Relevant bibliographies by topics / Asia, Central – Climate

Academic literature on the topic 'Asia, Central – Climate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Asia, Central – Climate"

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Zhang, Jingjing, Xingming Hao, Haichao Hao, Xue Fan, and Yuanhang Li. "Climate Change Decreased Net Ecosystem Productivity in the Arid Region of Central Asia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214449.

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Numerous studies have confirmed that climate change leads to a decrease in the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of terrestrial ecosystems and alters regional carbon source/sink patterns. However, the response mechanism of NEP to climate change in the arid regions of Central Asia remains unclear. Therefore, this study combined the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA) and empirical models to estimate the NEP in Central Asia and quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of the NEP to climate factors. The results show that although the net primary productivity (NPP) in Central Asia exhibits an increasing trend, it is not significant. Soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) has increased significantly, while the NEP has decreased at a rate of 6.1 g C·m−2·10 a−1. Spatially, the regional distribution of the significant increase in RH is consistent with that of the significant decrease in the NEP, which is concentrated in western and southern Central Asia. Specifically, the NPP is more sensitive to precipitation than temperature, whereas RH and NEP are more sensitive to temperature than precipitation. The annual contribution rates of temperature and precipitation to the NEP are 28.79% and 23.23%, respectively. Additionally, drought has an important impact on the carbon source/sink in Central Asia. Drought intensified from 2001 to 2008, leading to a significant expansion of the carbon source area in Central Asia. Therefore, since the start of the 21st century, climate change has damaged the NEP of the Central Asian ecosystem. Varying degrees of warming under different climate scenarios will further aggravate the expansion of carbon source areas in Central Asia. An improved understanding of climate change impacts in Central Asia is critically required for sustainable development of the regional economy and protection of its natural environment. Our results provide a scientific reference for the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and global emissions reduction.
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Akmatalieva, A. M. "Foreign Policy Tools for Water Management in Central Asia." Post-Soviet Issues 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2021-8-3-361-368.

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This article is devoted to the issue of ineffective and irrational water management in Central Asia. Water management has gained transboundary character, states are divided by their upstream and downstream status and water is perceived as unlimited natural resource which requires new approaches. Author proposes foreign policy tools for water management as constant political dialogue, establishment of permanent body on water management and initiation of projects within China’s Belt and Road imitative, US’s Greater Central Asia and Russia’s Greater Eurasia platform. The vital importance of water as natural resource for life and human development is unquestionable and needs special attention in the context of the climate change and growing population of the Central Asian region. Asian Development Bank has provided three recommendations to Central Asian governments in facing climate change as expanding the supply of water available in the future; increasing the productivity of water; and reducing future demand for water. With predictions of the UN Population Prospects by 2050 Central Asia will have about 100 million inhabitants which undoubtedly will also increase the need for water resources. Taking into acount such factors as climate change and growing population the need for water resources will become only vital in the neearest future and demand for effective and rational water management must be already on the regional agenda.
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Burkhanov, Umar, and Feruza Saburova. "HOW MIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECT MICROECONOMIC WELLBEING IN CENTRAL ASIA." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 22, 2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.905.

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Climate change may pose serious challenges to the economies of Central Asian countries, but in-depth studies on a national level are lacking. The paper is aimed to contribute filling this gap and devoted to assessing the economic impacts of climate change in selected areas of Central Asia. The methods of the desk study and documental analysis are used to summarize the adverse effects of climate change in rural livelihoods. Moreover, the preliminary results of the survey conducted in selected regions of Fergana valley within MikroKlima project used as a corresponding data for economic impact analysis on a household level. The results reveal that the effects of unfavorable weather conditions uneven for short and long term, and across Central Asia. Moreover, the most potential damage from climate change will affect the rural population, and there is also a high positive correlation between water shortage, increased aridity, and poverty, aggravated by climate change.
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Berndtsson, Ronny, and Kamshat Tussupova. "The Future of Water Management in Central Asia." Water 12, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082241.

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Central Asia is an increasingly important strategic geopolitical region. During the latest decades, the region has often been identified as close to potential conflict regarding water usage. This includes the sharing of water from the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya in the Aral Sea Basin. The Aral Sea disaster has exposed a complex picture of water needs and potential political conflict. Rapid population increase together with climate change impacts are likely to further aggravate the short- and long-term future precarious situation for water management in the region. This Special Issue focuses on present and future water management issues in Central Asia in view of future climate changes and how these will affect socioeconomic development. Central Asia is, in general, water rich; however, exercising efficient and fair water management will be important in view of future population increase and climate change. At the same time, water and natural resource development is a cornerstone in all the Central Asian republics. Especially, water resources are, to a great extent, shared between all five republics. A common ground for water-sharing is, therefore, of utmost importance.
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Han, Ying, Tianhe Wang, Ruiqi Tan, Jingyi Tang, Chengyun Wang, Shanjuan He, Yuanzhu Dong, Zhongwei Huang, and Jianrong Bi. "CALIOP-Based Quantification of Central Asian Dust Transport." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061416.

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Central Asia is one of the most important sources of mineral saline dust worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of Central Asian dust transport is essential for evaluating its impacts on human health, ecological safety, weather and climate. This study first puts forward an observation-based climatology of Central Asian dust transport flux by using the 3-D dust detection of Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). The seasonal difference of transport flux and downstream contribution are evaluated and compared with those of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Central Asian dust can be transported not only southward in summer under the effect of the South Asian summer monsoon, but also eastward in other seasons under the control of the westerly jet. Additionally, the transport of Central Asian dust across the Pamir Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau is also non-negligible, especially during spring (with a transport flux rate of 150 kg m−1 day−1). The annual CALIOP-based downstream contribution of Central Asian dust to South Asian (164.01 Tg) is 2.1 times that to East Asia (78.36 Tg). This can be attributed to the blocking effect of the higher terrain between Central and East Asia. Additionally, the downstream contributions to South and East Asia from MERRA-2 are only 0.36 and 0.84 times that of CALIOP, respectively. This difference implies the overestimation of the wet and dry depositions of the model, especially in the low latitude zone. The quantification of the Central Asian dust transport allows a better understanding of the Central Asian dust cycle, and supports the calibration/validation of aerosol-related modules of regional and global climate models.
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Penev, Slavica. "Investment Climate and Foreign Direct Investment Trends in the South Caucasus and Central Asia." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10033-007-0013-1.

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Investment Climate and Foreign Direct Investment Trends in the South Caucasus and Central AsiaThis paper analyzes and compares investment climates and trends in the South Caucasus and Central Asia. The analyses and comparisons were conducted in view of the impacts of transitional progress, economic development, and the energy reserves from these regions on the inflow of foreign direct investment. Improvement of the investment climate by accelerating the transition process and reducing investment risks can be seen as the most important determinants of FDI inflows into the countries of these two regions. Structural diversification of South Caucasian and Central Asian natural resource-based economies would be essential in ending dependence on the energy and mining sectors and would have positive long-term effects on economic growth and the investment climate, and attract other, additional types of FDI.
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Balcerak, Ernie. "New record of climate history in central Asia." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no. 8 (February 21, 2012): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo080018.

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Mannig, Birgit, Markus Müller, Eva Starke, Christian Merkenschlager, Weiyi Mao, Xiefei Zhi, Ralf Podzun, Daniela Jacob, and Heiko Paeth. "Dynamical downscaling of climate change in Central Asia." Global and Planetary Change 110 (November 2013): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.05.008.

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Heinold, Bernd, and Ina Tegen. "Modelling mineral dust in the Central Asian region." E3S Web of Conferences 99 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199902012.

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In Central Asia, climate and air quality are largely affected by local and long-travelled mineral dust. For the last century, the area has experienced severe land-use changes and water exploitation producing new dust sources. Today global warming causes rapid shrinking of mountain glaciers with yet unknow consequences for dust and its climate effects. Despite the importance for a growing population, only little is known about sources, transport pathways and properties of Central Asian dust. A transport study with a global aerosol-climate model is undertaken to investigate the life cycle of mineral dust in Central Asia for the period of a remote-sensing campaign in Tajikistan in 2015–2016. An initial evaluation with sun photometer measurements shows reasonable agreement for the average amount of dust, but a significant weakness of the model in reproducing the seasonality of local dust with maximum activity in summer. Source apportionment reveals a major contribution from Arabia throughout the year in accordance with observations. In the model, local sources mainly contribute in spring and autumn while summer-time dust production is underestimated. The results underline the importance of considering long-range transport and, locally, a detailed representation of atmospheric dynamics and surface characteristics for modelling dust in Central Asia.
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Gerlitz, Lars, Eva Steirou, Christoph Schneider, Vincent Moron, Sergiy Vorogushyn, and Bruno Merz. "Variability of the Cold Season Climate in Central Asia. Part I: Weather Types and Their Tropical and Extratropical Drivers." Journal of Climate 31, no. 18 (September 2018): 7185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0715.1.

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To understand the atmospheric mechanisms resulting in a pronounced cold season climate variability in central Asia, an objective weather-type classification is conducted, utilizing a k-means-based clustering approach applied to 500-hPa geopotential height (GPH) fields. Eight weather types (WT) are identified and analyzed with regard to characteristic pressure patterns and moisture fluxes over Eurasia and specific near-surface climate conditions over central Asia. To identify remote drivers of the central Asian climate, WT frequencies are analyzed for their relationships with tropical and extratropical teleconnection modes. The results indicate an influence of Northern Hemispheric planetary wave tracks on westerly moisture fluxes with positive anomalies of precipitation associated with the formation of a Rossby trough over central Asia. Particularly the propagation of the east Atlantic–western Russia and the Scandinavian patterns is shown to modulate regional climate conditions. Variations of ENSO are shown to affect the frequency of particular WTs because of the formation of an anticyclonic anomaly over the Indian Ocean and an increase of tropical fluxes of moisture and heat into central Asia during El Niño events. Further a WT internal influence of ENSO is distinctly defined, with enhanced moisture supply during the ENSO warm phase. The analysis of climatic trends shows that 50% of observed temperature changes can be assigned to variations of the WT composition, indicating that most likely changing regional circulation characteristics account for the enhanced warming rates in central Asia. Trends of precipitation sums are likewise shown to be associated with changing WT frequencies, although the WT–precipitation relationships include large uncertainties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Asia, Central – Climate"

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Crandell, Casey Zepp. "Climate and Conflict in Central Asia: The Effect of Climate Change on the Politics of Central Asia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297531.

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Climate change is a growing concern, which will increasingly affect many aspects of society. These effects will be felt strongest in regions that are already unstable, or underdeveloped. The nations of Central Asia are both rife with underlying tensions, as well as underdeveloped economically and politically. The cases of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan are looked at in depth to deduce the effects of climate change on the natural resources of those countries, and therefore the probable results on the politics of those nations in the face of the climate change induced effects. The effect of climate change on the environment, and the ripple effect felt politically and economically, is also examined at the regional and international level. At the international level, special attention is paid to the influence of China, Russia, and the West. After examining the background, and the predicted consequences of climate change on that background, the likelihood of instability and conflict in the region is very high. Instances of particular concern are examined, as are factors that might mitigate some of the worst instability and conflict. Lessons learned from Central Asia’s experience with climate change are easily transferable to the many underdeveloped regions of the world that will soon feel the effects of climate change.
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Ozdes, Mehmet. "The effect of climate and aerosol on crop production: a case study of central Asia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48997.

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The effect of recent climate change in Central Asia poses a significant and potentially serious challenge to the region’s agricultural sector. An investigation of the aerosol-climate- crop yield correlation in this region is essential for a better understanding of the effect of aerosols and climate on Central Asian agriculture. Our goal is to investigate the linkages between aerosol, climate and major crop production (cotton, maize, wheat, and rice) in specified agricultural regions in the five Central Asian countries. Our approach is to perform the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient analysis in order to observe the statistical correlation between crop yield, temperature, precipitation, and aerosol optical depth (AOD), for each indicated agricultural region in the selected countries. Besides, using NASA GIOVANNI website tools, we retrieve distribution maps and time series of temperature, precipitation and AOD to facilitate the analyses. The research shows that in some aspects, the relation between AOD, climate, and crop yield is different in Central Asia than in previous global or large scale research hypotheses. The statistical correlations vary not only across countries but also across agricultural regions. For example, in Kazakhstan, opposite correlations exist between precipitation and AOD in two different agricultural regions even though both regions are rain-fed. In the more arid countries (with lower rain rates) such as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, no correlation exists between crop production and temperature, precipitation, and AOD, while the less arid (with higher rain rate) countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan) indicate a positive correlation.
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Mirzabaev, Alisher [Verfasser]. "Climate Volatility and Change in Central Asia : Economic Impacts and Adaptation / Alisher Mirzabaev." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043057293/34.

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Xi, Xin. "Examination of mineral dust variability and linkages to climate and land-cover/land-use change over Asian drylands." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53433.

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Large uncertainties remain in estimating the anthropogenic fraction of mineral dust and the climatic impact of dust aerosol, partly due to a poor understanding of the dust source dynamics under the influence of climate variability and human-induced land-cover/land-use change (LCLUC). So far, the dust dynamics and linkage to climate and LCLUC in Central Asia have received little attention from the aerosol research community. This thesis comprises a comprehensive study of the dust dynamics in Central Asia focusing on 1) the seasonality of erosion threshold and dust emission affected by soil moisture, vegetation phenology and surface roughness, 2) the dust interannual variability and connections with large-scale climate variation (ENSO) through effects on the atmospheric circulation, precipitation, vegetation dynamics and drought, and 3) the impact of dust aerosol on surface radiative balance and photosynthetically active radiation, and possible effect on dryland ecosystems. A coupled dust model and multi-year ground and satellite observations of dust frequency, dust loading, and atmospheric and land conditions are used in this study. We find the threshold friction velocity significantly varies in space and time in response to soil moisture seasonality, surface roughness heterogeneity and vegetation phenology. Spring is associated a higher threshold friction velocity than summer, due to wetter soils and more vegetation cover. As a result, although more frequent strong winds occur during spring, spring dust emission is less than summer by 46.8% (or 60.4 Mt). Ignoring the dependence of the threshold friction velocity on the surface characteristics leads to biased spatial distribution and seasonality of dust emission. There is a strong linkage between dust and ENSO in Central Asia: La Nina years produce drought condition and enhance the dust activity. A decline in the strong wind frequency during 1999−2012 results in a decreasing trend in the modeled dust emission, at a rate of -7.81±2.73 Mt yr-1, as well as a decreasing trend in the ground observed dust frequency index, at a rate of -0.14±0.04%. We estimate that 58.4% of dust emission is caused by human activity during the 1999−2012 period. Our estimates suggest human plays an important role in the region’s dust budget through agriculture and water resource usage.
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Kariyeva, Jahan. "LAND SURFACE PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO LAND USE AND CLIMATE VARIATION IN A CHANGING CENTRAL ASIA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193619.

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During the last few decades Central Asia has experienced widespread changes in land cover and land use following the socio-economic and institutional transformations of the region catalyzed by the USSR collapse in 1991. The decade-long drought events and steadily increasing temperature regimes in the region came on top of these institutional transformations, affecting the long term and landscape scale vegetation responses. This research is based on the need to better understand the potential ecological and policy implications of climate variation and land use practices in the contexts of landscape-scale changes dynamics and variability patterns of land surface phenology responses in Central Asia. The land surface phenology responses - the spatio-temporal dynamics of terrestrial vegetation derived from the remotely sensed data - provide measurements linked to the timing of vegetation growth cycles (e.g., start of growing season) and total vegetation productivity over the growing season, which are used as a proxy for the assessment of effects of variations in environmental settings. Local and regional scale assessment of the before and after the USSR collapse vegetation response patterns in the natural and agricultural systems of the Central Asian drylands was conducted to characterize newly emerging links (since 1991) between coupled human and natural systems, e.g., socio-economic and policy drivers of altered land and water use and distribution patterns. Spatio-temporal patterns of bioclimatic responses were examined to determine how phenology is associated with temperature and precipitation in different land use types, including rainfed and irrigated agricultural types. Phenological models were developed to examine relationship between environmental drivers and effect of their altitudinal and latitudinal gradients on the broad-scale vegetation response patterns in non-cropland ecosystems of the desert, steppe, and mountainous regional landscapes of Central Asia.The study results demonstrated that the satellite derived measurements of temporal cycles of vegetation greenness and productivity data was a valuable bioclimatic integrator of climatic and land use variation in Central Asia. The synthesis of broad-scale phenological changes in Central Asia showed that linkages of natural and human systems vary across space and time comprising complex and tightly integrated patterns and processes that are not evident when studied separately.
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Panyushkina, Irina, Nurjan Mukhamadiev, Ann Lynch, Nursagim Ashikbaev, Alexis Arizpe, Christopher O’Connor, Danyar Abjanbaev, Gulnaz Mengdіbayeva, and Abay Sagitov. "Wild Apple Growth and Climate Change in Southeast Kazakhstan." MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626428.

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Wild populations of Malus sieversii [Ldb.] M. Roem are valued genetic and watershed resources in Inner Eurasia. These populations are located in a region that has experienced rapid and on-going climatic change over the past several decades. We assess relationships between climate variables and wild apple radial growth with dendroclimatological techniques to understand the potential of a changing climate to influence apple radial growth. Ring-width chronologies spanning 48 to 129 years were developed from 12 plots in the Trans-Ili Alatau and Jungar Alatau ranges of Tian Shan Mountains, southeastern Kazakhstan. Cluster analysis of the plot-level chronologies suggests different temporal patterns of growth variability over the last century in the two mountain ranges studied. Changes in the periodicity of annual ring-width variability occurred ca. 1970 at both mountain ranges, with decadal-scale variability supplanted by quasi-biennial variation. Seascorr correlation analysis of primary and secondary weather variables identified negative growth associations with spring precipitation and positive associations with cooler fall-winter temperatures, but the relative importance of these relationships varied spatially and temporally, with a shift in the relative importance of spring precipitation ca. 1970 at Trans-Ili Alatau. Altered apple tree radial growth patterns correspond to altered climatology in the Lake Balkhash Basin driven by unprecedented intensified Arctic Oscillations after the late 1970s.
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Su, Ye. "The Impacts of Climate Changeon River Flow and Riparian Vegetation in the Amu Darya River Delta, Central Asia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74428.

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The increasing global air temperature will trigger changes in the global mean water vapor, precipitation patterns and evapotranspiration, which further leads to changes, for instance, instream flow, groundwater flow and soil moisture. Projections of future changes in thehydrological regime of the Aral Sea Drainage Basin (ASDB) in Central Asia are however highlyuncertain, due to complexities of natural and engineered water systems of the basin. The AmuDarya River Delta (ADRD) is vital to the water budget of the Large Aral Sea, the livelihood inUzbekistan and Turkmenistan, as well as the surrounding riparian ecosystem. This study attemptsto investigate responses of river flow in the Aral Sea Drainage Basin and key riparian vegetationspecies (of the so-called Tugai community) in the Amu Darya River Delta to projected futureclimate change. Results from hydrological model and outputs from multi-GCM predictions providea basis for conducting more robust quantitative analysis of possible future hydro-climatic changesin the Amu Darya River Basin. A qualitative synthesis of the suitability of Tugai is furthermoreperformed in order to increase the knowledge of the riparian vegetation status under thechanging hydro-climatic conditions. The results show that the averaged temperature in the ASDBis likely to continuously increase and yield a total increase of about 2 °C ~ 5°C by 2100. Thechange trend of the annual regional precipitation of 2100 is relatively unclear, with estimatesranging from 50 mm lower than today to 75 mm higher than today. Modeled ensemble means (EM)river flow, obtained from hydrological modeling of climate output from multi-GCM projections,converge on showing future decreases in river runoff (R). Projected absolute R may decrease tozero around 2100, implying no surface flow and a dry out near the river outlet. The relationship ofwater flux between upstream and downstream will be changed dramatically due to climatechange. More specifically, R of the upstream region will decrease, and it is likely to becomeinsufficient for feeding downstream river reaches as it used to. The decreased river flow in thedelta may accelerate the desertification and salinization processes. Consequently, speciestransitions may occur, along with degradations of the existing Tugai communities. Theuncertainties of hydro-climatic change projections to some extent hinder the understanding of thedynamic hydrological-climatic-ecological system. However, the detailed responses of the delta toclimate change based on multiple qualitative and quantitative analyses provide an important basisfor the formulation of more robust forecasts on the future ecological development in the ADRD, and further for recommendations of measures to mitigate the ecosystem’s deterioration under achanging climate.
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Wortmann, Michel S. J. "Integrating glacier dynamics into hydrological modelling : a climate change impact assessment of the data-scarce headwaters of the Tarim River, Central Asia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10052031/.

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This thesis addresses the complexities of conducting hydrological climate change impact assessments in mountainous, highly glacierised catchments by developing and validating a glacier dynamics module for the hydrological model SWIM. It provides the first integrated climate change impact assessment for the five headwaters of the Tarim River, NW China/Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, overcoming the region’s severe data-scarcity. The region’s heterogeneity and limited data availability is characterised, with a focus on the quality of precipitation datasets. After using the original SWIM model for an analysis of observed glacial lake outburst floods and highlighting the model’s insufficiencies for long-term assessments, a new glacier dynamics model of intermediate complexity is developed, bridging catchment and glacier scales. This new model implements all major glacier processes, including ice movement, avalanching, sublimation and sub-debris melting. It is validated in one of the data-scarce Tarim River headwater catchments as well as the data-abundant Upper Rhone catchment, Switzerland. The model is then implemented in all five Tarim headwaters and calibrated to discharge, glacier hypsometry and mass balance, using an automatic multi-objective approach. The model provides a correction of the high mountain precipitation, a driving variable shown to be highly uncertain. It is then used to assess three IPCC climate change scenarios for the 21st century using an ensemble of eight global and one regional climate model. Impacts on glacier area and volume as well as discharge are explored, including their climate model and calibration parameter uncertainties. Results show current catchment precipitation to be 1.4–4.3 times greater than observation datasets suggest, a finding in-line with climate model simulations and remote sensing based datasets. Under a generally warmer and wetter climate, glacier cover is expected to recede and discharge may experience large increases as a consequence, especially in the near future. Uncertainties are large, however, mainly owing to climate model variability.
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Bougeois, Laurie. "Variation de la saisonnalité paléogène en Asie Centrale : apport d'une géochimie haute résolution sur des coquilles d'huîtres." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S152/document.

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Le climat asiatique est aujourd'hui caractérisé par une forte dualité entre un climat de moussons au Sud-Est et un climat aride en Asie centrale. Ces climats sont tous les deux définis par une saisonnalité marquée, que ce soit en terme de précipitations pour le premier ou de températures pour le second. Si l'intensification des moussons asiatiques au Néogène, liée à l'influence du soulèvement final du plateau tibétain sur les climats asiatiques, semble faire consensus dans la communauté scientifique, la caractérisation des climats paléogènes est encore peu établie. Ainsi la question de savoir quand cette dualité climatique s'est installée en Asie reste encore ouverte. Au Paléogène, les reliefs liés à la collision entre les plaques indienne et eurasiatique étaient encore naissant et la distribution entre les terres et les mers très différente de l'actuelle. Notablement, une vaste mer épicontinentale et peu profonde (la Proto-Paratethys) s'étendait à travers l'Europe et l'Asie Centrale. À la fin du Paléogène, la Proto-Parathetys se retire de l'Asie Centrale, et les hautes topographies asiatiques se mettent en place. Dans ce contexte géodynamique, cette thèse cherche à caractériser les fluctuations à haute fréquence du climat en Asie Centrale afin de comprendre l'évolution de la saisonnalité au cours du Paléogène, et plus précisément pendant la période de l'Éocène (-55 à -34 Ma). Pour cela une approche originale utilisant une méthode géochimique multi- proxy sur des coquilles d'huîtres a été établie. Grâce à l'apport de l'analyse incrémentielle de marqueurs élémentaires et isotopiques sur les coquilles nous accédons aux variations saisonnières de la température et de la salinité de l'eau de mer. Ceci nous permet de mieux cerner les bilans hydriques et thermiques à l'échelle de l'année et ainsi de caractériser le climat d'Asie Centrale à très haute résolution. Combinant cette approche géochimique avec une étude sédimentologique et une étude numérique à plus grande échelle, cette thèse cherche à mieux établir les causes de l'évolution du climat régional au cours du Paléogène
The modern Asian climate is mainly characterized by a monsoonal duality between humid summers in southern and eastern Asia and arid winters in Central Asia resulting in a strong seasonality in terms of precipitation and temperature in these respective regions. Although Neogene monsoonal intensification - mainly attributed to Tibetan plateau uplift - is well established, Paleogene Asian climate is still poorly understood such that the question of how and when this climate duality was established remains open. During Paleogene times, paleoreliefs due to the ongoing Indo-Asia collision and the land-sea distribution were very different compared to modern. Notably, a shallow epicontinental sea (the Proto-Paratethys) covered part of Europe and Central Asia. During the Eocene (-55 to -34 Ma), the Proto-Paratethys retreated westward while high Asian topographies formed. In this peculiar context, this PhD thesis aims to characterize the evolution of high-frequency climatic fluctuations in Central Asia in order to better constrain the seasonality changes associated with sea retreat, topographic uplift or nascent monsoons. We develop a novel approach using a geochemical multi-proxy methodology on oyster shells. Thanks to incremental analyses of elements and isotopes on bivalve shells, we estimate seasonal variations of temperature and salinity in seawater at high resolution. This enables to constrain precisely the annual-scale water and thermal balances and, by applying this technique to successive oyster bearing deposits widely distributed over Central Asia, aims to characterize Central Asian climate evolution. Combining this geochemical approach with a sedimentological and a numerical studies at larger time- and geographic- scale, this PhD thesis is aiming at better understanding the causes of the Eocene regional climate evolution
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Törnqvist, Rebecka. "Basin-scale change in water availability and water quality under intensified irrigated agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-93214.

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Changes in land use and water use can greatly impact the cycling of water and water-borne substances. Increased redistribution of river water to irrigated fields can cause enhanced evapotranspiration and decreased river discharge. Additionally, the water quality can be affected by the external input of fertilisers and pesticides, and by changed pollutant transport pathways in expansive irrigation canal systems. This thesis examines basin-scale changes in water use, river discharge, water quality and nitrogen (N) loading under conditions of intensified irrigated agriculture, using the Aral Sea drainage basin (ASDB) with its two large rivers Syr Darya and Amu Darya in Central Asia as study area. Results show that more efficient irrigation techniques could reduce outtake of river water to the cotton fields in the ASDB by about 10 km3/year, while the corresponding river water saving at the outlet would be 60% lower. The result illustrates the importance of accounting for return flows of irrigation water in basin-scale water saving assessments. Moreover, a decrease in riverine N concentrations at the outlet of the Amu Darya River Basin (ADRB) was observed during a 40-year period of increasing N fertiliser input. The decrease was identified to be primarily caused by increased recirculation of river water in the irrigation system, leading to increased flow-path lengths and enhanced N attenuation. Decreasing N loads were shown to be primarily related to reduced discharge. N export from the basin may further decrease due to projected discharge reductions related to climate change. Furthermore, nutrients and metals were occasionally found at concentrations above drinking water guideline values in surface waters in the ADRB. However, metal concentrations in groundwater in the lower ADRB were subject to orders of magnitude higher health hazards. Projected decrease in downstream surface water availability would thus imply decreased access to water suitable for drinking.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 5: Manuscript.

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Books on the topic "Asia, Central – Climate"

1

Fay, Marianne. Adapting to climate change in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2010.

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Rachel, Block, and Ebinger Jane O, eds. Adapting to Climate change in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Washington DC: World Bank, 2010.

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Glantz, Michael H. The Aral Sea: Water, climate, and environmental change in Central Asia. [Geneva]: World Meteorological Organization, 2005.

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GCOS Regional Workshop for Central Asia on Improving Observing Systems for Climate (2004 Almaty, Kazakhstan). Report of the GCOS Regional Workshop for Central Asia on Improving Observing Systems for Climate: Almaty, Kazakhstan, 24-26 May 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: GCOS Secretariat, Global Climate Observing System, 2005.

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Srivastava, Jitendra, William R. Sutton, and James E. Neumann. Looking beyond the horizon: How climate change impacts and adaptation responses will reshape agriculture in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2013.

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Corrêa, P. H. da Rocha. Technology adoption and the investment climate: Firm-level evidence for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2008.

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1935-, Agrawal D. P., Kusumgar Sheela 1939-, and Krishnamurthy R. V, eds. Climate and geology of Kashmir, the last 4 million years: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Late Cenozoic Palaeoclimatic Changes in Kashmir and Central Asia, Ahmedabad, 19-23 October 1982. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, 1985.

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Hartmut, Vogtmann, Dobret︠s︡ov Nikolaĭ Leontʹevich, Mittelstaedt Astrid, and NATO Public Diplomacy Division, eds. Environmental security and sustainable land use: With special reference to Central Asia. Dordrecht: Springer in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division, 2006.

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Climate Finance Toolkit for Europe and Central Asia. FAO, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cb6933en.

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Climate Finance Toolkit for Europe and Central Asia. FAO, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cb6933en.

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Book chapters on the topic "Asia, Central – Climate"

1

Dallmeyer, Anne, Ulrike Herzschuh, Martin Claussen, Jian Ni, Yongbo Wang, Steffen Mischke, and Xianyong Cao. "Vegetation, Climate, Man—Holocene Variability in Monsoonal Central Asia." In Integrated Analysis of Interglacial Climate Dynamics (INTERDYNAMIC), 97–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00693-2_16.

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Akimaliev, Djamin A., David E. Zaurov, and Sasha W. Eisenman. "The Geography, Climate and Vegetation of Kyrgyzstan." In Medicinal Plants of Central Asia: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, 1–3. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3912-7_1.

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Belolipov, Igor V., David E. Zaurov, and Sasha W. Eisenman. "The Geography, Climate and Vegetation of Uzbekistan." In Medicinal Plants of Central Asia: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, 5–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3912-7_2.

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Singh, Kuldip. "Climate change and water security issues in Central Asia." In Transitions in Post-Soviet Eurasia, 255–63. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003193418-17.

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Imanberdieva, Nazgül, Bazaraliev Imankul, Zeki Severoğlu, Volkan Altay, and Münir Öztürk. "Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Plant Diversity of Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve in Kyrgyzstan." In Vegetation of Central Asia and Environs, 349–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99728-5_15.

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Khoi, Dao Nguyen, and Pham Thi Thao Nhi. "Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Drought in the Central Highlands of Vietnam." In Water Security in Asia, 703–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54612-4_52.

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Walther, Michael, Wolfgang Horn, and Avirmed Dashtseren. "Uvs Nuur: A Sentinel for Climate Change in Eastern Central Asia." In Large Asian Lakes in a Changing World, 235–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42254-7_8.

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Kajimoto, Takuya, Nahoko Kurachi, Yukihiro Chiba, Hajime Utsugi, and Moriyoshi Ishizuka. "Effects of External Factors on Growth and Structure of Pinus pumila Scrub in Mt. Kinpu, Central Japan." In Climate Change and Plants in East Asia, 149–56. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66899-2_11.

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Chuluun, T., M. Altanbagana, S. Davaanyam, B. Tserenchunt, and D. Ojima. "Vulnerability of Pastoral Communities in Central Mongolia to Climate and Land-Use Changes." In Vulnerability of Land Systems in Asia, 41–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854945.ch4.

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Schumacher, Paul, Tobias Garstecki, Bunafsha Mislimshoeva, John Morrison, Benedikt Ibele, Corey Lesk, Salamat Dzhumabaeva, Umed Bulbulshoev, and Shaun Martin. "Using the Open Standards-Based Framework for Planning and Implementing Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Projects in the High Mountainous Regions of Central Asia." In Climate Change Management, 23–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72874-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Asia, Central – Climate"

1

Lemenkova, Polina. "Current Problems of Water Supply and Usage in Central Asia, Tian Shan Basin." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ''ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES 2013. Riga: Riga Technical University, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/iscect.2013.002.

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Feng, Zhaodong. "HOLOCENE CLIMATE VARIATIONS IN THE CORE AREA OF CENTRAL ASIA DRY LANDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299450.

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Erdoğan, Mahmut, and Junus Ganiev. "The Relationship Between CO2 Emissions, Economic and Financial Development and Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption in Central Asia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01528.

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Although environmental deterioration is a main result of the process of economic growth, global warming and climate change has been threating the quality of human life. Though Central Asian countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Armenia) signed to Kyoto protocol to decrease CO2 emission levels, these countries still have environmental pollution concerns. This paper examines relationships between CO2 emissions, economic and financial development and fossil fuel energy consumption for a panel of Central Asian countries over the period 1992-2013. The findings of this study show that an inverted U shape environmental Kuznets curve for Central Asia. Moreover, energy consumption and urbanization are found to have positive effects on CO2 emissions. However, analysis suggests that financial development and trade openness are essential factors for the reduction of CO2 emissions.
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Tsydypov, Bair. "TRANSFORMATION OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTH OF CENTRAL ASIA UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1705.978-5-317-06490-7/185-190.

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The geoecological features of the transformation of individual components of the natural environment (vegetation, soils, surface waters) in different climatic zones of the north of Central Asia under climate change have been identified. Trends of NDVI, air temperature and precipitation were calculated for the wet (1980-1998) and dry (1999-2017) periods. A statistically significant trend was established for an increase in air temperature and a decrease in precipitation. The situation of extreme low water in the Baikal basin in 2014-2015 is discussed. During the wet period, positive NDVI trends are observed for almost the entire study area, while the dry period is characterized by a significant increase in negative NDVI trends.
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Feng, Zhaodong. "CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE PAST 2200 YEARS IN THE SOUTHERN ATAI MOUNTAINS OF CENTRAL ASIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299458.

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Kumyzbayeva, Saule, Madina Ibragimova, Vyacheslav Stoyak, and Alimzhan Apsemetov. "Hybrid stand-alone power supply system in conditions of extreme continental climate in Central Asia." In 2016 International Conference on Cogeneration, Small Power Plants and District Energy (ICUE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogen.2016.7728940.

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Tokbolat, Serik, Raikhan Tokpatayeva, and Sarim Naji Al-Zubaidy. "Low Energy Building Designs for Extreme Weather Conditions in Central Asia." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-93084.

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Buildings account for nearly 40% of the end-use energy consumption and carbon emissions globally. These buildings, once built, are bound to be utilized for several decades if not longer. The building sector therefore holds a significant responsibility for implementing strategies to increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions and thus contribute to global efforts directed toward mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. This paper presents an oversight of effective low-energy building design strategies for the extreme weather conditions in Kazakhstan (Astana), with temperature ranging between −35 and +40 C. Passive design features coupled with integration of renewable energy technologies have been identified for the next generation of buildings in Astana. The specific nature of the work is intentional, it is a continuing attempt to generate relevant know how that has direct relevancy to Astana’s system approach to energy conversation to meet its extreme winters.
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Ponomarev, Vladimir, Vladimir Ponomarev, Elena Dmitrieva, Elena Dmitrieva, Svetlana Shkorba, Svetlana Shkorba, Irina Mashkina, Irina Mashkina, Alexander Karnaukhov, and Alexander Karnaukhov. "CLIMATIC REGIME CHANGE IN THE ASIAN PACIFIC REGION, INDIAN AND SOUTHERN OCEANS AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9475504153.46587602.

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Multiple scale climate variability in Asia of temperate and high latitudes, Pacific, Indian and South Oceans, their features and linkages are studied by using statistical analyses of monthly mean time series of Hadley, Reynolds SST, surface net heat flux (Q), atmospheric pressure (SLP), air temperature (SAT) from NCEP NCAR reanalyses (1948-2015). Three multidecadal climatic regimes were revealed for the whole area studied by using cluster analyses via Principal Components of differences between values of Q, SLP, SAT in tropical and extratropical regions of the Asian Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans. The climate regime change in 70s of the 20th century in this area is confirmed by this method. It is also found that the climate regime is significantly changed at the end of the 20th century in both same area and World Ocean. The characteristic features of recent climate regime after 1996-1998 are SLP increase in the central extratropic area of Indian Ocean, North and South Pacific being prevailing in boreal winter. It is accompanying SLP increase and precipitation decrease in South Siberia and Mongolia prevailing in boreal summer. Inversed SLP and precipitation anomaly associated with increase of cyclone activity and extreme events in the land-ocean marginal zones including Southern Ocean, eastern Arctic, eastern Indian, western and eastern Pacific margins. It is known that low frequency PDO phase is also changed at the same time.
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Ponomarev, Vladimir, Vladimir Ponomarev, Elena Dmitrieva, Elena Dmitrieva, Svetlana Shkorba, Svetlana Shkorba, Irina Mashkina, Irina Mashkina, Alexander Karnaukhov, and Alexander Karnaukhov. "CLIMATIC REGIME CHANGE IN THE ASIAN PACIFIC REGION, INDIAN AND SOUTHERN OCEANS AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316b52a9b.

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Multiple scale climate variability in Asia of temperate and high latitudes, Pacific, Indian and South Oceans, their features and linkages are studied by using statistical analyses of monthly mean time series of Hadley, Reynolds SST, surface net heat flux (Q), atmospheric pressure (SLP), air temperature (SAT) from NCEP NCAR reanalyses (1948-2015). Three multidecadal climatic regimes were revealed for the whole area studied by using cluster analyses via Principal Components of differences between values of Q, SLP, SAT in tropical and extratropical regions of the Asian Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans. The climate regime change in 70s of the 20th century in this area is confirmed by this method. It is also found that the climate regime is significantly changed at the end of the 20th century in both same area and World Ocean. The characteristic features of recent climate regime after 1996-1998 are SLP increase in the central extratropic area of Indian Ocean, North and South Pacific being prevailing in boreal winter. It is accompanying SLP increase and precipitation decrease in South Siberia and Mongolia prevailing in boreal summer. Inversed SLP and precipitation anomaly associated with increase of cyclone activity and extreme events in the land-ocean marginal zones including Southern Ocean, eastern Arctic, eastern Indian, western and eastern Pacific margins. It is known that low frequency PDO phase is also changed at the same time.
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Rasulev, Alisher. "Central Asia: New Opportunities and New Risks for the Sustainable Development of National Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02211.

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In the 21st century, many global challenges such as the instability of economic development, social inequality of the population, climate change have escalated and posed a significant threat to the achievement of sustainable development goals. As is known, until recently, in many countries of the world, the model of accelerated build-up of productive forces was dominated by the extensive use of natural resources, which causes great damage to the environment. Thus, the implemented model of increasing production essentially provided "growth without development." Such a development model is typical for many developing countries, including the countries of the post-Soviet space, including Uzbekistan. Therefore, the world community has come to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for ways of economic growth that do not increase the burden on natural resources and move to a new model of sustainable development. Uzbekistan is currently receiving close attention from the international community and the country is striving to ensure the sustainability of development not only through the use of rich natural resources, but also through the transition to innovative development based on the principles of the "green economy". Only on this basis is it possible to achieve the goals of sustainable development in Uzbekistan.
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Reports on the topic "Asia, Central – Climate"

1

Zomer, Dr Robert J., Mingcheng Wang, and Dr Jianchu Xu. Projected Climate Change and Impact on Bioclimatic Conditions in Central and South-Central Asia ICRAF East and Central Asia Research Report. World Agroforestry Centre, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp14144.pdf.

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Thomas, Timothy S., Kamiljon T. Akramov, Richard D. Robertson, Vijay Nazareth, and Jarilkasin Ilyasov. Climate change, agriculture, and potential crop yields in Central Asia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134920.

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Rokita, Dagmar, Rainer Sawatzki, and Raushan Szyzdykova. Energy Transition in Central Asia: a Short Review. Kazakh German University, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/dkucrswp/2022/20-52.eng.

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The five countries of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, have each adopted climate targets to achieve the climate goals agreed in Paris by 2050. In this paper, the starting positions of all five countries are presented and the respective obstacles on the path to climate neutrality are identified. The starting positions in the countries with large oil, gas or coal reserves (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan) differ from the countries where the basis of energy supply are large hydroelectric plants (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan). One problem in all countries is the poorly developed power grid, which is partly outdated and not designed for high throughput rates. Existing power plants are mainly located in metropolitan regions and rural areas are partly undersupplied. If wind and solar power plants are built on a large scale in uninhabited areas, the lack of transmission lines is a major problem. Another problem is that energy prices are sometimes heavily subsidised, which can make it difficult for the population to accept necessary investments in the renewable energy sector. Especially in economically weak sections of the population, resistance to market-based energy prices is likely to be particularly strong. In the long term, information and increased education of large parts of the population can significantly improve the acceptance of the energy transition from carbon-based energy to solar, wind and small hydropower. The use of renewable energy is still in its infancy in all countries and must develop quickly if the ambitious climate goals are to be achieved. To this end, the training of local experts is particularly important. To this end, centres should be established at selected locations where local experts can be trained and further educated in various fields, from conception and planning to construction, maintenance and operation.
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Idrissov, Marat, Yelena Yerzakovich, Hans-Liudger Dienel, and Tom Assmann. Sustainable mobility and logistics for Central Asia: Research perspectives for a climate center. Kazakh German University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cnrswps/2022/1-20.eng.

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Urban transportation is on the one hand a vital component of a city and on the other a major factor of concern. The latter is due to the high impact on air pollution, carbon dioxide emissions, and fatalities. This is not just caused by the mobility of people but also, and increasingly, by the need to transport goods. Cities in Central Asia are often associated with strong air pollution and rising greenhouse gas emissions from urban transport contradicting the global strive for a carbon-neutral world by 2050. In the light of sustainable development, it is, therefore, the objective to reduce the externalities of urban mobility and urban logistics jointly. The German-Kazakh University in Almaty envisions fostering the transformation to sustainability in Central Asia by setting up a climate center. One pillar will be urban transport. In this working paper, an interdisciplinary team of experts from Kazakhstan and Germany investigates fields of action and research for this center. The team describes stakeholders to involve, potential funding opportunities, and first actions for each of the identified fields. The working paper provides a fruitful basis for academics and partners to set up the center and to involve new partners.
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Idrissov, Marat, Yelena Yerzakovich, Hans-Liudger Dienel, and Tom Assmann. Sustainable mobility and logistics for Central Asia: Research perspectives for a climate center. Kazakh German University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cnrswps/2022/1-20.eng.

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Urban transportation is on the one hand a vital component of a city and on the other a major factor of concern. The latter is due to the high impact on air pollution, carbon dioxide emissions, and fatalities. This is not just caused by the mobility of people but also, and increasingly, by the need to transport goods. Cities in Central Asia are often associated with strong air pollution and rising greenhouse gas emissions from urban transport contradicting the global strive for a carbon-neutral world by 2050. In the light of sustainable development, it is, therefore, the objective to reduce the externalities of urban mobility and urban logistics jointly. The German-Kazakh University in Almaty envisions fostering the transformation to sustainability in Central Asia by setting up a climate center. One pillar will be urban transport. In this working paper, an interdisciplinary team of experts from Kazakhstan and Germany investigates fields of action and research for this center. The team describes stakeholders to involve, potential funding opportunities, and first actions for each of the identified fields. The working paper provides a fruitful basis for academics and partners to set up the center and to involve new partners.
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Yue, Yunfeng. Making Urban Power Distribution Systems Climate-Resilient. Asian Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220221.

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This working paper is designed to help ADB’s developing member countries build climate-resilient energy systems that can better support fast-growing cities in Asia and the Pacific. It shows how the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for improved power networks and outlines why social inclusion should be central to energy system planning. Using actual examples from countries including India and Bangladesh, the study analyzes the risks and reliability of different energy solutions. Proposing a risk-based approach to energy system planning, it also considers the role that renewables and microgrids can play in building the climate-resilient infrastructure needed to support sustainable urban growth.
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Vladimir Aizen, Donald Bren, Karl Kreutz, and Cameron Wake. Paleo-Climate and Glaciological Reconstruction in Central Asia through the Collection and Analysis of Ice Cores and Instrumental Data from the Tien Shan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794067.

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Yeates, Elissa, Kayla Cotterman, and Angela Rhodes. Hydrologic impacts on human health : El Niño Southern Oscillation and cholera. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39483.

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A non-stationary climate imposes considerable challenges regarding potential public health concerns. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which occurs every 2 to 7 years, correlates positively with occurrences of the waterborne disease cholera. The warm sea surface temperatures and extreme weather associated with ENSO create optimal conditions for breeding the Vibrio cholerae pathogen and for human exposure to the pathogenic waters. This work explored the impacts of ENSO on cholera occurrence rates over the past 50 years by examining annual rates of suspected cholera cases per country in relation to ENSO Index values. This study provides a relationship indicating when hydrologic conditions are optimal for cholera growth, and presents a statistical approach to answer three questions: Are cholera outbreaks more likely to occur in an El Niño year? What other factors impact cholera outbreaks? How will the future climate impact cholera incidence rates as it relates to conditions found in ENSO? Cholera outbreaks from the 1960s to the present are examined focusing on regions of Central and South America, and southern Asia. By examining the predictive relationship between climate variability and cholera, we can draw conclusions about future vulnerability to cholera and other waterborne pathogenic diseases.
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Yao, Yixin, Mingyuan Fan, Arnaud Heckmann, and Corazon Posadas. Transformative Solutions and Green Finance in the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. Asian Development Bank Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/xfvh2542.

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Asia has experienced widespread transformation and growth, accompanied by increased demographic pressure, greater intensification of agricultural production, industrialization, and urbanization. This economic growth has been very resource- and carbon-intensive, while climate change has triggered or exacerbated behaviors and defense mechanisms that have come at the expense of the natural environment. Therefore, we examine and compare three Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects in two member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: one in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and two in Mongolia that relate to sustainable green development and use innovative financial mechanisms, and behavior-changing nudges. We provide comparative analyses and aim to demonstrate effective, innovative, and sustainable green finance and green transformation approaches in these two countries to address these pressures. The ADB–PRC loan for the Anhui Huangshan Xin’an River Ecological Protection and Green Development project aims to help Huangshan municipality reduce water pollution in the Xin’an River Basin, which is part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The project is piloting innovative green financing mechanisms to reduce rural pollution and complement the ongoing interprovincial eco-compensation scheme while supporting green agroecological businesses through two interventions: the Green Investment Fund and the Green Incentive Mechanism. In Mongolia, ADB and the Government of Mongolia have developed two large-scale transformative projects using integrated design and innovative green financing mechanisms to leverage private sector investment: (i) Aimags and Soums Green Regional Development Investment Program, which aims to promote green urban–rural linkages, green agribusiness development, natural capital, rangeland regeneration, and soil carbon sequestration through the (ii) Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal Project, which aims to transform Ulaanbaatar’s vulnerable and substandard peri-urban areas into low-carbon, resilient eco-districts that provide access to green affordable housing.
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Economics of Climate Change Mitigation in Central and West Asia. Asian Development Bank, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/rpt178634.

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