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Academic literature on the topic 'Asceticism History Middle Ages'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Asceticism History Middle Ages"

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Megna, Paul. "Better Living through Dread: Medieval Ascetics, Modern Philosophers, and the Long History of Existential Anxiety." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 5 (October 2015): 1285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.5.1285.

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Intellectual historians often credit S⊘ren Kierkegaard as existential anxiety's prime mover. Arguing against this popular sentiment, this essay reads Kierkegaard not as the ex nihilo inventor of existential anxiety but as a modern practitioner of a deep-historical, dread-based asceticism. Examining a wide range of Middle English devotional literature alongside some canonical works of modern existentialism, it argues that Kierkegaard and the existentialists who followed him participated in a Judeo-Christian tradition of dread-based asceticism, the popularity of which had dwindled since the Middle Ages but never vanished. Following medieval ascetics, modern philosophers like Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre cultivated and analyzed anxiety in an effort to embody authenticity. By considering premodern ascetics early existentialists and modern existentialists latter-day ascetics, the essay sees the long history of existential anxiety as an ascetic tradition built around the ethical goal of living better through dread.
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Rudi, Tatiana R. "On the Asceticism of Holy Fools (from the History of Hagiographic Topoi)." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 456–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.27.

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The present research is based on material from Old Russian lives of holy fools: Isaacius of the Cave Monastery, Procopius and John of Ustyug, Basil the Blessed, John Bolshoy Kolpak (Big Cap), Simon of Yuryevets, John Vlasaty (the Hairy), Maximus of Totma, Procopius of Vyatka, John Samsonovich of Solvychegodsk, Artemius Tretyak, and others. The main ascetic motifs that determine this type of hagiographic texts are examined in the context of hagiographic topoi. Many ascetic motifs of the lives of holy fools, which is an element of the system of hagiographic topoi, demonstrate kinship with ascetic motifs of the lives of holy monks (e.g., severe fasting, wearing chains, suffering from cold and heat, etc.), and in some cases also with the lives of martyrs (e.g., fire motifs). At the same time, some ascetic practices described in the lives of holy fools are rather provocative (nudity or aggressive behavior) or take place in a veiled form (e.g., hidden fasts) in accordance with an emphasis on the unusual feat for the sake of Christ. The aim of this feat was to hide one’s virtues. A focus on examples, which is one of the essential elements of the structure of hagiographic texts generally and of the lives of holy fools in particular, reflects a historical continuity of the extreme feat as such. The explanation of this cultural phenomenon could lie in the fact that Old Russian hagiographers, as well as their heroes, followed the most important ethical and aesthetic guideline of their time—the principle of imitatio, which to a great extent determined literary and behavioral strategies of the Middle Ages.
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АРХИПОВА, С. В. "FORMS OF RELIGIOUS ASCETICISM IN EGYPT: TRIGGERS IN THE HISTORY OF WORLDVIEWS." Цивилизация и варварство, no. 10(10) (November 10, 2021): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.10.10.017.

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Целью статьи является рассмотрение последовательно сменявших друг друга форм аскетического идеала в Египте, способствовавших переходу от античных социокультурных ориентиров к новой системе христианских общественно значимых ценностей и норм. Во II в. до н.э. парадоксы крайних воплощений религиозной аскезы, чуждые традиционной египетской ментальности, вызывали негативную реакцию со стороны приверженцев общепринятых мировоззренческих стереотипов, которая проявлялась в актах варварской агрессии. По мере смещения мировоззренческих парадигм к христианству смещался и вектор агрессии: в III–IV вв. ее объектами становились уже сторонники прежних стереотипов. Являясь, с одной стороны, выражением экзистенциального кризиса своего времени, египетские аскезы в то же время несли в себе мощный цивилизационный потенциал, включивший механизм перехода общественного сознания от Поздней Античности к Раннему Средневековью. Инверсия варварства и цивилизации в оценках этих исторических процессов современниками и последующими поколениями была неизбежна. В сплаве идей, представлений, общественных ориентиров и ценностей выкристаллизовывался вектор развития будущего христианского культурного сообщества, породившего в качестве своего стержня явление монашества с его социальной ролью «патрона», «заступника» и «посредника», характерной для позднеантичного сознания и перепереосмысленной в рамках новой системы ценностей. Однако без ранней формы аскезы катохов, воплотивших первоначальный аскетический идеал, эволюционный скачок в истории мировоззрений был бы невозможен. Ни в российской ни в зарубежной научной литературе не освещалась историческая роль катохов и не рассматривались египетские аскезы в аспекте их взаимосвязи. The purpose of the article is to consider the successive forms of the ascetic ideal in Egypt, which contributed to the transition from ancient socio-cultural guidelines to a new system of Christian socially significant values and norms. In the second century BC, the paradoxes of extreme embodiments of religious asceticism, alien to the traditional Egyptian mentality, caused a negative reaction from adherents of generally accepted ideological stereotypes, which was manifested in acts of barbaric aggression. As the worldview paradigms shifted to Christianity, the vector of aggression also shifted: in the III–IV centuries its objects were already supporters of the previous stereotypes. Being, on the one hand, an expression of the existential crisis of their time, Egyptian asceticism at the same time carried a powerful civilizational potential, which included a mechanism for the transition of public consciousness from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. The inversion of barbarism and civilization in the assessments of these historical processes by contemporaries and subsequent generations was inevitable. In the fusion of ideas, ideas, social guidelines and values, the vector of development of the future Christian cultural community was crystallized, which gave rise to the phenomenon of monasticism as its core, with its social role of “patron”, “intercessor” and “mediator”, characteristic of the late Antique consciousness and reinterpreted within the framework of a new system of values. However, without the early form of asceticism of the Catholics, who embodied the original ascetic ideal, an evolutionary leap in the history of worldviews would have been impossible. Neither Russian nor foreign scientific literature has covered the historical role of the Catholics and has not considered Egyptian asceticism in the aspect of their relationship.
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Beers, Walter. "Norm and Exercise: Christian Asceticism between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Potsdamer altertumswissenschaftliche Beiträge, vol. 65. Edited by Roberto Alciati. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2018. 202 pp. €46.00 paperback." Church History 89, no. 2 (June 2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640720000815.

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Honneth, Axel. "‘Labour’, A Brief History of a Modern Concept." Philosophy 97, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003181912100036x.

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As has often been observed, neither the thinkers of antiquity nor those of the Middle Ages exhibited a great theoretical interest in the social value or even the ethical significance of labour. Throughout this long period of history, the labour an individual had to carry out to make a living, and thus under compulsion, was understood more or less solely as a heavy burden. It signified daily toil and the state of personal dependency attaching to a lowly social rank. Consequently, there was no cause to subject it to any kind of moral consideration. Indeed, as Moses Finley reports (1999, p. 81) ‘[n]either in Greek nor Latin was there a word with which to express the general notion of ‘labour’ or the concept of labour as a general social function’ (see too Arendt, 2013 [1958], pp. 81 ff.). Famously, with the advent of modernity, the very opposite begins to become the case. In this period, in the wake of various intersecting processes of cultural revaluation and economic transformation, labour developed into a positive credential of free existence and a presupposition of social integrity: the Protestant ethic led to a gradual upgrading of the value of labour, because it was interpreted as a sign that one possessed a capacity for inner-worldly asceticism. In the course of the establishment of capitalist economic practices, the liberation of labour from personal dependency in legal terms gave rise to the idea that gainful work could henceforth be proof of a free decision, and it thus provided the precondition of individual independence. And over time, the more the intellectual union between these two revolutions was strengthened, the more it would go on to influence the cultural self-understanding of modern societies in the capitalist west: what was previously the sheer necessity of earning a daily crust was now understood as proof of social emancipation and freedom. Nobody provided a better conceptualisation of this transformed self-conception than Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who devoted an entire chapter of his ‘Philosophy of Right’ of 1821 to the emancipatory value of labour; here, he tells us that every (male) member of civil society ‘is somebody’ through ‘his competence’ and his ‘regular income and means of support’, i.e. possesses the social status of a full-fledged citizen, and will find ‘his honour’ in this recognised existence as a professional (Hegel 1991 [1821], § 253).
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Zheleznova, Natalia A. "Ascetics and/or laypeople: Jain view on humam status in the world." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080014204-1.

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The article examines the ethical system of Jainism on the example of the lifestyle of ascetic monks and lay householders. The disciplinary rules for lay followers (both Digambara and Śvetāmbara branches of Jainism) are fixed in the texts of the śrāvakācāra genre compiled by ascetics. This reflects the hierarchical distribution of “roles” within the Jain community. Ascetics represent the most advanced part of the community on the spiritual Path of Liberation, while lay people have only just entered this path. The author focuses on the fact that in Jainism monasticism is considered as a spiritually higher stage, and not just a different (but equally significant) way of salvation. Only monks of certain ranks have the right to preach publicly, interpret the Scriptures, and instruct the laity. Householders can only do this in the absence of monks. At the same time, ascetics are almost completely dependent on the laity for their everyday life, since householders are obliged to provide them with everything necessary for life. The introduction of an intermediate, quasi-monastic way of life in the form of the bhaṭṭārakas (Digambra) and śrīpūjya (Śvetāmbra) in the middle ages allowed the Jain community to survive and even have a direct impact on the political and economic situation in various regions of India. The author emphasizes that written in all-India paradigm of the life regulations (artha, kāma, dharma and mokṣa), Jain system of domestic rituals, coupled with the practice of vows and limitations focused on training of householders to move towards self-improvement and eventually achieve the main religious goal – realization the nature of one’s own soul.
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Matitashvili, Shota. "The Monasteries Founded by the Thirteen Syrian Fathers in Iberia." Studies in Late Antiquity 2, no. 1 (2018): 4–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2018.2.1.4.

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A new step in the history of Christian monasticism in eastern Georgia is associated with thirteen Syrian monks, led by John, who came to Iberia (K‘art‘li) in the mid-sixth century C.E. They were the bearers of a Syrian tradition that implied the combination of an heroic ascetic endeavor and an apostolic mission. They came as spiritual heirs of St. Nino, a Cappadocian virgin who converted Georgia to Christianity in the beginning of the fourth century. Their vitae were first composed by a certain hagiographer named John-Martyrius, but this work does not survive. In the tenth century, the head of the Georgian Church and the distinguished ecclesiastical writer Arsenius II (955–980) depicted their lives and deeds based on different oral and written sources. Later, other unknown authors also wrote additional hagiographical works about these Syrian ascetics. At the beginning of their ascetic and ecclesiastical careers, the thirteen Syrian monks settled on Zedazeni mountain with their spiritual supervisor, John. John later sent them to different corners of the Iberian kingdom in opposition to paganism and Zoroastrianism. They founded monasteries and became influential religious leaders during the second half of the sixth century. Through their vitae, composed by Arsenius and other unknown authors, it is possible to trace the process of transforming the small ascetic communities established by Syrian monks into great feudal organizations. These monasteries had an important impact on the Georgian social and cultural landscape during the Middle Ages.
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UCHIROVA, Margarita, Sergey KHUDYAKOV, and Varvara BRIGUGLIO. "Intramundane Asceticism as a Basis for Organizing Irish Monastery in the Early Middle Ages." WISDOM 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v2i1.774.

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The work aims to study the features of the organization of the early medieval Christian society based on the development of intramundane asceticism as the basis of worldly activities with the aim of the natural arrangement of the world under the commitment to the conceptual vocation. The need to update the research study on this issue of inciting contradictions in ideas about the essence of Irish Christian culture. The chronological scope of the study is limited to the period of the 5th-11thcenturies. The lower limit of distribution with the birth of the Irish Christian mission and the appearance of the first missionary monks. The upper one is limited to the 11th century - a period of weakening of the Irish Church, rains of Viking raids, and later - the Anglo-Normans. The paper reflects the main features of the formation of Christian culture in the territory during the early Middle Ages, traces the evolution and reveals the characteristic features of the dynamics of the culture of Irish monasteries, and reveals the role of Irish monasteries in the development of modern culture. The article uses general scientific methods and methods of historical analysis.
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Oakley, Francis. "The Paradox of Holy Matter in the Later Middle Ages." Harvard Theological Review 106, no. 2 (April 2013): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816013000023.

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Via the focus on food that she had found to be the distinguishing preoccupation in the female piety of the Middle Ages and had addressed so probingly and with such independence of scholarly spirit in her Holy Feast and Holy Fast, Caroline Walker Bynum has moved on over the past two decades, and logically enough, to bring her formidable scholarly intelligence and drive to bear, first, on issues pertaining to the body and then, beyond that, to the intriguing cat's cradle of questions pertaining to late-medieval assumptions about matter and its nature in general. The first impulse came to fruition in her Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity, 200–1336, a book in which celibacy, asceticism, fasting, and renunciation notwithstanding, she pushed back hard against the modern temptation to project onto medieval religiosity some sort of body-hating soul-body dualism. In this she was moved, as she herself has forthrightly acknowledged, by a “determination to let individual voices be individual and to let the past be different,” as well as by the adamant refusal, evinced also in the work under review, to simplify “the intricate and contradictory assumptions and practices” she was exploring. “Paradox remains paradox,” she has bluntly insisted, and “complexity remains complex” (13).
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Brundage, J. A. "The Gay Middle Ages?" Radical History Review 1996, no. 64 (January 1, 1996): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1996-64-100.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Asceticism History Middle Ages"

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Loseby, Simon Thomas. "Marseille in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356966.

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Sinclair, Alexandra Frances Jane. "The Beauchamp earls of Warwick in the Later Middle Ages." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282304.

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Ensconced as sheriffs of Worcestershire since Norman times, the Beauchamps owed their earidom to a particularly fortunate marriage in the thirteenth century. Thereafter, they, like other magnate families, owed their increasing prosperity to marriage alliance and to royal service, found wanting only when the Crown itself exhibited weakness. Though virtually all the Beauchamp earls belonged to the later middle ages, the chance survival of their records and other factors have dictated that emphasis be laid on their history after 1369 and that, within that period, a personal bias be given to the life of the fifth earl. The balance has been redressed, however, by the discussion of other aspects not confined to the years 1401-39. The fourth earl's disgrace in 1397 marked the nadir of Beauchamp fortunes, a situation reversed by the advent of Henry IV. The beginning of the Lancastrian regime practically coincided with the majority of Earl Richard, who oversaw the recovery and expansion of the family's wealth and influence and prepared the way for their short-lived dukedom. This was extinguished, along with their earldom, on the failure of the male line in 1446. Detailed attention is given to the estate administration and finances of the fourth and fifth earls, who took an interest in such matters. As a result, they probably enjoyed a fairly steady income from land (political loss aside) in the period 1395-1423, and its expenditure reflected their current preoccupations: lawsuits, the purchase of property, the war, and patronage. The Beauchamps dispensed largesse to a numerous following, the subject of a final chapter dealing with the cost and nature of their patronage, the composition and stability of the affinity, and the interaction of the war and peace-time retinues.
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Wines, Andrew Roberts. "The London Charterhouse in the later Middle Ages : an institutional history." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251655.

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Bobrycki, Shane. "The Crowd in the Early Middle Ages, c. 500 – c. 1000." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493291.

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Early medieval Europe is not well known for its crowds, unlike Antiquity or the later Middle Ages. After sixth-century demographic and urban decline, crowds were smaller, less spontaneous, and easier to control than in other periods of European history. This study, the first comprehensive analysis of collective behaviors and representations in Europe from c. 500 to c. 1000, argues that crowd-scarce early medieval societies nevertheless organized their institutions around the behavior of crowds. Assemblies, festivals, fairs, and the church’s invisible multitude of saints ensured that collective behavior remained central to early medieval public life. Under the impact of Christian values and new physical realities, elites abandoned old prejudices against mobs and rabbles while embracing the crowd’s legitimacy, with enduring results for later medieval political and religious life. In chapter 1, archaeological and demographic evidence reveal how early medieval gatherings co-opted seasonal agglomerations such as markets, harvests, and festivals. Early medieval gatherings depended on the temporary accumulation of populations, and so became less spontaneous than their Roman antecedents. Chapter 2 draws on the sociology of crowds and on written and archaeological sources to trace the decline of late antique crowd spaces (the old circuses, theaters, baths, and colonnades of Roman cities). It shows why and where early medieval elites developed new, medieval gatherings, such as royal and church assemblies, hunts, armies and war-bands, and political ceremonies. In chapter 3, the semantic history of collectivity in early medieval Latin and vernacular writings demonstrates how technical and connotative distinctions in ancient words for crowds became attenuated in the face of new concepts. The same word that had meant “a dangerous rabble” in the first century could be used to describe a sacred gathering of monks in the ninth century. Chapter 4 studies patterns to which crowds conformed in the imaginations revealed by written sources: clichés and type-scenes which repeated themselves in saints’ lives, histories, liturgy, and poems. Many of these literary devices reinforced links between crowds and legitimacy. Nevertheless, the chapter ends with counter-examples, in which elites expressed anxieties about crowds using new, gendered polemics. Chapter 5 investigates rituals and their representations, like royal assemblies and liturgical rites, which arose at the intersection of early medieval material horizons for physical assembly and early medieval mentalities. It argues that the role of crowds in early medieval ritual gatherings, and their representation in visual media, endured in subsequent medieval political, religious, and legal institutions. It concludes by showing how eleventh-century demographic and urban expansion sparked a new crowd regime, which departed but also arose from the concepts and practices shaped in the first half-millennium of the Middle Ages.
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Dick, Bryan. "Framing 'Piracy' : restitution at sea in the later Middle Ages." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2244/.

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The focus of the thesis is the diplomatic and legal implications of the capture of ships at sea in the later Middle Ages. It challenges key assumptions in much secondary literature concerning the definition of piracy, seeking to explore several major themes relating to the legal status of shipping in periods of war or diplomatic tension in this period. The thesis draws primarily on diplomatic, legal and administrative records, largely those of English royal government, but also makes use of material relating to France, Holland and Zealand, Flanders and the Hanse. The majority of studies on this subject stress the importance of developments which occurred in the fifteenth century, yet I have found it necessary to follow the development of the law of prize, diplomatic provisions for the keeping of the sea and the use of devolved sea-keeping fleets back to the start of the thirteenth century. This thesis questions the tendency of historians to attach the term ‘piracy’, with its modern legal connotations, to a variety of actions at sea in the later Middle Ages. In the absence of a clear legislative or semantic framework a close examination of the complexity of practice surrounding the judgement of prize, the provision of restitution to injured parties, and diplomatic mechanisms designed to prevent disorder at sea, enables a more rounded picture to emerge. A detailed examination of individual cases is set within the broader conceptual framework of international, commercial and maritime law. Chapter 1 provides a study of the wartime role of devolved flees by means of a case study of Henry III’s Poitou campaigns of 1242-3. It demonstrates that private commissioned ships undertook a variety of naval roles including the transport of troops, patrolling the coast and enforcing blockades. Further, it argues that it is anachronistic to criticise private shipowners for seeking profit through attacks on enemy shipping as booty was an integral incentive in all forms of medieval warfare. Chapter 2 provides a detailed examination of the application of letters of marque, one of the principal means of obtaining redress for injuries suffered at the hands of the subject of a foreign sovereign. It demonstrates that far from being a justification for ‘piracy’ letters of marque were highly regulated legal instruments applied in the context of an internationally accepted body of customs. Chapter 3 examines the concept of neutrality and the relationship between warfare and commerce through a study of Anglo-Flemish relations during the Anglo-Scottish wars between 1305 and 1323. It argues that universal standards of neutrality did not exist in this period and that decisions on prize took place within the context of an ever-changing diplomatic background. Chapter 4 focuses on the provision of restitution once judgement had been made through an examination of a complex dispute between English merchants and the count of Hainault, Holland and Zeeland spanning the opening decades of the fourteenth century. It emphasises the ad hoc nature of restitution with a variety of means devised to compensate the injured parties and the difficult and often inconclusive process undergone by litigants against a backdrop of competing interests, both local and national. The thesis concludes that the legal process surrounding the capture of shipping was civil rather than criminal in nature. The plaintiff’s need to obtain restitution was the driving force behind such actions rather than the state’s desire to monopolise the use of violence at sea. The reliance of the English crown on devolved shipping made such a policy fiscally impractical.
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Paxton, Catherine. "The nunneries of London and its environs in the later Middle ages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357382.

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Gorski, Richard. "The fourteenth-century sheriff : English local administration in the late Middle Ages." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4442.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the sheriffs appointed in fourteenth-century England, the period identified by both Stubbs and Maitland as having witnessed the shrievalty's final emasculation. This thesis is not a continuation of Morris' work on the sheriff, and neither is it directly concerned with the shrievalty's role in English constitutional history. Morris was a historian of administration rather than administrators. He excelled at unravelling the minutiae of procedure and the day-today routine of shire affairs. It is, of course, impossible to divorce officials from their work. Sheriffs appointed during the fourteenth century were a direct reflection of what the office entailed and its perceived place in the framework of shire administration: thus, Maitland's 'decline and fall of the sheriff' left the office in the hands of Cam's 'country squire'. However, the emphasis of this thesis is on the sheriff rather than the shrievalty. Sheriffs were a numerically select group, but who were they? Why were they appointed? What qualities, if any, set these men apart from their peers? Prosopography, rather than procedural history, holds the key to these problems and in terms of its methodology this study owes far more to McFarlane than it does to Morris.
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Beiting, Christopher. "The development of the idea of limbo in the Middle Ages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:669bc6d5-edbb-4642-88e6-426600e6ed27.

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The medieval period witnessed many attempts at organization, of both the mundane and sacred spheres. The otherworldy realms of heaven and hell are familiar to the modern reader, as is purgatory, but it was during the middle ages that the existence of another realm, limbo, was posited. This realm had its beginnings in questions of Christology and the extent to which Christian salvation could or could not be extended to non-Christian peoples. Its development was also shaped by questions of infant baptism, and the fate of those infants who died lacking this baptism. By the thirteenth century, it becomes more proper to speak of "the limbos", as the idea of limbo is split into two realms: the limbo of the Fathers (limbus patrum), wherein were placed the notable figures of the Old Testament, and the limbo of children (limbus puerorum). wherein were placed unbaptized infants of the Christian era. This thesis examines the development of the idea of limbo, concentrating primarily on works of speculative theology. It begins with the roots of the idea of limbo to be found in the writings of Augustine of Hippo and in the apocryphal Christian work, the Gospel of Nicodemus. From there, the questions of original sin, divine redemption, and baptism which shape the development of the idea of limbo are examined in the writings of several influential twelfth-century authors, including Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, and Peter Lombard. The earliest uses of the term "limbo" are examined in the works of William of Auvergne and William of Auxerre, and the full theology of limbo is considered in the works of the high scholastic writers Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure. Finally, the thesis concludes with a fusion of theology and art in an examination of the unique depiction of limbo in Dante's Divine Comedy.
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Nevell, Richard. "The archaeology of castle slighting in the Middle Ages." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33181.

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Medieval castle slighting is the phenomenon in which a high-status fortification is demolished in a time of conflict. At its heart are issues about symbolism, the role of castles in medieval society, and the politics of power. Although examples can be found throughout the Middle Ages (1066–1500) in England, Wales and Scotland there has been no systematic study of the archaeology of castle slighting. Understanding castle slighting enhances our view of medieval society and how it responded to power struggles. This study interrogates the archaeological record to establish the nature of castle slighting: establishing how prevalent it was chronologically and geographically; which parts of castles were most likely to be slighted and why this is significant; the effects on the immediate landscape; and the wider role of destruction in medieval society. The contribution of archaeology is especially important as contemporary records give little information about this phenomenon. Using information recovered from excavation and survey allows this thesis to challenge existing narratives about slighting, especially with reference to the civil war between Stephen and Matilda (1139–1154) and the view that slighting was primarily to prevent an enemy from using a fortification. The thesis proposes a new framework for understanding how slighting is represented in the archaeological record and how it might be recognised in the future. Using this methodology, a total of 60 sites were identified. Slighting often coincides with periods of civil war, illustrating the importance of slighting as a tool of social control and the re-assertion of authority in the face of rebellion. Slighting did not necessarily encompass an entire site some parts of the castle – halls and chapels – were typically deliberately excluded from the destruction. There are also examples which fit the old narrative that slighting was used to prevent a fortification falling into enemy hands, but these cases are in the minority and are typically restricted to Scotland during the Scottish Wars of Independence. Given the castle’s role in shaping the landscape – acting as a focus for seigneurial power and precipitating the creation and growth of towns – it is important to understand how slighting effected nearby associated settlements. The evidence suggests that larger towns were able to prosper despite the disruption of slighting while smaller settlements were more likely to decline into obscurity. Importantly towns themselves were very rarely included in the destruction of slighting.
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Fletcher, David Thomas. "The death of Stilicho a study of interpretations /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3171587.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2004.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 8, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-04, Section: A, page: 1460. Chair: Leah Shopkow.
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Books on the topic "Asceticism History Middle Ages"

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The scourge and the Cross: Ascetic mentalities of the later Middle Ages. Paris: Peeters, 2010.

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Schools of asceticism: Ideology and organization in medieval religious communities. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.

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Isaac of Nineveh's ascetical eschatology. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2017.

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1939-, Bachrach Bernard S., ed. The mystic mind: The psychology of medieval mystics and ascetics. London: Routledge, 2005.

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Women's monasticism and medieval society: Nunneries in France and England, 890-1215. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.

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ill, Frenck Hal, ed. Middle Ages. Mahwah, N.J: Troll Associates, 1985.

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1968-, Galens Judy, ed. Middle ages. Detroit: UXL, 2001.

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1968-, Galens Judy, and U.-X.-L. (Firm), eds. Middle ages. Detroit: U.X.L, 2001.

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The Middle Ages. San Rafael, CA: Dawn Chorus, 2008.

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Brocklehurst, Ruth. The Middle Ages. London: Usborne, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Asceticism History Middle Ages"

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Vehlow, Katja. "Middle Ages." In The Routledge Companion to Jewish History and Historiography, 144–54. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, [2019]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429458927-12.

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Crone, Robert A. "The Middle Ages." In A History of Color, 17–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0870-9_2.

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Blamires, Harry. "The Middle Ages." In A History of Literary Criticism, 25–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21495-2_2.

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Fubini, Enrico. "The Middle Ages." In The History of Music Aesthetics, 79–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09689-3_5.

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Serafini, Anthony. "The Middle Ages." In The Epic History of Biology, 55–58. New York, NY: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6327-7_5.

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de Moulin, Daniel. "The Middle Ages." In A Short History of Breast Cancer, 10–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1059-1_2.

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Black, Jeremy. "The Middle Ages." In A History of the British Isles, 27–86. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24974-9_3.

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Black, Jeremy. "The Middle Ages." In A History of the British Isles, 39–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-13125-6_3.

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Black, Jeremy. "The Middle Ages." In A History of the British Isles, 27–86. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26006-5_3.

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Black, Jeremy. "The Middle Ages." In A History of the British Isles, 36–93. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57363-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Asceticism History Middle Ages"

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Sardelić, Mirko. "Images of Eurasian Nomads in European Cultural Imaginary in the Middle Ages." In 7thInternational Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2019.53.265-279.

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Myts, Victor, and Sergey Solovyev. "Population of the Taman Peninsula in the Middle Ages (materials from excavations of 2016)." In Field session of the Institute for History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-11-3-2018-8-97-122.

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Polgár, Szabolcs József. "The Character of the Trade between the Nomads and their Settled Neighbours in Eurasia in the Middle Ages." In 7thInternational Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2019.53.253-263.

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Kurbatov, Alexander. "Wooden footwear lasts in early mediaeval Ladoga and the use of last in the Middle Ages." In Field session of the Institute for History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-11-3-2018-8-219-236.

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А.В., Ефремов,. "The history of the Early Middle Ages of the Central Asian states (India, Iran) in Russian school textbooks." In Современное образование: векторы развития. Социально-гуманитарное знание и общество: материалы VII конференции с международным участием, посвященной 150-летию МПГУ (г. Москва, МПГУ, 21–22 апреля 2022 г.). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2022.15.39.046.

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Батшев, Максим, and Светлана Трифонова. "Любек и Россия: семь веков взаимоотношений." In Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/005.

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The history of relations between Lubeck and Russia goes back to the Middle Ages. At that time, the main partner of Lubeck was Novgorod. After Novgorod became part of the Moscow state, the city tried to build relations with the tsars. In the XVIII–XIX centuries, the city became an important partner in the difficult Russian-German relations of that period.
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Cartelli, Antonio, Luisa Miglio, and Marco Palma. "New Technologies and New Paradigms in Historical Research." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2417.

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After a short introduction on media evolution and their implications on human history the paper presents the results of two experiences held by the authors while using new technologies in disseminating bibliographical and historical information. The former experience concerns the Web publication of a bibliography on Beneventan manuscripts and arises from the need of overcoming the long edition times of printed information. It also proposes itself as an online resource for all researchers involved in studies on the South Italian book script in the Middle Ages. The latter one originates from most recent studies on women copyists in the Middle Ages and uses an online database to spread news on this subject. The paper then analyzes analogies and differences between the two experiences and suggests, at last, they can be seen as a source of online information for scholars, thus representing a first step towards the construction of new paradigms of knowledge and research in historical studies.
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ROHRBACH, Wolfgang. "PANDEMIJE I POLITIKA OSIGURANjA KROZ VREME." In MODERNE TEHNOLOGIJE, NOVI I TRADICIONALNI RIZICI U OSIGURANjU. Association for Insurance Law of Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxsav21.132r.

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Th e corona pandemic is incredible and, allegedly, a new phenomenon for many Europeans. Th at is why few people know the history of European pandemics. Th e lack of interest (disinterest) in historical development is due to the misconception of many experts. Preventive care and advances in medicine and technology always require only “looking ahead”. Th is (future-oriented) advanced way of thinking and acting meant that any disease that has epidemic proportions can, in the shortest possible time, be “defeated”. However, history shows that in Europe, from the Middle Ages until today, not a century has passed without epidemics or pandemics, and that signifi cant lessons and conclusions for the future could be drawn from any such crisis. Since the 18th century, development has tended more and more towards an insurance-oriented health and social policy, which in the 19th century was called insurance policy. By combining traditional experience with new or modifi ed concepts based on the principle of “preserving tradition, shaping the future”, the insurance industry can adapt to the new requirements of health and social policy, even in a crisis caused by the coronavirus. In this case, there is digitization, with the help of which it is possible to network with new studies and data, in order to improve quality.
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Бобринский, А. А. "Mechanisms of New Vessels’ Shapes Incorporation and Adaptation (From the book published in 1999)." In ФОРМЫ ГЛИНЯНЫХ СОСУДОВ КАК ОБЪЕКТ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ. Crossref, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-254-4.60-62.

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This short text is devoted to presentation of preliminary results of the fundamental experiment carried out by A.A. Bobrinsky in the 1970s and the 1980s on the basis of traditional pottery trade. Altogether about 40 master potters of different ages and of different skill levels took part in this experiment in different years. The experiment consisted in artificial modeling of the situation that occurred permanently in the history of pottery. We mean cases when a potter produces vessel forms that are new for him and due to specific historical reasons became “fashionable” (or sought after) in a particular society. In the experiment course it was found out that a potter who performs such task experience a disruption of traditional system of physical efforts application a potter had developed in the course of long production of traditional (customary) vessel forms range. The disruption’s result is emergence of so called “hybrid” vessel forms that were widely spread in various historical epochs, from the Neolithic Age to the late Middle Age. These “hybrid” forms co-existed with traditional vessel forms. The discovered regularities widen considerably contemporary opportunities to study these phenomena on archeological pottery.
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Serafini, Lucia. "Castelli e borghi fortificati nell’Appennino centrale d’Italia. Storia e conservazione." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11364.

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Castles and fortified villages in the central Apennines of Italy. History and conservationThe areas of the central Apennines of Italy constitute a particularly interesting research laboratory with its perched towns and its castles. Here there is a close link between the quantity of fortifications and the prevailing mountainous terrain. This has fixed in the history of the places a condition of correspondence that acts as a counterpoint to all its culture, from the economy to the costumes to the forms of the settlement. The inhabited centers also managed to guard the territory, like the numerous castles built during the Middle Ages close to rocky and harsh slopes. This because they are located in places that due to the altitude were naturally fortified, but which at supplement were enhanced with closed and compact building fabrics. The fortified villages have often elicited, with their walled houses and the steep and narrow streets, the representations of travelers-artists from the nineteenth century like the Dutchman Maurits Cornelis Escher. The purpose of this contribution is to draw attention to the reality of an architectural heritage that goes beyond the isolated episode of the feudal castle to create a network with natural and anthropic contexts of wider horizon. These are today subject to severe loss of identity due to the marginal position they often find themselves in and also to the action of the many earthquakes that have raged over time.
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Reports on the topic "Asceticism History Middle Ages"

1

Pérez Zambrano, Luis Manuel. Connections with the Past: Middle Ages in Colombian History Journals. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2017.11.04.

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Piercey, S. J., and J. L. Pilote. Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry and lithogeochemistry of the Rambler Rhyolite, Ming VMS deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland: evidence for slab melting and implications for VMS localization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328988.

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New high precision lithogeochemistry and Nd and Hf isotopic data were collected on felsic rocks of the Rambler Rhyolite formation from the Ming volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. The Rambler Rhyolite formation consists of intermediate to felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with U-shaped primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns with negative Nb anomalies, light rare earth element-enrichment (high La/Sm), and distinctively positive Zr and Hf anomalies relative to surrounding middle rare earth elements (high Zr-Hf/Sm). The Rambler Rhyolite samples have epsilon-Ndt = -2.5 to -1.1 and epsilon-Hft = +3.6 to +6.6; depleted mantle model ages are TDM(Nd) = 1.3-1.5 Ga and TDM(Hf) = 0.9-1.1Ga. The decoupling of the Nd and Hf isotopic data is reflected in epsilon-Hft isotopic data that lies above the mantle array in epsilon-Ndt -epsilon-Hft space with positive ?epsilon-Hft values (+2.3 to +6.2). These Hf-Nd isotopic attributes, and high Zr-Hf/Sm and U-shaped trace element patterns, are consistent with these rocks having formed as slab melts, consistent with previous studies. The association of these slab melt rocks with Au-bearing VMS mineralization, and their FI-FII trace element signatures that are similar to rhyolites in Au-rich VMS deposits in other belts (e.g., Abitibi), suggests that assuming that FI-FII felsic rocks are less prospective is invalid and highlights the importance of having an integrated, full understanding of the tectono-magmatic history of a given belt before assigning whether or not it is prospective for VMS mineralization.
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