Journal articles: 'Asian-American discrimination'

1

Le, Thomas, Gilbert Gee, Lorraine Dean, Hee-Soon Juon, and Som Saha. "57963 The Impact of Asian American Perceived Discrimination on Health Utilization." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.623.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Understanding how perceived discrimination affects Asian Americans can help stakeholders target subgroups that are at highest risk of discrimination-related behaviors and design culturally appropriate interventions to ensure equitable access to healthcare. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed longstanding anti-Asian racism in the US. Yet, effects of discrimination on Asian American health are unknown, partly because diverse Asian American populations are analyzed in aggregate. We aim to understand how perceived discrimination affects healthcare utilization among different Asian American subgroups. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We examine the association of perceived discrimination with healthcare utilization using the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). In the CHIS, respondents reported whether they would’ve gotten better medical care if they belonged to a different race. We examine the association between these responses and physician visits within the past year, in the survey years 2003, 2004 and 2016-2017. We adjust for covariates based on the Andersen Health Behavior model. Subsequent modeling examines potential mediating and moderating factors such as limited English proficiency, immigration status, income, and survey year. Asian American subgroups analyzed include Asian Indian, Korean, Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Japanese, and other Asian. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results will highlight how perceived discrimination incentivizes or disincentivizes certain Asian subgroups to utilize healthcare. Asian American subgroups have differing and diverse experiences with discrimination due to their historical and cultural differences; results will elucidate how discrimination affects these subgroups. Results will be compared to non-Hispanic Whites, who represent the racial group least likely to experience discrimination in the US. Mediation and moderation analysis will help understand how traditionally cited factors for healthcare utilization interact with perceived discrimination on Asian Americans. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Asian American subgroups are understudied, despite Asian Americans being one of the fastest growing racial groups in the US. Understanding how perceived discrimination affects Asian Americans can help stakeholders target subgroups that are at highest risk of discrimination-related behaviors and design culturally appropriate interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Arcidiacono, Peter, Josh Kinsler, and Tyler Ransom. "Asian American Discrimination in Harvard Admissions." European Economic Review 144 (May 2022): 104079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104079.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sims, Ginette M., Maryam Kia-Keating, Adriana Sanchez, Natalie Beylin, Meghan Evans, and Miranda Tran. "Anti-Asian American Discrimination and COVID-19." International Perspectives in Psychology 11, no. 3 (July 2022): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000048.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Previous research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of discrimination on health and well-being, as well as how these incidents maintain and/or increase inequalities and disparities for marginalized groups. The COVID-19 pandemic and media scapegoating of Asian Americans have been linked to increases in hate crimes and other discriminatory incidents. As such, it is important to uncover the lived experiences of Asian Americans, in the context of a global crisis, to inform recommendations related to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 and 10 prioritizing health and equality ( United Nations, 2015 ). The current study advances existing research by investigating the qualitative impact of postpandemic discrimination experienced by Asian American young adults from immigrant households. Analysis revealed several main themes expressed by participants such as a distinct difference in the lived experience of hostility, xenophobia, racism, and discrimination pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 and the mental and physical health effects of discrimination-related stress, anxiety, and hypervigilance. Analysis also highlighted recommendations from participants for community support and resources. These findings align with emerging evidence demonstrating an increase in quantity and severity of discriminatory experiences among Asian Americans since the pandemic, as well as document the impact of these experiences on a sample of Asian Americans living through this unprecedented international event. Findings may inform interventions, programs, and policies to better serve Asian Americans, as well as directly and indirectly contribute to UN SDG 3 and SDG 10.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ju, Catherine, and Brian Carpenter. "ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION AND GRANDPARENT-GRANDCHILD RELATIONSHIPS IN ASIAN AND ASIAN AMERICAN YOUNG ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2341.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Asians and Asian Americans experienced an increase in exposure to racial discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethnic minorities may counter discrimination by actively strengthening their ethnic identity and engaging in behaviors designed to enhance ethnic and cultural identification, such as reaching out to people who personify their culture. Grandparents are one such resource to whom young adults may turn to learn about their cultural heritage. The current study examined the degree to which facets of Asian and Asian American grandparent-grandchild relationships were related to ethnic identity, particularly in response to exposure to discrimination. Asian and Asian American young adults (N = 102) completed survey questions related to their experiences with COVID-19-related racial discrimination, ethnic identification, and relational closeness and frequency of contact with grandparents. Overall, exposure to discrimination was not significantly associated with strength of ethnic identity. However, there was a significant positive association between strength of ethnic identity and frequency of synchronous contact with grandparents, rs(100) = .329, p < .001. Strength of ethnic identity and relational closeness with grandparents were also significantly positively correlated, rs(100) = .383, p < .001. In contrast to some previous research, results show that discrimination encountered during the pandemic may not be related to strength of ethnic identification. However, there is a strong relationship between Asian and Asian American young adults’ strength of ethnic identification and the nature of their relationships with their grandparents. These findings enhance understanding of how intergenerational relationships are related to ethnic identity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Young, Jennifer L., Grace Li, Laura Golojuch, and Haedong Kim. "Asian Americans’ Emerging Racial Identities and Reactions to Racial Tension in the United States." Emerging Adulthood 10, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21676968211051163.

Full text

Abstract:

Asian Americans hold a complex racial position in the U.S. They have been considered “honorary Whites,” unaffected by racial discrimination while simultaneously viewed as perpetual foreigners in their homeland. This study was conducted in the context of a historic uprising against racism and police brutality. Semi-structured interviews with 12 Asian American emerging adults explored how participants defined “Asian American” and their position in sociopolitical dialogue. An inductive/deductive thematic approach revealed: participants (1) challenged a monolithic Asian American identity, (2) experienced discrimination and stereotyping related to anti-Muslim sentiments, the “perpetual foreigner” stereotype, and the model minority myth, and (3) described a lack of visibility and representation of Asian Americans in the racial dialogue. In this time of increased racial tension, Asian American emerging adults face discrimination and stereotyping due to misconceptions about Asians. Participants demonstrated active engagement in racial meaning making and found solidarity in relationships with other racial minorities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Lui, P. Priscilla. "Racial Microaggression, Overt Discrimination, and Distress: (In)Direct Associations With Psychological Adjustment." Counseling Psychologist 48, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 551–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020901714.

Full text

Abstract:

Scholars in diverse disciplines have examined the associations between psychological adjustment and microaggression, and overt discrimination. It remains unclear whether the roles of microaggression in adjustment outcomes can be differentiated from the roles of overt discrimination and neuroticism. I examined the extent to which racial microaggression explained unique variances of negative affect, alcohol consumption, and drinking problems while controlling for overt discrimination and neuroticism among African American, Asian American, and Latinx American college students ( N = 713). Intervening roles of psychological distress linking microaggression and overt discrimination to adjustment outcomes were also tested. Among African Americans, microaggression and overt discrimination did not consistently predict psychological adjustment. Among Asian and Latinx Americans, microaggression and overt discrimination predicted negative affect via psychological distress. Microaggression also explained the variances of alcohol use outcomes among Asian Americans. Findings are discussed in the context of an acute racism reactions model and underscore the importance of considering overt discrimination and microaggression simultaneously as determinants of psychological adjustment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ishimaru, Stuart. "Employment Discrimination and Asian Americans." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 3, no. 2 (2005): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus3.2_1-15_ishimaru.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite the long history of Asian Americans of fighting for fundamental rights, Asian Americans appear to be less active in complaining about employment discrimination. For example, in 2003, Asian Americans filed proportionally fewer employment discrimination charges with the EEOC than other minority employees. This article examines the factors that create an atmosphere in which Asian Americans do not file as many charges of employment discrimination with the EEOC as one would expect. Also, it explores possible ways to motivate Asian American communities and individuals to engage in and recognize the community’s investment in the equal employment opportunity process. Specifically, it proposes additional outreach and education to Asian Americans to be informed of their rights as well as areas for further research and additional

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Cokley, Kevin, Brittany Hall-Clark, and Dana Hicks. "Ethnic Minority-Majority Status and Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Perceived Discrimination." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.33.3.u1n011t020783086.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines the role of perceived discrimination as a mediator of the relationship between ethnic minority-majority status and mental health in a sample of college students, of whom 246 were members of an ethnic minority (African American, Latino American, or Asian American) and 167 were European Americans. Ethnic minority students were significantly higher in perceived discrimination and significantly lower in mental health. African Americans were most likely to perceive racial discrimination, followed by Latino Americans, Asian Americans, and European Americans. Asian Americans reported the poorest mental health. Results of mediational analyses by ethnic status (minorities and majority) and across ethnic group pairings (Americans and European Americans, Latino Americans and European Americans, Asian Americans and European Americans) confirmed in every instance that perceived discrimination accounts for a modest part of the relationship between ethnic minority-majority status and mental health. We address the implications for mental health practice on college campuses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Yoo, Hyung Chol, Gilbert C. Gee, and David Takeuchi. "Discrimination and health among Asian American immigrants: Disentangling racial from language discrimination." Social Science & Medicine 68, no. 4 (February 2009): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kitano, Margie K. "Gifted Asian American Women." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 21, no. 1 (October 1997): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329702100102.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents an analysis of personal, socialization, and structural factors affecting the life-span achievement of 15 Asian American women identified as gifted through a national retrospective study of highly achieving women from African American, Asian American, Latina, and White backgrounds. Interpreted within a cultural-ecological framework, findings support earlier research suggesting that Asian American parents' experiences of discrimination in this country encourage an intense focus on educational achievement and hard work as a way to ensure success. Teachers and schools, which similarly value hard work, reinforce this behavior. However, parents' and teachers' support of these women's academic achievement alone does not fully prepare them for the workplace, where they will need to consider career options, think critically about social issues, and respond effectively to institutional barriers. As adults in the workplace, gifted Asian American women find that hard work alone does not ensure advancement because of personal (e.g., self-doubt) and structural (e.g., stereotyping) obstacles. Nevertheless, gifted Asian American women find the workplace highly satisfying, stimulating, and challenging. Implications for educators are offered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Burt, Isaac, Andy V. Pham, and June H. Hyun. "Reexamining Asian American Masculinity and the Model Minority Myth Through a School-Based Counseling Group." Professional School Counseling 25, no. 1_part_4 (January 1, 2021): 2156759X2110400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x211040032.

Full text

Abstract:

Adolescent Asian American males frequently encounter prejudice, discrimination, and emasculation, which result from and are exacerbated by the myth of the “model minority” group. This article provides school counselors with a group intervention, based on a collectivism and resiliency framework, for working with Asian American adolescent males. Recommendations regarding recruitment, screening, selection of participants, and group sessions underscore for school counselors the need to promote the well-being and resilience of Asian American males in school-based interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Walker, Denetra, and Allison Daniel Anders. "“China Virus” and “Kung-Flu”: A Critical Race Case Study of Asian American Journalists’ Experiences During COVID-19." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 22, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15327086211055157.

Full text

Abstract:

The researchers designed a critical race case study to represent media coverage by and experiences of Asian American1 journalists during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. After analyzing data inductively, the researchers drew upon critical race theory scholarship to apply the theoretical concepts of race consciousness, whiteness as property, and the hegemony of racial hierarchy to analyze Asian American journalists’ experience during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers used the Asian American Journalists Association’s repository of news coverage, webinars, and panels written and presented by Asian American journalists; in-depth interviews with Asian American journalists; and their social media posts about Asian American experience and the pandemic as data sources. Triangulated across the data sources, the following themes are represented: (a) Asian American Journalists: Living and Reporting Multiple, Intersecting Crises; (b) Anti-Asian American Discrimination and Racism; and (c) The Paradox of Asian American hypervisibility and invisibility; the subtheme is “Calling for Diversity, Equity, and Transformation in the Newsroom.”

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chan, Keith. "The Association of Acculturation with Overt and Covert Perceived Discrimination for Older Asian Americans." Social Work Research 44, no. 1 (March 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/swr/svz023.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Asian older adults are a fast-growing population in the United States. Because Asian older adults are a largely immigrant population, acculturation has an impact on their perceived discrimination, which is negatively associated with health and mental health. Discrimination can be overt, characterized by distrust and direct messages that are hostile and exclusionary, or covert, characterized by unfair treatment and messages that are negative and degrading. This study investigates the association of acculturation with perceived overt and covert discrimination, measured by the Everyday Discrimination Scale, with a sample of 348 foreign-born older Asian Americans from the National Latino and Asian American Study. Acculturation was measured by English-speaking ability, immigration-related variables, and ethnic identity. Results indicated that perceived covert discrimination was more prevalent than overt discrimination among older Asians. Among acculturation variables, only citizenship was associated with higher perceived covert and overt discrimination. Identifying with the same race was associated with higher covert discrimination. Findings suggest that higher acculturation is associated with greater exposure to discrimination for Asian older adults. Efforts to increase access and utilization of social and health-related services should consider the context of older Asians’ experiences as a discriminated immigrant group in the United States.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Jeung, Russell, Aggie Yellow Horse, Tara Popovic, and Richard Lim. "Stop AAPI Hate National Report." Ethnic Studies Review 44, no. 2 (2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2021.44.2.19.

Full text

Abstract:

This report offers aggregated national data and some selected personal testimonials about Asian American experiences with anti-Asian violence. The data is presented by types of discrimination and violence experienced, the ethnic breakdown of those being targeted, and the locations where Asian Americans were targeted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Thanasombat, Siri, and John Trasvina. "Screening Names Instead of Qualifications: Testing with Emailed Resumes Reveals Racial Preferences." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 3, no. 2 (2005): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus3.2_105-115_thanasombatetal.

Full text

Abstract:

In today’s California, Asian Americans and Arab Americans have diminished employment opportunities because employment agencies focus on their names, not qualifications. The Discrimination Research Center has documented the response rates to resumes submitted on behalf of men and women who have equal qualifications and ethnically identifiable names of Asian American, Arab American, Latino, African American and white backgrounds. Although potentially illegal and certainly unacceptable, results that showed that individuals with Arab or South Asian names, especially men, received the lowest response rates to their resumes were not particularly surprising in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 and subsequent changes in world affairs. Local animosity and antagonism ranging from discrimination to violence in response to events in the Middle East are well known and fit a historic pattern. Other statistically significant results showing Asian Americans receiving far fewer responses than white women applicants despite their comparable resumes suggest the persistence of long-held perceptions of Asian Americans as “foreigners”, not capable of “fitting in”, and reluctant to complain when wronged. Asian American community organizations and leaders may wish to replicate DRC testing in other parts of the United States or utilize these research results as a basis for workplace advocacy and litigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Williams, Chelsea Derlan, Kristina B. Hood, Oswaldo Moreno, Karen G. Chartier, Kaprea F. Johnson, Tiffany G. Townsend, Sally I.-Chun Kuo, Jasmin L. Vassileva, Danielle M. Dick, and Ananda B. Amstadter. "The Impact of COVID-19 Disruptions and Perceived Discrimination on Well-Being and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Testing the Moderating Role of Exercise Among African American and Asian American Emerging Adults." Emerging Adulthood 9, no. 5 (October 2021): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21676968211038793.

Full text

Abstract:

The current study tested whether COVID-19 disruptions and perceived discrimination were related to mental health (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms and emotional, psychological, and social well-being), and whether exercise moderated relations. Additionally, we tested whether findings varied by ethnicity/race. Participants were 368 African American and Asian American emerging adults ( Mage = 19.92, SD = .34). Findings did not vary by ethnicity/race. COVID-19 disruptions predicted poorer emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and more PTSD symptoms. Discrimination predicted more PTSD symptoms. Exercise was associated with better emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and moderated the relation between COVID-19 disruptions and emotional well-being. At low levels of exercise, COVID-19 disruptions predicted poorer emotional well-being, but this relation was not significant at high levels of exercise. Findings highlight that discrimination and disruptions during the pandemic negatively affect African American and Asian American emerging adults’ mental health, but that exercise plays an important protective role.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Wang, Jami, Brian Kato, and Davin A. Agustines. "Barriers to telepsychiatry in the geriatric Asian American population during COVID-19." Journal of Ideas in Health 5, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 727–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol5.iss3.236.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the increase in anti-Asian discrimination during COVID-19, there has been a decline in mental health in the Asian community, particularly in the geriatric population. Although the current literature tends to focus on the underutilization of telemedicine in the Asian American population due to cultural barriers, our research found that the barrier to access heavily contributed to this inequity. In this study, we discuss the limited language options for the geriatric Asian American population on a few large telepsychiatry platforms, including “Teladoc and BetterHelp”, during COVID-19. .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ho, Calvin N. "Talent Selection and the Reshaping of Asian North America." AAPI Nexus: Policy, Practice and Community 15, no. 1-2 (September 2017): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/1545-0317.15.1.57.

Full text

Abstract:

Policies that admit immigrants based on their education have dramatically reshaped the demographics of the United States and Canada. In the mid-1960s, facing pressures to open their borders to non-Europeans, both countries replaced previous policies of racial and nationality discrimination with new systems of socioeconomic discrimination. These policies explain the growth of Asian immigration from the 1970s onward, as well as the high levels of education among Asian immigrants and their descendants. Refugees and family migrants, however, added socioeconomic diversity. Recent developments in skilled immigrant selection programs will continue to shape Asian American and Asian Canadian demographics in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

DULEEP, HARRIET ORCUTT, and SETH SANDERS. "Discrimination at the Top: American-Born Asian and White Men." Industrial Relations 31, no. 3 (September 1992): 416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1992.tb00318.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Kim, Christina L., M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall, Tamara L. Anderson, and Michele M. Willingham. "Coping with discrimination in academia: Asian-American and Christian perspectives." Asian American Journal of Psychology 2, no. 4 (2011): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025552.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wang, Cixin, and Kavita Atwal. "School Climate, Discrimination, and Depressive Symptoms Among Asian American Adolescents." Contemporary School Psychology 19, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40688-014-0040-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Indriyanto, Kristiawan. "ARTICULATING THE MARGINALIZED VOICES: SYMBOLISM IN AFRICAN AMERICAN, HISPANIC, AND ASIAN AMERICAN LITERATURE." British (Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris) 9, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/british.9.2.20-36.2020.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study contextualizes how symbolism is employed by writers of ethnically minority in the United States as an avenue of their agency and criticism against the dominant white perspective. The history of American minorities is marred with legacy of racial discrimination and segregation which highlights the inequality of race. Literature as a cultural production captures the experiences of the marginalized and the use of symbolism is intended to transform themes into the field of aesthetics. This study is a qualitative research which is conducted through the post-nationalist American Studies framework in order to focus on the minorities’ experience instead of the Anglo-Saxon outlook. The object of the study is three playscripts written from authors from Mexican-American, African-American and Asian-American to emphasize how discrimination is faced by multi-ethnic. The finding suggests how symbolism in these literary works intends to counter the stereotypical representation of Mexican-American, aligns with the passive resistance of the Civil Right Movement and subvert binary opposition of East and West which exoticizing the East. Keywords : minority literature in the U.S , symbolism, post-national

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Strassle, Paula D., Anita L. Stewart, Stephanie M. Quintero, Jackie Bonilla, Alia Alhomsi, Verónica Santana-Ufret, Ana I. Maldonado, Allana T. Forde, and Anna María Nápoles. "COVID-19–Related Discrimination Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Other Marginalized Communities in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 3 (March 2022): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306594.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of COVID-19–related discrimination among major US racial/ethnic groups and estimate associations between discrimination, race/ethnicity, and other sociodemographic characteristics. Methods. We conducted a nationally representative online survey of 5500 American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Latino (English and Spanish speaking), White, and multiracial adults from December 2020 to February 2021. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19–related discrimination were estimated via multinomial logistic regression. Results. A total of 22.1% of the participants reported experiencing discriminatory behaviors, and 42.7% reported that people acted afraid of them. All racial/ethnic minorities were more likely than White adults to experience COVID-19–related discrimination, with Asian and American Indian/Alaska Native adults being most likely to experience such discrimination (discriminatory behaviors: adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73, 3.89; and AOR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.76, 4.04; people acting afraid: AOR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.15, 2.07; and AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.34, 2.51). Limited English proficiency, lower education, lower income, and residing in a big city or the East South Central census division also increased the prevalence of discrimination. Conclusions. COVID-19–related discrimination is common, and it appears that the pandemic has exacerbated preexisting resentment against racial/ethnic minorities and marginalized communities. Efforts are needed to minimize and discredit racially driven language and discrimination around COVID-19 and future epidemics. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):453–466. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306594 )

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Anderson, Amanda J., Afra Saeed Ahmad, Eden B. King, and Veronica Gilrane. "Subtle and Overt Behaviors Toward Ethnic Minority Leaders and the Moderating Role of Competence." Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 26, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 372–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548051819859289.

Full text

Abstract:

This study extends research on stereotypes and leadership to consider the subtle and overt behavioral responses to leaders from multiple ethnic backgrounds. Specifically, the study focuses on overt and subtle discrimination toward African American, Asian American, Middle Eastern American, and White male leaders. Results from an experiment measuring authentic reactions to leaders reveal that Asian American leaders were treated more negatively in comparison to White and Middle Eastern American leaders. Furthermore, individuating information about the leader’s competence marginally improved performance expectations of Middle Eastern American leaders compared with White and Asian leaders. However, African American leaders were treated less positively when information about competence was provided compared with when it was not. The findings suggest that the unique stereotypes of each ethnic group can affect the utility of providing individuating information about competence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ermis-Demirtas, Hulya, Ye Luo, and Yun-Ju Huang. "The Trauma of COVID-19–Fueled Discrimination: Posttraumatic Stress in Asian American Adolescents." Professional School Counseling 26, no. 1b (August 2022): 2156759X2211068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x221106814.

Full text

Abstract:

With the emergence of COVID-19 in China, East and Southeast Asian American (ESEAA) students have reported increased incidents of COVID-19–fueled discrimination in online and offline (in-person) settings. Given the recency of this situation, there is a scarcity of research investigating the impact of COVID-19–related discrimination on ESEAA adolescents’ mental health, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the current study, therefore, we provide evidence regarding the relations of COVID-19–fueled online and offline discrimination to PTSD symptoms in a sample of ESEAA high school students. We discuss study limitations; future recommendations; and implications for school leaders, school counselors, and other educators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Chen, Justin A., Emily Zhang, and Cindy H. Liu. "Potential Impact of COVID-19–Related Racial Discrimination on the Health of Asian Americans." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 11 (November 2020): 1624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305858.

Full text

Abstract:

Anti-Asian discrimination and assaults have increased significantly during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contributing to a “secondary contagion” of racism. The United States has a long and well-documented history of both interpersonal and structural anti-Asian discrimination, and the current pandemic reinforces longstanding negative stereotypes of this rapidly growing minority group as the “Yellow Peril.” We provide a general overview of the history of anti-Asian discrimination in the United States, review theoretical and empirical associations between discrimination and health, and describe the associated public health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, citing relevant evidence from previous disasters in US history that became racialized. Although the literature suggests that COVID-19 will likely have significant negative effects on the health of Asian Americans and other vulnerable groups, there are reasons for optimism as well. These include the emergence of mechanisms for reporting and tracking incidents of racial bias, increased awareness of racism’s insidious harms and subsequent civic and political engagement by the Asian American community, and further research into resilience-promoting factors that can reduce the negative health effects of racism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kwong, Kenny. "Career Choice, Barriers, and Prospects of Asian American Social Workers." International Journal of Higher Education 7, no. 6 (October 23, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n6p1.

Full text

Abstract:

The current study explored factors influencing career choices of Asian American social workers and assessed if their personal characteristics and career-related experiences affected their perceived glass ceiling, perception of ethnic discrimination, and perception of career prospects. A total of 208 Asian American social work administrators, supervisors, practitioners and graduate social work students participated in a comprehensive online survey. Participants provided basic demographic and career-related information and completed a set of measures to explore their reasons of choosing social work as their career, and their career perceptions and prospects. Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of their perception of ethnic discrimination, perceived glass ceiling, and perception of career prospects. The findings showed that altruistic reasons were very important to extremely important in their choice of social work as their career. Social work idealism was found to associate positively with both altruistic reasons and professional concerns of choosing social work. There was a significant relationship between participant’s immigration status and family influence on their career choice. Those who were not born in the U.S. were more likely to be influenced by their family in their career choice than those who were born in in the U.S. Those whose parents were not born in the U.S. were more likely to be influenced by their family expectations on their career choice than either of their parents was born in the U.S. Perceptions of organizational fairness was found to be a strong predictor of perceived glass ceiling, perception of ethnic discrimination, and perception of career prospects. Implications of the findings for social work education and future research were discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sabie-Aridi, Amalisha S., Darrell Norman Burrell, Calvin Nobles, Kevin Richardson, and Roxanne Elliott Kemp. "Challenging and Changing Discrimination Against Asian-American Cybersecurity and Engineering Employees in Information Technology Workplaces." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.305835.

Full text

Abstract:

Duvall Systems is a government information technology, and cybersecurity consulting firm focused on providing high-tech consulting support for U.S. federal government agencies. Duvall has experienced a series of discrimination complaints from Asian-American employees related to workplace mistreatment. These complaints relate to a hostile work environment, discrimination in promotions, and employee evaluations. Many of the complaints have been driven by racist attacks against Asian-American employees blaming them for COVID-19. The focus of the study is an exploration of diversity and inclusion in a cybersecurity consulting company. An action research approach used included fact-finding interviews, barrier analysis, company policy assessments, content analysis of the problem in the literature, and recommendations based on the amalgamation of the triangulated data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Park, Saemyi. "Asian Americans’ Perception of Intergroup Commonality with Blacks and Latinos: The Roles of Group Consciousness, Ethnic Identity, and Intergroup Contact." Social Sciences 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110441.

Full text

Abstract:

This study explores the factors that influence Asian Americans’ perception of interracial commonality with Blacks and Latinos. Using the 2018 Civic Engagement and Political Participation of Asian Americans Survey, this research tests a model of competing theoretical explanations for Asian Americans’ intergroup commonality: group consciousness, group identity, views of discrimination, and intergroup contact. Results from ordered logistic regression analyses suggest that group consciousness, ethnic identity, and intergroup contact via friendship are robust predictors of Asian Americans’ feelings of closeness to Blacks and Latinos. However, Asian Americans’ perceptions of discrimination are unlikely to result in higher levels of the perceived commonality with outgroups. This study provides a valuable addition to the existing literature on interminority relations by identifying opportunities for Asian Americans to join cross-racial alliances. The conclusion of the article points to the important role that community-based organizations can play in bringing specific Asian American ethnic groups into such coalitions and promoting direct interactions between Asian Americans and other racial groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Brady, Jennifer L., Aylin Kaya, Derek Iwamoto, Athena Park, Lauren Fox, and Marcus Moorhead. "Asian American Women’s Body Image Experiences." Psychology of Women Quarterly 41, no. 4 (September 19, 2017): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684317725311.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of our study was to explore Asian American women’s body image experiences from an intersectional framework. Utilizing grounded theory methodology, we sought to understand how gender and race intersect with unique experiences of oppression to contribute to body dissatisfaction among Asian American women. Twenty Asian American undergraduate women born in the United States participated in semi-structured interviews. The core category “body image” was composed of attitudes and perceptions about body weight, shape, and size; facial features (e.g., eye size); and skin complexion or tone. Five categories emerged that informed the body image experiences of Asian American women: (1) navigating cultural beauty norms, (2) experiences of sexism and racism, (3) parental influences, (4) peer influences, and (5) identity management processes. Each of these categories appeared to have both positive and negative consequences for appearance evaluation, ranging from self-consciousness to confidence. Participants also described coping strategies for managing these experiences. We encourage psychologists and clinicians to consider culture-specific beauty standards for Asian American women as well as salient racial and cultural factors (e.g., perceived discrimination and biculturative stress) that may influence body image beliefs. Our results offer a new model for understanding Asian American women’s body dissatisfaction as rooted in experiences of racism and sexism. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ' s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Oh, Hans, Sasha Zhou, and Rachel Banawa. "The Mental Health Consequences of Discrimination Against Asian American/Pacific Islanders." Psychiatric Services 72, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202100224.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Nadimpalli, Sarah B., and M. Katherine Hutchinson. "An Integrative Review of Relationships Between Discrimination and Asian American Health." Journal of Nursing Scholarship 44, no. 2 (May 2, 2012): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01448.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Kiang, Lisa, and Kalpa Bhattacharjee. "A narrative-linguistic approach to understanding Asian American adolescents’ discrimination experiences." Asian American Journal of Psychology 7, no. 1 (2016): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/aap0000036.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Narasaki, Karen, and June Han. "Asian American Civil Rights Advocacy and Research Agenda After 9/11." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 2, no. 1 (2004): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus2.1_1-17_narasakietal.

Full text

Abstract:

This article discusses the anti-immigrant sentiment after 9/11 and focuses on Asian American’s research agenda and advocacy plans to identify the problem and offer suggestions to mitigate it. The aftermath of 9/11 resulted in discrimination and violence against minorities, and therefore adversely affected their economic conditions and limited their opportunities. 9/11 also exposed the lack of adequate system of research and data regarding Asian Americans that would be necessary to influence the nation’s legislative institutions. The introduction of governmental policies to increase national security is explored as inefficient, biased and complicate existing major problems that immigrants face. 9/11 resulted in increased racial profiling, which highlights the government’s lack of policies protecting immigrant rights. 9/11 affected the immigrant issues of legalization, voting rights, employment discrimination, language barriers, legal services, and the effects of welfare reform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

dela Cruz, Melany, and Loh-Sze Leung. "Opportunities for Community - University Partnerships: Implementing a Service-Learning Research Model in Asian American Studies." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 1, no. 1 (2003): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus1.1_47-66_delacruzetal.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the last quarter century, many Asian American Studies (AAS) programs have gradually gained academic legitimacy within universities as part of the movement for Ethnic Studies. The pressures of fighting for legitimacy in a system where research, not community-based work, is rewarded mean that the growing institutionalization of AAS has made the majority of programs and courses less accessible to communities. This article calls for AAS to take a more active, practical, and broader approach in reaching out to Asian Pacific Americans (APA) in our community, especially the underserved who face several obstacles in achieving their goals due to lack of access, lack of education, and discrimination. Asian American Studies now devotes a smaller share of its growing resources to community-orientated and community-based courses than at its inception, exacerbating the divide between the university and APA communities. Asian American Studies must return to its roots as a social agent in a broader social movement for equality and justice. This article introduces a service-learning research model that is one approach to linking the Asian Pacific American community with university Asian American Studies departments and programs across the nation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Helen H. Yu. "Structural Racism in the Federal Workplace: An Intersectional Approach to Examining Race-Based Discrimination in Law Enforcement." Journal of Social Equity and Public Administration 1, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/jsepa.v1i1.4783.

Full text

Abstract:

Law enforcement has historically been an institution resistant to both women and racial minorities, evident by decades of research on workplace discrimination in local policing. Missing, however, from this research are the workplace experiences of minority officers in federal policing, a growing domain in law enforcement scholarship. This article examines perceived encounters of race-based discrimination and its subsequent outcomes to reporting behavior between White and minority officers. Findings suggest that all minority race or ethnic subgroups except one (e.g., Black/African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, multi-racial, and Hispanic/Latino officers respectively) were more likely to perceive experiencing race-based discrimination in comparison to White officers, although only three of the minority subgroups (e.g., Black/African American, multiracial, and Hispanic/Latino officers, respectively) were more likely to report the unlawful conduct. Likewise, comparisons between officers of color found that Black/African American women were more likely to perceive experiencing race-based discrimination in comparison to men of color.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Li, Yue, Zixuan Wang, and Wei Li. "Asian-Americans in COVID-19: A Literature Review of Mental Health Status and Service Use." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 1, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/lnep.iceipi.2021230.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: Reports of racial discrimination against Asian Americans has surged during the Covid-19 pandemic. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of Asian Americans' mental health status during Covid-19 and an assessment of the barriers and disparities within Asian Americans mental health service delivery. Methods: Four databases and the publisher The Lancet were chosen to search journal articles regarding Asian Americans' mental health status and service use. The increasing racial discrimination was examined as a critical parameter to assess Asian Americans' mental health status. The accessibility of mental health services and the responsiveness of Asian Americans appropriate needs were studied by gender, subgroups and other moderating factors. Results: A total of 49 studies met the review criteria. Asian Americans encountered increasing coronavirus-related discrimination and presented a deteriorated mental health state during Covid-19. A high rate of informal/non-professional mental health service use and an overall low rate of professional service use were found in Asian Americans. Inaccurate self-reporting and diagnosis, language barriers, financial difficulty, and the lack of health insurance and education are contributing factors of the unmet needs of Asian Americans when seeking mental health services. Conclusions: Possible reasons that explain Asian Americans mental health issues reside in socio-economic factors such as cultural differences, limited English proficiency, and low prevalence rates of health insurance and education. Evidence-based policies against racism, inter-ethnic connections, and cultural identity understanding are needed on national and community levels to address Asian hate crimes and discrimination. Virtual mental health services, culture-specific forms of intervention and treatment responses and appropriate education about Asian American mental health issues can help improve Asian Americans' mental health conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Chen, PhD, RN, PMHNP-BC, Angela Chia-Chen, SeungYong Han, PhD, Wei Li, PhD, Karen J. Leong, PhD, and Lihong Ou, MSN, RN. "COVID-19 and Asian American college students: Discrimination, fear, and mental health." Journal of Emergency Management 19, no. 9 (July 1, 2021): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0598.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Our research addressed double victimization among Asian Americans by COVID-19 and anti-Asian racial discrimination during the pandemic. Guided by the Vulnerable Populations framework that argues that health status reflects the dynamic interplay between resource availability and relative risk, we investigated time-sensitive questions that explored relative risk (perceived racial discrimination, fear of COVID-19), resources (COVID-19 prevention knowledge, resilience), and mental health status (post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression) in Asian American undergraduate and graduate students during the pandemic.Methods: A mixed-methods research was conducted to examine the relationships among the relative risk, resources, and mental health outcomes in this population. We adapted questions from valid and reliable measures to assess key variables. Descriptive and regression analyses along with content analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data.Results: Our sample included 74 Asian American students (AA students) who participated in the online survey (53 complete cases were included in the statistical analysis) and an additional 10 AA students who were interviewed via Zoom. The results of hierarchical regression models confirmed a positive association between fear of COVID-19 and both mental health outcomes (PTSD and depression), and a negative association between COVID-19 prevention knowledge and mental health outcomes. Perceived racial discrimination was significantly and positively associated with PTSD and depression while controlling for sociodemographic variables. However, its association with outcomes diminished when fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 prevention knowledge were added to the models. Our interview results supported the survey findings with more nuanced details not revealed in the survey.Conclusion: The findings of this research will help public health officials and universities identify practices useful for promoting culturally congruent safety and protection in response to pandemics and other health emergencies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Nakanishi, Don T. "Transforming Asian Pacific America: The Challenges of Growth and Diversity." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300212.

Full text

Abstract:

The concept of Asian Pacific panethnicity is examined in the light of the growing numbers and diversity of the population in the 1990s. The term “Asian American” originated in the civil rights period of the 1960s to help unify Asian groups in the common struggle against negative stereotypes and discrimination. Revised immigration laws, new immigrant groups and continued hostility have brought new challenges, and it is argued that Asian Pacific Americans as a group can provide important leadership for the U.S.‘s transformation to a more truly multicultural society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Martin, Philip L. "Development, Employment, and Migration." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300213.

Full text

Abstract:

The concept of Asian Pacific panethnicity is examined in the light of the growing numbers and diversity of the population in the 1990s. The term ‘Asian American’ originated in the civil rights period of the 1960s to help unify Asian groups in the common struggle against negative stereotypes and discrimination. Revised immigration laws, new immigrant groups and continued hostility have brought new challenges, and it is argued that Asian Pacific Americans as a group can provide important leadership for the U.S.'s transformation to a more truly multicultural society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Takeda, Okiyoshi. "A Forgotten Minority? A Content Analysis of Asian Pacific Americans in Introductory American Government Textbooks." PS: Political Science & Politics 48, no. 03 (June 19, 2015): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096515000190.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTTextbooks are the most important pedagogical tools in higher education and they should convey sufficient and accurate information on minority groups and women in the United States. Yet textbooks tend to marginalize these groups in their depictions. This article examines the coverage of Asian Pacific Americans in twenty-eight American Government or Politics textbooks. Asian Pacific Americans have faced a unique history of exclusion, discrimination, and stereotyping. The content analysis of the textbooks reveals that textbooks do not fully cover their history and contributions to US politics, either measured by page numbers or by historical events and figures important to Asian Pacific Americans. To rectify this lack of coverage, this article concludes with five constructive recommendations, including an option to invite scholars on Asian Pacific American politics to serve as textbook reviewers and textbook coauthors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ibaraki, Alicia Y. "A Call to Action for Psychology in the Wake of Anti-Asian Violence." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 26, no. 2 (2021): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn26.2.78.

Full text

Abstract:

Anti-Asian violence has been on the rise since March 2020. Recent data on rates of discrimination and violence as well as the impact on Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) mental health is presented and discussed in the context of common stereotypes about AAPIs. Suggestions for how the field of psychology can be helpful in responding to anti-Asian hate are offered. The article concludes with a message to AAPI psychology students about caring for themselves and finding community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Takagi, Dana Y. "From Discrimination to Affirmative Action: Facts in the Asian American Admissions Controversy." Social Problems 37, no. 4 (November 1990): 578–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1990.37.4.03a00110.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Takagi, Dana Y. "From Discrimination to Affirmative Action: Facts in the Asian American Admissions Controversy." Social Problems 37, no. 4 (November 1990): 578–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/800583.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Liu, Tao, and Y. Joel Wong. "The intersection of race and gender: Asian American men’s experience of discrimination." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 19, no. 1 (January 2018): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/men0000084.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Woo, Bongki, Dale Dagar Maglalang, Samuel Ko, Michael Park, Yoonsun Choi, and David T. Takeuchi. "Racial discrimination, ethnic-racial socialization, and cultural identities among Asian American youths." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 26, no. 4 (October 2020): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000327.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Liang, Christopher T. H., Anisha Nathwani, Sarah Ahmad, and Jessica K. Prince. "Coping With Discrimination: The Subjective Well-Being of South Asian American Women." Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 38, no. 2 (April 2010): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2010.tb00116.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ermis-Demirtas, Hulya, Ye Luo, and Yun-Ju Huang. "The Impact of COVID-19-Associated Discrimination on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Asian American Adolescents." International Perspectives in Psychology 11, no. 3 (July 2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000049.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Given the potential adverse impact of COVID-19-associated discrimination (CAD) targeting Asian Americans, we investigated the relationship between online and in-person CAD and mental health outcomes in a sample of East and Southeast Asian American (ESEAA) high school students ( n = 114). The study findings revealed that students with experiences of CAD in online and offline settings reported higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms above and beyond the traumatic events and lifetime discrimination they endured in life. These results support the need and urgency to attend to the unique challenges in the ESEAA students related to CAD and their mental health outcomes. We provided implications for practice when working with this population and discussed study limitations and recommendations for future research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Alteri, Ashley M. "Side-Effects of Representation: Measuring the Impact of Representative Hiring on Employment Discrimination Complaints." Administration & Society 52, no. 10 (May 8, 2020): 1562–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399720915293.

Full text

Abstract:

Since 1978, the government has been implementing programs to combat the underrepresentation of minorities in federal employment. However, representative bureaucracy literature has done little to examine the impact these initiatives are having on the workplace. This article examines the relationship between changes in representation and discrimination complaints. Increases in the ratio of minority and female employees predict an increase in the rates of race and sex-discrimination complaints, respectively. Increases in the ratio of Black/African American and Asian employees predict an increase in race-discrimination complaints. However, the ratio of employees ages 40 or above did not predict changes in age discrimination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Hahm, Hyeouk Chris, Yoonsook Ha, Judith C. Scott, Venissala Wongchai, Justin A. Chen, and Cindy H. Liu. "Perceived COVID-19-related anti-Asian discrimination predicts post traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Asian and Asian American young adults." Psychiatry Research 303 (September 2021): 114084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114084.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Asian-American discrimination'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles