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1
Buzanskas, M. E., R. P. Savegnago, D. A. Grossi, G. C. Venturini, S. A. Queiroz, L. O. C. Silva, R. A. A. Torres Júnior, D. P. Munari, and M. M. Alencar. "Genetic parameter estimates and principal component analysis of breeding values of reproduction and growth traits in female Canchim cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 5 (2013): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12132.
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Phenotypic data from female Canchim beef cattle were used to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for reproduction and growth traits using a linear animal mixed model. In addition, relationships among animal estimated breeding values (EBVs) for these traits were explored using principal component analysis. The traits studied in female Canchim cattle were age at first calving (AFC), age at second calving (ASC), calving interval (CI), and bodyweight at 420 days of age (BW420). The heritability estimates for AFC, ASC, CI and BW420 were 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.07 ± 0.01, 0.06 ± 0.02, and 0.24 ± 0.02, respectively. The genetic correlations for AFC with ASC, AFC with CI, AFC with BW420, ASC with CI, ASC with BW420, and CI with BW420 were 0.87 ± 0.07, 0.23 ± 0.02, –0.15 ± 0.01, 0.67 ± 0.13, –0.07 ± 0.13, and 0.02 ± 0.14, respectively. Standardised EBVs for AFC, ASC and CI exhibited a high association with the first principal component, whereas the standardised EBV for BW420 was closely associated with the second principal component. The heritability estimates for AFC, ASC and CI suggest that these traits would respond slowly to selection. However, selection response could be enhanced by constructing selection indices based on the principal components.
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BOSILEVAC, JOSEPH M., STEVEN D. SHACKELFORD, RICK FAHLE, TIMOTHY BIELA, and MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE. "Decreased Dosage of Acidified Sodium Chlorite Reduces Microbial Contamination and Maintains Organoleptic Qualities of Ground Beef Products†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2248.
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Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) spray was evaluated at decreased dosages and application rates to determine its efficacy for reducing bacterial contamination on boneless beef trimmings used for production of raw ground beef products while maintaining desirable consumer qualities in the finished ground beef products. Two different applications of ASC (600 ppm applied at a rate of 1.3 oz/lb and 300 ppm applied at a rate of 1 oz/lb) were used to treat boneless beef trimmings before grinding. The effect of ASC treatment on 50/50 lean beef trimmings was greater than on 90/10 trimmings. ASC at 600 ppm reduced both the aerobic plate counts (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC) by 2.3 log CFU/g on 50/50 trimmings, whereas treatment with 300 ppm ASC reduced APC and EBC of 50/50 trimmings by 1.1 and 0.7 log CFU/g, respectively. Ground beef formulations of 90/10 and 73/27 were produced from the treated boneless beef trim and packaged in chubs and in modified atmosphere packaging. The efficacy of ASC spray treatment to inhibit APC and EBC over the shelf life of each ground beef product was monitored. The APC and EBC in ground beef chubs were reduced by 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU/g until day 20. The APC and EBC for products in modified atmosphere packaging were reduced 1.5 to 3.0 log CFU/g throughout their shelf life. Both decreased dosages of ASC were equally effective on 90/10 lean ground beef, but the 300 ppm ASC treatment was slightly better at reducing the EBC of 73/27 ground beef. The organoleptic qualities (color, odor, and taste) of the ground beef products treated with 300 ppm ASC were found to be superior to those treated with 600 ppm ASC. Our results indicated that decreased dosages of ASC reduce contamination and lengthen the shelf life of ground beef. Furthermore, the 300 ppm ASC treatment reduced bacterial counts while maintaining desirable organoleptic ground beef qualities.
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Lamarca, Angela, Daniel H. Palmer, Harpreet Singh Wasan, Paul J. Ross, Yuk Ting Ma, Arvind Arora, Stephen Falk, et al. "ABC-06 | A randomised phase III, multi-centre, open-label study of active symptom control (ASC) alone or ASC with oxaliplatin / 5-FU chemotherapy (ASC+mFOLFOX) for patients (pts) with locally advanced / metastatic biliary tract cancers (ABC) previously-treated with cisplatin/gemcitabine (CisGem) chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.4003.
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4003 Background: Level A evidence supports use of CisGem as first-line chemotherapy for ABC; no robust evidence is available for second-line chemotherapy. Methods: Pts diagnosed with ABC with disease progression after prior CisGem were randomised (1:1) to either ASC+mFOLFOX or ASC. Randomisation was stratified by serum albumin levels ( < 35 vs ≥35 g/L), platinum sensitivity (determined from first-line CisGem) and disease extent (locally advanced vs metastatic). Pts with ECOG PS0-1, adequate haematological, renal and liver function, and adequate biliary drainage were eligible. Primary end-point was overall survival (OS) (multivariable Cox regression adjusted for stratification factors); sample size: 162 pts delivering 148 events were required (80% power; 5% two-sided alpha) for a hypothesised hazard ratio (HR) of 0.63. Assumed median survival for ASC was 4 months. Results: 162 pts (81 in each arm) were randomised (27 March ‘14 - 04 Jan ‘18); median age 65 yrs (range 26-84); sex: 80 (49%) male, 82 (51%) female; primary site: intrahepatic 72 (44%), extrahepatic 45 (28%), gallbladder 34 (21%) and ampullary 11 (7%). Baseline characteristics were balanced between arms except platinum sensitivity (ASC+mFOLFOX 27 pts (33%); ASC 34 pts (42%)). After 150 OS events, the adjusted HR was 0.69 (95% CI 0.50-0.97; p = 0.031; ASC+mFOLFOX vs ASC). Median OS (months (m)), 6m and 12m OS-rate (%) were 6.2m, 50.6% and 25.9% for the ASC+mFOLFOX and 5.3m, 35.5%, 11.4% for the ASC arm, respectively. Grade 3/4 toxicities were reported in 48 (59%) and 32 (39%) pts in the ASC+mFOLFOX and ASC arm, respectively; these were balanced between arms except for fatigue and neutropenia (more frequent in ASC+mFOLFOX arm); data cleaning is ongoing. No chemotherapy-related deaths were reported. Conclusion: Survival with ASC was greater than assumed; ASC+mFOLFOX improved OS after progression to CisGem with a clinically meaningful increase in 6m and 12m OS rate. ASC+mFOLFOX should become standard of care in second-line for ABC. Clinical trial information: NCT01926236.
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Ivchenko, V. O., N. C. Wells, D. L. Aleynik, and A. G. P. Shaw. "Variability of heat and salinity content in the North Atlantic in the last decade." Ocean Science Discussions 6, no. 3 (September 4, 2009): 1971–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-1971-2009.
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Abstract. The analysis of the heat and salinity contents have been made for the Northern Atlantic for the decade between January 1999 and December 2008. This analysis is based on the Argo profiling data for the upper 2000 m. Basin-averaged values of anomaly of heat (AHC) and anomaly of salinity content (ASC) are robust and stable. The AHC and ASC demonstrate positive trends in the last decade in the upper 2000 m of the North Atlantic. The linear trend of AHC and ASC are (126.43±18.52)×1020 J, and (47.07±6.90)×1013 kg, respectively. Both trends are significant at 95% level of significance. The main contribution to the positive trend of AHC/ASC comes from the northern parts of the basin.
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Bresolin, Tiago, Dionéia Magda Everling, Camila Urbano Braz, Fernanda Cristina Breda, and Paulo Roberto Nogara Rorato. "COMPONENTS OF (CO)VARIANCE FOR AGE AT FIRST AND SECOND CALVING OF NELLORE FEMALES RAISED IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL." Ciência Animal Brasileira 16, no. 4 (December 2015): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v16i428131.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, genetic correlation and estimated breeding values for age at first (AFC) and second calving (ASC) for Nellore females raised in Southern Brazil. The (co)variance and estimated breeding values were obtained using Bayesian inference in a bivariate analysis, adopting an animal model. The average ages were 49.30 and 69.85 months, and the heritabilities were 0.25 and 0.26, respectively for AFC and ASC. The genetic correlation between AFC and ASC was 0.88. The correlation between the classifications of sires according to their estimated breeding values was 0.93. The heritability estimates for AFC and ASC suggest the possibility of obtaining genetic gain by selection. The correlation between these traits close to one indicates that they are virtually controlled by the same genes, and the selection for one of them will promote correlated advanced gain for the other.
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Komatsu, Hiroaki, Tetsuro Oishi, Daiken Osaku, Mayumi Sawada, Akiko Kudoh, Michiko Nonaka, Jun Chikumi, Shinya Sato, and Tasuku Harada. "Significance of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing for Atypical Glandular Cells on Cervical Cytology." Acta Cytologica 62, no. 5-6 (2018): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490230.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing for managing women with atypical glandular cells (AGC) and to explore the distribution of hrHPV genotypes. Methods: We analyzed cytologic and histopathologic diagnoses in patients referred to our institution due to AGC or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). All patients underwent hrHPV testing and genotyping, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse [CIN2+/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)+] were calculated. Results: Among 41 cases previously diagnosed with AGC, 22 (53%) were classified as CIN2+ (2 squamous cell carcinomas), whereas only 2 were AIS or adenocarcinoma. Twenty-seven (65.8%) cases in the AGC group were hrHPV positive. The most frequent genotypes in both the ASC-US and AGC groups were HPV16 and HPV52. The PPV of hrHPV testing for CIN2+/AIS+ was significantly higher in the AGC than in the ASC-US group (74.1 vs. 35.0%; p = 0.0005). The NPV for CIN2+/AIS+ was significantly lower in the AGC than in the ASC-US group (74.4 vs. 100%; p = 0.0441). Conclusion: In patients with AGC, both glandular and squamous lesions must be monitored. hrHPV testing is useful for detecting CIN2+/AIS+ in AGC.
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Rekhi, Bharat, Dulhan Ajit, Santhosh K. Joseph, Sonali Gawas, and Kedar K. Deodhar. "Evaluation of atypical squamous cells on conventional cytology smears: An experience from a screening program practiced in limited resource settings." CytoJournal 7 (August 5, 2010): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.67110.
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Background: The Bethesda system (TBS) 2001 has subdivided the category of atypical squamous cells (ASC) into: ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)). The present study is an analysis of ASC-US and ASC-H cases diagnosed in a screening program practiced in limited resource settings. Methods: During the period January 2005 to December 2008, a total of 9190 smears were received, of which 568 were unsatisfactory. Cases initially diagnosed as ASC-US (n=74) and ASC-H (n=29) on conventional cytology smears were reviewed. Biopsy and human papilloma virus (HPV) results were available in limited cases. Results: On review, diagnosis of ASC-US was retained in 49 (66.2%) of the 74 initially diagnosed ASC-US cases. Remaining 12 cases were re-labeled as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), nine as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), three as ASC-H and one case as squamous carcinoma (SCC). Similarly, on review, diagnosis of ASC-H cases was retained in 17 of the 29 initially diagnosed ASC-H cases. Seven cases were re-labeled as NILM, three as HSIL and one case each as ASC-US and SCC. Overall, 8622 cases (96.6%) were diagnosed as NILM, 72 (0.83%) as LSIL, 121 (1.40%) as HSIL, 23 (0.26%) as SCC, 50 (0.57%) as ASC-US cases, 20 (0.23%) as ASC-H, five (0.05%) as atypical glandular cells (AGC) and two cases as adenocarcinomas. Out of 50 ASC-US cases, biopsy in 23 cases showed presence of CIN 1 in 16 cases (69.5%) and CIN 2 in one case (4.34%), while the remaining six cases were negative for CIN/malignancy. The remaining 20 cases with unavailable biopsy results were HPV-positive. Out of 20 ASC-H cases, biopsy in 15 revealed CIN 2 and above in 11 cases (73.3%). Three cases (20%) revealed CIN 1. Conclusions: Critical review is helpful in further reducing the number of ASC cases. The percentage of cases with CIN 2 and above is higher with ASC-H cases. The reason for relative increase in HSILs in the present study included referral bias in the screening program.
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Antoniou, I., and S. A. Shkarin. "Decay spectrum and decay subspace of normal operators." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 131, no. 6 (December 2001): 1245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500001372.
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Let A be a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space. It is well known that A admits a unique decomposition into a direct sum of three self-adjoint operators Ap, Aac and Asc such that there exists an orthonormal basis of eigenvectors for the operator Ap, the operator Aac has purely absolutely continuous spectrum and the operator Asc has purely singular continuous spectrum. We show the existence of a natural further decomposition of the singular continuous component Asc into a direct sum of two self-adjoint operators and . The corresponding subspaces and spectra are called decaying and purely non-decaying singular subspaces and spectra. Similar decompositions are also shown for unitary operators and for general normal operators.
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Mouabbi, Jason A., Sindhu Janarthanam Malapati, Ahmed Abdalla, Adam Biedny, David Hayward, Susan Szpunar, Tarik H. Hadid, Richard N. Berri, and Zyad Kafri. "A new prognostic model for high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with peritoneal carcinomatosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e16718-e16718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16718.
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e16718 Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis of appendiceal origin (PCAO) is a rare malignancy accounting for less than 1% of all cancers. High-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (HAMN) have a poor prognosis and are often treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS), with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) followed by adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (ASC). Peritoneal cancer index (PCI) and completeness of cytoreduction score (CCR) are useful prognostic tools in patients with PCAO undergoing CRS/HIPEC. However, neither PCI nor CCR take response to ASC into account. Therefore, we propose an enhanced prognostic scoring system (tumor response index, TRI) that incorporates response to ASC as assessed at the completion of treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with PCAO who received care at the Van Elslander Cancer Center between January 2011 until December 2018. All patients with HAMN who underwent CRS/HIPEC followed by ASC were included. TRI was assessed by comparing the patients' performance status, tumor markers and imaging at the completion of ASC to those prior to the initiation of ASC. A competing risk model, Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to estimate correlations between TRI and clinical outcomes (PFS and OS). TRI was also compared to PCI and CCR using the Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC). Results: A total of 84 charts were reviewed. Patients were divided into groups based on their TRI score. The median age was 57 years with 55% females and 85% Caucasians. Approximately 20% of patients had signet-ring features. The most common ASC regimen used was a combination of 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and bevacizumab (65%). The table depicts the median PFS and OS of each TRI group. Lower TRI was associated with significantly better PFS and OS. For all outcomes, AIC was substantially reduced by adding TRI to PCI and CCR, suggesting that TRI is a better predictor of PFS and OS. Conclusions: This study proposes TRI as an effective prognostic tool in patients with PCAO and HAMN after CRS/HIPEC/ASC. [Table: see text]
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Gao, Y., S. Lim, F. Gao, J. Ng, Y. Phoon, C. Tham, R. Quek, and M. Tao. "Analyzing white blood cell subpopulation for quick and simple predictors for autologous stem cell collection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 7101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7101.
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7101 Background: For patients undergoing peripheral stem cell harvesting, the current standard predictor for successful harvest is the peripheral blood (PB)CD34 count, which may have a slow turn-around time. Daily monitoring of CD34 count may not be cost-effective. This study aims to identify simple hematological parameters that can be used to predict for a single day CD 34+ stem cell yield of at least 1 x 10(6)/kg. Methods: 57 patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies who underwent autologous stem cell (ASC) harvesting were studied following DHAP, ICE or ESHAP chemotherapy. Eight main parameters were investigated to predict for a single day CD34 stem cell yield above 1x10(6)/kg: PB CD34+ cells, absolute monocyte count (AMC), AMC ratio, total white count (WBC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), ALC ratio, immature granulocyte count (IMC), IMC ratio and non-neutrophil cells (NNC). NNC was calculated by subtracting absolute neutrophil count from the total white count. The ratios were calculated by dividing the respective values on the first day of harvest with the values on the day before mobilizing chemotherapy started. Results: Linear regression showed a strong correlation between stem cell yield and CD34+ cells (R2=0.79, p<0.001), IMC ratio (R2=0.51, p<0.001) and AMC ratio (R2= 0.46, P<0.001). WBC and AMC showed a wide dispersion of results and were not reliable predictors of CD34 yield. On multivariate analysis, an IMC > 1 (p=0.03) and AMC ratio > 1 (p=0.002), ALC ratio > 1 (p=0.03) were independently predictive of a single day CD34 stem cell yield exceeding 1x10(6)/kgConclusions: Incorporating simple, routine hematolgic indices such as ALC and AMC ratio into a simple formula can be used to predict for ASC collection in addition to CD34+ count. This may be particularly useful when the turn-around-time to attain enumeration of CD34+ cells is slow or delayed on the same day of collection. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ra, Kihae, Hyun Ju Oh, Eun Young Kim, Sung Keun Kang, Jeong Chan Ra, Eui Hyun Kim, Se Chang Park, and Byeong Chun Lee. "Comparison of Anti-Oxidative Effect of Human Adipose- and Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020268.
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Oxidative stress is a major cause of damage to the quantity and quality of embryos produced in vitro. Antioxidants are usually supplemented to protect embryos from the suboptimal in vitro culture (IVC) environment. Amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) have emerged as a promising regenerative therapy, and their paracrine factors with anti-oxidative effects are present in AMSC conditioned medium (CM). We examined the anti-oxidative potential of human AMSC-CM treatment during IVC on mouse preimplantation embryo development and antioxidant gene expression in the forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway. AMSC-CM (10%) was optimal for overall preimplantation embryo developmental processes and upregulated the expression of FoxOs and their downstream antioxidants in blastocysts (BL). Subsequently, compared to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC)-CM, AMSC-CM enhanced antioxidant gene expression and intracellular GSH levels in the BL. Total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity were greater in AMSC-CM than in ASC-CM. Furthermore, SOD and catalase were more active in culture medium supplemented with AMSC-CM than in ASC-CM. Lastly, the anti-apoptotic effect of AMSC-CM was observed with the regulation of apoptosis-related genes and mitochondrial membrane potential in BL. In conclusion, the present study established AMSC-CM treatment at an optimal concentration as a novel antioxidant intervention for assisted reproduction.
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Cocco, Mario, Matthew A. Care, Amel Saadi, Muna Al-Maskari, Gina Doody, and Reuben Tooze. "A dichotomy of gene regulatory associations during the activated B-cell to plasmablast transition." Life Science Alliance 3, no. 10 (August 25, 2020): e202000654. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000654.
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The activated B-cell (ABC) to plasmablast transition encompasses the cusp of antibody-secreting cell (ASC) differentiation. We explore this transition with integrated analysis in human cells, focusing on changes that follow removal from CD40-mediated signals. Within hours of input signal loss, cell growth programs shift toward enhanced proliferation, accompanied by ER-stress response, and up-regulation of ASC features. Clustering of genomic occupancy for IRF4, BLIMP1, XBP1, and CTCF with histone marks identifies a dichotomy: XBP1 and IRF4 link to induced but not repressed gene modules in plasmablasts, whereas BLIMP1 links to modules of ABC genes that are repressed, but not to activated genes. Between ABC and plasmablast states, IRF4 shifts away from AP1/IRF composite elements while maintaining occupancy at IRF and ETS/IRF elements. This parallels the loss of BATF expression, which is identified as a potential BLIMP1 target. In plasmablasts, IRF4 acquires an association with CTCF, a feature maintained in plasma cell myeloma lines. Thus, shifting occupancy links IRF4 to both ABC and ASC gene expression, whereas BLIMP1 occupancy links to repression of the activation state.
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Liu, Yong-Mei, Xueming Xia, Wei Du, Yan Zhang, Jianlin Xu, You-Ling Gong, Yong Xu, et al. "How sensitive are epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor for lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma harboring EGFR mutation? A bicenter research and pooled analysis of published reports." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e20571-e20571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e20571.
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e20571 Background: Lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer. Little is known about the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for lung ASC with EGFR mutation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients with advanced or recurrent lung ASC harboring EGFR mutation who were treated with EGFR-TKI from two cancer centers to investigate the efficacy. Then a pooled analysis on the efficacy of EGFR-TKI was performed in 74 patients including 30 patients selected from 11 published reports. Results: In our bicenter research, for the ASC patients treated with EGFR-TKI, the objective response rate (ORR), the disease control rate (DCR), the median progression free survival (mPFS) and the median overall survival (mOS) were 54.5%, 79.5%, 8.8 months and 19.43 months, respectively. In pooled analysis, the ORR, DCR, mPFS and mOS of ASC patients were 63.4%, 85.9%, 10.00 months and 21.37 months, respectively. Similar PFS (11.0 vs. 10.0 months; P= 0.771) and OS (23.67 vs. 20.33 months; P= 0.973) were found in patients with deletion in exon 19 and exon 21 L858R mutation. The patients treated with erlotinib or gefitinib had a trend of better OS than those treated with icotinib. Conclusions: EGFR-TKI is an effective treatment for ASC harboring EGFR mutation, comparing with historical data, similar to EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma (ADC). Further study is needed to identify the different role of the two components of ASC in EGFR treatment.
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FAN, XUETONG, BASSAM A. ANNOUS, LINDSEY A. KESKINEN, and JAMES P. MATTHEIS. "Use of Chemical Sanitizers To Reduce Microbial Populations and Maintain Quality of Whole and Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe†." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 2453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.12.2453.
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Whole cantaloupes either not inoculated or inoculated with Salmonella Poona were submerged in water, 180 ppm of chlorine, acidified calcium sulfate (ACS: 1.2% Safe2O-ACS50), 1,000 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), 80 ppm of peroxyacetic acid (PAA), and a combination of ACS and PAA for 10 min. Although only ASC and the combination of ACS and PAA significantly reduced the aerobic plate count of samples taken from the surface of whole cantaloupe (compared with samples taken from cantaloupe submerged in water only), all treatments reduced yeast and mold counts on the whole cantaloupe. However, none of the treatments of whole cantaloupes consistently reduced yeast and mold counts for the samples of fresh-cut cantaloupes. The aerobic plate counts for fresh-cut cantaloupe were reduced by 1 to 2 log CFU/g by sanitization of whole fruit with ASC, ACS, and the combination of ACS and PAA. The low bacterial population on the fresh-cut fruit was maintained during 14 days of storage at 4°C. All treatments had a limited effect on the population of Salmonella, achieving no more than a 1.5-log reduction of the pathogen inoculated on the surface of the whole cantaloupes. Salmonella was nondetectable via direct plating (with a detection limit of 0.4 log CFU/g) in fresh-cut cantaloupes prepared from whole cantaloupes treated with any of the sanitizers. However, after enrichment, Salmonella often was detectable. Color, texture, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid, and drip loss of cut cantaloupes were not consistently affected by any of the whole-fruit treatments. Overall, treatments of whole cantaloupe with ASC, ACS, and the combination of ACS and PAA at the concentrations tested permitted a significant reduction in Salmonella and native microflora of whole and cut fruit; however, Salmonella still could be found in cut cantaloupes from all treatments.
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Wu, Yong Gen, Liang Cai Cai, and Ya Wei Fu. "Durability of Green High Performance Alkali-Activated Slag Pavement Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.158.
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Green high performance alkali-activated slag pavement concrete(ASC) was prepared by adding Na2SiO3 and NaOH complex activator in slag. Physical, mechanical performance and durability of ASC were studied by workability, strength, hydrostatics and chlorin ion penetrability, fast freeze-thaw cycle tests and abrasion resistance tests. The results show that slump of ASC exceeds 160mm, fluidity and workability is excellent. 28d compressive and flexural trength of AAC are 91.9MPa and 8.5MPa, 7d compressive and flexural strength are 84.8MPa and 7.6MPa, which belongs to high–early strenth concrete. And its impermeability rank exceeds S40, chlorin ion impermeability is excellent, 6h eletricity is 1751～1894 coulomb, and its anti-frozen rank exceeds F300, which can meet the anti-frozen requirements in frore area. Depth of abrade slot is 0.45～0.96mm, abrasion resistance of ASC is 4.99, so its physical, mechanical performance and durability are superior to traditional portland concrete.
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Allen, John R., Caroline P. Hoch, Christopher E. Gross, and Daniel J. Scott. "Cost Efficiency of Ankle Fracture ORIF at an Ambulatory Surgical Center vs Hospital." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00552.
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Category: Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Ankle fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic surgeries, which can be performed at a variety of surgical locations. However, there is very little data exploring the cost and efficiency of ankle fracture ORIF in different operative settings. Time-Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) is a novel accounting method used to accurately assign costs for various procedures by creating a process map of all personnel interactions as a patient moves through a care event. Further, it has been shown to more accurately allocate costs, as compared to traditional accounting systems. Our purpose is to evaluate cost and efficiency differences in ankle fracture ORIF at an outpatient ambulatory surgery center (ASC) versus a hospital setting. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed at a single academic medical center involving four orthopaedic surgeons. Patients were enrolled with uni-, bi-, or tri-malleolar displaced ankle fractures undergoing ORIF. According to TD-ABC methodology, a process map was created for each peri-operative platform and hand-timed data was collected at each location (ASC=5, hospital=5) by a single observer. In addition, retrospective cost data was obtained from 181 surgical cases using our institution's existing cost accounting system (ASC=34, hospital=147). Average event times and care costs were calculated for both locations, and a process map outlining the steps of care was created for each surgical site, according to TDABC methodology. Data were analyzed to investigate the effects of surgical site on labor cost, efficiency, and provider time. Results: Overall, total direct cost was similar between locations (ASC=$10,837.43, hospital=$9,377.80; p=.114), although there were significantly higher direct costs in the hospital: perioperative/anesthesia (ASC=$2,532.61, hospital=$4,594.20; p<.001), pharmacy (ASC=$112.18, hospital=$349.74; p<.001), radiology (ASC=$17.67, hospital=$227.98; p<.001), and therapy (ASC=$28.23, hospital=$130.91; p<.001). However, medical supply costs, including implant costs, were significantly higher at the ASC (ASC=$7,835.14, hospital=$2,459.60; p<.001). Preoperatively, nurse assessment of the patient was significantly quicker in the hospital (ASC=14.65 min, hospital=5.10 min; p=.030), while patient transport to the operating room was significantly quicker in the ASC (ASC=1.20 min, hospital=2.60 min; p=.014). Case duration was significantly longer in the ASC (ASC=138.60 min, hospital=56.60 min; p=.005), which may have been influenced by case complexity, as there were more tri-malleolar fractures (n=2) and concomitate ankle arthroscopies (n=3) in that cohort. Conclusion: Overall, direct costs appear to be lower at the ASC than the main hospital, although efficiency of care delivery seems similar. Generally, there were small differences in the care continuum between the main hospital and ASC, though areas where improvement could be obtained include preoperative nurse assessment of the patient and efficacy of regional nerve block administration. Going forward, larger studies will be needed to further investigate these results.
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Brahimi, Faiza, Baya Madani, and Messaouda Ghemmadi. "Comparative Thermodynamic Environmental and Economic Analyses of Combined Cycles Using Air and Supercritical CO2 in the Bottoming Cycles for Power Generation by Gas Turbine Waste Heat Recovery." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 9066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239066.
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This study aims to improve existing fossil gas turbine power plants by waste heat recovery. These power plants function with an air simple cycle (ASC) and are implemented where water resources are limited. Modeling and simulation of ASC and two advanced energy conversion systems are performed. They are the gas turbine–air bottoming cycle (GT-ABC) and gas turbine–supercritical carbon dioxide bottoming cycle (GT-sc-CO2BC). The main intent is to assess the benefits of employing sc-CO2 as a working fluid in a closed Brayton bottoming cycle compared to air, based on the energetic and exergetic performance and economic and environmental impact. Analyses of ASC, GT-ABC, and GT-sc-CO2BC are performed for various topping gas turbine powers: large (plant 1); medium (plant 2); and low (plant 3). The results of the energetic and exergetic analyses indicate that there is a significant improvement in the output power (ranging from 22% to 25%); and energy and exergy efficiencies of GT-ABC and GT-sc-CO2BC (up to 8% and 11%, respectively) compared to that of ASC. To provide better insight into the behavior of these technologies and achieve their better integration, we investigate the influence of varying the bottoming compressor pressure ratio, the ambient temperature, and the gas flow rate in the bottoming cycle. The results of the environmental and economic analyses show that the amount of CO2 emissions in GT-sc-CO2BC is reduced by 10% more than in GT ABC. The results also show that GT-ABC improves the NPV between 17.69% and 30% but GT-sc-CO2BC improves it even more, between 25.79% and 33.30%.
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Waterland, Amos, Elaine Angelino, Ryan P. Adams, Jonathan Appavoo, and Margo Seltzer. "ASC." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 49, no. 4 (April 5, 2014): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2644865.2541985.
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Waterland, Amos, Elaine Angelino, Ryan P. Adams, Jonathan Appavoo, and Margo Seltzer. "ASC." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 42, no. 1 (April 5, 2014): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2654822.2541985.
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Zheng, Xiaobin, Gen Lin, Xinlong Zheng, Feng Long, Kan Jiang, and Tony S. K. Mok. "Heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment and real-world analysis of immunotherapy efficacy in lung adenosquamous carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e20546-e20546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e20546.
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e20546 Background: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an uncommon histological subtype. We aimed to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in lung ASC and estimate patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have never been systematically investigated. Methods: In cohort I, we collected 30 ASCs from a single center for analysis of TIME characteristics, including immuno-phenotyping, tumor mutation burden (TMB), T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and immune checkpoint expression. In cohort II, the efficacy of ICI-based therapy were estimated using a real-world data of 46 ASCs from 11 centers. Results: In cohort I, 22 (73.3%) patients were EGFR-positive. The TIME were defined by immune-excluded (60%) and immune-desert phenotype (40%). Strikingly, PD-L1 and PD-1 were predominantly expressed in SCCC versus ACC, where enhanced CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cell and attenuated CD57+ natural killer cell infiltration was present, consistent with a landscape of fewer innate immune cells, more immunosuppressive cells. SCCC had higher TMB, higher TCR clonality, and lower TCR diversity than ACC. In cohort II, majority of 46 patients were driver genes negative and unknown mutation status, 18 (39%) and 18 (39%), respectively. Overall objective response rate of 28%, median progression-free survival of 6.0 months (95% CI 4.3-7.7), and median overall survival of 24.7 months (95% CI 7.2-42.2) were observed in the ICI-based treatment. Conclusions: This work ascertains suppressive TIME in lung ASC and genetic and immuno-heterogeneity between ACC and SCCC. Lung ASC patients have a moderate response to ICI-based immunotherapy.
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Oliveira, Geilson Gomes de, Judite Maria da Silva Costa de Oliveira, Renata Mirian Nunes Eleutério, Rita de Cássia Carvalho Barbosa, Paulo Roberto Carvalho de Almeida, and José Eleutério Jr. "Atypical Squamous Cells: Cytopathological Findings and Correlation with HPV Genotype and Histopathology." Acta Cytologica 62, no. 5-6 (2018): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489386.
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Objective: We aimed to assess potential associations between atypical squamous cell (ASC) subgroups: ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), regarding cytomorphological features, high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and histological outcomes in a sample of Brazilian women. Study Design: Cross-sectional study which evaluated 1,346 liquid-based cytologies between January 2010 and July 2016 with ASC results. ASC-US and ASC-H were analyzed for frequency, diagnostic criteria, and cytological findings and compared with HR-HPV tests and histological outcomes. Results: Enlarged nucleus was the most frequent ASC-US criterion, but alternative criteria were present in 20% of the total cases. No ASC-US criteria were associated with histological outcomes or HR-HPV positivity. Parakeratosis, corneal pearl, giant cells, and binucleation were strongly associated with ASC-US while hyperkeratosis was associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or a superior outcome. HR-HPV was positive in 64.39% of ASC-US and 65.38% of ASC-H. HSIL or superior outcomes also occurred in 13.33% of ASC-US and 64.71% of ASC-H cases. Conclusion: Alternative criteria for ASC-US were relatively frequent. Reactive cellular changes suggestive of atypias were more abundant in ASC-US. Although ASC-H is associated with worse histological outcomes, no differences in HPV positivity were found in comparison to ASC-US.
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Lin, Gen, Chao Li, Pansong Li, Wenzheng Fang, Hai-peng Xu, Xinze Lv, Qian Li, et al. "Immune heterogeneity in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components of lung adenosquamous carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e20523-e20523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e20523.
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e20523 Background: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a relatively uncommon malignancy that comprised of both adenocarcinoma component (ACC) and squamous cell carcinoma component (SCCC). We have reported its genomic profile, evolutionary origin, and clinical management. Information of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of ASC, including tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptors (TCR) repertoire, and PD-L1 status remains scarce. Methods: 28 Surgical ASCs were collected and identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ACC and SCCC were obtained separately by microdissection. Targeted sequencing was performed for the two components using a 1021-gene-panel independently. TMB of ACC and SCCC were independently calculated. TMB of ASC calculation was based on aggregation (removing duplicates) of non-synonymous mutations from both ACC and SCCC. TILs and PD-L1were examined by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). The infiltration level of immune cells in tumor, stroma, and total region (named by both tumor and stroma regions) was investigated. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires were sequenced and clonality and Shannon index were calculated. Results: SCCC (7.2 mutations/Mb) had a higher TMB level than ACC (6.5 muts/Mb), indicating the immunogenic heterogeneity between the different pathological components. The TMB value of ACC and SCCC were modestly proportional (Spearman r = 0.56, p = 0.001), which was related to the clonal origin. SCCC TMB was lower than the archival LUSC (10.1 muts/Mb), and ACC TMB was similar to LUAD (4.3 muts/Mb). The TMB of ASC was higher than LUAD and close to LUSC. The nonidentical TIL level in ACC and SCCC showed infiltration heterogeneity. For tumor region, CD3+ total T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and PD1+ cells accounted for the most proportion of immune cells, with no differences between ACC and SCCC; FOXP3+ CD4+ Treg cells were more abundant in SCCC than ACC ( p = 0.047), as well as CD3+ LAG3+ T cell ( p = 0.029). For stroma region, ACC and SCCC had similar level of CD4+, CD8+, and PD-1 immune cell infiltration; the amount of FOXP3+ CD4 + Treg cells was also higher in SCCC than ACC, as well as CD3+ LAG3+ T cells. For the total region, FOXP3+ CD4 + Treg cells, CD3+ LAG3+ T cells, and PD-1+ T cells were enriched in SCCC compared with ACC, while CD57+ natural killer T (NKT) cells were accumulated with a marginally higher level in ACC ( p = 0.049). TCR repertoires sequencing revealed a lower Shannon’s diversity ( p = 0.029) but higher clonality ( p = 0.047) of SCCC compared with ACC. PD-L1 expression identified by mIHC in SCCC was significantly higher than ACC, in the tumor ( p < 0.001), stroma ( p < 0.001), and total regions ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: SCCC of ASC had higher levels of TMB, Treg cells, TCR clonality, and PD-L1, and similar level of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs, comprehensively reflecting the intratumor heterogeneity of TIME.
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Tóth, Szilvia Z. "The Functions of Chloroplastic Ascorbate in Vascular Plants and Algae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032537.
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Ascorbate (Asc) is a multifunctional metabolite essential for various cellular processes in plants and animals. The best-known property of Asc is to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), in a highly regulated manner. Besides being an effective antioxidant, Asc also acts as a chaperone for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that are involved in the hormone metabolism of plants and the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. Asc also essential for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signaling and iron transport. Thus, Asc affects plant growth, development, and stress resistance via various mechanisms. In this review, the intricate relationship between Asc and photosynthesis in plants and algae is summarized in the following major points: (i) regulation of Asc biosynthesis by light, (ii) interaction between photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport in relation to Asc biosynthesis, (iii) Asc acting as an alternative electron donor of photosystem II, (iv) Asc inactivating the oxygen-evolving complex, (v) the role of Asc in non-photochemical quenching, and (vi) the role of Asc in ROS management in the chloroplast. The review also discusses differences in the regulation of Asc biosynthesis and the effects of Asc on photosynthesis in algae and vascular plants.
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Gong, Jia-Hong, Jiao-Yun Dong, Ting Xie, Qingnan Zhao, and Shu-Liang Lu. "Different therapeutic effects between diabetic and non-diabetic adipose stem cells in diabetic wound healing." Journal of Wound Care 30, Sup4 (April 1, 2021): S14—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2021.30.sup4.s14.
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate how adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) from diabetic and from non-diabetic rats affect wound healing in different microenvironments. Method: The two types of ASC-rich cells were distinguished by characteristic surface antigen detection. The ASC-rich cells were transplanted into the wounds of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Wound healing rates were compared and the healing process in the wound margin sections was used to determine how ASC-rich cells affect wound healing in different microenvironments. Results: ASC density was decreased in diabetic rats. The generation time of ASC-rich cells from diabetic rats (d-ASC-rich cells) was longer than that of ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats. The number of pre-apoptotic cells in the third generation (passage 3) of d-ASC-rich cells was higher than that among the ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats. CD31 and CD34 expression was higher in d-ASC-rich cells than in ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats, whereas CD44 and CD105 expression was lower than that in ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats. Transplantation of ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats promoted wound healing in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. In contrast, d-ASC-rich cells and enriched nuclear cells only promoted wound healing in non-diabetic rats. ASC-rich cell transplantation promoted greater tissue regeneration than d-ASC-rich cell transplantation. Conclusion: ASC-rich cells promoted wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. ASC density was lower in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats compared with non-diabetic rats. d-ASC-rich cells did not promote wound healing in diabetic rats, suggesting that caution is warranted regarding the clinical use of diabetic adipose stem cell transplantation for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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VELIER, Mélanie, Stéphanie SIMONCINI, Maxime ABELLAN, Pauline FRANCOIS, Sandy EAP, Anaïs LAGRANGE, Baptiste BERTRAND, et al. "Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Systemic Sclerosis Patients Maintain Pro-Angiogenic and Antifibrotic Paracrine Effects In Vitro." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111979.
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Innovative therapies based on autologous adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC) are currently being evaluated for treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although paracrine angiogenic and antifibrotic effects are considered the predominant mechanisms of ASC therapeutic potential, the impact of SSc on ASC paracrine functions remains controversial. In this study, phenotype, senescence, differentiation potential, and molecular profile were determined in ASC from SSc patients (SSc-ASC) (n = 7) and healthy donors (HD-ASC) (n = 7). ASC were co-cultured in indirect models with dermal fibroblasts (DF) from SSc patients or endothelial cells to assess their pro-angiogenic and antifibrotic paracrine effects. The angiogenic activity of endothelial cells was measured in vitro using tube formation and spheroid assays. DF collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) content were quantified after five days of co-culture with ASC. Differentiation capacity, senescence, and mRNA profiles did not differ significantly between SSc-ASC and HD-ASC. SSc-ASC retained the ability to stimulate angiogenesis through paracrine mechanisms; however, functional assays revealed reduced potential compared to HD-ASC. DF fibrosis markers were significantly decreased after co-culture with SSc-ASC. Together, these results indicate that SSc effects do not significantly compromise the angiogenic and the antifibrotic paracrine properties of ASC, thereby supporting further development of ASC-based autologous therapies for SSc treatment.
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Wu, Yongkang, Martin J. Hoogduijn, Carla C. Baan, Sander S. Korevaar, Ronella de Kuiper, Lin Yan, Lanlan Wang, and Nicole M. van Besouw. "Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have a Heterogenic Cytokine Secretion Profile." Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960831.
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Mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) have immune regulatory function, which makes them interesting candidates for cellular therapy. ASC cultures are however heterogeneous in phenotype. It is unclear whether all ASC contribute equally to immunomodulatory processes. ASC are also responsive to cytokine stimulation, which may affect the ratio between more and less potent ASC populations. In the present study, we determined IL-6 receptor (CD126 and CD130 subunits) and IFN-γ receptor (CD119) expression on ASC by flow cytometry. The production of IL-6 and IFN-γ was measured by ELISA and the frequency of IL-6 and IFN-γ secreting cells by ELISPOT. The results showed that ASC did not express CD126, and only 10–20% of ASC expressed CD130 on their surface, whereas 18–31% of ASC expressed CD119. ASC produced high levels of IL-6 and 100% of ASC were capable of secreting IL-6. Stimulation by IFN-γ or TGF-β had no effect on IL-6 secretion by ASC. IFN-γ was produced by only 1.4% of ASC, and TGF-β significantly increased the frequency to 2.7%. These results demonstrate that ASC cultures are heterogeneous in their cytokine secretion and receptor expression profiles. This knowledge can be employed for selection of potent, cytokine-producing, or responsive ASC subsets for cellular immunotherapy.
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De Tullio, Mario C., and Oreste Arrigoni. "The ascorbic acid system in seeds: to protect and to serve." Seed Science Research 13, no. 4 (December 2003): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2003143.
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The ascorbic acid (ASC) system functions dynamically in seeds, although the strategies for ASC production and utilization may vary according to seed developmental and functional stages. In orthodox seeds, ASC content and ASC peroxidase activity increase during the early stages of development, then decrease during the desiccation stage, so that, at quiescence, seeds have neither ASC nor ASC peroxidase, but retain a small amount of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and significant activities of ASC recycling enzymes. ASC and ASC peroxidase activity re-start after a few hours from the onset of imbibition. In contrast, the ASC system is little affected during germination of recalcitrant seeds. Although the presence of the ASC system in seeds has often been considered only within the framework of seed antioxidant defences, ASC function in seeds is also likely to be related to its action as a specific co-substrate required for the activity of dioxygenases (e.g. 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylate oxidase, gibberellic acid hydroxylases and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases) involved in the synthesis of ethylene, gibberellins and abscisic acid, respectively. The possible role of ASC in coordinating the activities of these key enzymes is discussed.
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Gomes de Oliveira, Geilson, Renata Mirian Nunes Eleutério, Ana Katherine Silveira Gonçalves, Paulo César Giraldo, and José Eleutério Jr. "Atypical Squamous Cells in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology: Microbiology, Inflammatory Infiltrate, and Human Papillomavirus-DNA Testing." Acta Cytologica 62, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481654.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between atypical squamous cells (ASC) and inflammatory infiltrate and vaginal microbiota using cervical liquid-based cytological (SurePath®) and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) tests. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 6-year database from a laboratory in Fortaleza (Brazil). Files from 1,346 ASC cases were divided into subgroups and results concerning inflammation and vaginal microorganisms diagnosed by cytology were compared with HR-HPV test results. Results: An absence of specific microorganisms (ASM) was the most frequent finding (ASC of undetermined significance, ASC-US = 74%; ASC - cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, ASC-H = 68%), followed by bacterial vaginosis (ASC-US = 20%; ASC- H = 25%) and Candida spp. (ASC-US = 6%; ASC-H = 5%). Leukocyte infiltrate was present in 71% of ASC-US and 85% of ASC-H (p = 0.0040), and in these specific cases HR-HPV tests were positive for 65 and 64%, respectively. A positive HR-HPV test was relatively more frequent when a specific microorganism was present, and Candida spp. was associated with HR-HPV-positive results (p = 0.0156), while an ASM was associated with negative HR-HPV results (p = 0.0370). Conclusion: ASC-US is associated with an absence of inflammation or vaginosis, while ASC-H smears are associated with Trichomonas vaginalis and inflammatory infiltrate. A positive HR-HPV is associated with Candida spp. in ASC cytology.
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McAndrew, Christian C., MuChun Tsai, Nina M. Napolitano, Min-Ae Song, Peter G. Shields, Mikhail A. Gavrilin, and Mark D. Wewers. "Extracellular ASC in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid exists primarily in the soluble form and not in a speck complex." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 166.38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.166.38.
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Abstract Rationale Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) serves as an adaptor to link NOD-like receptors to caspase-1 during inflammasome activation. The oligomerization of ASC into a large speck-like complex appears to be crucial to this process. Furthermore, extracellular ASC specks may propagate an inflammatory response. Although extremely high levels of ASC exist in BALF, little is known about whether BALF ASC exists in the soluble form or as part of a speck complex. Methods Subjects (normal volunteers and patients with pneumonia) underwent IRB approved BAL. BALF was removed from cells by centrifugation at 400g and ASC was quantified by ELISA. Additionally, BALF was spun at 16,000g to pellet ASC specks and separate them from soluble ASC. Samples were crosslinked with DSS, separated on a denaturing gel, and immunoblotted with an anti-ASC antibody to visualize ASC oligomers. Results Extracellular levels of ASC were very high in the BALF when measured by ELISA and immunoblot. However, although pelletable ASC oligomers could easily be observed in stimulated THP-1 cell supernatants, no oligomers of ASC were found in BALF samples from healthy donors or pneumonia patients, and negligible amounts of ASC pelleted down when BALF was spun at high speed. Conclusion In contrast to inflammasome activated THP-1 cells, extracellular ASC in BALF exists primarily in the soluble non-oligomeric state. This observation held true for healthy donors and donors with lung infections.
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Fernandes, Fernando, Yara Furtado, Fábio Russomano, Kátia Silveira Silva, Rachel Silveira, Paulo Faria, and Priscilla Moreira. "Diagnóstico Citopatológico de ASC-US e ASC-H no Serviço Integrado Tecnológico em Citologia do INCA." Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia 58, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2012v58n3.602.
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Introdução: Células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado são definidas pela presença de anormalidades mais acentuadas que aquelas atribuídas as alterações reativas. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de diagnósticos ASC-US e ASC-H, entre o total de citologias; a porcentagem de laudos ASC-US e ASC-H entre os laudos citológicos alterados no mesmo periodo; a frequencia desses laudos no Serviço Integrado Tecnológico em Citologia (SITEC) / INCA; e sua distribuição por faixa etária. Método: Estudo de prevalencia, no qual foi avaliada a frequencia de laudos citopatológicos de ASC-US e ASC-H, no banco de dados do SITEC/INCA, entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2010. Resultados: A frequência de exames citopatológicos com diagnóstico de ASC-US foi 2,5% e de ASC-H foi de 0,2%. Entre o total de exames alterados, o contingente de diagnósticos ASC-US foi de 44,7% e de ASC-H foi de 4,4%. Na análise de frequências por faixas etárias, o maior percentual de ASC -US foi 3,3% no grupo entre 15-19 anos, o menor percentual de ASC-US foi 1,6% no grupo entre 55-59 anos. O maior percentual de ASC-H foi de 0,2% no grupo com mais de 60 anos e o menor percentual de ASC-H foi 0,1% no grupo entre 15-19 anos. Conclusão: A frequência por idade de cada categoria foi dentro do esperado para o tipo de laudo: ASC-US mais diagnosticado em faixas etárias mais jovens e ASC-H diagnosticado com pouca variação na frequencia em mulheres de todas as faixas etária. A frequencia de células escamosas atípicas no SITEC/INCA não ultrapassou 5%.
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Xu, Cheng, Zhangyuan Gu, Juan Liu, Xiaoyan Lin, Cheng Wang, Jiejing Li, Yun Fu, Xiaolin Cheng, and Zhigang Zhuang. "Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast: a population-based study." Breast Cancer 28, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 848–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12282-021-01222-3.
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Abstract Background To summarize the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and management of breast adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). Methods A population-based study was performed using retrospectively extracted data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for breast cancer patients with histological diagnoses of ASC, infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from 2004 to 2016. Results ASC presented similar tumor size but low histological grade and less lymph node metastasis compared to IDC. ASC expressed less positive rate of hormone receptors and barely HER2, which was similar with SCC. ASC patients underwent the similar surgical and systematic treatment as IDC, only with less radiotherapy. Median follow-up data of 78 months showed that the prognosis of IDC patients was better than that of ASC patients (all p < 0.05 for BCSM and OS). ASC was not an independent prognosis factor of breast cancer. After propensity score matching (PSM), no significant difference in BCSM nor OS was observed between ASC and IDC groups. In HR-negative patients, the prognosis of ASC was similar with that of IDC, and both were superior to SCC. In HR-positive patients, the 5-year survival rate of ASC was 63.5%, which was far less than that in ASC of HR-negative (81.0%). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (age > 60) and advanced AJCC-stage were independent factors of poor prognosis in ASC, breast-conserving surgery was also ideally suited for ASC. Conclusions ASC has unique clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. It is imperative to focus on a more precise and personalized treatment management of ASC patients.
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Frauz, Katleen, Luis Teodoro, Giane Carneiro, Fernanda Cristina da Veiga, Danilo Lopes Ferrucci, André Luis Bombeiro, Priscyla Waleska Simões, et al. "Transected Tendon Treated with a New Fibrin Sealant Alone or Associated with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells." Cells 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010056.
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Tissue engineering and cell-based therapy combine techniques that create biocompatible materials for cell survival, which can improve tendon repair. This study seeks to use a new fibrin sealant (FS) derived from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus, a biodegradable three-dimensional scaffolding produced from animal components only, associated with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) for application in tendons injuries, considered a common and serious orthopedic problem. Lewis rats had tendons distributed in five groups: normal (N), transected (T), transected and FS (FS) or ASC (ASC) or with FS and ASC (FS + ASC). The in vivo imaging showed higher quantification of transplanted PKH26-labeled ASC in tendons of FS + ASC compared to ASC on the 14th day after transection. A small number of Iba1 labeled macrophages carrying PKH26 signal, probably due to phagocytosis of dead ASC, were observed in tendons of transected groups. ASC up-regulated the Tenomodulin gene expression in the transection region when compared to N, T and FS groups and the expression of TIMP-2 and Scleraxis genes in relation to the N group. FS group presented a greater organization of collagen fibers, followed by FS + ASC and ASC in comparison to N. Tendons from ASC group presented higher hydroxyproline concentration in relation to N and the transected tendons of T, FS and FS + ASC had a higher amount of collagen I and tenomodulin in comparison to N group. Although no marked differences were observed in the other biomechanical parameters, T group had higher value of maximum load compared to the groups ASC and FS + ASC. In conclusion, the FS kept constant the number of transplanted ASC in the transected region until the 14th day after injury. Our data suggest this FS to be a good scaffold for treatment during tendon repair because it was the most effective one regarding tendon organization recovering, followed by the FS treatment associated with ASC and finally by the transplanted ASC on the 21st day. Further investigations in long-term time points of the tendon repair are needed to analyze if the higher tissue organization found with the FS scaffold will improve the biomechanics of the tendons.
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Ntagkas, Nikolaos, Ernst Woltering, Sofoklis Bouras, Ric CH de Vos, J. Anja Dieleman, Celine CS Nicole, Caroline Labrie, and Leo FM Marcelis. "Light-Induced Vitamin C Accumulation in Tomato Fruits is Independent of Carbohydrate Availability." Plants 8, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8040086.
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L-ascorbate (ASC) is essential for human health. Therefore, there is interest in increasing the ASC content of crops like tomato. High irradiance induces accumulation of ASC in green tomato fruits. The D-mannose/L-galactose biosynthetic pathway accounts for the most ASC in plants. The myo-inositol and galacturonate pathways have been proposed to exist but never identified in plants. The D-mannose/L-galactose starts from D-glucose. In a series of experiments, we tested the hypothesis that ASC levels depend on soluble carbohydrate content when tomato fruits ripen under irradiances that stimulate ASC biosynthesis. We show that ASC levels considerably increased when fruits ripened under light, but carbohydrate levels did not show a parallel increase. When carbohydrate levels in fruits were altered by flower pruning, no effects on ASC levels were observed at harvest or after ripening under irradiances that induce ASC accumulation. Artificial feeding of trusses with sucrose increased carbohydrate levels, but did not affect the light-induced ASC levels. We conclude that light-induced accumulation of ASC is independent of the carbohydrate content in tomato fruits. In tomato fruit treated with light, the increase in ASC was preceded by a concomitant increase in myo-inositol.
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Imaoka, Hiroshi, Kenji Yamao, Susumu Hijioka, Kazuo Hara, Nobumasa Mizuno, Tsutomu Tanaka, Shinya Kondo, et al. "Prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: A matched case-control study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e14540-e14540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14540.
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e14540 Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas (ASC), which accounts for only 1-4% of exocrine pancreatic malignancies, is a variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the prognosis of ASC is still unclear because these reports were based on only case studies and small surgical series with early stage cancers. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the prognosis of ASC using a matched case-control study. Methods: Pathological and clinical records of ASC cases between 2001 and 2011 in our institution were examined. All ASC cases were diagnosed pathologically by a surgical or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) specimen. First, to examine the efficacy of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of ASC, the pathological findings of EUS-FNA were compared with the surgical findings in the resected cases of ASC. Next, to clarify the prognosis of ASC, the clinical characteristics of ASC were evaluated. As a control group, PDAC cases matched with ASC cases by sex, age, pretreatment ECOG-PS, location, initial therapy, and the AJCC TNM staging for pancreatic cancer were also included in this study. Results: Of the 914 cases of pancreatic neoplasms, 28 cases of ASC were identified (3.06%), and 56 cases of PDAC were matched as controls. Of 28 cases of ASC, 6 cases underwent curative resection, and 22 cases were unresectable. Of the 6 resected cases of ASC, 5 cases were diagnosed preoperatively by EUS-FNA (κ, 0.83; positive predictive value [PPV], 100%). Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse for ASC than for PDAC, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.94 (95% CI, 1.07 to 3.51; p=0.026; median 8.38 months vs. 15.75 months). Of the 22 unresected cases, the OS of ASC was significantly worse than that of PDAC, with an HR of 2.39 (95% CI, 1.27 to 4.51; p=0.007; median 4.67 months vs. 12.36 months). Conclusions: In the present study, EUS-FNA had a high PPV for the diagnosis of ASC, and ASC was found to be more aggressive than PDAC.
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Trzeszcz, Martyna, Maciej Mazurec, Robert Jach, Karolina Mazurec, Zofia Jach, Izabela Kotkowska-Szeps, Magdalena Kania, et al. "Liquid-Based Screening Tests Results: HPV, Liquid-Based Cytology, and P16/Ki67 Dual-Staining in Private-Based Opportunistic Cervical Cancer Screening." Diagnostics 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081420.
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The baseline data from the private-based opportunistic cervical cancer screening with HRHPV14, liquid-based cytology (LBC) and p16/Ki67 testing, and its quality assessment/quality control (QA/QC) tools are lacking. The age-stratified analysis of 30,066 screening tests results in a Polish population, including the investigation of HRHPV14 status, LBC, and p16/Ki67 dual-staining reporting rates, along with immediate histopathologic correlations, was conducted. For cytopathologic QA/QC, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) benchmarks and enhanced safety protocol were used. The NILM/ASC-US/LSIL/ASC-H/HSIL/AGC reporting rates were 93.9/3.4/2.0/0.22/0.24/0.11, respectively, with correlating HRHPV14-positive rates of 8.4/48.9/77.2/84.6/90.7/26.7. The reporting rates for HSIL (CIN2+) in HRHPV-positive women with NILM/ASC-US/LSIL/ASC-H/HSIL/AGC referred for a colposcopy with biopsy were 19.1/25.8/22.5/12.4/19.1/1.1% of the total HSIL (CIN2+). In total, of the 1130 p16/Ki67 tests, 30% were positive. In NILM HRHPV14-positive women with available histology result, HSIL(CIN2+) was detected in 28.3% of cases. In the first such large-scale Polish study presenting HRHPV14, informed LBC and HSIL (CIN2+) results, the reporting rates were highly consistent with data from American and other CAP-certified laboratories, confirming the possibility of using the 2019 ASCCP risk-based guidelines as one of the screening strategies outside of the US, in conditions of proper QA/QC. The private-based screening model can be effective in cervical cancer prevention, particularly in countries with low population coverage of public funds-based systems.
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Yeom, Seon-Yong, Geun Hyang Kim, Chan Hee Kim, Heun Don Jung, So-Yeon Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Youngmi Kim Pak, et al. "Regulation of Insulin Secretion and β-Cell Mass by Activating Signal Cointegrator 2." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2006): 4553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01412-05.
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ABSTRACT Activating signal cointegrator 2 (ASC-2) is a transcriptional coactivator of many nuclear receptors (NRs) and other transcription factors and contains two NR-interacting LXXLL motifs (NR boxes). In the pancreas, ASC-2 is expressed only in the endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans, but not in the exocrine cells. Thus, we examined the potential role of ASC-2 in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Overexpressed ASC-2 increased glucose-elicited insulin secretion, whereas insulin secretion was decreased in islets from ASC-2+/− mice. DN1 and DN2 are two dominant-negative fragments of ASC-2 that contain NR boxes 1 and 2, respectively, and block the interactions of cognate NRs with the endogenous ASC-2. Primary rat islets ectopically expressing DN1 or DN2 exhibited decreased insulin secretion. Furthermore, relative to the wild type, ASC-2+/− mice showed reduced islet mass and number, which correlated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of ASC-2+/− islets. These results suggest that ASC-2 regulates insulin secretion and β-cell survival and that the regulatory role of ASC-2 in insulin secretion appears to involve, at least in part, its interaction with NRs via its two NR boxes.
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Xue, Pei, Danielle Nogoy, Konstantinos Damiris, and Sushil Ahlawat. "Discovery of esophageal stricture following femoral neck fracture: a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus in a young female." Case Reports in Internal Medicine 8, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/crim.v8n1p13.
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Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus is a rare malignancy of the esophagus with histopathologic features of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Given the rarity of this disease, there is scant literature on ASC. We report a unique case of a 29-year-old African American female with advanced ASC manifesting as a pathologic fracture. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed femoral fracture, and femoral biopsy demonstrated metastatic ASC. Upper endoscopy revealed a distal esophageal stricture, and histopathology confirmed ASC. To our knowledge this is the youngest case of ASC to be reported. We discuss ASC epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and current treatments.
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Tester, Chantel C., Michael L. Whittaker, and Derk Joester. "Controlling nucleation in giant liposomes." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 42 (2014): 5619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc01457j.
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Confinement effects in giant liposomes lead to dramatic stabilization of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), intermediate stabilization of amorphous strontium carbonate (ASC), but has no effect on the precipitation of barium carbonate.
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Kattoor, Jayasree, and Meherbano M. Kamal. "The gray zone squamous lesions: ASC-US / ASC-H." Cytojournal 19 (April 30, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cmas_03_10_2021.
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The unequivocal and easily recognizable entities of LSIL and HSIL pose no diagnostic problems for a trained eye. However, when the defining morphologic features are either qualitatively or quantitatively insufficient, it is then that the borderline category of “Atypical Squamous cells” (ASC) may have to be used. Scant and suboptimal preparations (mainly in conventional smears) are the common causes that hinder confident decision-making. The binary classification of the ASC category has been retained in The Bethesda System 2014. It includes ASC of undetermined significance (ASC-US) when the atypia is seen in mature cells and ASC-cannot rule out high-grade lesion (ASC-H) when borderline changes are seen in less mature, smaller metaplastic cells or smaller basaloid cells. There are many criticisms of the ASC category. The major one is its subjective and inconsistent applications and the low interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility. However, studies have shown that if we eliminate ASC-US, the LSIL rate will increase. If ASC-H is eliminated, the chances of detecting true lesions are reduced. Hence, there are strong reasons to retain the ASC category. The usual problems leading to the categorization of such cells as atypical are hyperchromasia beyond that acceptable as reactive change; abnormal chromatin pattern that is not overt dyskaryosis; minor variations in nuclear shape; and membrane outlines. Qualifying the atypical cells precisely in one of the categories has bearing on the clinical management and follow-up of the patient. Surveillance of women under the ASC-US category is either by repeat smear at 6 months and 1 year or by reflex human papillomaviruses DNA testing. Women with a Pap smear interpretation of ASC-H are directed to undergo immediate colposcopy. This article describes in detail the morphologic features of the ASC category, doubts about the correct interpretation of the chromatin pattern of the cells in question, and the differential diagnosis between normal, reactive, or inflammatory conditions, and LSIL/HSIL.
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Wang, Shanshan, Deqing Zhou, Nan Liu, Yong Sun, and Guohui Sun. "Physicochemical and Fibril Formation Properties of Pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) Skin Collagen from Solvent Extraction in Different Conditions." Gels 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9010017.
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Acid-solubilized (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) extracted at 4 °C (ASC-4 and PSC-4), 12 °C (ASC-12 and PSC-12), and 20 °C (ASC-20 and PSC-20) from the skin of farmed pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) was characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fibril-forming tests. The results indicate that extraction at 12 °C can effectively improve the extraction efficiency of natural collagen compared with extraction at 4 °C. However, extraction at 20 °C results in a decrease in molecular integrity, thus, inducing the resultant collagen to degrade or even lose fibril-forming ability. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed that ASC-4, PSC-4, ASC-12, and PSC-12 can assemble into fibrils with D-periodicities, and ASC-20 associated into molecular aggregates alongside partial D-banded fibrils, while no well-defined fibrils were observed in PSC-20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the well-defined fibril morphologies of ASC-4, PSC-4, ASC-12, and PSC-12 with imino acid contents between 190.0 and 197.8 residues/1000 residues. The denaturation temperature of ASC-4, PSC-4, ASC-12 and PSC-12 was 30.0, 27.6, 25.9 and 22.7 °C, respectively. This study indicates that ASC and PSC extracted at 4 °C and 12 °C could be alternatives to terrestrial collagens for industrial applications.
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McAndrew, Christian C., Nina M. Napolitano, Alex D. Vompe, Mark D. Wewers, and Mikhail A. Gavrilin. "ASC phosphorylation at Y146 regulates inflammasome activation and pyroptosis." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 115.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.115.2.
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Abstract Rationale Inflammasome assembly and activation is a complex process regulated, in part, by posttranslational modification of inflammasome proteins. ASC is a universal adaptor in virtually all inflammasome platforms and its modification is critical in regulation of inflammasome function. In particular, PTK inhibitor AG126 greatly inhibits inflammasome activation. Methods We generated stable THP-1 cells with either overexpression of ASC (YFP-ASC) or knock down of ASC (siRNA and CRISPR) followed by ASC knock in. To test the role of ASC phosphorylation in inflammasome assembly and activity, we mutated the highly conserved tyrosine 146 to Y146A. Cells were stimulated with LPS or live bacteria and inflammasome activity was measured by fluorescent microscopy, ELISA, and immunoblotting. Results Upon inflammasome activation ASC is released from the cell together with IL-1β, IL-18 and other inflammasome proteins. Inhibition of select tyrosine kinases severely reduces inflammasome activation, pyroptosis and ASC release. Elimination of the potential phosphorylation site Y146 dramatically changes visible ASC complex formation – from a single round speck to a filamentous structure. Cells with the Y146A ASC mutation show significantly abrogated inflammasome activation as compared to a wild type. Screening of a PTK inhibitor library (Selleckchem) linked several tyrosine kinases to regulating ASC phosphorylation and inflammasome activity. Conclusion ASC phosphorylation at Y146 by tyrosine kinases is an important regulator of inflammasome activity and pyroptosis.
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Fu, Ya Wei, Liang Cai Cai, and Yong Gen Wu. "Drying Shrinkage and Prediction Model of Alkali-Slag Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.18.
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Green high performance alkali-slag concrete(ASC) was prepared by adding Na2SiO3 and NaOH complex activator in slag. Physical, mechanical and drying shrinkage performance of ASC were studied by workability, strength and drying shrinkage tests. The results show that slump of ASC exceeds 160mm, fluidity and workability is excellent. 28d compressive strength and flexural trength of ASC are 90MPa and 8.36MPa, 7d strength are 83.7MPa and 7.47MPa, which belongs to high–early strenth. drying shrinkage of ASC are ratherish bigger than portland concrete(PC) anytime, but correspond to PC at later period from 28d, anyhow ASC belonged to low deformation concrete but with ratherish bigger early deformation, therefore early keep should be reinforced. drying shrinkage of ASC increase with dosage of slag anytime, but don’t increase with ratio of activator solution to slag linearly. And a suited logarithm prediction model of ASC was established, which can predict the drying shrinkage of ASC.
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Miteva, Ivanka, Ivan Vinev, and Ivan Mitev. "FEATURES OF ALLOYED A MATRYX OF WATER-DISPERSED IRON POWDERS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2021): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol3.6580.
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The publication examines the peculiarities of alloying a matrix of water-dispersed iron powders of the type ASC 100.29, AHC 100.29 and ABC 100.30. The possible ways of alloying in powder metallurgy are presented. The influence of the main alloying elements - copper, nickel, phosphorus, molybdenum, etc. was traced. on the technological process in the production of powder metallurgical details. A special place is given to the alloying elements intensifying the process of coagulation of the pores in the matrix during sintering - copper and phosphorus. Graphical dependences for the influence of copper on the dimensional changes of the iron matrix at different sintering temperatures are presented.
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Yang, Zhu-lin, Leping Yang, Qiong Zou, Yuan Yuan, Jinghe Li, Lufeng Liang, Guixiang Zeng, and Senlin Chen. "Positive ALDH1A3 and Negative GPX3 Expressions Are Biomarkers for Poor Prognosis of Gallbladder Cancer." Disease Markers 35 (2013): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/187043.
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Background. Gallbladder cancers (GBCs) are highly aggressive cancers with high mortality. However, biological markers for the progression and prognosis of GBC are currently unavailable in the clinic.Objective. To identify biomarkers for predicting GBC metastasis and prognosis.Methods. We examined ALDH1A3 and GPX3 expressions in 46 squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas (SC/ASC) and 80 adenocarcinomas (AC) by using immunohistochemistry.Results. Positive ALDH1A3 and negative GPX3 expressions were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and invasion of SC/ASCs and ACs. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that either positive ALDH1A3(P<0.001)or negative GPX3(P<0.001)expression significantly correlated with decreased overall survival in both SC/ASC and AC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive ALDH1A3 expression or negative GPX3 expression was an independent poor-prognostic predictor in both SC/ASC and AC patients.Conclusions. Our study suggested that positive ALDH1A3 and negative GPX3 expressions are closely associated with clinical pathological behaviors and poor prognosis of gallbladder cancer.
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SU, YI-CHENG, and MICHAEL T. MORRISSEY. "Reducing Levels of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination on Raw Salmon with Acidified Sodium Chlorite." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.5.812.
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The antimicrobial activity of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) against Listeria monocytogenes in salmon was studied. Raw salmon (whole fish and fillets) inoculated with L. monocytogenes (103 CFU/cm2 or 104 CFU/g) were washed with ASC solution (50 ppm) for 1 min and stored at −18°C for 1 month (whole salmon) or in ice for 7 days (fillets). L. monocytogenes populations were determined for whole salmon after frozen storage and for fillets on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of storage. A wash with ASC solution followed by ASC glazing did not reduce L. monocytogenes on the skin of whole salmon during frozen storage. However, the wash resulted in an L. monocytogenes reduction of 0.5 log CFU/g for salmon fillets. The populations of L. monocytogenes in fillets increased slowly during ice storage, but the growth of these populations was retarded by ASC ice. By day 7, the populations were 0.25 log units smaller in fillets stored in ASC ice and 0.62 log units smaller in fillets that had been washed with ASC solution and stored in ASC ice than in control fillets. Treatment with ASC also reduced total plate counts (TPCs) by 0.43 log CFU/cm2 on the skin of whole salmon and by 0.31 log CFU/g in fillets. The TPCs for skin decreased during frozen storage but increased gradually for fillets stored at 5°C or in ice. However, TPCs of ASC-treated samples were lower than those for controls at any point during the study. Washing with ASC solution significantly (P < 0.05) reduced TPCs on the skin of whole salmon and in fillets, as well as L. monocytogenes in fillets. The antimicrobial activity of ASC was enhanced when salmon was washed with ASC solution and stored in ASC ice.
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Holowatz, Lacy A., Caitlin S. Thompson, and W. Larry Kenney. "Acute ascorbate supplementation alone or combined with arginase inhibition augments reflex cutaneous vasodilation in aged human skin." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 6 (December 2006): H2965—H2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00648.2006.
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Full expression of reflex cutaneous vasodilation (VD) is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) and is attenuated in older humans. NO may be decreased by an age-related increase in reactive oxygen species or a decrease in l-arginine availability via upregulated arginase. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute antioxidant supplementation alone and combined with arginase inhibition on reflex VD in aged skin. Eleven young (Y; 22 ± 1 yr) and 10 older (O; 68 ± 1 yr) human subjects were instrumented with four intradermal microdialysis (MD) fibers. MD sites were control (Co), NO synthase inhibited (NOS-I), l-ascorbate supplemented (Asc), and Asc + arginase-inhibited (Asc + A-I). After baseline measurements, subjects underwent whole body heating to increase oral temperature (Tor) by 0.8°C. Red blood cell flux was measured by using laser-Doppler flowmetry, and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated (CVC = flux/mean arterial pressure) and normalized to maximal (CVCmax). VD during heating was attenuated in O (Y: 37 ± 3 vs. O: 28 ± 3% CVCmax; P < 0.05). NOS-I decreased VD in both groups compared with Co (Y: 20 ± 4; O: 15 ± 2% CVCmax; P < 0.05 vs. Co within group). Asc and Asc + A-I increased VD beyond Co in O (Asc: 35 ± 4% CVCmax; Asc + A-I: 41 ± 3% CVCmax; P < 0.001) but not in Y (Asc: 36 ± 3% CVCmax; Asc + A-I: 40 ± 5% CVCmax; P > 0.05). Combined Asc + A-I resulted in a greater increase in VD than Asc alone in O ( P = 0.001). Acute Asc supplementation increased reflex VD in aged skin. Asc combined with arginase inhibition resulted in a further increase in VD above Asc alone, effectively restoring CVC to the level of young subjects.
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Kim, Geun Hyang, Kyung Jin Lee, Gyun-Sik Oh, Jin Yoon, Hae Won Kim, and Seung-Whan Kim. "Regulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity by activating signal co-integrator-2." Biochemical Journal 447, no. 3 (October 5, 2012): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20120861.
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ASC-2 (activating signal co-integrator-2, also known as AIB3 and NCoA6) is a transcriptional co-activator and regulates insulin secretion and β-cell survival. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of ASC-2 in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. Although islet cells from 10-week-old ASC-2+/− mice secreted less insulin than wild-type islets, there was no significant difference in glucose tolerance between ASC-2+/− and wild-type mice. However, ASC-2+/− mice did show increased insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type mice in insulin tolerance tests. Consistently, the levels of phosphorylated Akt were higher in ASC-2+/− hepatocytes than in wild-type hepatocytes after insulin treatment. Moreover, decreases in phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase mRNA in refed mice were more prominent in ASC-2+/− livers than in wild-type livers. Interestingly, the expression levels of SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 1) and SOCS3, well-known insulin signalling inhibitors, were decreased in ASC-2+/− hepatocytes and increased in ASC-2-overexpressing hepatocytes. Furthermore, ASC-2 was recruited to the promoter region of SOCS1 and potentiated the transcription by SREBP-1c (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c). This transcription-activating function of ASC-2 was diminished by mutations of SREBP-1c-binding sites in the SOCS1 promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC-2 negatively affects hepatic insulin sensitivity, at least in part, through induction of the insulin signalling inhibitors SOCS1 and SOCS3.
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Cytryn, Andréa, Fábio Bastos Russomano, Maria José de Camargo, Lucília Maria Gama Zardo, Nilza Maria Sobral Rebelo Horta, Rachel de Carvalho Silveira de Paula Fonseca, Maria Aparecida Tristão, and Aparecida Cristina Sampaio Monteiro. "Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades II/III and cervical cancer in patients with cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells when high-grade intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) cannot be ruled out." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 127, no. 5 (September 2009): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802009000500007.
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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The latest update of the Bethesda System divided the category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) into ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (high-grade intraepithelial lesion cannot be ruled out). The aims here were to measure the prevalence of pre-invasive lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN II/III) and cervical cancer among patients referred to Instituto Fernandes Figueira (IFF) with ASC-H cytology, and compare them with ASC-US cases. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, at the IFF Cervical Pathology outpatient clinic. METHODS: ASCUS cases referred to IFF from November 1997 to September 2007 were reviewed according to the 2001 Bethesda System to reach cytological consensus. The resulting ASC-H and ASC-US cases, along with new cases, were analyzed relative to the outcome of interest. The histological diagnosis (or cytocolposcopic follow-up in cases without such diagnosis) was taken as the gold standard. RESULTS: The prevalence of CIN II/III in cases with ASC-H cytology was 19.29% (95% confidence interval, CI, 9.05-29.55%) and the risk of these lesions was greater among patients with ASC-H than with ASC-US cytology (prevalence ratio, PR, 10.42; 95% CI, 2.39-45.47; P = 0.0000764). Pre-invasive lesions were more frequently found in patients under 50 years of age with ASC-H cytology (PR, 2.67; 95% CI, 0.38-18.83); P = 0.2786998). There were no uterine cervical cancer cases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CIN II/III in patients with ASC-H cytology was significantly higher than with ASC-US, and division into ASC diagnostic subcategories had good capacity for discriminating the presence of pre-invasive lesions.
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Hetrodt, Johanna, Christiane Engelbertz, Katrin Gebauer, Jacqueline Stella, Matthias Meyborg, Eva Freisinger, Holger Reinecke, and Nasser Malyar. "Access Site Related Vascular Complications following Percutaneous Cardiovascular Procedures." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8110136.
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Vascular access site complications (ASC) are among the most frequent complications of percutaneous cardiovascular procedures (PCP) and are associated with adverse outcome and high resources utilization. In this prospective study, we investigated patients with postprocedural clinical suspicion of ASC evaluated by duplex ultrasound (DUS) for the presence of ASC. We assessed the incidence, in-hospital outcome, treatment of complications and predictors for ASC. Overall, 12,901 patients underwent PCP during a 40 months period. Of those, 2890 (22.4%) patients had postprocedural clinical symptoms of ASC and were evaluated using DUS. An ASC was found in 206 of the DUS examined patients (corresponding to 7.1% of the 2890 DUS examined patients). In 6.7% of all valvular/TAVI procedures, an ASC was documented, while coronary, electrophysiological and peripheral PCP had a comparable and low rate of complications (1.2–1.5%). Pseudoaneurysm (PSA) was the most frequent ASC (67.5%), followed by arteriovenous fistula (13.1%), hematoma (7.8%) and others (11.7%). Of all PSA, 84 (60.4%) were treated surgically, 44 (31.6%) by manual compression and 11 (7.9%) conservatively. Three (0.02%) patients died due to hemorrhagic shock. In conclusion, femoral ASC are rare in the current era of PCP with PSA being the leading type of ASC. Nonetheless, patients with predisposing risk factors and postprocedural suspicious clinical findings should undergo a DUS to early detect and mitigate ASC-associated outcome.
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Song, Wang, Chen, Ma, Zuo, Cao, Xie, Chen, Jin, and Li. "GhVTC1, the Key Gene for Ascorbate Biosynthesis in Gossypium hirsutum, Involves in Cell Elongation Under Control of Ethylene." Cells 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8091039.
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L-Ascorbate (Asc) plays important roles in cell growth and plant development, and its de novo biosynthesis was catalyzed by the first rate-limiting enzyme VTC1. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of VTC1 involved in cell development is obscure in Gossypium hirsutum. Herein, the Asc content and AsA/DHA ratio were accumulated and closely linked with fiber development. The GhVTC1 encoded a typical VTC1 protein with functional conserved domains and expressed preferentially during fiber fast elongation stages. Functional complementary analysis of GhVTC1 in the loss-of-function Arabidopsis vtc1-1 mutants indicated that GhVTC1 is genetically functional to rescue the defects of mutants to normal or wild type (WT). The significant shortened primary root in vtc1-1 mutants was promoted to the regular length of WT by the ectopic expression of GhVTC1 in the mutants. Additionally, GhVTC1 expression was induced by ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and the GhVTC1 promoter showed high activity and included two ethylene-responsive elements (ERE). Moreover, the 5’-truncted promoters containing the ERE exhibited increased activity by ACC treatment. Our results firstly report the cotton GhVTC1 function in promoting cell elongation at the cellular level, and serve as a foundation for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of Asc-mediated cell growth via the ethylene signaling pathway.