Journal articles: 'ASAT'

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Trautsch, Alexander, Steffen Herbold, and Jens Grabowski. "A longitudinal study of static analysis warning evolution and the effects of PMD on software quality in Apache open source projects." Empirical Software Engineering 25, no. 6 (September 21, 2020): 5137–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09880-1.

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Abstract Automated static analysis tools (ASATs) have become a major part of the software development workflow. Acting on the generated warnings, i.e., changing the code indicated in the warning, should be part of, at latest, the code review phase. Despite this being a best practice in software development, there is still a lack of empirical research regarding the usage of ASATs in the wild. In this work, we want to study ASAT warning trends in software via the example of PMD as an ASAT and its usage in open source projects. We analyzed the commit history of 54 projects (with 112,266 commits in total), taking into account 193 PMD rules and 61 PMD releases. We investigate trends of ASAT warnings over up to 17 years for the selected study subjects regarding changes of warning types, short and long term impact of ASAT use, and changes in warning severities. We found that large global changes in ASAT warnings are mostly due to coding style changes regarding braces and naming conventions. We also found that, surprisingly, the influence of the presence of PMD in the build process of the project on warning removal trends for the number of warnings per lines of code is small and not statistically significant. Regardless, if we consider defect density as a proxy for external quality, we see a positive effect if PMD is present in the build configuration of our study subjects.

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Ghrenassia, E., A. Mekinian, M. H. Paclet, P. Nahon, T. Braun, A. S. Morin, and O. Fain. "Une élévation importante et isolée des ASAT : pensez aux macro-ASAT !" La Revue de Médecine Interne 34 (June 2013): A162—A163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2013.03.173.

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Langenberg, William H. "U.S. ASAT: Whither Now?" Washington Quarterly 9, no. 4 (September 1986): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01636608609443770.

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SMITH, R. J. "Problems Plague ASAT Program." Science 229, no. 4711 (July 26, 1985): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4711.361.

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Gimeno, Teresa E., Katy E. Sommerville, Fernando Valladares, and Owen K. Atkin. "Homeostasis of respiration under drought and its important consequences for foliar carbon balance in a drier climate: insights from two contrasting Acacia species." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 4 (2010): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09228.

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Under drought, when photosynthesis (A) is impaired, foliar respiration (R) becomes crucial to estimate plant carbon balance. However, the effects of drought on R remain unclear and little is known about differences between congeners with divergent anatomy. In this study we compared the physiological response to imposed drought in plants of two Acacia species: Acacia pycnantha Benth. and Acacia floribunda (Vent.) Willd. in a controlled environment. We subjected half of the plants to two desiccation cycles. Relative water content (RWC), the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm), phyllode dark respiration (Rdark), stomatal conductance to water (gs), light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat) were monitored. Drought significantly reduced RWC, gs, Fv/Fm, and Asast; increased the instantaneous water use efficiency in the species with higher foliage mass per area (FMA) (A. pycnantha) and did not have any significant effect on Rdark but increased the Rdark/Asat ratio. Although the shape of the response to drought of both species was similar, the two species differed in the magnitude in the increase of the Rdark/Asat ratio, with drought-mediated increases in Rdark/Asat being greater in A. floribunda than in A. pycnantha; the latter also showing greater recovery of photosynthesis. Collectively, our results highlight the extent to which drought alters the carbon balance of the two selected species. The homeostasis of Rdark under drought is particularly relevant within a climate change scenario where more severe and frequent drought episodes are predicted to occur.

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Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Peter Roberntz, Michael Freeman, Marius Næss, Henrik Saxe, Halldor Thorgeirsson, and Sune Linder. "Impact studies on Nordic forests: effects of elevated CO2 and fertilization on gas exchange." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-114.

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The effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2], and fertilization on gas exchange of four field-grown tree species were examined using the branch bag technique (Picea abies (L.) Karst., Pinus sylvestris L., Fagus sylvatica L.) or whole tree chambers (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray). Results are presented on changes in light-saturated rates of net photosynthesis (Asat), carboxylation efficiency (α), stomatal conductance (gs), and stomatal limitation of photosynthesis (Ls) after 24 years of CO2 exposure. Fertilization alone did not significantly change Asat, α, gs, or Ls for any of the species, but α and Asat were linearly related to foliage nitrogen content when compared across all treatments. No significant CO2 effects were detected for α, gs, or Asat when compared at the same intercellular [CO2], i.e., no downregulation of Asat was apparent. "Long-term" CO2 enrichment increased Asat significantly by 49, 53, 86, and 114% in Populus trichocarpa, Picea abies, F. sylvatica, and Pinus sylvestris, respectively. In all the species the relative CO2 effect on Asat increased linearly with temperature. Thus, application of a simple linear relationship could improve predictions of future tree growth responses to increasing CO2 and temperature in cool climates.

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RUINA, JACK. "Thoughts on the ASAT Issue." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 489, no. 1 The High tech (December 1986): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb52602.x.

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8

Beardsley, Tim. "ASAT: US weapons test criticized." Nature 317, no. 6034 (September 1985): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317194a0.

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9

Harenberg, Job, Ingrid Jörg, and Christel Weiss. "Observations of Alanine Aminotransferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase in THRIVE Studies Treated Orally with Ximelagatran." International Journal of Toxicology 25, no. 3 (May 2006): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810600683143.

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Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prophylaxis of recurrent events has been investigated in the THRIVE (THRombin Inhibitor in Venous ThrombeEmbolism) Treatment and the THRIVE III trial using the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran. Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) increased in 9.6% and 6.4% of patients in the THRIVE Treatment and THRIVE III trials, respectively. The authors analysed the time course of the ALAT and in additionally of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) in blood from 52 and 23 patients participating in the THRIVE Treatment and the THRIVE III trials in Germany. Analysis of variance for repeated measures and t test were performed. In the THRIVE Treatment trial, ALAT was significantly higher at week 2 for enoxaparin/warfarin ( p = .0039, t test) and at months 3 and 6 for ximelagatran ( p = .0453, p = .0014, respectively). ASAT and ASAT/ALAT ratio values did not increase and not differ for both groups. In the THRIVE III trial, ALAT and ASAT did not increase and did not differ compared to the comparator placebo. 2 × 36 mg Ximelagatran, induced higher ALAT values at months 3 and 6 compared to 2 × 24 mg ximelagatran ( p = .0105, p = .0063, respectively). ASAT did not differ between the two doses of ximelagatran. The ASAT/ALAT ratios were lower at week 2 for enoxaparin/warfarin ( t-test, p = .0032) and at month 3 and 6 for 2 × 36 mg versus warfarin or 2 × 24 mg Ximelagatran ( p between .0187 and .0002). The authors conclude that ALAT increases dose dependently during therapy with ximelagatran. The less frequent and lower increase of ASAT values compared to ALAT values indicates a nontoxic effect of ximelagatran on liver cells.

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10

Eberhart, J. "ASAT Target Was Working Research Satellite." Science News 128, no. 13 (September 28, 1985): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3970241.

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11

Pilloff, Herschel S., and Marko Horbatsch. "The Annular Shell Atom Trap (ASAT)." Journal of Modern Optics 49, no. 14-15 (November 2002): 2555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950034021000011464.

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12

Stares, Paul B. "ASAT Weapons: Why Restraint Makes Sense." Brookings Review 5, no. 4 (1987): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20079993.

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13

Budiansky, Stephen. "US ASAT: Live test tactfully postponed." Nature 316, no. 6025 (July 1985): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/316179b0.

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14

Konttinen, Aarne, and Kaarina Ojala. "Accurate determination of serum ASAT isoenzymes." Acta Medica Scandinavica 205, S623 (April 24, 2009): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb00705.x.

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15

Dahal, Keshav, Khalil Kane, Fathey Sarhan, Bernard Grodzinski, and Norman P. A. Hüner. "Cold acclimation inhibits CO2-dependent stimulation of photosynthesis in spring wheat and spring rye." Botany 90, no. 6 (June 2012): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-007.

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We assessed the effects of short-term elevated CO2 on the light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (Asat) of spring (‘SR4A’, ‘Katepwa’) and winter (‘Musketeer’, ‘Norstar’) wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.) cultivars grown at ambient CO2 (380 µmol C·mol–1) at either 20/16 °C (nonacclimated, NA) or 5/5 °C (cold acclimated, CA). In spring wheat–rye, cold acclimation decreased CO2-stimulation of Asat by 45%–60% relative to NA controls following a short-term (80 h) shift of plants from ambient to elevated CO2 (700 µmol C·mol–1). In contrast, in winter wheat–rye, cold acclimation enhanced CO2-stimulation of Asat by 15%–35% relative to NA controls upon a shift to elevated CO2. The stimulation observed for CA spring cultivars was about 60% less than that of CA winter cultivars. We conclude that a short-term exposure of spring cultivars to elevated CO2 cannot compensate for the cold acclimation-induced inhibition of Asat. Cold acclimation of spring cultivars appeared to exacerbate Rubisco CO2 substrate limitations present under ambient CO2. Furthermore, CA spring cultivars were unable to adjust their short-term temperature sensitivity of Asat under elevated CO2 compared with the winter cultivars.

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Kuk, Jennifer Linchee. "Associations between abdominal adiposity, exercise, morbidity, and mortality." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, no. 6 (December 2007): 1210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-090.

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The increasing prevalence of abdominal obesity worldwide poses a serious public health problem and thus presents a target for research designed to improve the assessment or treatment of abdominal obesity. Specifically, the first study in this thesis investigated the influence of age and gender on visceral (VAT) and abdominal (ASAT) subcutaneous adipose tissue for a given waist circumference (WC) in 481 men and women varying widely in age and body mass index (BMI). Significant gender differences in VAT and ASAT for a given WC were observed; however, only the relationship between WC and VAT was substantially influenced by age. The second study examined whether the associations between VAT, ASAT, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were altered depending on the measurement methodology used to assess VAT and ASAT. The odds ratio (OR) for MetS was higher for total VAT volume (OR = 7.26), and for partial volumes at T12–L1 (OR = 7.46) and L1–L2 (OR = 8.77) compared with the classic L4–L5 (OR = 3.94) measurement. The OR for MetS was not substantially different among the ASAT measures (OR∼2.6). Measurement site for VAT, but not ASAT, has a substantial influence on the magnitude of the association with MetS. The third study examined the independent associations between VAT, ASAT, liver fat, and all-cause mortality in 291 men (97 decedents and 194 controls, mortality follow-up of 2.2 ± 1.3 y). In a model including VAT, ASAT, liver fat, age, and length of follow-up, only VAT (1.93 (1.15–3.23)) remained a significant predictor of mortality. We concluded that VAT is a strong, independent predictor of all-cause mortality in men. The purpose of the final study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise dose (energy expenditure) on WC in sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women (n = 424). The women were randomly assigned to a control group or one of three aerobic exercise groups that exercised at energy expenditures of 4, 8, or 12 kcal·kg body mass–1·week–1. On comparison with controls, there were significant reductions in WC in the exercise groups (~3 cm, p < 0.05), which were independent of weight loss. However, the amount of exercise performed was not associated with reductions in WC in a dose-dependent manner.

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Fan, Pengxiang, Abigail M. Miller, Anthony L. Schilmiller, Xiaoxiao Liu, Itai Ofner, A. Daniel Jones, Dani Zamir, and Robert L. Last. "In vitro reconstruction and analysis of evolutionary variation of the tomato acylsucrose metabolic network." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 2 (December 29, 2015): E239—E248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517930113.

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Plant glandular secreting trichomes are epidermal protuberances that produce structurally diverse specialized metabolites, including medically important compounds. Trichomes of many plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) produce O-acylsugars, and in cultivated and wild tomatoes these are mixtures of aliphatic esters of sucrose and glucose of varying structures and quantities documented to contribute to insect defense. We characterized the first two enzymes of acylsucrose biosynthesis in the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum. These are type I/IV trichome-expressed BAHD acyltransferases encoded by Solyc12g006330─or S. lycopersicum acylsucrose acyltransferase 1 (Sl-ASAT1)─and Solyc04g012020 (Sl-ASAT2). These enzymes were used—in concert with two previously identified BAHD acyltransferases—to reconstruct the entire cultivated tomato acylsucrose biosynthetic pathway in vitro using sucrose and acyl-CoA substrates. Comparative genomics and biochemical analysis of ASAT enzymes were combined with in vitro mutagenesis to identify amino acids that influence CoA ester substrate specificity and contribute to differences in types of acylsucroses that accumulate in cultivated and wild tomato species. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the metabolic engineering of these insecticidal metabolites in plants and microbes.

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Munger, Gregory T., Rodney E. Will, and Bruce E. Borders. "Effects of competition control and annual nitrogen fertilization on gas exchange of different-aged Pinus taeda." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 1076–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-034.

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To determine the importance of competition control and annual fertilization on leaf gas exchange, light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured multiple times in different-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands growing at a Piedmont (BF Grant) and Coastal Plain (Waycross) location in Georgia, U.S.A. At both locations, competition control decreased Asat and gs (Asat from 4.53 to 4.12 µmol·m2·s1, gs from 0.058 to 0.050 mol·m2·s1 at BF Grant; Asat from 4.22 to 4.01 µmol·m2·s1, gs from 0.054 to 0.049 mol·m2·s1 at Waycross). Overall, fertilization did not have a positive impact on Asat, even though fertilization significantly increased foliar nitrogen concentration. At BF Grant, fertilization significantly decreased gs from 0.057 to 0.051 mol·m2·s1 and Ci from 217 to 205 µmol·mol1. In addition, the decrease in Ci associated with fertilization became larger with stand age. At Waycross, fertilization decreased Ci from 211 to 203 µmol·mol1 and the interaction between fertilization and stand age was significant for gs and Ci. These results indicate that silivcultural practices that increase resource availability and stand growth did not enhance leaf gas exchange.

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Sönnichsen, Arne, and Daniel Lambach. "A Developing Arms Race in Outer Space? De-Constructing the Dynamics in the Field of Anti-Satellite Weapons." Sicherheit & Frieden 38, no. 1 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0175-274x-2020-1-5.

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Fears about the militarization of space are widespread. For example, the recent development of Anti-Satellite (ASAT) capabilities by rising powers like China and India is often described as a technologically driven arms race. This article takes a social constructivist approach to deconstruct the dynamics of this supposed arms race. Using a case study of Mission Shakti, the 2019 Indian ASAT test, the conclusion is that the ASAT arms race is more complex than it seems at first glance. Most importantly, states seem less motivated by security gains but frequently make status-seeking arguments. This offers possibilities for de-securitizing outer space again.

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Salyha, N. O. "L-glutamic acid effect on changes in biochemical parameters of rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride." Animal Biology 23, no. 1 (April 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.01.018.

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This study aims to explore the ameliorative effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity in male rats. Changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALAT, ASAT) were studied in the tissues and blood of rats. Concentrations of creatinine, triacylglycerol and cholesterol were also determined in the blood of experimental animals. Intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 to rats led to changes in the blood of animals of the studied parameters — an increase of the activities of aminotransferases, triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels. At the same time, a decrease of ALAT activity was observed in the tissues of the myocardium and spleen of intoxicated animals, ASAT in their brain, and in the tissues of the lungs there was an increase in the activity of ALAT and the growth of ASAT in the tissues of the spleen In turn, with additional administration to animals intoxicated with tetrachloromethane L-Glu mitigation or no change in most of the studied indicators was observed, namely, in the blood the activity of ASAT fluctuated within the control values, and the concentrations of triacylglycerol and cholesterol did not change compared to the control. Also under the action of the studied aminoacid, no changes were detected in the activities of ALAT in lung tissue and ASAT in spleen tissue. The obtained results indicate a corrective effect of L-Glu on the physiological and biochemical parameters of rats in their intoxication with carbon tetrachloride.

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Lartigau-Roussin, C., M. H. Paclet, H. Audin, B. Toussaint, T. Henni, and L. Raffray. "Macro-ASAT et myélome : une association fortuite ?" La Revue de Médecine Interne 38, no. 3 (March 2017): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2016.05.015.

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Li, Yue, Lei Zhou, Shaoqiang Wang, Yonggang Chi, and Jinghua Chen. "Leaf Temperature and Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) Driving Stomatal Conductance and Biochemical Processes of Leaf Photosynthetic Rate in a Subtropical Evergreen Coniferous Plantation." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 4063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114063.

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Photosynthesis is arguably the most important biochemical process on Earth, which is dramatically influenced by environmental conditions. How environmental factors drive stomatal conductance and biochemical processes of leaf photosynthetic rate has not been sufficiently investigated in subtropical China. In this study, we analysed the effects of stomatal and biochemical parameters on the photosynthetic rate of native Masson’s pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and exotic slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) in response to leaf temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in subtropical China, based on leaf gas exchange measurements in 2016. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) between native Masson’s pine and exotic slash pine. The seasonal patterns of maximum rate of the carboxylation (Vcmax25) were basically consistent with seasonal patterns of Asat for both species. The positive effect of leaf temperature on Asat was mainly produced through its positive effect on Vcmax25. Leaf temperature had no significant effect on stomatal conductance. Vcmax25 and gs simultaneously affected Asat in response to VPD. Our results highlighted the importance of biochemical processes in limiting leaf photosynthetic rate in response to environmental conditions in subtropical evergreen coniferous plantations.

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Hardy, Ronald W., Edmundo Casillas, and Toshiro Masumoto. "Determination of Vitamin B6 Deficiency in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) by Liver Enzyme Assay and HPLC Analysis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-030.

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Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), initially averaging 125 g, were fed a complete or a pyridoxine-deficient diet for 14 wk. Vitamin B6 status was evaluated biweekly by direct measurement of liver pyridoxine and pyridoxal levels by HPLC and by determining pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-enhanced liver aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) activity. By 14 wk, mortality had severely reduced the number of fish remaining in the pyridoxine-deficient group. At 14 wk, no significant differences in liver pyridoxine and pyridoxal levels were detected between the trout fed the complete or pyridoxine-deficient diet. Significant differences between dietary groups are found in ASAT activity in liver and percent stimulation of liver ASAT by the addition of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate after 8 wk. Clinical signs of vitamin B6 deficiency including anorexia, listlessness, frantic and erratic swimming, and ataxia were observed after 11 wk of feeding a pyridoxine-deficient diet. This study shows that vitamin B6 deficiency in rainbow trout can be readily determined weeks before signs of clinical deficiency are apparent by measuring pyridoxine-enhanced liver ASAT activity. However, liver levels of pyridoxine and pyridoxal are not sensitive indicators of vitamin B6 status.

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Ahmada, Saqib Fardan, and S. Susetiawan. "WARGA BERDAYA SEBAGAI SUBPOLITIK DAN KAMPANYE JOGJA ASAT: PENOLAKAN PEMBANGUNAN HOTEL DAN APARTEMEN DI YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Pengembangan Kota 9, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpk.9.1.85-98.

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Artikel ini berangkat dari kampanye Jogja Asat yang digunakan oleh warga berdaya dalam melakukan penolakan hotel dan apartemen di Yogyakarta. Konsep subpolitik milik Ulrich Beck kemudian menjadi pilihan untuk menganalisis kasus tersebut. Dengan uraian di atas, penelitian ini mengajukan pertanyaan utama yaitu bagaimana proses warga berdaya sebagai fenomena subpolitik menolak atas pembangunan hotel dan apartemen di Yogyakarta melalui kampanye Jogja Asat. Proses penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini kemudian menunjukan bahwa warga berdaya merupakan bagian dari realitas subpolitik sebagaimana dijelaskan Ulrich Beck. Subpolitik di sini berangkat dari temuan bahwa warga berdaya bukan merupakan organisasi formal, melainkan sebuah koalisi warga yang juga terhubung dengan organisasi masyarakat sipil lain seperti Wahana Lingkingan Hidup (WALHI), Indonesia Visual Art Archive (IVAA), hingga Watchdoc. Melalui kampanye Jogja Asat, warga berdaya berusaha melakukan kontra narasi dari kemajuan pariwisata yang ada di Yogyakarta. Pada prosesnya, warga berdaya sebagai subpolitik aktivitasnya tidak hanya sekedar berkampanye tentang Jogja Asat saja. Warga berdaya juga turut memberdayakan masyarakat menuju kesadaran kritis terhadap lingkungan dan membangun jejaring dengan berbagai pihak yang mengalami keresahan akibat perkembangan hotel dan apartemen dalam industri pariwisata di Yogyakarta.

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Shigemasa, C., T. Tanaka, Y. Mitani, Y. Ueta, S. Taniguchi, K. Urabe, T. Adachi, A. Yoshida, K. Abe, and H. Mashiba. "Are increases in thyroxin-binding globulin in patients with acute hepatitis ascribable to synthesis by regenerating hepatocytes?" Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.4.776.

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Abstract We describe a case of liver cirrhosis lacking the expected increase in serum thyroxin (T4)-binding globulin (TBG) despite abrupt, severe increases in aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) in serum. Sequential change in serum T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and TBG concentrations were also measured retrospectively in serum of 10 hospitalized patients with acute viral hepatitis. Although their mean T4 and TBG concentrations significantly exceeded those in 40 normal subjects (P less than 0.002 and P less than 0.001, respectively), these values were within the normal reference intervals in five patients. ASAT and ALAT concentrations were not significantly different in patients with increased TBG and patients with normal TBG, whereas mean concentrations of serum albumin and cholinesterase and mean prothrombin times (in percent) in the former group were significantly higher than those in the latter group (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.05, and P less than 0.001, respectively). For 60 samples with increased ASAT and ALAT, TBG and albumin or cholinesterase correlated significantly (r = 0.49, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.50, P less than 0.001, respectively), but not TBG and ASAT or ALAT. Collectively, these results suggest that the increase in serum TBG in acute hepatitis may reflect its synthesis in regenerating hepatocytes rather than a simple leakage from damaged hepatocytes.

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Harrison, Matthew T., Walter M. Kelman, Andrew D. Moore, and John R. Evans. "Grazing winter wheat relieves plant water stress and transiently enhances photosynthesis." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 8 (2010): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10040.

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To model the impact of grazing on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we measured photosynthesis in the field. Grazing may affect photosynthesis as a consequence of changes to leaf water status, nitrogen content per unit leaf area (Na) or photosynthetic enzyme activity. While light-saturated CO2 assimilation rates (Asat) of field-grown wheat were unchanged during grazing, Asat transiently increased by 33–68% compared with ungrazed leaves over a 2- to 4-week period after grazing ended. Grazing reduced leaf mass per unit area, increased stomatal conductance and increased intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) by 36–38%, 88–169% and 17–20%, respectively. Grazing did not alter Na. Using a photosynthesis model, we demonstrated that the increase in Asat after grazing required an increase in Rubisco activity of up to 53%, whereas the increase in Ci could only increase Asat by up to 13%. Increased Rubisco activity was associated with a partial alleviation of leaf water stress. We observed a 68% increase in leaf water potential of grazed plants that could be attributed to reduced leaf area index and canopy evaporative demand, as well as to increased rainfall infiltration into soil. The grazing of rain-fed grain cereals may be tailored to relieve plant water stress and enhance leaf photosynthesis.

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Moraes, Regina Maria de, Cláudia Maria Furlan, Sérgio Tadeu Meirelles, Deborah Yara Alves Cursino dos Santos, Silvia Ribeiro de Souza, Sandra Regina de Araújo da Silva Viola, Fernanda Mendes de Rezende, Joyce Marques Barbosa, and Robson Lazareti Domingos. "Avaliação da sensibilidade da goiabeira 'Pedro Sato' ao ozônio." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46, no. 9 (September 2011): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2011000900001.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade da goiabeira 'Pedro Sato' ao ozônio (O3), em comparação à cultivar Paluma, descrita como sensível. Oito plantas de cada cultivar foram submetidas separadamente a ar filtrado e a ar filtrado + O3, cinco horas por dia, durante quatro dias. Foram avaliadas fotossíntese (Asat), injúrias foliares visíveis e concentração de antocianinas e taninos. Plantas das duas cultivares também foram expostas, durante três meses, a condições ambientais em local contaminado por O3, tendo-se avaliado fotossíntese, injúrias foliares e crescimento. Plantas fumigadas com O3 apresentaram redução de Asat e da atividade fotoquímica, além de manifestação de injúrias foliares. 'Paluma' apresentou maior redução de Asat, injúrias foliares mais severas e redução de taninos. Quando exposta ao ambiente contaminado, 'Paluma' apresentou trocas gasosas mais altas, mas apresentou redução de Asat 30 dias antes que 'Pedro Sato'. O crescimento não foi afetado em 'Pedro Sato', cujas injúrias foliares tiveram menor incidência, severidade e precocidade do que em 'Paluma'. A menor taxa de crescimento de 'Paluma' indica maior sensibilidade ao O3. Apesar de responder com menor intensidade ao estresse induzido pelo O3, a cultivar Pedro Sato não pode ser considerada tolerante, pois apresenta danos fotoquímicos, injúrias foliares e alterações nos conteúdos de metabólitos secundários quando exposta a esse poluente.

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Adams, Raymond J. "Sex and Background Factors: Effect on ASAT Scores." Australian Journal of Education 29, no. 3 (November 1985): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418502900303.

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Lagabrielle, J. F., B. Bonnefoy, S. Vergnaud, V. Boin, and A. Tachet. "Une « cytolyse hépatique chronique » : découverte d’une macro-ASAT." Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée 23, no. 3 (June 2008): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immbio.2008.02.010.

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Adams, Mark Andrew, Tarryn L. Turnbull, Janet I. Sprent, and Nina Buchmann. "Legumes are different: Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (March 30, 2016): 4098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523936113.

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Using robust, pairwise comparisons and a global dataset, we show that nitrogen concentration per unit leaf mass for nitrogen-fixing plants (N2FP; mainly legumes plus some actinorhizal species) in nonagricultural ecosystems is universally greater (43–100%) than that for other plants (OP). This difference is maintained across Koppen climate zones and growth forms and strongest in the wet tropics and within deciduous angiosperms. N2FP mostly show a similar advantage over OP in nitrogen per leaf area (Narea), even in arid climates, despite diazotrophy being sensitive to drought. We also show that, for most N2FP, carbon fixation by photosynthesis (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs) are not related to Narea—in distinct challenge to current theories that place the leaf nitrogen–Asat relationship at the center of explanations of plant fitness and competitive ability. Among N2FP, only forbs displayed an Narea–gs relationship similar to that for OP, whereas intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi; Asat/gs) was positively related to Narea for woody N2FP. Enhanced foliar nitrogen (relative to OP) contributes strongly to other evolutionarily advantageous attributes of legumes, such as seed nitrogen and herbivore defense. These alternate explanations of clear differences in leaf N between N2FP and OP have significant implications (e.g., for global models of carbon fluxes based on relationships between leaf N and Asat). Combined, greater WUE and leaf nitrogen—in a variety of forms—enhance fitness and survival of genomes of N2FP, particularly in arid and semiarid climates.

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Reichenauer, Thomas Gerhard, and Harald Romuald Bolhàr-Nordenkampf. "Mechanisms of Impairment of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Intact Leaves by Ozone." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 54, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1999): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1999-9-1031.

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Tropospheric ozone has been recognised as a limiting factor for plant growth since late fifties of our century. The decrease in the rate of light saturated net photosynthesis (Asat) was shown to be the major effect of ozone in leaves with negative consequences for plant growth and the development of plant communities. The reasons for the ozone-induced decrease in Asat are still under investigation. Possible mechanisms are an increasing stomatal limitation, an increase in mesophyll limitation including a reduction of the CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle and an impairment of the photochemical reactions in the grana membranes of chloroplasts. We conclude from the reviewed literature and from our own experiments that a decrease in carboxylation efficiency (CE) seems to be an early event caused by ozone leading to a decrease in Asat. The loss in current photochemical capacity (Fv/Fm) appears with a lag phase of many days and therefore the loss is thought to be a secondary effect due to a decreased demand of ‘assimilatory power’

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Fiel, M. Isabel, Hamid Reza Sima, Garrett Desman, Amirabbas Azarian, Patrick Lento, and Thomas D. Schiano. "Increased Thickness of Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Occurs More Frequently in Steatohepatitis Than in Simple Steatosis." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0050-oa.

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Context.—The incidence of obesity is increasing and contributes to the rising incidence of fatty liver. Body mass index (BMI) is used to assess the degree of obesity but does not take into account the pattern of body fat distribution. Objectives.—To confirm the increasing incidence of fatty liver in an autopsy study. We hypothesized that a standardized measurement of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) might be a good noninvasive method for differentiating steatohepatitis from steatosis. Design.—Consecutive complete adult postmortem cases were studied and liver sections were assessed with a steatohepatitis scoring system. Spleen weight, ASAT, and clinical information were obtained. Spleen histology was assessed in a subset of patients having splenomegaly in the absence of cirrhosis. Results.—Patients with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and appreciable alcohol use were excluded. Of 306 cases, the frequency of fatty liver was 51.6% with 33.3% having simple steatosis and 18.3%, having steatohepatitis. Mean ASAT was 3.7 cm in the steatohepatitis group versus 2.6 cm in the steatosis group (P < .001); this difference was greater in patients with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 (P = .05). Fibrocongestive splenomegaly was noted in 9 of 38 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (24%) in the absence of cirrhosis. Conclusions.—In this series of autopsy cases, a dramatic increase in the prevalence of fatty liver disease is demonstrated. Thicker ASAT is associated more with steatohepatitis than with simple steatosis, especially in patients with BMI below 25 kg/m2. Fibrocongestive splenomegaly may occur in the absence of cirrhosis in the presence of steatohepatitis.

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Janvier, Youovop Fotso, Mbaississem Walendom Dieudonné, Ngondi Judith Laure, and Julius Enyong Oben. "The Potential Effect of Aqueous Extract of Detarium microcarpum Bark on Certain Metabolic Disorders Associated with an Atherogenic Diet in Rats." Journal of Food Research 9, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n5p102.

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Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Detarium microcarpum on metabolic disorders in rats fed with an atherogenic diet. The extract at two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was co-administered in rats with an atherogenic diet. After 28 days, rats were sacrificed, blood collected in ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for plasma preparation, and the heart used for homogenate preparation. These plasma and heart homogenates were used to assess lipid profile, cardiac function (NO, ASAT), and hepatic function (ALAT, ASAT, and totals proteins). The results obtained showed that treatment (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg extract) led to a significant decrease in TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c, HDL-c, and non-HDL-c compared to untreated rats (positive control) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the cardiovascular risk index (IR, CRR, AC and AIP), were significantly low in the treated groups compared to untreated groups (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the CPI was higher in threated groups (p < 0.001). The percentage of vascular protection in rats receiving the extract was higher compared to rats treated with atorvastatin. The evaluation of cardiac function showed high levels of NO and ASAT in the heart of rats treated with the extract (p < 0.05). The plasma activity of ASAT and ALAT was low in the groups treated with the extract (p < 0.05). A low plasma level of total protein was also observed in the same groups (p < 0.001). Therefore, the aqueous bark extract of D. microcarpum administered orally showed anti-atherogenic, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective potential.

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Mihok, S., L. H. Otieno, and N. Darji. "Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei and the epidemiology of human sleeping sickness in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya." Parasitology 100, no. 2 (April 1990): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000061229.

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SUMMARYNumerical taxonomy was used to review isoenzyme variation in isolates of Trypanosoma brucei obtained from cattle, tsetse, humans and wildlife from the Lambwe Valley, Kenya. From isoenzyme information alone, it was possible to classify isolates as to source through the use of linear discriminant functions analysis, with an error rate of only 2% in humans, and 14% over all groups. Differentiation was mostly dependent on patterns in the enzymes ASAT, PEPI, and ICD. Parasites from non-human sources, especially tsetse, were characterized by high isoenzyme diversity, and many unique zymodemes. Observed frequencies of genotypes for ICD, ALAT, and ASAT did not agree with expected frequencies based on random mating of a diploid organism. Deviations were particularly large for tsetse isolates, and were mostly due to a deficiency of one homozygote. Cluster analysis revealed complex relationships among isolates, with patterns evolving through time. Major human zymodemes from the 1970s clustered together with most wildlife isolates from East Africa. This chronic human-wildlife transmission cycle was characterized by ASAT pattern I. Other, minor human zymodemes were associated with a human-cattle transmission cycle characterized by ASAT pattern VII. These original chronic transmission cycles appeared to change in 1980 with the appearance of two new zymodemes in humans. These zymodemes involved changes in ALAT and/or PGM to patterns typical of tsetse and cattle isolates. A resultant epidemic was halted with repeated aerial spraying of endosulfan in 1981. Since then, a variety of new zymodemes of unknown human infectivity have appeared. The origins of these changes are discussed in terms of genetic exchange in tsetse, adaptation to human and cattle transmission cycles, and selection resulting from chronic use of insecticides.

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Gopalaswamy, Bharath, and Ting Wang. "The science and politics of an Indian ASAT capability." Space Policy 26, no. 4 (November 2010): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2010.09.003.

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Larbi, T., F. Said, M. Abdallah, S. Hamzaoui, A. Harmel, M. Ennafaa, K. Bousslema, and S. M’Rad. "Macro-aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) : à propos d’un nouveau cas." La Revue de Médecine Interne 31 (December 2010): S499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2010.10.344.

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37

Bühringer, Gerhard, Christoph Kröger, Heinrich Küfner, Roselind Lieb, Christian Schütz, Michael Soyka, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Suchtforschungsverbund ASAT: Entwicklung von Zuordnungsmodellen für Interventionen bei Substanzstörungen." SUCHT 48, no. 3 (January 2002): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/suc.2002.48.3.200.

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Fragestellung: Es wird ein vom BMBF gefördertes Verbundforschungsprogramm für die Verbesserung der therapeutischen Versorgung von Personen mit substanzbezogenen Störungen beschrieben. Ansatzpunkt ist die Entwicklung von empirisch begründeten Modellen für die Zuordnung therapeutischer Interventionen zu spezifischen Patientencharakteristika und Störungsbildern. Damit soll eine Lücke zwischen der zunehmenden Differenzierung patienten- und störungsspezifischer Charakteristika auf der einen Seite sowie therapeutischer Verfahren auf der anderen Seite geschlossen werden. </P><P> Methodik: In 5 Einzelstudien werden verschiedene psychoaktive Substanzen (Alkohol, Cannabis, Ecstasy, Opiate und Nikotin) und Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Konsummustern einbezogen. Die Untersuchungen beginnen im Frühjahr 2002 und laufen in der ersten Phase über 3 Jahre. Beteiligt sind vier Forschergruppen in München und Dresden. Zentrales Merkmal des gesamten Verbundes ist eine enge Kooperation mit Praxiseinrichtungen und ein rascher Transfer der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in die therapeutische Versorgung für Personen mit substanzbezogenen Störungen.

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Lauda Maillen, M., A. Perier, O. Souchaud-Debouverie, F. Roy-Peaud, L. Luca, C. Landron, P. Roblot, and M. Martin. "Élévation isolée des ASAT : un diagnostic simple à évoquer." La Revue de Médecine Interne 39 (December 2018): A208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.202.

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Gheorghe, Adrian V., and Dan V. Vamanu. "Risk and vulnerability games. The anti-satellite weaponry (ASAT)." International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 3, no. 3/4 (2007): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcis.2007.014120.

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40

Sweet, William. "US Test of ASAT Dims Prospects for Comprehensive Treaty." Physics Today 38, no. 11 (November 1985): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814770.

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Mircheva Georgieva, T., Iv Penchev Georgiev, N. Markov, I. Markov, N. Bozakova, V. Petrov, and N. Nikolova. "EFFECT OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE, ASPARTATE AND ALANINE TRANSFERASES IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF RABBITS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 4 (2019): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/tjs.2019.04.007.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate (ASAT) and alanine (ALAT) transferases in plasma of rabbits that are infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). METHODS: The experiment was carried out with 12 male rabbits (White New Zealand), divided into two groups: experimental and control. Blood samples from each rabbit were taken before the euthanasia of v. auricularis externa as follows: at 3 months of age, coinciding with 0 hours before infection, and at 6, 24, 48, 72 hours and on days 7, 14 and 21 after S. aureus infection in sterile heparinized tubes. The AP, ASAT and ALAT were performed on a semi-automated biochemical analyzer, Section in Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. RESULTS: The results showed significant decreasing (P <0.05) of AP 48h after infection and on day 14 comparing to the control group(P<0,01), significant increasing of ALAT (P<0,01) comparingto the control group and pre-initial level and significant increasing of ASAT on day 14 and day 21 in the experimental group comparing initial level.

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Todorova, P., Ts Odzhakova, and V. Kafedzhiev. "Effect of supplement of selenium and iodine on biochemical status of sheep." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 26, no. 5-6 (2010): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1006347t.

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Trace element disbalance in animal organism can provoke different disease states in development of some internal organs. Degenerative processes are also related to increase of activity of some enzymes. Therefore the objective of this study was to follow the effect of the supplement of selenium and iodine on activity of some indicator enzymes. The study was conducted with sheep of Karakachan and Tsigai breeds that use mountain and high-mountain pastures of Central Rhodope Mountains. Biochemical status of sheep was studied at the end of grazing period through the analysis of the activities of the following indicator enzymes: Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Creatine phosphokinase (CpK), Cholesterol and Triglyceride.It was found that the supplement of 0.250 mg Se/kg and 0.10 mg J/kg exerted a positive influence on the biochemical status of Tsigai sheep, during which the activities of indicator enzymes ASAT, ALT, CpK, cholesterol and triglycerides returned to normal from 13% to 29%. Se and J supplementation in Karakachan sheep decreased the ALT and ASAT activity by 18% and 8%, respectively. The Karakachan sheep reacted to a smaller extent to the trace element supplement, as compared to the Tsigai breed.

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Zhivotovsky, Olena P., and Yulia A. Kuzovkina. "Response of Two Salix L. Species to Water Deficit." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.2.63.

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Abstract Physiological responses and growth of two Salix species — S. miyabeana and S. cinerea — were compared during one and two drought cycles. Photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) were determined for each species. The highest total biomass and root: shoot ratio were recorded for S. cinerea. After two drought cycles, S. cinerea had significantly higher Asat at wilting and recovery stages compared to S. miyabeana. In addition, after two drought cycles, the stem water potential and water use efficiency were higher in S. cinerea than in S. miyabeana. Based on the results obtained in this study, S. cinerea is more drought tolerant than S. miyabeana.

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Strobeyko, Adam. "Space for Change: The ASAT Tests in Outer Space in Light of the UN Liability Convention." Polish Review of International and European Law 8, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2019.8.1.04.

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As space exploration is gathering pace, special care must be attributed to preserving outer space as a shared environment that can be explored freely by humankind. Currently, there exists no comprehensive legal framework regulating the use of conventional weapons in outer space. This has been made evident by repeated tests of anti-satellite weapons (ASATs) which took place in the XXI century and produced massive amounts of debris, possibly interfering with the rights of other states to explore space freely. This article examines the rules provided by the UN Liability Convention and their application to ASAT tests in outer space. The author reviews academic suggestions in the field and concludes that a multilateral and comprehensive legal framework needs to be established in order to guarantee unrestrained exploration of space.

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Lepper and Dufour. "Erhöhte Transaminasen – wie weiter, wenn bereits alles gesucht wurde?" Praxis 98, no. 6 (March 1, 2009): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157.98.6.330.

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Transaminasen sowie γ-GT und alkalische Phosphatase (AP) werden im Allgemeinen als klassische Leberenzyme bezeichnet, kommen aber in fast jedem Organ vor. Eine Erhöhung der Transaminasen ALAT (Alanin-Aminotransferase oder GPT, Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase) und ASAT (Aspartat-Aminotransferase oder GOT, Glutamat-Oxalazetat-Transferase) zeigt eine Permeabilitätsstörung von Zellen an, die diese Enzyme enthalten. Während die ALAT weitgehend leberspezifisch ist, ist die ASAT z.B. auch in Skelett- und Herzmuskel vorhanden. Bei einer geringen Erhöhung dieser Enzyme ist zunächst eine Verlaufskontrolle angezeigt. Stammen die Transaminasen wahrscheinlich von einer Lebererkrankung und sind sie persistierend erhöht, so ist eine spezifische weitere Abklärung erforderlich. In diesem Manuskript diskutieren wir die häufig vergessenen Ursachen und beschreiben einen diagnostischen Algorithmus.

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Xu, Yansen, Bo Shang, Zhaozhong Feng, and Lasse Tarvainen. "Effect of elevated ozone, nitrogen availability and mesophyll conductance on the temperature responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters in poplar." Tree Physiology 40, no. 4 (February 6, 2020): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa007.

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Abstract Although ozone (O3) concentration and nitrogen (N) availability are well known to affect plant physiology, their impacts on the photosynthetic temperature response are poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by exposing seedlings of hybrid poplar clone ‘107’ (Populous euramericana cv. ‘74/76’) to elevated O3 (E-O3) and N availability variation in a factorial experiment. E-O3 decreased light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), mesophyll conductance (gm) and apparent maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax, based on intercellular CO2 concentration) but not actual Vcmax (based on chloroplast CO2 concentration) and increased respiration in light (Rd) at 25 °C. Nitrogen fertilization increased Asat, gm, Vcmax and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) and reduced Rd at 25 °C and the activation energy of actual Vcmax. No E-O3 or E-O3 x N interaction effects on the temperature response parameters were detected, simplifying the inclusion of O3 impacts on photosynthesis in vegetation models. gm peaked at 30 °C, apparent Vcmax and Jmax at 32–33 °C, while the optimum temperatures of actual Vcmax and Jmax exceeded the measured temperature range (15–35 °C). Ignoring gm would, thus, have resulted in mistakenly attributing the decrease in Asat at high temperatures to reduced biochemical capacity rather than to greater diffusion limitation.

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47

Sweet, William. "Navy and Army Initiate ASAT Programs, with Test Ban Lifted." Physics Today 42, no. 4 (April 1989): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2810973.

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Meredyth, Denise. "The Failure of Assessment: Critical Responses to the ASAT Debate." Australian Journal of Education 38, no. 1 (April 1994): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494419403800104.

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Critical educational commentary on the problem of assessment has attempted to apply political and philosophical coherence to a dispersed collection of problems, by representing the field as polarised by absolute oppositions of principle. This paper attempts to set aside these global formulations, arguing that they bear little relation to the more piecemeal elements of the problems endemic to the modern apparatus of assessment. Drawing on recent Foucaultian work on Australian education, it explores these arguments via a case study of debates on the Australian Scholastic Aptitude Test and gender equity in the Australian Capital Territory. The conundrums arising from this example are treated as suggestive of some limitations of current forms of educational critique.

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Henry, Miriam. "ASAT and the TE Score: A Critique of 'Objective Testing'." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 24, no. 2 (August 1988): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078338802400208.

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Cotton, F., M. Adler, J. Dumon, J.-M. Boeynaems, and B. Gulbis. "A Simple Method for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Measurement in Patients with Alcohol Abuse and Hepato-Gastrointestinal Diseases." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 35, no. 2 (March 1998): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329803500211.

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Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is known to be increased in alcohol abuse. Several methods were developed for its measurement (e.g. isoelectric focusing with Western blotting or immunofixation, anion-exchange chromatography followed by immunoassays). We describe a greatly simplified isoelectric focusing technique which does not require immunofixation. CDT results obtained with this method were compared to other biological markers of alcohol abuse, i.e. mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), in 55 patients distributed in three groups (i.e. healthy control subjects, control patients suffering from various hepato-gastrointestinal diseases and alcohol abusing patients). Sensitivity and specificity were 33 89%, 61–57%, 89–49% and 83–100% for MCV, ASAT, GGT and CDT, respectively. We conclude that our method is highly suitable for routine clinical use.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ASAT'

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