatively high levels of ozone precursors (CO, hydrocarbons) were found in both air masses, whereas lower ozone concentrations in the Asian plume suggest NOx-limited conditions. Consistently, ECHAM model simulations indicate that the expected future increase of NOx-emissions in Asia enhances the photochemical ozone production in the Asian plume. The size and location of the Asian plume near the tropopause provides an important potential for pollution transport into the lowermost stratosphere. We present observations indicative of Asian pollution transport into the lower stratosphere.
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Zhang, Qian, and Keith Negus. "East Asian pop music idol production and the emergence of data fandom in China." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877920904064.
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This article traces the formation of popular music idol industries in China and the emergence of data fandom. It charts the growth of digital platforms and historicizes the commercial and geopolitical itinerations linking cultural production in Japan, South Korea, and China. It locates data fandom as an integral part of the popular music industries reconfigured by digital social media platforms; a structural change from the production-to-consumption ‘supply chain’ model of the recording era towards emergent circuits of content that integrate industries and audiences. Data fans understand how their online activities are tracked, and adopt individual and collective strategies to influence metric and semantic information reported on digital platforms and social media. This article analyses how the practices of data fans impact upon charts, media and content traffic, illustrating how this activity benefits the idols they are following, and enhances a fan’s sense of achievement and agency.
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Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, K. F. Boersma, D. A. Jaffe, J. R. Olson, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, et al. "Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 20 (October 22, 2008): 6117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6117-2008.
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Abstract. We use an ensemble of aircraft, satellite, sonde, and surface observations for April–May 2006 (NASA/INTEX-B aircraft campaign) to better understand the mechanisms for transpacific ozone pollution and its implications for North American air quality. The observations are interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). OMI NO2 satellite observations constrain Asian anthropogenic NOx emissions and indicate a factor of 2 increase from 2000 to 2006 in China. Satellite observations of CO from AIRS and TES indicate two major events of Asian transpacific pollution during INTEX-B. Correlation between TES CO and ozone observations shows evidence for transpacific ozone pollution. The semi-permanent Pacific High and Aleutian Low cause splitting of transpacific pollution plumes over the Northeast Pacific. The northern branch circulates around the Aleutian Low and has little impact on North America. The southern branch circulates around the Pacific High and some of that air impacts western North America. Both aircraft measurements and model results show sustained ozone production driven by peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) decomposition in the southern branch, roughly doubling the transpacific influence from ozone produced in the Asian boundary layer. Model simulation of ozone observations at Mt. Bachelor Observatory in Oregon (2.7 km altitude) indicates a mean Asian ozone pollution contribution of 9±3 ppbv to the mean observed concentration of 54 ppbv, reflecting mostly an enhancement in background ozone rather than episodic Asian plumes. Asian pollution enhanced surface ozone concentrations by 5–7 ppbv over western North America in spring 2006. The 2000–2006 rise in Asian anthropogenic emissions increased this influence by 1–2 ppbv.
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Gong, S. L., X. Y. Zhang, T. L. Zhao, X. B. Zhang, L. A. Barrie, I. G. McKendry, and C. S. Zhao. "A Simulated Climatology of Asian Dust Aerosol and Its Trans-Pacific Transport. Part II: Interannual Variability and Climate Connections." Journal of Climate 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3606.1.
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Abstract A 44-yr climatology of spring Asian dust aerosol emission, column loading, deposition, trans-Pacific transport routes, and budgets during 1960–2003 was simulated with the Northern Aerosol Regional Climate Model (NARCM). Interannual variability in these Asian dust aerosol properties simulated by the model and its climate connections are analyzed with major climatic indices and records in ground observations. For dust production from most of the source regions, the strongest correlations were with the surface wind speed in the source region and the area and intensity indices of the Asian polar vortex (AIAPV and IIAPV, respectively). Dust emission was negatively correlated with precipitation and surface temperatures in spring. The strength of the East Asian monsoon was not found to be directly related to dust production but rather with the transport of dust from the Asian subcontinent. The interannual variability of dust loading and deposition showed similar relations with various climate indices. The correlation of Asian dust loading and deposition with the western Pacific (WP) pattern and Atmospheric Circulation Index (ACI) exhibited contrasting meridional and zonal distributions. AIAPV and IIAPV were strongly correlated with the midlatitude zonal distribution of dust loading and deposition over the Asian subcontinent and the North Pacific. The Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern and Southern Oscillation index (SOI) displayed an opposite correlation pattern of dust loading and deposition in the eastern Pacific, while SOI correlated significantly with dust loading over eastern China and northeast Asia. The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) was linked to variations of dust aerosol and deposition not only in the area of the eastern North Pacific and North America but also in the Asian dust source regions. The anomalies of transport flux and its divergence as well as dust column loading were also identified for eight typical El Niño and eight La Niña years. A shift of the trans-Pacific transport path to the north was found for El Niño years, which resulted in less dust storms and dust loading in China. In El Niño years the deserts in Mongolia and western north China closer to the polar cold air regions contributed more dust aerosol in the troposphere, while in La Niña years the deserts in central and eastern north China far from polar cold regions provided more dust aerosol in the troposphere. On the basis of the variability of Asian dust aerosol budgets, the ratio of inflow to North America to the outflow from Asia was found to be correlated negatively with the PNA index and positively with the WP index.
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Heinold, Bernd, and Ina Tegen. "Modelling mineral dust in the Central Asian region." E3S Web of Conferences 99 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199902012.
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In Central Asia, climate and air quality are largely affected by local and long-travelled mineral dust. For the last century, the area has experienced severe land-use changes and water exploitation producing new dust sources. Today global warming causes rapid shrinking of mountain glaciers with yet unknow consequences for dust and its climate effects. Despite the importance for a growing population, only little is known about sources, transport pathways and properties of Central Asian dust. A transport study with a global aerosol-climate model is undertaken to investigate the life cycle of mineral dust in Central Asia for the period of a remote-sensing campaign in Tajikistan in 2015–2016. An initial evaluation with sun photometer measurements shows reasonable agreement for the average amount of dust, but a significant weakness of the model in reproducing the seasonality of local dust with maximum activity in summer. Source apportionment reveals a major contribution from Arabia throughout the year in accordance with observations. In the model, local sources mainly contribute in spring and autumn while summer-time dust production is underestimated. The results underline the importance of considering long-range transport and, locally, a detailed representation of atmospheric dynamics and surface characteristics for modelling dust in Central Asia.