Journal articles: 'Ascochyta blight'

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Daba, Ketema, Amit Deokar, Sabine Banniza, Thomas D. Warkentin, and Bunyamin Tar’an. "QTL mapping of early flowering and resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea." Genome 59, no. 6 (June 2016): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0036.

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In western Canada, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is challenged by short growing seasons and infestations with ascochyta blight. Research was conducted to determine the genetic basis of the association between flowering time and reaction to ascochyta blight in chickpea. Ninety-two chickpea recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between ICCV 96029 and CDC Frontier were evaluated for flowering responses and ascochyta blight reactions in growth chambers and fields at multiple locations and during several years. A wide range of variation was exhibited by the RILs for days to flower, days to maturity, node of first flowering, plant height, and ascochyta blight resistance. Moderate to high broad sense heritability was estimated for ascochyta blight reaction (H2 = 0.14–0.34) and for days to flowering (H2 = 0.45–0.87) depending on the environments. Negative correlations were observed among the RILs for days to flowering and ascochyta blight resistance, ranging from r = −0.21 (P < 0.05) to −0.58 (P < 0.0001). A genetic linkage map consisting of eight linkage groups was developed using 349 SNP markers. Seven QTLs for days to flowering were identified that individually explained 9%–44% of the phenotypic variation. Eight QTLs were identified for ascochyta blight resistance that explained phenotypic variation ranging from 10% to 19%. Clusters of QTLs for days to flowering and ascochyta blight resistances were found on chromosome 3 at the interval of 8.6–23.11 cM and on chromosome 8 at the interval of 53.88–62.33 cM.

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Tar’an, B., T. D. Warkentin, A. Tullu, and A. Vandenberg. "Genetic mapping of ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) using a simple sequence repeat linkage map." Genome 50, no. 1 (January 2007): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-137.

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Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab., is one of the most devastating diseases of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) worldwide. Research was conducted to map genetic factors for resistance to ascochyta blight using a linkage map constructed with 144 simple sequence repeat markers and 1 morphological marker (fc, flower colour). Stem cutting was used to vegetatively propagate 186 F2 plants derived from a cross between Cicer arietinum L. ‘ICCV96029’ and ‘CDC Frontier’. A total of 556 cutting-derived plants were evaluated for their reaction to ascochyta blight under controlled conditions. Disease reaction of the F1 and F2 plants demonstrated that the resistance was dominantly inherited. A Fain’s test based on the means and variances of the ascochyta blight reaction of the F3 families showed that a few genes were segregating in the population. Composite interval mapping identified 3 genomic regions that were associated with the reaction to ascochyta blight. One quantitative trait locus (QTL) on each of LG3, LG4, and LG6 accounted for 13%, 29%, and 12%, respectively, of the total estimated phenotypic variation for the reaction to ascochyta blight. Together, these loci controlled 56% of the total estimated phenotypic variation. The QTL on LG4 and LG6 were in common with the previously reported QTL for ascochyta blight resistance, whereas the QTL on LG3 was unique to the current population.

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Warkentin, T. D., K. Y. Rashid, and A. G. Xue. "Fungicidal control of ascochyta blight of field pea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-011.

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The use of fungicides for the control of ascochyta blight in field pea was investigated. Four fungicides were applied to the cultivars AC Tamor and Radley at two locations in Manitoba in 1993 and 1994. Fungicides were applied either once, twice, or three times at 10-d intervals, beginning at the initiation of flowering. Chlorothalonil and benomyl were effective m reducing the severity of ascochyta blight and increasing the yield and seed weight of field pea. The triple application of chlorothalonil resulted in a mean yield increase of 33% over that of the untreated control. Iprodione and propiconazole were relatively ineffective in controlling ascochyta blight. The percentage of seedborne ascochyta was not significantly affected by fungicide treatments. The severity of ascochyta blight was greater in 1993 that in 1994, resulting in greater benefits of chlorothalonil and benomyl applications in 1993. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., ascochyta blight, Mycosphaerella pinodes, fungicide

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Harveson, Robert M., Samuel G. Markell, Rubella Goswami, Carlos A. Urrea, Mary E. Burrows, Frank Dugan, Weidong Chen, and Linnea G. Skoglund. "Ascochyta Blight of Chickpeas." Plant Health Progress 12, no. 1 (January 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2011-0103-01-dg.

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Although chickpeas are reported to be susceptible to more than 50 pathogens, few diseases are currently recognized as significant economic constraints to production. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, is the most serious chickpea disease worldwide. This paper describes the pathogen, symptoms of infection, biological and morphological characteristics, and methods to study the fungus. Accepted for publication 17 November 2010. Published 3 January 2011.

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Skoglund, Linnea G., Robert M. Harveson, Weidong Chen, Frank Dugan, Howard F. Schwartz, Samuel G. Markell, Lyndon Porter, Mary L. Burrows, and Rubella Goswami. "Ascochyta Blight of Peas." Plant Health Progress 12, no. 1 (January 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2011-0330-01-rs.

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Field pea is an annual, cool-season legume native to northwest to southwest Asia. It was among the first crops cultivated by man. The crop is grown primarily in North Dakota, Washington, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and southern Canada. Ascochyta blight is a serious disease affecting above ground portions at all growth stages. Stem, crown, pod, and foliar diseases of pea are caused by a complex of Ascochyta pisi, Mycosphaerella pinodes, and Phoma pinodella. This paper reviews the disease and the pathogens involved. Accepted for publication 28 January 2011. Published 30 March 2011.

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Jha, Ambuj B., Krishna K. Gali, Sabine Banniza, and Thomas D. Warkentin. "Validation of SNP markers associated with ascochyta blight resistance in pea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0211.

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Ascochyta blight of pea is an important disease that can cause severe yield loss. Our previous studies identified several closely linked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with ascochyta blight resistance. The objective of this study was to validate SNP markers in 36 cultivars from the Saskatchewan pea regional variety trial. Ascochyta blight scores ranged from 1.0 to 9.0 at the physiological maturity stage under field conditions across the 25 site–years in Saskatchewan from 2013 to 2017. Based on Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR assays, six SNP markers were used for an association study. SNP markers RGA-G3Ap103, PsC8780p118, and PsC22609p103 were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with ascochyta blight scores in 2013 and 2016 at Saskatoon. PsC8780p118 was significantly associated with ascochyta blight scores at Milden in 2014 and Rosthern in 2017. Furthermore, RGA-G3Ap103 showed significant association at Milden in 2014. Based on association studies, RGA-G3Ap103 and PsC8780p118 may have some potential as markers for pea breeding.

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Chang, K. F., H. U. Ahmed, S. F. Hwang, B. D. Gossen, R. J. Howard, T. D. Warkentin, S. E. Strelkov, and S. F. Blade. "Impact of cultivar, row spacing and seeding rate on ascochyta blight severity and yield of chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-067.

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Field trials to assess the impact of chickpea type (desi vs. kabuli), row spacing and seeding rate on ascochyta blight of chickpea were conducted over 2 yr at Brooks, Alberta. A compound-leaved desi chickpea cultivar and unifoliate kabuli cultivar were sown at 20, 30 and 40 cm row spacing, and at three seeding rates (20, 40 and 60 seeds per 3 m row). Most of the variation in disease severity was associated with differences between the cultivars. Seeding rate, row spacing and their interactions had substantially smaller effects on ascochyta blight in comparison with cultivar effects. Late in the growing season, blight severity was consistently lower in the desi than the kabuli cultivar. Wide row spacing and low seeding rate reduced ascochyta blight severity and increased seed yield per plant. Wide row spacing in the first year reduced the seed yield per hectare, but row spacing did not significantly affect yield in 2005. Low in-row seeding rates increased yield only in 2004. There was a positive linear relationship between plant density and blight severity, and a negative relationship between yield per plant and both plant density and disease severity. We conclude that reduced plant population density could be one tool in a program to manage ascochyta blight of chickpea. Key words: Cicer arietinum, plant population density, ascochyta blight, yield

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Gossen, B. D., and D. A. Derksen. "Impact of tillage and crop rotation on ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis) of lentil." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-088.

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Two trials were conducted from 1996 to 1999; one at Indian Head, SK, to examine the impact of tillage management on the severity of ascochyta blight of lentil, caused by Ascochyta lentis (teleomorph Didymella lentis), and a second at Saskatoon, SK, to assess the impact of crop rotation. In 1995, the blight-susceptible lentil cv. Eston was seeded across both sites and later inoculated with blight-infested lentil residue to provide a uniform level of infection. Treatments were initiated in the spring of 1996. Ascochyta blight severity was assessed on each lentil plot during the growing season. Seed quality and yield were assessed each year. A split-block design was used to minimize movement of inoculum among plots over years. In the tillage management trial at Indian Head, the main plot treatments were 0, 1, or 2 yr between lentil crops, with spring wheat as the alternate crop; the subplot treatments were zero-till vs. conventional tillage. Ascochyta blight severity was substantially higher under zero-till than under conventional tillage in the continuous lentil treatment when conditions were conducive to blight development. However, tillage management had little effect on severity when there were 2 yr between successive lentil crops. We conclude that tillage management is unlikely to have an important impact on blight severity, except in rotations with short re-cropping intervals. In the crop rotation study at Saskatoon, the main plot treatments were two rotation sequences and the subplot treatments were three crop species (canola, barley, pea) planted in 1996. Rotation 1 was seeded to cv. Eston in 1997 and barley in 1998; Rotation 2 was seeded to barley in 1997 and cv. Eston in 1998. Both rotations were seeded to cv. Eston in 1999. Also, a plot seeded continuously to cv. Eston was included at one end of each replicate block as a control. Blight was more severe in continuous lentil than in the other crop rotations, and ascochyta blight levels in 1999 were lowest where barley followed the 1996 lentil crop for both Rotation 1 and 2. However, the intervening nonhost crop had little impact on seed infection or seed yield. We conclude that at least two nonhost crops between successive lentil crops are required to substantially reduce inoculum of A. lentis following a disease outbreak. Key words: Didymella lentis, zero-till management, fusarium root rot, Lens culinaris, barley, canola, field pea

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Salotti, Irene, and Vittorio Rossi. "A Mechanistic Weather-Driven Model for Ascochyta rabiei Infection and Disease Development in Chickpea." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030464.

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Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei is an important disease of chickpea. By using systems analysis, we retrieved and analyzed the published information on A. rabiei to develop a mechanistic, weather-driven model for the prediction of Ascochyta blight epidemics. The ability of the model to predict primary infections was evaluated using published data obtained from trials conducted in Washington (USA) in 2004 and 2005, Israel in 1996 and 1998, and Spain from 1988 to 1992. The model showed good accuracy and specificity in predicting primary infections. The probability of correctly predicting infections was 0.838 and the probability that there was no infection when not predicted was 0.776. The model’s ability to predict disease progress during the growing season was also evaluated by using data collected in Australia from 1996 to 1998 and in Southern Italy in 2019; a high concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.947) between predicted and observed data was obtained, with an average distance between real and fitted data of root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.103, indicating that the model was reliable, accurate, and robust in predicting seasonal dynamics of Ascochyta blight epidemics. The model could help growers schedule fungicide treatments to control Ascochyta blight on chickpea.

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Warkentin, Tom, Sabine Banniza, and Albert Vandenberg. "CDC Frontier kabuli chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-185.

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CDC Frontier, a kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2003 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Frontier has a pinnate leaf type, fair ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.] resistance, medium maturity, medium-large seed size and high yield potential in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Warkentin, Tom, Sabine Banniza, and Albert Vandenberg. "CDC ChiChi kabuli chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 907–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-187.

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CDC ChiChi, a kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2002 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC ChiChi has a pinnate leaf type, poor ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.] resistance, medium maturity, large seed size and good yielding ability in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Warkentin, T., B. Taran, S. Banniza, and A. Vandenberg. "CDC Vanguard desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08204.

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CDC Vanguard, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2006 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Vanguard has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium maturity, medium seed size and high yield potential in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Vandenberg, A., T. Warkentin, and A. Slinkard. "CDC Anna desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 797–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-052.

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CDC Anna, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2000 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Anna has a pinnate leaf type, fair ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.] resistance, medium maturity, medium-sized plump seeds with a tan coloured seed coat and good yielding ability in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Vandenberg, A., T. Warkentin, and A. Slinkard. "CDC Nika desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-053.

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CDC Nika, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2000 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Nika has a pinnate leaf type, fair ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.] resistance, medium maturity, large, plump seeds with a tan coloured seed coat and good yielding ability in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Warkentin, Tom, Sabine Banniza, and Albert Vandenberg. "CDC Cabri desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 905–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-186.

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CDC Cabri, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2003 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Cabri has a pinnate leaf type, fair ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.] resistance, medium maturity, large, plump seeds with tan coloured seed coat and good yielding ability in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Taran, B., T. Warkentin, R. Malhotra, S. Banniza, and A. Vandenberg. "CDC Luna kabuli chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08205.

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CDC Luna, a kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2007 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Luna has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium-late maturity, medium-large seed size and similar yield potential with the check cultivar Amit in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Taran, B., T. Warkentin, S. Banniza, and A. Vandenberg. "CDC Corinne desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08206.

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CDC Corinne, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2008 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Corinne has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium maturity, medium seed size and higher yield potential than Myles in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Chang, K. F., H. U. Ahmed, S. F. Hwang, B. D. Gossen, S. E. Strelkov, S. F. Blade, and G. D. Turnbull. "Sensitivity of field populations of Ascochyta rabiei to chlorothalonil, mancozeb and pyraclostrobin fungicides and effect of strobilurin fungicides on the progress of ascochyta blight of chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07019.

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Chickpea production faces a major challenge from ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei), a devastating disease that can cause total crop loss. To assess the effect of repeated fungicide application on disease progress, strobilurin fungicides, primarily alternating pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin treatments, were applied up to five times per year in each of 2 yr. A single application or two early applications reduced blight severity. A third application resulted in additional benefits in 1 of 2 yr, but additional applications did not reduce severity further. To monitor for fungicide tolerance in populations of A. rabiei, 66 single- spore isolates were collected and grown on growth media amended with chlorothalonil, mancozeb, or pyraclostrobin. Insensitivity to one or more of the fungicides was detected in 49 (74%) of the isolates. Based on the effect on conidial germination, insensitivity to pyraclostrobin or chlorothalonil was observed in 26 of 37 isolates (70%). Repeated fungicide application may be selecting for insensitive isolates of the pathogen; fungicide application should be combined with cultural measures to control ascochyta blight. Key words: Fungicide insensitivity, Ascochyta rabiei

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Bretag, TW, TV Price, and PJ Keane. "Importance of seed-borne inoculum in the etiology of the Ascochyta blight complex of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950525.

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Fungi associated with the ascochyta blight complex of field peas were isolated from 436 of 691 seedlots tested. Of the fungi detected, 94.8% of isolates were Mycosphaerella pinodes, 4.2% Phoma medicaginis, and 1.0% Ascochyta pisi. The levels of infestation of seed varied considerably from year to year and between seedlots, depending on the amount of rainfall between flowering and maturity. Within a particular pea-growing region, the level of seed-borne infection was often highest in seed from crops harvested latest. In addition, crops sown early were usually more severely affected by disease than late-sown crops, and this resulted in higher levels of seed infection. There was no correlation between the level of seed infestation by M. pinodes and the severity of ascochyta blight; however, where the level of seed infection was high (>11%) there was a significant reduction in emergence, which caused a reduction in grain yield. It may therefore be possible to use seed with high levels of seed-borne ascochyta blight fungi, provided the seeding rate is increased to compensate for poor emergence.

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Bretag, TW, PJ Keane, and TV Price. "Effect of Ascochyta blight on the grain yield of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950531.

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Field experiments were conducted to determine the crop losses caused by ascochyta blight in different pea varieties grown in Victoria. For each variety, the reduction in yield associated with disease was determined by comparing grain yields in plots not sprayed with fungicide (disease present) and plots where the disease was controlled with fungicide sprays (no disease). There was considerable variation between pea varieties and lines in disease severity and crop losses. Individual varieties had different levels of tolerance to disease, and there were large differences between varieties in the percentage yield loss caused by the same level of disease. Disease severity was closely correlated with reductions in grain yield, and for most varieties there was a 5-6% reduction in grain yield for every 10% of stem area affected by disease (first 10 internodes on the main branch). Ascochyta blight caused substantial reductions in grain yield of all commercial pea varieties grown in Victoria but was usually most severe on the early-maturing varieties. For 15 varieties, empirical crop loss models to predict the relationship between disease severity and reduction in yield were developed. A disease survey of commercial crops was then conducted and estimates made of yield losses caused by ascochyta blight using the previously developed crop loss models. The estimated yield losses caused by ascochyta blight in commercial crops in Victoria in 1986 ranged from 3.1 to 26.4% and exceeded 15% in over three-quarters of crops surveyed. The results suggest that field pea production in Victoria is seriously retarded by ascochyta blight and that the development of effective strategies to control the disease should be given a high priority.

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Kim, Wonyong, and Weidong Chen. "Phytotoxic Metabolites Produced by Legume-Associated Ascochyta and Its Related Genera in the Dothideomycetes." Toxins 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110627.

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Phytotoxins, secondary metabolites toxic to plants and produced by fungi, are believed to play an important role in disease development by targeting host cellular machineries and/or interfering with host immune responses. The Ascochyta blight diseases on different legume plants are caused by Ascochyta and related taxa, such as Phoma. The causal agents of the Ascochyta blight are often associated with specific legume plants, showing a relatively narrow host range. The legume-associated Ascochyta and Phoma are known to produce a diverse array of polyketide-derived secondary metabolites, many of which exhibited significant phytotoxicity and have been claimed as virulence or pathogenicity factors. In this article, we reviewed the current state of knowledge on the diversity and biological activities of the phytotoxic compounds produced by Ascochyta and Phoma species. Also, we touched on the secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters identified thus far and discussed the role of metabolites in the fungal biology.

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Can, C., H. Ozkilinc, A. Kahraman, and H. Ozkan. "First Report of Ascochyta rabiei Causing Ascochyta Blight of Cicer pinnatifidum." Plant Disease 91, no. 7 (July 2007): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-7-0908c.

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In July 2005, small (2 to 5 mm), elongated, dark brown spots on the stems of Cicer pinnatifidum Jaub. & Spach. were observed on plants grown in the rocky hills of the Kahramanmaras Province. To understand this phenomenon, field trips to Kahramanmaras, Adiyaman, and Sanliurfa provinces were conducted in the summer of 2006. C. pinnatifidum plants exhibiting symptoms similar to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. were collected during May and June. The plants had flowers and pods with seeds at the time of collection. Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems were not extensive. None of the plants had leaf symptoms, but one plant had lesions on its pods. Twelve plants exhibiting Ascochyta blight symptoms were taken to the laboratory, and necrotic parts were used for isolation of the fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 3 to 5 days of culturing on PDA, characteristic beige-to-dark brown colony development of A. rabiei from explants was observed and five isolates from different locations were recovered. The fungal colony growth was slow and limited conidia formed on PDA. The isolates were also cultured on chickpea meal agar (CMA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) media. Abundant conidia formation occurred only on CMA, 10 to 12 days after culturing. Conidia were one-celled similar to that of A. rabiei of chickpea and single-spore isolations were done. C. pinnatifidum and chickpea cv. Gokce (C. arietinum L.) were inoculated with spore suspensions of 5 × 105 spores per ml (2). Ten- to twelve-day-old seedlings were used for inoculation in the experiments. Brown-black lesions at the crown region on C. pinnatifidum seedlings were observed 9 to 10 days after inoculation, and characteristic Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems developed on chickpea cv. Gokce. The fungus was reisolated from the infected seedlings. For molecular characterization, mating type of the isolates was determined by PCR using A. rabiei specific Tail1, Com1, and Sp21 primers (1). A single band of Mat 1.2 specific 500- bp product was amplified by PCR from five of the A. rabiei isolates of C. pinnatifidum. This confirmed that the isolates from C. pinnatifidum are A. rabiei. References: (1) M. P. Barve et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 39:151, 2003. (2) M. S. A. Khan et al. Plant Pathol. 48:230, 1999.

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Česnulevičienė, Rūta, Irena Gaurilčikienė, and Jūratė Ramanauskienė. "Control of ascochyta blight (Ascochyta complex) in pea under Lithuanian conditions." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 101, no. 1 (March 28, 2014): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2014.101.014.

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Bretag, T. W., P. J. Keane, and T. V. Price. "The epidemiology and control of ascochyta blight in field peas: a review." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 8 (2006): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05222.

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Ascochyta blight is one of the most important diseases affecting field peas. The disease occurs in almost all pea-growing regions of the world and can cause significant crop losses when conditions are favourable for an epidemic. Here we review current knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease. Details are provided of disease symptoms, the disease cycle and the taxonomy of the causal fungi, Ascochyta pisi, Mycosphaerella pinodes and Phoma pinodella. The importance of seed-, soil- and air-borne inoculum is discussed along with the factors that influence survival of the causal fungi in soil, on seed or associated with pea trash. Many studies have been reviewed to establish how the fungi responsible for the disease survives from year to year, how the disease becomes established in new crops and the conditions that favour disease development. Evidence is provided that crop rotation, destruction of infected pea trash and chemical seed treatments can significantly reduce the amount of primary inoculum. Later sowing of crops has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of disease. Fungicides have been used successfully to control the disease, although the cost of their application can significantly reduce the profitability of the crop. The best long-term strategy for effective disease control appears to be the development of ascochyta blight resistant pea varieties. Reports of physiological specialisation in ascochyta blight fungi are also documented. Despite extensive screening of germplasm, relatively few sources of resistance to ascochyta blight fungi have been found in Pisum sativum. However, the discovery of much better sources of resistance in closely related species and the development of advanced breeding methods offer new possibilities for developing useful resistance.

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Golani, M., O. Frenkel, M. Bornstein, R. Shulhani, S. Abbo, and D. Shtienberg. "Prevalence, Development, and Significance of Ascochyta Blight Caused by Peyronellaea pinodes in Pisum elatius Populations Growing in Natural Ecosystems." Phytopathology® 106, no. 8 (August 2016): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-16-0064-r.

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Wild Pisum populations prevail in Israel in regions with diverse climatic conditions. A comprehensive survey was conducted in the winters of 2007–08 and 2008–09 at two sites in northern Israel, aiming to (i) document the density of Pisum elatius plants in natural ecosystems and elucidate factors related to their initial infection by Ascochyta blight and (ii) determine the factors governing disease development over time on individual plants. The surveyors identified P. elatius plants growing in designated quadrats, inspected each plant visually, and recorded the incidence and severity of its Ascochyta blight symptoms. Ascochyta blight, caused by Peyronellaea pinodes, was ubiquitous in Pisum elatius populations at both survey sites in both seasons. However, the total leaf area exhibiting disease symptoms of individual plants was very low, and stem and pod infections were rarely observed. Based on analyses of the survey data, it was suggested that, in natural ecosystems, the teleomorph stage of Peyronellaea pinodes serves as the main source of the primary and the secondary inoculum of the disease. In addition, it was found that infected leaves dropped off soon after infection, thereby precluding development of stem lesions. The plants continued growing and did not die; thus, they overcame the disease and could be considered “cured”. This phenomenon was examined and confirmed in artificially inoculated, potted-plant experiments. It would be worthwhile to exploit the potential of this unique resistance mechanism as a tool for Ascochyta blight management in pea breeding.

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Ahmad, Salman, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Irfan Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal, Ejaz Ashraf, Muhammad Atiq, Yasir Ali, and Saima Naseer. "Efficacy of fungicides, plant extracts and biocontrol agents against Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions." Plant Science Today 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1007.

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Two fungicides, Aliette and ThiovitJet @ 0.15%, containing Aluminum tris (O-ethyl phosphonate) and sulphur compounds, respectively; two plant extracts, Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica @ 8% and one biocontrol agent, Trichoderma harzianum @ 107 conidia ml-1 were investigated against ascochyta blight of chickpea under field conditions. Treatments were evaluated on three varieties susceptible to chickpea blight. Field trial revealed that Aliette and ThiovitJet significantly decreased disease severity to 17 and 23% respectively, followed by M. azedarach and A. indica which decreased severity to 50 and 56% respectively, compared to control with 75% disease severity. T. harzianum, with a severity of 63%, was significantly less effective than fungicides and both plant extracts in controlling blight disease. The current research revealed that systemic and sulphur containing fungicides, both plant extracts and the biocontrol agent have the potential to control ascochyta blight of chickpea.

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Beeck, C. P., J. Wroth, and W. A. Cowling. "Genetic variation in stem strength in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and its association with compressed stem thickness." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05210.

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We assessed genetic variation in stem strength in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) using physical and biological measures in order to develop selection criteria for breeding programs. A diverse group of 6 pea genotypes was subjected to 2 levels of disease (ascochyta leaf and stem blight), high and low. Stem samples were tested for physical stem strength (load at breaking point and flexion) using a universal testing machine. Stem diameter and compressed stem thickness were measured as biological indicators of stem strength. The genotypes varied significantly in physical and biological measures of stem strength, and in resistance to ascochyta blight. Load at breaking point was strongly associated with compressed stem thickness but only weakly associated with stem diameter. Significant variation in compressed stem thickness was present among pea genotypes, supporting this as an inexpensive, reliable, and quantitative measure for use in the field. There was no variation in stem lignin content among genotypes. Ascochyta blight resistance and stem strength, as assessed by load, flexion, or compressed stem thickness, were independent traits (the main effects of disease level and genotype × disease level interactions for load, flexion, and compressed stem thickness were non-significant). Therefore, concurrent genetic gains in both ascochyta resistance and stem strength should be possible in the same pea breeding population.

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Chandirasekaran, Rajamohan, Thomas D. Warkentin, Yantai Gan, Steven Shirtliffe, Bruce D. Gossen, Bunyamin Tar'an, and Sabine Banniza. "Improved sources of resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07210.

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Successful chickpea production in western Canada typically requires multiple applications of fungicides to minimize the severity of ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. Although planting resistant cultivars could be economical and environmentally safer than fungicide use, varieties with a high level of resistance are not available. The objective of this research was to identify potentially useful parents for breeding programs aimed at the northern Great Plains by assessing the AB reaction of 12 desi and 12 kabuli chickpea varieties for their AB reaction on leaves, stems and pods under two fungicide regimes. The experiment was conducted at Swift Current and Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, in 2004 and 2005. Differences in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods, seed yield and 1000-seed weight occurred among varieties at all site-years tested. The variation was greater among kabuli varieties than desi varieties. Ascochyta blight severity was generally lower under the high fungicide regime. A positive correlation in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods was observed, suggesting a lack of organ-specific reaction. Several promising varieties that combined improved levels of AB resistance, high yield, and large seed size were identified. Key words: Didymella rabiei, Ascochyta rabiei, Cicer arietinum, fungicide efficacy

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Vandenberg, Albert, Tom Warkentin, and Al Slinkard. "CDC Desiray desi chickpea." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 795–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-051.

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CDC Desiray, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 1999 by the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Desiray has pinnate leaf type, fair ascochyta blight resistance, early maturity, medium-sized plump seeds with a light tan coloured seed coat and good yielding ability in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

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Viotti, G., M. A. Carmona, M. Scandiani, A. N. Formento, and A. Luque. "First Report of Ascochyta rabiei Causing Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea in Argentina." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (September 2012): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-12-0153-pdn.

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In November 2011, lesions similar to those reported for Ascochyta blight (1) were observed on Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) plants growing in three commercial fields located at Río Primero and Río Segundo (Cordoba Province) and Lobería (Buenos Aires Province), Argentina. Disease incidence (percentage of plants affected) was 100% in all fields surveyed. Plants showed leaves, petioles, stems, and pods with brown lesions. Symptoms on leaves and pods were circular to oval (2 to 14 mm) while in the stems the lesions were elongated (2 to 30 mm). Seeds appeared small and shriveled with brown discoloration. Morphology of the fungi was examined on infected tissues. Numerous black pycnidia measuring 94.6 to 217.9 μm (145.9 ± 28.8 μm), arranged in concentric rings, were observed within of all the lesions. Conidia were predominantly aseptate, straight, hyaline with blunt ends, and measured 9.3 to 12.9 (11.3 ± 1.12) × 3.3 to 5.0 μm (4.2 ± 0.51). Morphological characteristics of the pathogen were similar to those described for Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph Didymella rabiei (Kovacheski) v. Arx (= Mycosphaerella rabiei Kovacheski)) (2). Fungus from infected leaf tissues was isolated on potato dextrose agar. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on seedlings of the susceptible cultivar by spraying leaves of each of 100 seedling plants with 10 ml of a conidial suspension (2 × 104 conidia/ml) of the isolated pathogen with a handheld atomizer. Plants were covered with plastic bags and placed in a growing chamber at 20 to 25°C for 3 days. The plastic bags were removed and the plants were maintained in high humidity at the same temperature. Noninoculated plants were used as controls. After 5 days, all inoculated plants showed typical symptoms. Foliar and stem lesions symptoms were similar to those originally observed in the field. Control plants remained healthy. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by isolating A. rabiei from inoculated plants. The colonies and the morphology of conidia were the same as those of the original isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. rabiei infecting chickpeas in Argentina. The outbreak of Ascochyta blight in Argentina is of concern because of its severity and the possibility that the pathogen was introduced on seed. This report underscores the need for further research on effective management programs for Ascochyta blight. References: (1) B. Bayaa and W. Chen. Compendium of Chickpea and Lentil Diseases and Pests The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2011. (2) E. Punithalingam and P. Holliday. Page 337 in: CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1972.

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Pandey, B. K., U. S. Singh, and H. S. Chaube. "Mode of Infection of Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea Caused by Ascochyta rabiei." Journal of Phytopathology 119, no. 1 (May 1987): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1987.tb04387.x.

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Koleva, M., Y. Stanoeva, I. Kiryakov, and A. Ivanova. "Sources of resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) to ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei)." Agricultural Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (September 2018): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2018.03.037.

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Chongo, G., L. Buchwaldt, B. D. Gossen, G. P. Lafond, W. E. May, E. N. Johnson, and T. Hogg. "Foliar fungicides to manage ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei] of chickpea in Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 25, no. 2 (June 2003): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660309507061.

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34

Cappelli, C., R. Buonaurio, and R. Torricelli. "First Report of Lentil Ascochyta Blight Caused by Ascochyta lentis in Italy." Plant Disease 83, no. 1 (January 1999): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.1.77c.

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In May 1997, ascochyta blight incited by Ascochyta lentis Vassiljevsky was observed at an incidence of less than 5% in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) fields in Umbria (Central Italy). Symptoms appeared on leaves and stems as tan spots surrounded by a dark margin. Small black pycnidia that produced a pink exudate containing hyaline, 1 septate, 14.2 to 15.8 × 3.5 μm conidia under high humidity were visible in the center of the spots. The fungus was consistently isolated on potato dextrose agar from diseased leaves or stems. To satisfy Koch's postulates, a conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) of the fungus was sprayed on leaves of 20-day-old lentil plants (landrace Castelluccio) that were maintained in a humidity chamber for 96 h after inoculation. Lesions resembling symptoms that occurred in the field were observed on plants 3 weeks after inoculation. Symptoms were not observed on control plants sprayed with water. The fungus reisolated from the diseased plants was identical to the original isolates. Based on morphological characteristics of pycnidia and conidia as well as pathogenicity, the fungus was identified as A. lentis. A deep-freeze blotter method (2) was used to detect A. lentis in lentil seeds of 20 local landraces used by Umbrian farmers and two accessions from Canada and Turkey, as well as in seed collected from infected fields. The fungus was present only in the two lentil accessions with an incidence of about 5%. Although the fungus had been isolated from Italian seed germplasm in 1986 (1), this is the first report of ascochyta blight occurring in lentil crops in Italy. The heavy rainfalls that characterize the first stage of lentil cultivation in Umbria are favorable for disease development while hot and dry conditions that usually occur during flowering and maturation prevent the dissemination of inoculum and the infection of the seeds. For these reasons, some Umbrian areas could be more suitable for production of ascochyta-free lentil seeds. References: (1) W. J. Kaiser and R. M. Hannan. Phytopathology 76:355, 1986. (2) T. Limonard. Proc. Int. Seed Test. Assoc. 33:343, 1968.

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Gayacharan, Upasana Rani, Sarvjeet Singh, Ashwani K. Basandrai, Virender K. Rathee, Kuldeep Tripathi, Neeta Singh, et al. "Identification of novel resistant sources for ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in chickpea." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): e0240589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240589.

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Nguyen, T. T., P. W. J. Taylor, R. J. Redden, and R. Ford. "Resistance to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. in a wild Cicer germplasm collection." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04031.

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Cultivated chickpea germplasm collections contain a low frequency of ascochyta blight resistant accessions. This might lead to limitations on the future progress of chickpea breeding worldwide. In an effort to identify novel sources of resistance to ascochyta blight, 56 unique accessions, comprising 8 annual wild Cicer species, were evaluated under a controlled environment that was optimal for infection with an aggressive Australian isolate of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse. The majority of wild Cicer accessions were either susceptible or highly susceptible to A. rabiei 21 days after inoculation; however, 11 accessions, of which 7 were Cicer judaicum, were resistant. The most resistant accession detected in this study, ATC 46934, together with accessions ATC 46892 and ATC 46935, which were resistant in this and another study, should be targeted for use in future interspecific resistance breeding programs.

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Kinane, J., and M. F. Lyngkjaer. "Effect of barley-legume intercrop on disease frequency in an organic farming system." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10360-pps.

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The effect of barley-legume intercrop in an organic farming system on disease incidence was investigated. The legumes were lupin, faba bean and pea. Diseases were detected on pea and barley. On pea, only ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi) was observed. When either pea variety was intercropped with barley, the level of ascochyta blight was reduced. Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) (in order of incidence) were monitored on barley between flag leaf emergence and heading. The levels of all three diseases were reduced in every intercrop treatment compared to the barley monocrop. However, this reduction was only statistically significant in the pea treatments for net blotch.

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Roundhill, S. J., B. A. Fineran, A. L. J. Cole, and M. Ingerfeld. "Structural aspects of Ascochyta blight of lentil." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-049.

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Ascochyta fabae Speg. f.sp. lentis (Gossen et al. 1986) causes lesions on the leaf, stem, and pod of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), thereby reducing seed quality and yield. Lesion formation was studied in two cultivars, Laird and Invincible, using light and electron microscopy of intact and excised leaves and stems inoculated with spore suspension. Spores germinated usually within 6 h of inoculation and germ tubes grew for varying distances along the leaf surface before forming an appressorium, sometimes within less than 10 h. A penetration peg then either directly entered the underlying epidermal cell, or grew as a subcuticular hypha for a short distance before entering the cell. The first response of epidermal cells to presence of the fungus was an aggregation of cytoplasm abutting the site of infection. This was followed closely by deposition of a papilla. Some relatively thick papillae were seen at 29 h postinoculation. The fungus then grew into the papilla and formed an infection vesicle. In susceptible host cells, the protoplasm became necrotic before hyphae grew into the lumen of the cell from the infection vesicle. In more resistant cells, the infection vesicle often became surrounded by electron-dense wall material developed by the host. The fungus remained in susceptible epidermal cells for up to 4 days, amongst remnants of the protoplast, before spreading to the adjacent mesophyll. Hyphae grew into intercellular spaces of the mesophyll and remained there for 2 – 3 days before penetrating the cells. The mesophyll reacted in a similar way to infection as did the epidermis, with only host cells close to the fungus becoming affected. Cultivar Laird was found to be less susceptible to infection than cv. Invincible. At the structural level, the infection process was found to be similar except that in cv. Laird the infection vesicle more frequently became surrounded by electron-dense wall material formed by the host. In stem tissue of cv. Laird the middle lamella was also occasionally thickened with electron-dense material deposited on either side of it. After the degeneration of host tissue, pycnidia-bearing spores were formed 10 – 14 days after inoculation of the leaf. Key words: Ascochyta, lentil, ultrastructure, infection process.

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Ye, G., D. L. McNeil, and G. D. Hill. "Breeding for resistance to lentil Ascochyta blight." Plant Breeding 121, no. 3 (June 2002): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00705.x.

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Bhardwaj, R., J. S. Sandhu, Livinder Kaur, S. K. Gupta, P. M. Gaur, and R. Varshney. "Genetics of ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea." Euphytica 171, no. 3 (September 3, 2009): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0020-7.

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Gil, J., P. Castro, T. Millan, E. Madrid, and J. Rubio. "Development of new kabuli large-seeded chickpea materials with resistance to Ascochyta blight." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 11 (2017): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17055.

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Appearance and size of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are key factors for the market in the Mediterranean Basin driven by consumer preferences. Hence, kabuli large seeds are sold on the market at higher price than the desi seeds. In this crop, Ascochyta blight (caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.) is a serious disease causing major losses in yield. Thus, developing large-seeded kabuli cultivars resistant to blight would be of great importance to farmers. In this study, the use of transgressive inheritance to select new allelic combinations for seed size was applied to develop new chickpea materials with large seeds and resistance to blight. Crosses between five different advanced lines of kabuli chickpea genotypes with medium–large seed size and resistant to blight were performed. As a results of the selections carried out during 10 successive years, 11 F5:9 lines resistant to blight and with large seed size were selected to be released as future varieties. The markers SCY17590 and CaETR were employed to confirm blight resistance of the material developed.

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Galdames, R., and M. Mera. "First Report of Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea Caused by Ascochyta rabiei in Chile." Plant Disease 87, no. 5 (May 2003): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.603b.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants with foliar and stem lesions fitting the description of Ascochyta blight were observed in October 2002 in four chickpea crops located in the La Araucania Region (38°S, 72°24′W) in southern Chile. Large, circular foliar and stem lesions containing pycnidia arranged in concentric circles were observed (1). Stem breakage also was observed. Isolates were obtained from mature pycnidia developed on stems by culturing a spore suspension on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and chickpea seed meal agar. A pathogenicity test was performed by inoculating 25 plants with a suspension of 1.2 × 105 conidia ml-1 and incubating at 22°C and 75% relative humidity. Foliar and stem lesions were observed 5 and 7 days after inoculation, respectively. Four check plants sprayed with sterile distilled water showed no symptoms. Fungal colonies obtained from inoculated plants showed the same cultural characteristics as the original isolates. Cultural morphology was consistent with the description of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph Didymella rabiei (Kovacheski) v. Arx (= Mycosphaerella rabiei Kovacheski)) (3). Conidia produced on PDA were predominantly aseptate, 3.90 to 5.85 μm wide, and 9.75 to 11.7 μm long. Affected plants (cv. Kaniva) originated from seed introduced at commercial volumes (69 ton) from Victoria, Australia in August 2002. A. Rabiei can be disseminated via infected seed (1). Ascochyta blight symptoms also have been observed in small patches in several crops near Temuco, the capital of the La Araucania Region. Chickpea production is currently, relatively small in southern Chile, however, plans to promote its cultivation may be hindered by this outbreak. Previously, the only other country to report Ascochyta blight of chickpea in South America was Bolivia (2). References: (1) W. J. Kaiser. Epidemiology of Ascochyta rabiei. Pages 117–134 in: Disease-resistance Breeding in Chickpea. K. B. Singh and M. C. Saxena, eds. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, 1992. (2) W. J. Kaiser et al. Plant Dis. 84:102, 2000. (3) E. Punithalingam and P. Holliday. No. 337 in: CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1972.

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Atienza, S. G., C. Palomino, N. Gutiérrez, C. M. Alfaro, D. Rubiales, A. M. Torres, and C. M. Ávila. "QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.): validation in field and controlled conditions." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 2 (2016): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15227.

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Ascochyta blight is an important disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Yield losses can be as high as 90% and losses of 35–40% are common. The line 29H is one of the most resistant accessions to the pathogen (Ascochyta fabae Speg.) ever described. In this work, we aimed to validate across generations the main quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ascochyta blight resistance identified in the cross 29H × Vf136 and to test their stability under field conditions. QTLs located on chromosomes II and III have been consistently identified in the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of this cross, in both controlled (growth chamber) and field conditions and, thus they are good targets for breeding. In addition, a new QTL for disease severity on pods has been located on chromosome VI, but in this case, further validation is still required. A synteny-based approach was used to compare our results with previous QTL works dealing with this pathogen. Our results suggest that the QTL located on chromosome II, named Af2, is the same one reported by other researchers, although it is likely that the donors of resistance differ in the allele conferring the resistance. By contrast, the location of Af3 on chromosome III does not overlap with the position of Af1 reported by other authors, suggesting that Af3 may be an additional source of resistance to ascochyta blight.

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Sun, S. L., Z. D. Zhu, and D. X. Xu. "Occurrence of Ascochyta Blight Caused by Ascochyta rabiei on Chickpea in North China." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (July 2016): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1406-pdn.

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Kaiser, W. J., G. M. Rivero, E. Valverde, L. Yerkes, and T. L. Peever. "Occurrence of the Ascochyta blight pathogen,Ascochyta lentis, on lentil seed in Bolivia." Australasian Plant Disease Notes 2, no. 1 (2007): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/dn07032.

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Armstrong-Cho, C., T. Wolf, G. Chongo, Y. Gan, T. Hogg, G. Lafond, E. Johnson, and S. Banniza. "The effect of carrier volume on ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) control in chickpea." Crop Protection 27, no. 6 (June 2008): 1020–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2007.12.010.

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Upadhyay, Rajeev K., Doug Kenfield, Gary A. Strobel, and Wilford M. Hess. "Ascochyta cypericola sp.nov. causing leaf blight of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-103.

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Marcinkowska, Joanna. "Preservation methods for isolates of ascochyta blight fungi." Acta Mycologica 39, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2004.012.

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Isolates of ascochyta blight fungi, two of Ascochyta pisi, four of Mycosphaerella pinodes and four of Phoma pinodella were stored: A - on slants under mineral oil, B - on CN's medium agar disks, and as conidial suspension: C - in glycerine, D · in water. Viability and pathogenicity of recovered cultures after each consecutive year were assesed from 1991 to 1999. The compared parameters were first of all strongly influenced by the preservation method, but fungus species and number of years had a minor importance. The best for longer storage was method "A" because after 9 years the isolates were viable, highly pathogenic, and cultures recovered from them were clean. Thc method "C'' is good for short keeping (2-3 years), as conidia in vials need only small space and gave clean cultures.

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Taran, B., F. Holm, and S. Banniza. "Response of chickpea cultivars to pre- and post-emergence herbicide applications." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 2 (March 2013): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-167.

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Taran, B., Holm, F. and Banniza, S. 2013. Response of chickpea cultivars to pre- and post-emergence herbicide applications. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 279–286. Weed control is one of the major constraints of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production in western Canada. There are no highly selective herbicides registered for broadleaf weed control in this crop in western Canada, consequently herbicide injury to the crop is an issue in many situations. Experiments were conducted at Saskatoon and Elrose, SK, to examine the effects of herbicide treatments on ascochyta blight severity, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and yield of several chickpea cultivars. Results in 2008 and 2009 showed that sulfentrazone was the safest option evaluated for broadleaf weed control in chickpea. The results also showed that although a pre-emergence application of low-rate imazethapyr caused minor levels of injury to the plants and slightly increased ascochyta blight severity, it had only minor effects on plant development and yield compared with sulfentrazone. In contrast, post-emergence applications of imazethapyr, imazamox and metribuzin increased ascochyta blight severity significantly, delayed flowering and maturity and reduced yield. The extent of the effects of pre- and post-emergence herbicide applications varied with cultivars.

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Ye, G., D. L. McNeil, and G. D. Hill. "Lentil Ascochyta blight and breeding for its resistance." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3620.

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Abstract:

This paper summarises existing studies of the genetics of resistance of lentils to Ascochyta blight and the genetic variation among pathogen populations with particular emphasis on the results from our programme Breeding methods are discussed Six pathotypes have been identified Resistance is mainly under the control of major genes but minor genes also play a role Current breeding programs are based on crossing resistant cultivars with high yield cultivars and multilocation testing Gene pyramiding exploring slow blighting and partial resistance and the use of genes from wild relatives will be the methods used in future

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ascochyta blight'

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