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Srinivasan, Shaila. "The Asian Petty Bourgeoisie in Britain - an Oxford case study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335670.
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Campbell-Hall, Devon. "Writing Asian Britain in contemporary anglophone literature." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502251.
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British identity has undergone a dynamic transformation over the past fifty years. The debates surrounding multiculturalism and the extent to which non-white Britons have genuinely integrated into mainstream British society have given rise to a generation of writing that arguably contends with these issues. Anglophone writers such as Monica Ali, Jamila Gavin, Maggie Gee, Raman Mundair, Ravinder Randhawa, Kami/a Shamsie, Zadie Smith and Meera Syal are amongst those contemporary writers who portray diverse aspects of Asian British communities, in which the Asian British characters arguablv subvert the Orientalist, colonialist binary of white over brown. Writers such as Michael Ondaatje, Arundhati Roy and Vikram Seth fictionally represent Indian students who come to Britain as temporary migrants on foreign study sojourns, using these students to interrogate the significance of an English education. These novels explode the reductive myth of Asian Britons as nice, well-behaved members of our multicultural society. This thesis demonstrates how these texts indeed interrogate depoliticised, sentimental portrayals of Asian Britons as harmless.
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Khamis, Tashmin Kassam. "South Asian foodways in Britain : diversity and change." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/south-asian-foodways-in-britain--diversity-and-change(c37dcd8f-cdb8-46af-a9ed-d6a5ad86c96d).html.
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Patel, Suresh. "The nature and dynamics of Asian retailing in Britain." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256770.
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Dougherty, Devyn T. "Exotic Femininity: Prostitution Reviews and the Sexual Stereotyping of Asian Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700002/.
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Studies on prostitution have typically focused on the experiences, problems, and histories of prostitutes, rather than examining men who seek to purchase sex. Race has also been overlooked as a central factor in shaping the sex industry and the motivations of men who seek to purchase sex. This study utilizes online reviews of prostitutes to examine the way men who purchase sex discuss Asian prostitutes in comparison to White prostitutes. This paper traces the history of colonialism and ideas of the exotic Orient to modern stereotypes of Asian women. These stereotypes are then used to frame a quantitative and qualitative analysis of online reviews of prostitutes and compare the ways in which Asian prostitutes and white prostitutes are discussed. Further, the reviews are used to examine more broadly what services, traits, and behaviors are considered desirable by men who use prostitutes. The study finds that there are significant quantitative and qualitative differences in how men discuss Asian and White prostitutes within their reviews, and that these differences appear to be shaped by racially fetishizing stereotypes of Asian women. Prostitution also appears to reinforce male dominance and patriarchy in the form of masculine control and the feminine servicing of male sexual and emotional needs.
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Kapoor, Nisha. "Deconstructing 'Segregation' : Exploring South Asian Geographies and Inequality in Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520706.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between the spatial concentration of South Asian ethnic groups and experiences of inequality in education, employment and health. Ethnic and racial segregation has become of increasing concern in Britain over the past decade, but there has been little research that has examined the relationship between the spatial concentration of minority ethnic groups and their socio-economic outcomes in various domains. This study sets out to address this gap in the literature. In recent years, segregation has become an increasingly ambiguous and value-laden concept. The shift in its meaning to denote the self-segregation of minority ethnic groups in Britain has made it an increasingly problematic concept for investigating inequality. At the same time the rise to prominence of research on segregation in the US has greatly influenced academic research on the matter in Britain. In this thesis I adopt a more critical approach to segregation in Britain by framing South Asian geographies within a socialhistorical context by taking account of the nature of migration and settlement of South Asians to Britain, and the structural context, namely discriminatory housing and labour market pOlicies, within which this occurred. In light of this, I suggest that a more appropriate measure of spatial segregation is neighbourhood deprivation, which more accurately reflects the material disadvantage of many areas of high minority ethnic concentration. Thus, the focus of my empirical analysis looks at the extent to which the divergence in socio-economic outcomes across geographies for South Asian and White British ethnic groups is related to the South Asian concentration of neighbourhoods, and the extent to which this is associated with levels of neighbourhood deprivation. I also look at the extent to which differences between the South Asian and White British ethnic groups are associated with neighbourhood co-ethnic concentration and deprivation. I address the research question using two national datasets. Comprehensive neighbourhood data available from 2001 Census tabular data is used to obtain data measuring the ethnic composition of neighbourhoods and the employment, education and health outcomes of ethnic groups at the neighbourhood level. With this data I examine the relationship between levels of neighbourhood South Asian concentration, levels of neighbourhood deprivation, and outcomes in education, employment and health for Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and White British ethnic groups. The second dataset I make use of is the 2005 Citizenship Survey which includes additional requested data on the ethnic composition and deprivation levels of neighbourhoods for respondents in the survey. I use multilevel logistic regression methods to determine the extent to which the neighbourhood context matters. I find neighbourhood deprivation to be more important in explaining the divergence in education, employment, and health across geographies than levels of South Asian concentration for all ethnic groups. I find the negative association between Pakistani and Bangladeshi concentration and education and employment outcomes to be explained when levels of neighbourhood deprivation are considered. In terms of inequality, while, on average, the Indian group report better or equal socio-economic outcomes compared with the White British group, the disadvantage experienced by Pakistanis and Bangladeshis is not explained by levels of co-ethnic concentration. Factors such as human capital and household income are shown to be more important. My evidence suggests that policy approaches to tackling inequality should focus on area deprivation, rather than the ethnic composition of neighbourhoods.
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Carr, Sara. "'Responsible nurturing' : Asian Hindu mothers' perception of parenting in Britain." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31165.
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There is a dearth of research on aspects of child rearing and parent-child relationships in Asian families living in Britain. The literature indicates that there are variations in child-rearing practices that are informed by values and socialisation goals. Models of parenting provide framework for understanding parenting in different cultures, however, none specifically relate to Asian parenting in Britain. The effect of ethnic minority status on parenting and the acculturation process are important influential factors. This study explored Asian Hindu mothers' views regarding child-rearing practices and socialisation goals in an attempt to understand parenting in a cultural context. Grounded theory method was employed to structure and analyse the interview data, in order to generate a conceptual framework that accounted for this process. The findings generated a core theme, which encapsulated the mothers' perception of parenting, in terms of 'responsible nurturing'. This relates to the mother's responsibility in preparing the child for life. A process was identified in which perceived threats work to undermine the mother's confidence in her role and also affect the course of the preparation for life. Balancing strategies, such as cultural propagation and seeking help, are employed by the mother in order to set the process of preparation for life back on course. The mother first weighs up the intervening factors that act to hinder or facilitate the use of balancing. These factors include the mother's sense of cultural belonging, family trustworthiness and child characteristics. This study had clinical implications for the way in which parenting in Asian Hindu families is understood and identifies an active parenting model which may be used to guide assessment and intervention with Asian families who experience parenting difficulties. These findings are placed in a cultural context and are related to the literature on ethnic minority parenting.
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Nicholas, Tom. "Aspects of entrepreneurship and wealth accumulation in Britain since 1850." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267663.
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Mok, Kin-wai Patrick, and 莫健偉. "The British intra-Asian trade with China, 1800-1842." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014930.
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Mok, Kin-wai Patrick. "The British intra-Asian trade with China, 1800-1842 /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30708369.
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Ahmed, Rehana. "Locating class in multicultural Britain : a materialist reading of some contemporary British Asian and South Asian texts." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430263.
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Ball, Christopher Stephen. "Energy policies and environmental entrepreneurship : the cases of Britain, France and Germany." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23945.
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To respect climate change goals, reinforced by COP21 in Paris, an overhaul of the energy system in EU countries will be necessary and this will involve a major deployment of low-carbon technology (Stern 2006). Although the relative roles of green new ventures and incumbent firms in the dissemination of environmental innovation remain unclear (Hall, Daneke et al. 2010), entrepreneurship shows promise as a response to environmental prob-lems (Anderson 1998, Schaltegger 2002, Hart, Milstein 1999). Since green new ventures are free from the innovatory constraints faced by incumbent firms (York, Venkataraman 2010, Hockerts, Wüstenhagen 2010), they are in a position to disrupt existing unsustaina-ble markets. Designing and implementing an energy policy with an “entrepreneurial fla-vour” (Wüstenhagen, Wuebker 2011) could be advantageous in achieving a successful sus-tainable transformation of the energy system. This thesis examines how entrepreneurs per-ceive energy policy in three advanced EU countries using a case study approach, with each country constituting a case. Data sources comprised policy documents, interviews with entrepreneurs and key staff in new ventures, and field notes from practitioner conferences. At this critical point at which direct support for renewables is being withdrawn, it is argued that efforts must be made to retain this entrepreneurial force in the energy market. This thesis reflects on the degree to which the market-creating support mechanisms are being withdrawn. If entrepreneurship is to thrive in a post-support context, there must be consid-eration as to how to better integrate decentralised renewables into the energy market, espe-cially in relation to how they can compete effectively with conventional technologies, namely nuclear and gas. In addition to alternative strategies to incentivise adoption of re-newable energy technologies beyond early adopter consumer categories (Rogers 1995), building greater public consent to sustainability policies is crucial to the continued success of energy entrepreneurship. Geopolitical factors surrounding energy security may rein-force the case for continuing to support entrepreneurship in the renewable power sector.
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Vij, Mohan Lal. "Asian entrepreneurship and small business management development : the case of Cleveland (U.K.)." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295743.
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Becher, Harriet. "Family practices in South Asian Muslim Families : Parenting in a multi-faith Britain." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496425.
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Valeny, R. R. "From pariah to paragon? : the social mobility of Ugandan Asian refugees in Britain." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639294.
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One key policy issue that currently dominates political debate in the developed world is that of immigrant and refugee integration. For refugees, central to all definitions and the implementation of successful refugee resettlement is employment, in particular the roles that refugees either play, or are allocated within the labour market. However, in light of the short term and ad hoc nature of refugee research, there is a dearth of studies documenting the structural progress which refugee groups make during the course of their long-term resettlement. Despite the absence of research of this nature, the British media currently portray Ugandan Asian refugees as a paragon ethnic minority who have achieved economic integration by ascending from 'rags to riches', since their resettlement in Britain in 1972. In light of the absence of academic evidence to corroborate this claim, this study employs multiple research methods to measure and confirm the extent to which the Ugandan Asians have achieved social mobility, over the decade 1981-1991. Reference to qualitative interview material provides an insight and understanding of the underlying attitudes and beliefs that have motivated the refugees, during the course of this social process. The study finds that the Ugandan Asian refugees have indeed achieved significant upward social mobility to the extent that their social class profile in 1991 favours white collar work, while the qualitative material reveal that this social mobility has been facilitated by key identities which yield human capital resources. The study also elucidates the discrepancies between the media stereotype and Ugandan Asian community perceptions of their success and it demonstrates that the social mobility of the Ugandan Asians best relates to the diacritical factors outlined by the model minority thesis.
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Malik, Sarita. "Representing Black Britain : a history of Black and Asian images on British television /." London : Sage, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37742086d.
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Roy, Bidhan Chandra. "Globalisation and the negotiation of identity in South Asian diasporic fiction in Britain." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514369.
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Dewitt, Sunita. "Second and third generation South Asian service sector entrepreneurship in Birmingham, United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1636/.
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This thesis explores second and third generation South Asian entrepreneurship in Britain. To date the majority of studies have focused on understanding entrepreneurship by first generation South Asian immigrants who established businesses in traditional sectors of the economy, frequently as a result of „push‟ and „pull‟ factors. This thesis extends the work on South Asian entrepreneurship to second and third generation South Asian entrepreneurs. These generations are detached from immigrant status and the majority have been assimilated into British culture and economy, they are the British/Asians. This thesis explores the driving forces and strategies deployed by these succeeding generation of South Asians in setting up businesses in Birmingham‟s service sector economy. A framework is developed to understand South Asian entrepreneurship that consists of four elements: individual‟s driving forces, financial input, support networks and market opportunities. These elements consist of factors such as background which involves personal attributes including encouragement from parents to obtain educational credentials; inspiration from entrepreneurial family networks; and the desire to achieve status and flexibility; support networks explores the role of co-ethnic, community-based and business associations. And finally, market opportunities include the deployment of specific strategies by these entrepreneurs in locating markets for their products and services. A significant component of this is the way these generations utilise their ethnicity and duality not only to target clients and widen markets but also innovate their goods and services through fusing together aspects of Asianess and Britishness to create „hybrid products‟ which are intended to penetrate new markets.
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Mirza, Mehreen Naz. "South Asian females and technology education : a study of engagement and disengagement in Britain." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20339/.
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My thesis is concerned with the engagement and disengagement of South Asian girls and women with technology education in Britain. The research arose out of the need to establish whether South Asian girls and women had been included in, and benefited from, the attempts to encourage more girls and women into the fields of science, engineering and technology. Existing theoretical, especially feminist, frameworks for understanding the experiences of girls and women in science, engineering and technology, were largely silent about the experiences of minority ethnic girls and women, especially those of South Asian heritage; their experiences and perspectives were subsumed under an assumed generic female experience, which I have termed 'universal wonian' syndrome. Similarly, existing theoretical discourses for understanding the specific experiences of South Asian girls and women in education and the labour market, were too broad in focus and unable to offer any commentary about their position in relation to specific subjects and/or occupations. My thesis is intended to make a contribution towards assessing whether the initiatives to proniote girls and women into technology are of relevance and applicability to South Asian girls and women. I adopted an 'anti-oppressive' epistemological and methodological framework within which to locate the research process, from initial conceptualisation to final data analysis. In particular I focused on anti-racist, feminist, and Black feminist epistemology and methodology. I utilised both quantitative and qualitative methods, within a reflexive framework for gathering and analysing data, in order to respond better to changing research circumstances.. My thesis is intended to make a contribution to the wider understanding of epistemological and methodological research issues, especially in terms of the applicability of anti-racist, feminist and Black feminist standpoint epistemology. It is intended to contribute especially to our knowledge about ethical concerns which researchers need to be cognisant of from the outset of their research project. Data was gathered and analysed by me using a grounded theory approach, which resulted in my use of a theoretical model proposed by Anthias and Yuval-Davis (1992). This theory is intended to examine the connections between gender and ethnicity in the process of nation-building, but I felt that it could also be used to explain the ways in which gender and ethnicity acted upon the South Asian girls and women in their choice of subject of study and subsequent jobs/occupations. The data analysis revealed that many of the initiatives to encourage girls and women into fields in which they were under-represented, had had very little, if any impact upon the subject and occupational choices of South Asian girls and women in this study, as those initiatives had focused on addressing primarily, if not exclusively gender issues, whereas the lives and decision-making processes of the South Asian girls and women were informed by the experience of a particularly ethnicised-gendered experience. Consequently the thesis moves beyond focusing exclusively on the ways in which South Asian girls and women make choices about technology education and occupations, to a concern with how they make choices about education and work in general, through negotiating with various discourses around questions of gender, ethnicity/race, class and religion.
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Scales, Jonathan E. "Towards a longitudinal analysis of non standard employment in Britain : the case of men's self-employment." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284609.
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Shilcof, Daniel. "Entrepreneurship in the knowledge based economy : a spatial analysis of Great Britain 2008-2010." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3768.
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Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognised as an important component of the contemporary knowledge based economy and crucial to the attainment of economic growth and development. However, entrepreneurial activity varies significantly across space within countries. This thesis makes an original contribution by examining the determinants of spatial variations in entrepreneurship across sub-regions of Great Britain from 2008-2010. Through utilising newly available data on firm births and applying exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial econometric techniques, two prominent theories of entrepreneurship are examined. First, the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship posits that underutilised knowledge by incumbent firms creates entrepreneurial opportunities. The appropriation of these opportunities through entrepreneurial activity, in the form of a new firm, leads to dynamic knowledge spillovers, which generate economic growth. The empirical analysis presented in this thesis concludes that more knowledge intensive regions exhibit significantly higher firm birth rates; however the composition of the regional knowledge stock is critical, as a diverse knowledge stock generates more entrepreneurial opportunities. Second, several theories emphasise the importance of idiosyncratic knowledge and human capital, in the form of entrepreneurial ability, on the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The results of this thesis suggest that human capital is vital to the entrepreneurial process, and that university education is a greater source of entrepreneurial ability than labour market experience. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the regulatory burden of the public sector, financial constraints, regional unemployment, and the absence of a local entrepreneurial culture can significantly detract from regional entrepreneurial activity. In light of these results, there are several implications for policy which include: emphasising the importance of effective policy towards intellectual property rights, targeting entrepreneurial education initiatives towards university students and graduates, and reducing unnecessary public sector regulation that can act as a ‘barrier’ to entrepreneurship.
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Evans, Angela. "Cinema, entrepreneurship and society in the South Wales valleys, 1900 to the 1970s." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97647/.
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This thesis explores the role played by small-scale cinema entrepreneurs in the south Wales valleys in establishing cinema as the predominant cultural medium of the twentieth century. The focus and methodology draw heavily on the �new cinema history� that emerged in the early 2000s and champions a reorientation of cinema history away from a concentration on films as cultural products towards a more sociological approach that views cinema as a social institution located within specific community settings. The continuing dominance of small-scale cinema ownership in the south Wales valleys (in most areas of the UK, the major cinema chains, such as Odeon and ABC, came to control the market) meant that cinema proprietors were often prominent local figures. Not only did they exercise a considerable amount of influence on the audience experience, they were also active players in their local communities, cultivating relationships with civic leaders, contributing to a range of local good causes and promoting the community benefits of cinema. Given the controversial nature of cinema, they became adept �cultural brokers,� negotiating with regulatory authorities, appeasing oppositional groups whilst keeping a weather eye on fluctuating popular tastes. The divisive nature of cinema makes it an ideal lens through which to examine the dynamics of civil, social and commercial life of south Wales towns as they transitioned from conditions of economic boom to post industrial bust. The focus of this study is Bargoed in the Rhymney Valley, which was home to the Withers, one of the most important, and yet little known, cinema-owning families in south Wales. By holding the magnifying glass up to a single town and business the aim is to move beyond generalizations and examine closely how various social, economic and cultural forces interplayed at the local level.
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Rafiq, M. "Asian businesses in Bradford, West Yorkshire : A study of ethnic entrepreneurship in retailing, manufacturing and the service industries." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381009.
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Dawson, Christopher George. "Entrepreneurial aspirations and transitions into self-employment." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42863.
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This thesis uses data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and a small scale survey on student entrepreneurship conducted by the School of Business and Economics at Swansea University, in assessing entrepreneurial intentions and transitions into self-employment. Analysis of entrepreneurial motivations has largely been confined to 'push' versus 'pull' factors. Very few studies, if any, have analysed individual-specific factors associated with entrepreneurial motivations. In addressing this issue, the analysis documents the extent to which there is heterogeneity amongst the self-employed on the basis of the motivations that they report for choosing self-employment. Multivariate regression analysis is employed using a method to control for self-selection into self-employment. Background characteristics such as gender, educational attainment, housing tenure and region of residence are found to be important factors influencing entrepreneurial motives. Relative to males, females are less likely to show entrepreneurial intent and subsequently participate in self-employment, however little is known about precisely why this is. Using decomposition analysis, the gap in entrepreneurial intent probabilities is examined across gender. Attitudes towards risk are found to be a major factor associated with the gap in average levels of entrepreneurial intentions between males and female students, accounting for very nearly half of the total gap. Within Wales there seems to exist a widespread perception that the younger population views entrepreneurship less positively than their counterparts elsewhere in the UK. The analysis examines whether differences in entrepreneurial intention probabilities between Welshdomiciled and non-Welsh domiciled students can be explained by a range of demographic factors, family characteristics and psychological traits. Family and other background influences are found to be important contributors to the non-Welsh and Welsh gap, while differences in risk attitudes appear to provide the largest single component of the intentions gap between the two groups. Entrepreneurs may differ from non-entrepreneurs in terms of a range of personal characteristics, family and social background and personal resources. Cognitive or behavioural factors may also be important in determining who becomes an entrepreneur. Data from the BHPS indicates that unrealistic optimism is significantly and positively associated with the probability of being both self-employed and an aspiring entrepreneur. Furthermore, unrealistic optimism is found to be persistent and a factor affecting duration in selfemployment.
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Sheikh, Shariq Zia. "Socialisation effects on potential inheritors' career orientation and succession in South Asian family businesses in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10429.
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The aim of this thesis is to understand the phenomenon of succession among South Asian small family businesses based in Scotland. It explores the reluctance of the younger generation towards choosing family businesses as their careers. The thesis aims to understand the career orientation of potential inheritors leading to succession or a lack of succession by understanding their socialisation process. Thereby it integrates the literatures of family business succession, socialisation and career development. The thesis presents a conceptual framework of the nature/interaction of factors such as personal factors, familial, cultural, those pertaining to the economic environment, education and family business factors, its effects on Career Orientation and choice of Career pathways leading to succession or not among ethnic minority small family enterprises. This is presented in the context of the changing economic, social and cultural environment in which these businesses operate. Research questions focus on understanding the process of socialisation in a dual cultural context i.e. Asian as well as British, its effects on career orientations and most importantly on Asian family business succession. Although family business succession is presented as a widely researched subject area, this thesis particularly highlights the gaps arising due to an understanding that has specifically developed in the past from the founder or incumbent owners’ perspective. This thesis researched from the perspective of the potential inheritor, to understand the process of socialisation and its effects on career orientation leading to succession in Asian family businesses and contributes to fulfilling the theoretical gap in the literature. The focus of the empirical research is the Scotland based Asian community owned small retail businesses that are family owned. Succession is important for continuity and failure to succeed are seen to have adverse effects on the long term inter-generational continuity. At the same time succession among the second generation is looked at as a career choice which is influenced by a career decision making process. Hence a conceptual framework is necessary that looks at the concepts of socialisation, career decision making and succession together. Having the family and business interdependent in this complex system, it is not just the economic environment that shapes these factors, but also the dynamics within the family, society and community pressures, religion, a conflicting multigeneration perspective on business, culture and life in the UK. These demand a qualitative methodology, using personal interviews with both old and young generations and key informants as well as informal conversations with members of the community for sample selection, data collection and theory generation. The data collection process was guided by the newly formulated theoretical framework. Data was categorised as per themes from the framework and coded into categories in order to understand the process of socialisation and career orientation. This was then used to draw out the various career pathways that the individuals selected providing an understanding of reluctance towards joining the family business. The findings revealed that integrating the concepts of socialisation, career development and orientation provided a greater understanding of the process of decision making about succession among potential inheritors from Asian small family businesses. However, a number of other themes emerged from the findings, these are an emphasis on work-life balance as key to decision making. In addition, other themes that emerged were increased desire for paternal bonding, status and prestige from chosen careers, boundedness due to Asian stereotype, and parental or societal pressure and expectations. Moreover, trans-generational entrepreneurial continuity emerged as an important theme in which the older as well as the younger generation realised alternatives to continuing the existing family business and that true succession possibly is the transfer of entrepreneurial skills and abilities, something that the older generation developed and utilised when starting their own businesses as migrants. The thesis makes a contribution to the theoretical understanding of succession among South Asian family businesses. The findings emphasise the understanding of the succession process as a career decision making process particularly when looked at from the potential inheritors’ perspective. It also contributes to the socialisation literature by developing the multi-dimensional understanding of bi-cultural identity formation due to the dual impact of factors such as culture, religion, peers, family and broader society. This thesis also makes recommendations to policy by suggesting a conscious shift in policy orientation from the traditional first generation migrant to the young generation British Asian child of a migrant who due to their different socialisation has unique needs and orientations. The thesis recommends, on the basis of findings, for policy to be sensitive to the needs of the younger generation and for it to be focused on developing self-employment among this new generation of Asians.
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Wei, Chen-Chi. "Factors contributing to gender inequalities among South-Asian ethnic minorities in Britain : culture or structure?" Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497025.
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This thesis attempts to develop an analytical framework for understanding differences in gender inequalities across several ethnic groups living in Britain, and for exploring their evolution over time, in three settings: the household, the labour market and the occupational structure. The thesis evaluates whether differences in gender inequalities across ethnic groups in these settings disappear once "controlled" by ethnic groups' differences in economic, human, and social capitals, 5, thus providing a test of "culturalist" vs. "structuralist" approaches to gender inequalities. The thesis applies categorical principal component analysis to the construction of three robust indicators of economic, human, and social resources, and logistic and multinomial regression to test the main hypotheses. Analyzing data from the 2003 Citizenship Survey, the thesis provides a rich assessment of gender inequalities among Pakistani and Indian immigrants, showing how Indian and Pakistani women's disadvantages can be explained by the interplay of cultural and structural factors. Whilst part of these disadvantages disappears in the second generation, Pakistani women remain more vulnerable than Indian women to social pressures towards maintaining their traditional subordination to males due to disadvantages of Pakistani men.
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Müller, Stephan Johannes. "Ecology and impacts of the non-indigenous Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615635.
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Quraishi, Muzammil. "Muslims and crime : a comparative criminological study of South Asian Muslims in Britain and Pakistan." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/muslims-and-crime--a-comparative-criminological-study-of-south-asian-muslims-in-britain-and-pakistan(7be6aef3-fa63-4f2f-985e-f4bb51c7ad49).html.
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This thesis presents a comparative criminological examination of two South Asian Muslim communities in Britain and Pakistan. The work evaluates existing data regarding South Asian Muslims and crime highlighting the fact that this remains a largely under-researched field in contemporary British criminology. The study was framed by the following objectives: • To examine issues of offending and victimization amongst South Asian Muslim communities in Britain and Pakistan; • To examine the way Islamic criminal law (al-'uqūbāt) is understood and the impact of such understanding(s) on crime and social control among the sample; • To explore the nature of Islamophobia and its impact on South Asian Muslims in Britain and Pakistan; • To draw constructive policy-orientated conclusions in relation to offending and victimization experienced by South Asian Muslims. Issues of offending and victimisation are explored via essentially qualitative primary research within two sample communities, one in Pakistan (Sharifabad) and one in England (Haslingden). More specifically the study adopted an ethnographic methodology utilising diverse data gathering techniques which included anonymous semi-structured interviews with residents and officials; questionnaires; life histories, photographic data and diary keeping strategies. The research enabled the assessment of offending and victimisation by South Asian Muslims at an individual, community and global level, providing detailed evaluation of the social reality for South Asian Muslims and crime. The research was guided by a critical race theory (CRT) perspective which helps contextualise the experiences of South Asian Muslims within an historical framework. Particular policies, legislation and attitudes during British colonial rule in India are evaluated to assess how far they have been traced into the post-colonial social terrain. In sum, this work not only provides a comprehensive evaluation of key studies in this field but represents an essential contribution to our understanding of the complexities of crime and victimisation as experienced by South Asian Muslims.
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Welsh, Rita. "Internal barriers to small business development : a study of independent retailers from the Edinburgh South Asian community." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2009. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7305.
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This thesis presents a conceptual model of the nature/interaction of internal factors shaping individual ethnic minority micro-enterprise owners’ response to external threats in the business environment aimed to assist business support agencies developing/targeting appropriate help/support to enhance business development. Focus of the empirical research is Edinburgh Pakistani community owned convenience stores, as the failure to survive will adversely affect this community disproportionately reliant on the c-store sector and provision of related local social and economic benefits. The intangible influences on business approaches (education, experience, access to finance/business advice, personal values, goals, motivation, role models and cultural background) demands a qualitative, postmodern constructivist methodology, utilising social science adaptive grounded theory methods for sample selection, data collection/management, and theory generation. The initial conceptual model emerging from constant comparison analysis of qualitative interviews with a theoretical sample of 21 Edinburgh Pakistani c-store owners indicates key internal factors as start-up motivation, cultural influences and changing aspirations, awareness and acknowledgement of these influences on predominantly reactive responses to trading challenges varying widely. Comparison with wider ethnic minority/micro-enterprise research develops a conceptual model of the interacting internal barriers to minority community micro-enterprise development. Within any minority community and/or micro-business sector the owner’s response to changing business environments is shaped by three factors: motivation for self-employment and changing sojourner mentality; cultural influences and depth of social embeddedness; and generational aspirations and degree of economic embeddedness in the mainstream community. By taking the complex, multi-layered, individual, dynamic nature of these factors into account when developing and marketing business advice, support agencies can design and deliver products and services relevant to specific needs and resource availability. Raising owners’ awareness of the factors influencing business decisions will increase the potential for micro-enterprises to react proactively to external threats, with related benefits to individual owners, minority populations and the local community.
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Bhatti, Ghazala. "Asian children at home and at school : an ethnographic study." Thesis, n.p, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Simpson, Julian M. "South Asian doctors and the development of general practice in Great Britain (c.1948-c.1983)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:180175.
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Carter, Sara. "The role of farms in rural business development." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2203.
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In recent years the rural enterprise has become a key theme in small business research. Despite an extensive and increasingly sophisticated literature analysing rural firms, the research effort has largely excluded agnculture. This exclusion reflects a wider separation of agriculture and industry which is apparent not only in scholarship, but in the political, social and economic institutions which surround the farm sector. Although there have been persuasive arguments for a more multi-disciplinary approach to the analysis of rurality and calls for comparisons to be drawn between farms and other small businesses, few such attempts have been made and the analysis of rural business development remains charactensed by disciplinary polarity. This thesis seeks to redress this by analysing farms using conventional small business paradigms and methodologies. Three specific issues were examined: the extent to which farms conform to small business norms; the engagement of farms in additional business activities; and the differences between farms undertaking additional business activities and those maintaining monoactive approaches. The results reveal similarities between farms and other rural enterpnses and demonstrate the continued importance of farms as creators of employment and wealth in rural areas Importantly, farms are shown to have a hitherto, unrecognized role in accommodating and fostenng rural small firms in non-farm sectors. The study supports the view that multiple business ownership activities may have been under-reported in the small business research literature. Tins analysis suggests that additional business activities are best viewed as a continuum, from the diversification of existing assets to the establishment of independent and separately registered firms. Policy liberalization, demand side changes and shifts in the demographic profile of farm owners are expected to increase the number of faims engaging in additional business activities. These factors are also expected to increase the smulanties between farms and other rural enterprises. The thesis concludes that there are benefits to be gamed from the inclusion of the farm sector in small business analyses. The sector is dominated by family owned, small businesses that have largely survived the transition through generations. As such, the sector offers small business researchers a unique opportunity to analyse issues at the centre of small business debate Moreover, it is argued that a small business approach to the analysis of the farm sector offers a particularly relevant, but hitherto absent, insight into the future development of rural areas.
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Wang, Fang. "Local assessment of needs for consumer information and advice services in Great Britain : the development of a scientific conceptual model of assessment." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2010. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7319.
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UK consumers are facing a high level of detriment. Much of the detriment can be avoided or reduced by making consumers informed and well equipped with suitable levels of knowledge and skills thus become empowered. As one important element to consumer empowerment, there is a strong case that consumers need suitable consumer information and advice services (CIAS). In an attempt to improve the local CIAS provision in Great Britain, the Consumer Support Network (CSN) initiative was launched in 1999 to join up the existing local CIAS providers. A local CIAS needs assessment was required for each CSN to achieve full establishment status (Brennan and Galloway 2002). It was discovered during the period that there was a lack of a scientific local CIAS needs assessment model available for local agencies to employ. This triggered this research project which is aimed to fill this gap. Due to the fact that Northern Ireland was not included in the CSN initiative, it was decided that this research targeted Great Britain, namely England, Scotland and Wales, although the literature would be drawn from the UK to inform the research. In the UK, the majority of CIAS is publicly funded and provided by public and voluntary sectors. Due to the funding nature of local CIAS provision, the needs for CIAS can be defined as needs for public services in this research. A review of the existing literature provided detailed background on the UK consumer landscape and the consumer empowerment agenda. Two broader categories of issues surrounding the concept of needs for public services and needs assessment were also identified: the theoretical debate on needs for public services and needs assessment and specific practical issues concerning local CIAS needs and needs assessment. The research is focused on the latter, since the purpose of a local CIAS needs assessment is to provide practical guidance to assist local agencies to design and improve their services. This research aims to investigate and develop a scientific conceptual local CIAS needs assessment model. This aim was achieved by identifying the relevant practical issues surrounding local CIAS needs and needs assessment involving two research populations: the CIAS professionals, who are responsible for the delivery of local CIAS, and the general public, who are the recipients of CIAS. Due to the characteristics of these two research populations, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was chosen in this research. The CSN coordinators were chosen to represent the CIAS professionals in the first phase qualitative research. The transcriptions of 18 semi structured in-depth interviews were collected and analysed to generate the initial assessment model. The important part of the initial model, the needs for CIAS and its components, was tested and then modified in the second phase quantitative research based on the analysis of the data collected from 585 on-street questionnaire surveys of the general public in Great Britain which was chosen as the research population in the second phase. A purposive sampling was employed to ensure a good level of representativeness considering the resource constrains to this research. The employment of combined research methods ensures the assessment model is scientific by comparing and contrasting data from both local CIAS professionals and the recipients of local CIAS. The scientific attribute of the assessment model is also assured by employing scientific qualitative and quantitative data collecting and analysing techniques and procedures. The results of the two phases enabled this research to produce a scientific conceptual assessment model. The main product of this thesis, the new local CIAS needs assessment model, is evidence based, tailor-made, and ready to be employed by local CIAS agencies. This model consists of two sections, left and right: the needs assessment process and the practical issues of local CIAS needs. The left section includes the main stages of a local CIAS needs assessment and highlights the key issues associated with each stage. The right section illustrates the key components of CIAS needs and factors influencing CIAS needs: consumer knowledge and shopping patterns and their key components. The two effective means of local consumer segmentation, consumer disadvantage and consumer age, are also identified and illustrated in the section. The scientific CIAS assessment model could assist the professionals to gather evidence on local CIAS needs more effectively and systematically. The evidence could be used to improve the existing CIAS provision and design new CIAS to target any unmet needs identified. The evidence gathered, together with the relevant findings of this research, could also strengthen the case of local CIAS provision and better coordination with national CIAS provision such as Consumer Direct. The model could also benefit the professionals, policy makers and academia by comprehensively illustrating the components of CIAS need, the key relating factors and effective means for local consumer segmentation. The outcomes of the research also shed a light on the gaps in the literature thus identifies the possible areas of future research.
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Riley, David Daniel. "UK-US relations and the South Asian crisis, 1971." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99792/.
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This thesis investigates UK-US relations with regard to the South Asian Crisis of 1971. Through a focus on an understudied point of disagreement within the relationship between Prime Minister Edward Heath and President Richard Nixon, the thesis sheds further light on Anglo-American relations in the early 1970s. Through analysis of archival documents on both sides of the Atlantic, this thesis contributes to the growing revisionist literature that has moved away from a focus upon Heath’s pro-Europeanism as the cause of problems in the Anglo-American relationship at the time. Rather, a more nuanced approach that also investigates the impact of the secretive foreign policymaking style of the Nixon White House is taken into account. The thesis reveals the issues in communication and differences of interests that, in December 1971, led the UK and US delegations at the UN Security Council to tacitly advocate for opposite sides of a hot war in South Asia. The thesis assesses the effect that these heated disagreements had upon the Anglo-American relationship going into 1972 and 1973.
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Hosain, Sheema. "Re-examining the role of Islam and South Asian culture in the public discourse of forced marriage in the UK." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98933.
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In the late 1990's, various British news agencies reported cases of British-born South Asian Muslim women who forced into marriages. In 2000, the UK government produced a study that determined there were 400 British cases of "forced marriages" reported to UK police in a two year period. In response to these findings, the UK government launched an educational prevention campaign, in which they defined forced marriage as "a marriage conducted without the valid consent of both parties". I argue that, while the aim of the UK government's campaign is to promote the right of choice in marriage, they do not critically examine legal, religious, political and economic issues that may limit the ability of some British South Asian Muslim women to exercise that right. This study examines these issues to develop a better understanding of the link between culture, religion and forced marriage in certain British South Asian Muslim families.
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Kaplan, Thomas S. "'In the front line of the Cold War' : Britain, Malaya and South-East Asian security 1948-1955." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357624.
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Gill, Jagvinder. "Re-oriented Britain : how British Asian travellers and settlers have utilised and reversed Orientalist discourse 1770-2010." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35727/.
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Beginning with Edward Said's seminal text, I will question the assumption of Orientalism as a universal and didactic discourse that was conducted exclusively from the West to and for the East. Said's overarching condemnation of Orientalism as an exclusively Western hegemonic structure overlooks the paradigm that Indians were not just collaborative producers of the Orientalist text but selective readers as well. I will argue that the contribution made by the influx of colonised people from the periphery to the colonial centre from the eighteenth century onwards has historically been overlooked. Indian Orientalisms developed along their own particular axes by both utilising and reversing Orientalisms. Through this discursive utilisation, Indians were able to formulate responses to the dominant ideologies of Orientalism and as a consequence created new forms of discourse, both literary and historical. My thesis aims to illustrate that Indians, both in the colony and the metropole, were active and not passive agents in their negotiations of colonial as well as post-colonial space. This legacy needs to be recognised, as it continues to resonate and pose questions in contemporary times where the success of multicultural states in an increasingly globalised world is of paramount importance. Generically, I have adopted non-fiction as the best form in which to convey these hidden histories. Autobiographies, diaries, letters, memoirs and travelogues establish the fluidity and imaginative endeavour that existed between the colony and the metropole. These historical documents illuminate a deeply contested colonial and post-colonial world, where colony became home and home could become the colony. Ultimately, this project aims to identify the Orient within Britain itself and also argue that Indian travellers and settlers have engaged in similar "Orientalising" projects to render Britain intelligible for the Oriental mind, in ways that deconstruct the conventional Orientalist power relations associated with not only the high colonial period but also the pre and post colonial eras.
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Johal, Rupinder. "Towards a systemic understanding of honour-based violence : a qualitative study with South Asian women in Britain." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576113.
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Introduction: Honour-based violence (HBV). is a long-standing global phenomenon. Cultural expectations surrounding gender-roles are thought to contribute to its occurrence. This study focused on the South Asian community living in the UK. A review of relevant literature identified a need for research incorporating the views of South Asian women about their experiences of HBV to increase understanding of the phenomenon and address the elevated mental health concerns among such populations in response to this cultural and familial abuse. Existing research remains at a descriptive level and fails to explore the way in which survivors make sense of legal and social sanctioning of violence. At present there appears to be a gap in exploring survivor experiences of HBV in context rather than in isolation, which could help to tailor public services to protect and support these women. As such, the current study aimed to explore South Asian women's experiences of the system within which they suffered HBV. Method: A qualitative research design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five female survivors of South Asian origin of what they classified as honour-based violence. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to interpret the data. Results: Analysis yielded three themes which were 1) "I felt caged"; 2) "Get an arranged marriage, and that's it."; 3) "I just wanted to literally kill myself ... " The themes represented control, marriage, and psychological impact respectively. Discussion: This study both supported and challenged previous research in the area. It highlighted complex power-relations and more subtle forms of abuse than previously explored in HBV research and gave an insight to perpetrator perspectives through the lens of the survivor. Findings allowed the consideration of interventions, systemic and otherwise, which could be applied when working with both survivors and perpetrators of HBV in South Asian communities in Britain, as well as ideas for further research.
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Shain, Farzana. "A study of the experiences and responses of Asian young women currently in secondary education in Britain." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321697.
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Hawthorne, Kamila. "Overcoming cross-cultural differences in diabetes management : making diabetes health education relevant to a British South Asian community." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.674726.
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Gale, Richard T. "The Impact of Urban Planning Law and Procedure upon Religious Groups amongst the South Asian Diapora in Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508735.
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Haq, Muhibul. "The Role of Intangible Human Factors in Business Success in South Asian Ethnic Minority Small Businesses." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16888.
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Extant scholarship has paid considerable attention to exploring the impact of people-dependent intangible resources on business success but in large organisations only. Research about the role of these resources in small businesses, in general, and in ethnic minority small businesses, in particular, is scarce. The current study attempts to narrow this gap. Since it is impossible to study all the ethnic minority small businesses, this study uses a case study strategy that focuses on South Asian ethnic minority small businesses that deal in fashion. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, it uses the semi-structured in-depth interview method to collect data, and it espouses an inductive thematic technique for coding/analysis of the data. Five overarching themes emerged from the interview data. These are: business success; compassionate customer service; relationships; knowledge, experience, training and education; and ethnic culture and the wider economic and political environment.
Discussion of these themes leads to the formation of the culture-induced entrepreneurship model. According to this model, the continued success of these businesses is driven by the ethnic culture, while the existence of these businesses helps to maintain the culture in return. However, overdependence on the coethnic base might risk the future success of these businesses. This thesis concludes by highlighting its theoretical contributions to the culturalist view and the mixed embeddedness model of ethnic minority entrepreneurship and small business literature. The implications of this study for researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers, as well as its limitations and the possible future research paths, are also discussed.
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Bano, Samia. "Complexity, difference and 'Muslim Personal law' : rethinking the relationship between Shariah Councils and South Asian Muslim women in Britain." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1205/.
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At the outset of the twenty-first century and despite the challenges presented by the global networks and communities, conceptions of culture, religion and rights in the West remain firmly situated within the moral frameworks of western universalism and cultural relativism. Indeed it seems that the uncertainties of local and global conditions have only served to entrench cultural and religious diversity as fixed, bounded and uncontested. A striking feature of this development in the West has been the rigid adoption of liberal multiculturalism to accommodate the emergence and settlement of diasporic minority ethnic communities into mainstream society. More recently, the specific cultural practices that can lead to intra-family inequalities for women from minority ethnic communities as generated much discussion in political and social theory. While much of this literature has contributed to our understanding on the relationship between gender equality, justice and the limits of liberal multiculturalism, it also seems that the fluid and contradictory understanding of identities has been lost and replaced by the acceptance of culture as essentialized and homogeneous. In this context we have also witnessed the emergence of a 'culture of rights' and the 'politics of recognition' under the framework of human rights. Yet in the process the contestation over 'meanings' and the intermeshing and complexity of cultural and religious practices have in essence been lost, only to be replaced by static and fixed definitions of culture, religion, identity and community. It is within this context of liberal multiculturalism that we have seen the emergence and development of unofficial non-statutory bodies identified as Shariah Councils in Britain. Framed as sites upon which family law matters are resolved according to Muslim family law they have developed frameworks that are characterized by specific cultural and religious norms and values. This mobilisation of communities challenges the hegemonic power of state law and unsettles the multicultural project in its attempt to reconfigure social and legal discourse in matters of Family Law. Most interestingly, for the socio-legal scholar this process opens up the conceptual space in which to see in evidence the multiple legal and social realities in operation, within the larger context of state law, liberal multiculturalism and the rights discourse. This thesis explores the ways in which these bodies constitute as unofficial dispute resolution mechanisms between and within the context of local 'community' and the overarching determinancy of state law. Of particular concern is how gender is transformed through the position and participation of women in this process of 'privatized dispute resolution'. The discourses produced by the participants in such processes constitute and transform understandings of British Pakistani Muslim women that are significant to their position and autonomy in the family, home and community. Drawing upon fieldwork data and interview material the study explores the socio-legal reality of these women's lives in relation to the complexities of attachment, belongingness and identity that multicultural society introduces.
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Napier, Steven. "Political Development of Subaltern Education in Great Britain, the United States, and India." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337718264.
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Khan, M. G. M. "Asian companies incorporated in Britain : A study of growth and profitability of Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani owned companies, 1973-1982." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374929.
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Young, Matthew. "Racism, tolerance and identity : responses to black and Asian migration into Britain in the national and local press, 1948-72." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/11693/.
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This thesis explores the response of national and local newspapers to issues of race and black and Asian immigration in Britain between 1948 and 1972. Scholars have highlighted the importance of concepts of race, identity and belonging in shaping responses to immigration, but have not yet explained the complex ways in which these ideas are disseminated and interpreted in popular culture. The thesis analyses the complex role newspapers had in mediating debates surrounding black and Asian immigration for public consumption. By engaging with concepts of race and tolerance, newspapers communicated anxieties about the shape British culture and society would take in the postwar years. Their popularity granted them opportunities to lead attitudes towards black and Asian people and multiculturalism. The influences of social, political and cultural developments on both the national and local level meant newspapers often adopted limited definitions tolerance which failed to combat racism. In other cases, newspapers actively encouraged racist definitions of belonging which privileged their largely white audiences. In order to understand newspapers’ engagement with concepts of race and identity, this thesis analyses the various influences that informed their coverage. While the opinions and ambitions of prominent journalists had a significant impact on newspaper policy, the thesis highlights the language and genres newspapers used to appeal to large audiences. It argues that this had a significant influence on how responses to immigration were communicated in the public sphere.
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Drakopoulou, Sarah L. "Religious influences on the Thatcherite enterprise culture." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2637.
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During the 1980s, the government of Great Britain, led by Margaret Thatcher, promoted a political and economic ideology known in the demotic as the Thatcherite Enterprise Culture. This set of beliefs and actions included an encouragement of hard work, thrift, self-responsibility, and self-employment, as well as legislating for the support of small firms, privatisation, free markets and a strong - but minimal - central state. Behind the Enterprise Culture lay a religious paradigm, explicitly called upon by its chief creators, including Margaret Thatcher. The thesis builds an ideal-type of the Thatcherite Enterprise Culture, following a Weberian methodology, to form the major object of study. The work aims to discover whether the ideal-type under analysis is theologically coherent, and whether it can justifiably claim to be a continuation of Christian thought in this area. This thesis examines the development of Western European philosophy and theology as it relates to the key aspects of the Thatcherite Enterprise Culture, beginning with the Ancient Greeks and concluding with the Victorian Age of Enterprise. The historical review demonstrates that the Thatcherite Enterprise Culture is generally discontiguous with the tradition of religious thought, and in some instances is essentially in direct contradiction with important aspects of the tradition, such as the significance of the Incarnation. A review of the theological works of the Thatcherite Enterprise Culture and its critics adds to the findings of the historical examination, indicating further flaws and contradictions within Enterprise Theology. Critics of Enterprise Theology are found to be much more consistent with mainstream Christian Theology.
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Patel, Divya. "An exploration into women's choice and premarital experiences of arranged marriages within a South Asian community in Britain : an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2017. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/7388/.
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Arranged marriages are a common traditional practice within the South Asian community in Britain (Hemmings & Khalifa, 2013). There is ambiguity surrounding arranged marriage practices as the Home Office (2000) found practices vary from greatly coercive to completely consensual (Hemmings et al., 2013; Marcus, Begum, Alsabahi & Curtis, 2017). This is problematic as there is a lack of research which focuses on the psychological implications of arranged marriages, considering there is a varying degree of consent and pressure experienced. Therefore, this study explored the meaning of South Asian women’s lived premarital experiences of their arranged marriages, with particular attention to their experience of choice. Seven South Asian women in Britain were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, which captured the complexities and inter-subjective experiences within their cultural context (Smith, 1996). Four themes were identified: cultural and religious belief systems as influencers, the ripple of pressure, decision-making: negotiation of agency and choice, and self and identity. The themes highlight that women are confined within religious and cultural boundaries that guide their decisions. For South Asian women, permission is fundamental and being given a choice, is perceived as an indirect permission for women to exercise agency, to express their own needs and pursue behaviours in line with their identity. For these women, there were varying degrees of choice given to them at each stage of the process. Importantly, the experience of choice was meaningful for women, as this gave an opportunity for self expression and others caring about their wellbeing. Also, women experienced subtle pressure from their parents and the community, to ensure they uphold cultural duties. The premarital distress often led some women to subjugate their needs, and to accept and conform to alleviate psychological and emotional distress. Although some women exercised personal agency and pushed gender boundaries, many felt objectified due to the lack of involvement within the process, which challenged their sense of identity. This research informs clinical practice which is to provide South Asian women a safe therapeutic space to understand their own needs, tensions and feelings which may help women to feel connected to their experiences. Fundamentally, women voiced their need for more rights and involvement within the arrangement process, as their family’s needs were often prioritised. This research also proposes more community work for individuals to be aware of their basic human rights and to understand the subjective element of individual’s experiences in arranged marriages. Limitations and future areas for research are explored and discussed.
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Haria, Khushbu. "Being a British Asian Indian older adult in Britain : a qualitative exploration of experiences of multiple acculturation processes and familial care receiving." Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14497/.
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Objectives: The purpose of the study was to understand British Asian Indian older adults’ experiences of multiple acculturation processes and family care receiving. Design: The study followed a qualitative research methodology. Analysis was undertaken using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), to develop a deeper understanding of the participants’ experiences. Method: Six fully consenting British Asian Indian older adults, who had migrated multiple times before settling in Britain, were interviewed using semi-structured interviews in their preferred language. Findings: The study revealed that acculturation, following forced migration, may affect an older adults’ sense of self in a negative and positive way. Following forced migration to Britain, the participants tended to revert to protecting and preserving their Indian identity. The participants identified various cognitive and innate psychological strategies to manage the distress of acculturation. The study identified that the participants valued their Indian identity and tended to maintain it in old age through family care receiving experiences. However, living in Britain tended to cause tension with the family carer. The participants were reluctant to explore tensions of familial care, but did highlight various cognitive-behavioural, spiritual and innate psychological strategies to manage issues with the carer. The study suggests that care can be a multifunctional phenomenon as it can offer an opportunity to negotiate, mediate and represent one’s lost culture. Conclusions The study offers an insight into British Asian Indian Older adult’s lives and highlights the psychological meaning of care. Implications for clinical practice and further research are discussed.
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Sinnya, Utsav, and Nipesh Parajuli. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Why Immigrants choose to become self-employed? : A Qualitative study of South and Southeast Asian Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Umea City." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54651.
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After going through the literature on entrepreneurship we found that very little studies have been done whether culture and family business traditions influence the decisions of entrepreneurship. Most people from the South and Southeast Asia had cultural and family business backgrounds. The purpose of our study is to investigate if culture and family business traditions of South andSoutheast Asian immigrants affect their decision to become self-employed and if so how. This will enhance the understanding of whether this factor is also important to motivate the entrepreneurs to be self-employed. Most of the studies have pointed out the motivational factors such as pull factors and push factors as being the main influencing factors for immigrant entrepreneurs to choose self-employment. Although, there are various literatures on entrepreneurship and its motivating factors, cultural and family based business traditions, limited study has focused on showing how the cultural and family business background affect the decision making abilities of the entrepreneurs. We have focused on the immigrant entrepreneurs born in South and Southeast Asian region operating their businesses in Umea city. For conducting this study we have used semi-structured interviews from our six respondents to collect the data. Based on our findings we found that the entrepreneurs are influenced by culture and family business traditions. Their social identity plays an important role in motivating them to become entrepreneurs. These immigrants are exposed to business environment from a very early age which helps shape up their business minds. The experience gained from their parents and the cultural and family business traditions act as business opportunity for them in the host country. We believe that this study would be helpful in the future for other scholars who are willing to conduct further research on this particular topic of interest. Our findings have increased the understanding of how the cultural and family business traditions of South and Southeast Asian region do affect the entrepreneurs’ decision to become self-employed in Umea.