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Academic literature on the topic 'Arythmie – Génétique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arythmie – Génétique"
Thomas, C., P. Guicheney, and J. Lunardi. "Génétique moléculaire des arythmies cardiaques." La Revue de Médecine Interne 27, no. 3 (March 2006): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2005.10.012.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Arythmie – Génétique"
Probst, Vincent. "Approche génétique des pathologies cardiaques rythmiques et valvulaires." Nantes, 2005. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=c5c78ce7-39b2-467b-9c1a-f6d99ff02391.
Full textIn this thesis, we present the results of our work on the role of the genetic factors for cardiac arrhythmias and valvulopathies. Our work allowed the identification of the first gene responsible for progressive cardiac conduction defects (SCN5A). We have performed the electrophysiological characterisation of this mutation and the analysis of the genotype to phenotype relationships. We also present the study of several families affected by progressive cardiac conduction defects. One of these families, allow us to identify the third locus for this disease on the chromosome 16. We have also showed that the genotype to phenotype relationships for SCN5A mutations are complex as in one of the family the same mutation could lead to cardiac conduction defects or Brugada syndrome. We also present our works on myxomatous valvulopathies, which allow us to identify the first gene (Filamin A) for this disease. We also present a very large family affected by a classic and trileaflet form of calcific aortic valve stenosis
Gaborit, Nathalie. "Remodelage de l'expression des canaux ioniques cardiaques : rôle dans le phénotype électrophysiologique." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=61b15280-6f57-4a41-ac2a-edf03f0fdfe7.
Full textGene by gene approaches have shown that cardiac cells adapt their electrophysiological properties to physiological or pathological situations by modifying gene expression levels of ion channels. However, these approaches have only provided partial data. Today, genomics allows to investigate this remodeling in a global way. During my thesis I used genomic tools to determine which ion channels have a modified transcriptional regulation when exposed to external pressure. First, the distribution of ion channel gene expression in different regions of the human heart, and its modulation by gender, was evaluated. Secondly, ionic remodeling associated with atrial fibrillation, Brugada syndrome and heart failure was analyzed. Thus, I showed that transcriptional regulation of ion channels is systematic, that it concerns a large number of ion channels and particularly auxiliary sub-units, and finally that it is generally consistent with the electrophysiological properties of the cardiac cells. We therefore suggest that cells preferentially use ion channel transcription to adapt their electrophysiological properties. We have now to determine which transcription factors are implicated in channel regulation and what are the feed-back mechanisms between the electrophysiological phenotype of the cardiac cells and their transcription machinery
Le, Scouarnec Solena. "Génétique des cardiopathies rythmiques et dégénératives." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=57b6ae22-f35d-4dce-93d4-ccf28c23e1e3.
Full textMajor advances in genetics and pathophysiology of heart diseases have been achieved these last years using familial approaches and large cohort of patients. However these diseases are generally heterogeneous and molecular diagnosis is established in only 55 to 70% of cases for hereditary arrhythmias and is almost absent for valvular diseases and in particular for aortic valve affections. The first part of this work focused on primary arrhythmias responsible for sudden death on structurally normal hearts. In this field, my work showed the critical role of ankyrin-B in sinus node dysfunction and refined the knowledge of genotype-phenotype relations of ANK2 mutations. I also identified a first locus for a new malignant early repolarization syndrome, and a new gene, SCN1B, for Brugada syndrome and conduction disease. The second part of this work focused on calcific aortic valve stenosis, a disease with unknown etiology and probably age-related. By a genetic epidemiological approach, we identified familial forms of the disease and initiate genetic study of a large family of 48 patients. Characterization of the first gene of this disease is in progress
Barc, Julien. "Génétique des troubles de la repolarisation ventriculaire : nouveaux concepts." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f1bba90a-8592-47d3-8bee-6af0f6c6d4e6.
Full textSudden cardiac death (SD) without structural heart disease affects about 12 to 20000 individuals each year in Europe. These sudden deaths concern mostly young population who died of a primary cardiac arrhythmia. Several studies have been lead on mendelian forms at high risk of SD such as long QT syndrome (LQTS), short QT syndrome (SQTS) and Brugada syndrome (BrS). The identification of genes in LQTS allowed us to explain arrhythmia pathophysiology and a better management for patients. However molecular diagnosis stay lacking within 25% of LQTS patients. A pangenomic approach by CGH array shows 3 deletions in KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes, two of them concern KCNH2 gene, one take all of gene, the second is partial and was inherited in 6 patients on 3 generations. The SQTS is a rare and heterogeneous cardiopathy, 5 genes explain all of 8 cases reported today. A clinic and molecular study of new families affected by SQTS lead to identification of mutation in CACNA1C and SLC22A5 genes, suggesting a new molecular mechanism. Conversely of LQTS, a main gene (SCN5A) is associated with BrS. However SCN5A dot not constitute discerning marker for risk-stratification of SD. We evaluate the real implication of SCN5A gene in Brugada syndrome by 5 large families study in which the phenotype do not correlate with genotype. Our new molecular results suggest rather oligogenic model
Allouis, Marie. "Approches génétiques et moléculaires des pathologies du rythme cardiaque." Nantes, 2005. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=67b41238-695a-4d34-bd42-0f94229e00b2.
Full textLife-threatening cardiac arrhythmias represent a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders. Since 1995, several genes encoding mostly ionic channels have been identified but their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Starting from several families affected by either Brugada syndrome or atrial fibrillation, I have identified, using a linkage analysis approach, two new loci for these diseases. A similar approach performed on 2 families diagnosed with long QT syndrome associated with Marfan syndrome or atypical ventricular catecholaminergic tachycardia, allowed the identification of the disease mutation respectively in KCNH2 and RyR2 genes. Phenotypical heterogeneity combined with low penetrance in Brugada syndrome or with late onset of the disease in progressive cardiac conduction defect challenges classical familial-based linkage analysis. Since these two pathologies have been associated with mutations in SCN5A gene, we speculate that proteins associated with cardiac sodium channel are good candidates for these conditions. Using a two hybrid screening approach, I identified the 14-3-3 protein as a new SCN5A cytosolic partner. 14-3-3 is known to act as a chaperon and preliminary results indicate that its interaction with SCN5A alters the voltage-sensitivity of the Na+ channel. Molecular screening of this new partner but also the still non-identified proteins should allow a better understanding and handling of cardiac arrhythmias
Bignolais, Olivier. "Plasticité et remodelage électriques cardiaques : rôle de la régulation transcriptionnelle des canaux ioniques." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT35VS.
Full textGenomic approaches have shown that the cardiac cells adapt their electrophysiological properties to physiological or pathological situations by modifying gene expression levels of networks of the ionic channels sub-units. These modifications are generally consistent with the electrophysiological properties of the cardiac cells. However, the fundamental mechanisms implicated in this transcriptional regulation are not much known. Today, our integrative approach allows investigating this question in a global way. During my thesis, I used genomic and bioinformatic tools to identify the transcription factors implicated in the regulation of the ionic channels. First, the distribution of transcription factor and ion channel gene expression was correlated in different regions of the mouse and human heart. Secondly, transcription factor genes expressions associated with ionic remodeling and early ventricular arrhythmias in a murin model of complete atrioventricular block were analyzed. Further to bioinformatic analysis, I could propose transcription factors candidates for the channel regulation essential in cardiac electrical function in physiological and pathological conditions. The perspectives of this job are to validate relations between the transcription factors and the ionic channels as well as to determine what are the feed-back mechanisms between the electrophysiological phenotype of the cardiac cells and their transcription machinery
Caillier, Bertrand. "Effets modulateurs du diabète, de l'obésité et de la génétique sur l'électrophysiologie des médicaments prolongeant l'intervalle QT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28614/28614.pdf.
Full textVincent, Yohann. "Étude électrophysiologique de canalopathies d’origine génétique causant des troubles du rythme cardiaque." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10152/document.
Full textThe EA4612 unit of the University Lyon 1 focuses on the pathophysiology of heart rhythm disorders, especially hereditary. We studied ion channel gene mutations discovered in heterozygote patients with long QT syndrome or sinus bradycardia and atrial fibrillation.The R148W mutation of the hERG gene decreases the maximum current by 29%. In a mathematical model, this lengthens the duration of the ventricular action potential, which could account for long QT phenotype of the patients. The F627L mutation of the hERG gene is in the center of the ion selectivity filter (GFG) of the hERG protein. It causes a loss of the ionic selectivity of the current, the inactivating property and sensitivity to specific blockers. Thus, the presence of this aromatic group of the side chain seems to be essential to the maintenance of the channel properties. The mutation Q1476R in the SCN5A gene causes a gain-of-function of the persistent sodium current. In a model of human ventricular heart cells, we show an intracellular sodium overload that can protect against the lengthening of the duration of the ventricular action potential. The D600E mutation of the HCN4 gene accelerates deactivation, which could cause bradycardia. Moreover, the mutation abolishes the response to the suppression of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The V501M mutation of the HCN4 gene causes a total loss of current in the homozygous state. In the heterozygous state, the average amplitude of the current is unchanged from the WT. However, a negative shift of the activation curve would account for bradycardia in patients
Chatel, Stéphanie. "Anomalies de la repolarisation cardiaque et troubles de la conduction chez l'enfant : identification de nouveaux gènes." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT32VS.
Full textSudden cardiac death on structurally normal heart affects nearly 20 000 individuals each year in Europe. These sudden deaths concern mostly young people who died from a primary cardiac arrhythmia. Among these sudden deaths, several are hereditary as early repolarization syndrome, Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome and congenital auriculoventricular block. Molecular studies are lead on these cardiac diseases. My work was to identify molecular basis of theses syndromes. My research identified the first gene (KCNJ8) involved in the early repolarization syndrome and highlight genetic heterogeneity of this syndrome. My work has also demonstrated the role of a new gene, TRPM4, in Brugada syndrome and congenital auriculoventricular block (AVB), raising the overlapping nature of these pathologies. Finally, after a genome wide association study, my work has enabled the detection of rare variants in genes associated with the QT interval duration in a population of patients with long QT syndrome
Kattygnarath, Tiao Darouna. "Nouveaux aspects génétiques et physiopathologiques du syndrome de brugada." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066335.
Full textBrugada syndrome (BrS) is an autosomal dominant arrhythmia with ST-segment elevation on the ECG, and a high risk of sudden death. This channelopathy is mainly caused by an inherited dysfunction of cardiac sodium channel Nav1. 5, and more rarely potassium channel Kv4. 3. However, its origin is unknown for 75% of patients. By a gene-candidate strategy and a functional patch clamp study, we characterized two new genes predisposing to BrS, MOG1 and DLG1, encoding proteins MOG1and SAP97 respectively. The MOG1 protein, partner of Nav1. 5, regulates its function and membrane expression. We detected a variant E83D in a symptomatic patient with a BrS-ECG that in vitro: (1) causes a loss-of-function of Nav1. 5 by reducing their membrane expression, and (2) has a dominant negative effect on the wild type MOG1 protein. In addition, the silencing of endogenous MOG1 reduced sodium current INa. The protein SAP97 is a partner of both channels Kv4. 3 and Nav1. 5, and regulates their function and targeting in specialized domains of the cardiomyocyte. We detected two missense variants S104R and T697I in two unrelated BrS patients. In vitro, these two variants induce a Kv4. 3 gain-of-function by increasing the potassium current Ito, combined with a Nav1. 5 loss-of-function by reducing the sodium current INa. Further experiments are in progress to explain the mechanism. In conclusion, we report for the first time mutations in MOG1 and DLG1 genes associated with BrS, highlighting the crucial role of these partner proteins in this disease