Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arylation coupling'
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Corrie, Thomas James Alexander. "Intramolecular direct arylation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28820.
Full textSagnes, Charlène. "Synthèse, marquage TEP et validation de nouveaux radiopharmaceutiques des récepteurs sérotoninergiques 5-HT6 et 5-HT7." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10272.
Full textSerotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter involved in many physiological functions (thermoregulation, memory, sleep, mood ...). The plurality of disorders caused by a serotonergic dysfunction due to the large number of receptors involved (5-HT1 to 5-HT7, divided themselves into sub-groups). Among them, the 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 are the last to be identified. To date, although their biological roles remain unknown, they appear to be involved in some psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia ...) and could represent new therapeutic targets. Thus, initially, a bibliographic study will present all the serotonin receptors and detail work on the 5-HT6 and 5-HT7. The second part will be devoted to the synthesis of potential ligands of 5-HT7 and the study of structure-related activity. The exemplification of a reaction of C2-arylation of indole catalyzed by copper will be the third party. The fourth part will be devoted to the synthesis of antagonists ligands known of 5-HT6 receptors in order to use them as potential radiotracers. This part also describes the synthesis of novel potential ligands of these receptors. Finally, preliminary results of radiosynthesis and their application PET (Positron Emission Tomography) are exposed
Chou, Yajie. "Complexes de palladium-NHC atropisomériques : design, synthèse et applications en catalyse asymétriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDM0012.
Full textThe performances of palladium-based catalysts in various cross-coupling reactions have attracted an ever-growing attention since the seventies and the development of enantioselective versions was the subject of intensive research. In this field, monodentate auxiliary N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) ligands possessing robust σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting properties confer to the metal excellent reactivities. NHCs ligands are referred as smart ligands, because their electronic and steric properties can be finely tuned to specific catalytic transformations. Therefore, chiral NHC-Pd complexes are a class of chiral catalysts that have developed rapidly in the recent decades. Nevertheless, new catalysts with enhanced reactivity and enantioselectivities are required as only few applications are actually developed in the industry. The goal of my Ph.D. was the investigated of a new design of chiral NHC-Pd complexes and their application to explore new catalytic transformations. The first chapter is focused on carbene chemistry as ligands of transition metals with main achievements reported in the literature. Chemical properties of NHCs have been also reviewed. In this chapter, the different designs of chiral NHC ligands for palladium-based catalysis reported in the literature as well as their applications in enantioselective catalysis have been also surveyed. Finally, previous studies on chiral NHC-palladium complexes in our laboratory are presented in order to define the objectives and issues of my Ph.D. work. In the second chapter of this manuscript, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the catalysts developed in our group, with the goal of simplifying the synthesis steps and improving the catalytic activity. As a result, some novel NHC-Pd complexes with axial chirality were designed and synthesized by known synthetic methods. The synthesized C2-symmetric NHC-Pd complexes were first attempted to separate diastereomers by silica gel column chromatography to remove meso compounds. Subsequently, heterochiral complexes were resolved in enantiomerically pure form by preparative-scale chiral HPLC. Finally, the catalytic reactivity and enantiomeric inductions of these highly enantiomerically pure chiral NHC-Pd catalysts were evaluated in the benchmark reaction: α-amide arylation of amides. Up to good chiral inductions were reached.In the third chapter, novel palladium-catalyzed transformations were investigated and developed with the new chiral Pd-NHC complexes previously established in the laboratory. After the optimization of reaction conditions and the screening of several catalysts, we found that these new catalysts can achieve good chiral induction in the α-arylation of ketones. We also tried NHC-Pd catalyzed hydrogenation, although the reaction did not lead to noticeable results. Kumada coupling reactions were also studied to synthesize planar-chiral metacyclophanes. Various chiral metacyclophanes have been prepared and their configurational stabilities have been investigated. Finally, optimal reaction conditions have been identified allowing to carry this asymmetric reaction with good results in terms of both reactivity and enantioselectivity
Cortes-Salva, Michelle Yolanda. "Guanidines, Amidines and Carbamides as Novel Sigma Receptor Ligands for Post-Stroke Therapeutics." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3049.
Full textHachem, Mahmoud. "Hétéroarylation et arylation des éthers d'énol par couplages directs catalytiques impliquant des liaisons C-CO² H et C-H." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR128.
Full textTo date, one of the challenges in the development of catalytic direct couplings of [CH / C-CO2H] and [CH / CH] type is the functionalization of molecules, with high synthetic value, having a high potential of development in the goal of increasing structural and functional diversity. Enol ethers are part of this class of structural motifs; however, till now, no economical and selective functionalization method have been developed. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop a selective (hetero)arylation strategy of α-carboxyvinyl ether by direct dehydrogenative CH/ CH or decarboxylative C-H / C-CO2H cross coupling using α-alkoxy cinnamics acid and α-etheroxyacrylates as coupling partners. The first chapter has been focused on the development of the first methodology for the preparation of gem-heteroaryl enol ethers based on the engagement of α-alkoxylated cinnamic acids in the direct coupling of [C-CO2H / C-H] type under cooperative Pd(0) / Cu(I) catalysis. This methodology gave access to the α-enolizable 2-ketoheteroarenes after modulation of the enol ether function, and these were then valorized to give the 2,4'-bis-azole systems that are present in the natural polypeptides. The second and third chapters have focused on the study of β-functionalization of enol ethers by direct and selective Pd-catalyzed coupling of ethyl α-etheroxyacrylates according to two strategies: (1) Myers’s type decarboxylative Heck coupling [C-H / C-CO2H] with benzoic acid derivative and (2) Fujiwara-Moritani’s type [C-H / C-H] oxidative coupling
Scafuri, Nicola. "Ligand electronic influence in Pd-catalysed C-C coupling processes." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCM0012/document.
Full textThe main objective of the present thesis is to get a better understanding of the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, using the tools of computational chemistry. In particular, a detailed mechanistic study of all the possible reaction paths was carried out with different supporting ligands at palladium (phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes) in order to understand the elctronic influence of the latter on the three main steps : oxidative addition, transmetalation and reductive elimination. To probe the electronic influence of the ligands, the well-known Natural Bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the innovative Charge Displacement via Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence (NOCV) were used. In addition, two computational studies of Pd-catalyzed transformations were carried out in collaboration with some experimental groups : hydrophosphonylation of alkenes and direct arylation of fluorinated substrated aromatic rings. The main purpose of these studies was to identify the factors at the origin of the regioselectivity observed
Naas, Mohammed. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation de nouveaux dérivés d’indazoles à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2009/document.
Full textAccess to new biologically active compounds requires the development of new rapid and efficient methods for the synthesis of original heterocyclic scaffolds. In this context, we decided to focus particularly on the reactivity of indazoles. First, we studied the selectivity of Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to functionalize position 3 of the indazole with the free NH function. Indeed, we have described the first example of the direct and regioselective palladium-catalyzed (hetero)arylation of indazoles, the reaction may be induced to occur at either in position 3 and 7. We then showed the possibility of "one-pot" synthesis of disubstituted indazolic entities. Moreover, in order to increase diversity around the indazole scaffold, we developed a direct and regioselective alkenylation of (2H)- and (1H)-indazoles by oxidative palladium catalyzed at the C-3 and C-7, then we envisaged a three staps synthesis of Gamendazole, molecule currently in clinical phase for male contraception, by using the direct alkenylation at C3 of the suitably functionalized (1H)-indazoles. The last part of this report was dedicated to the preparation of indazoles containing a sulphonamide function, with the aim of biological testing them as potentially anti-cancer candidates
Millet, Anthony. "Alpha-, beta-, gamma-fonctionnalisation sélective de N-Boc-amines : extension du couplage migratoire palladocatalysé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10269.
Full textSince several years, the emergence of terms such as atom- and step-economy, or the need for the development of rapid and efficient synthetic methods have taken an important place in chemistry. In this context, the transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization of unactivated carbonhydrogen bonds has emerged as a powerful tool and an important field of research. In 2010, the development of the β arylation of esters has initiated a new perspective in our laboratory, and has been at the origin of the research described in this manuscript on the selective C(sp3)–H functionalization of amines at α, β and γ positions. The work performed during this Ph.D. project is related to the Negishi cross-coupling reaction (co-laureate of Chemistry Nobel prize in 2010), an important method for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Three different aspects are explored in this manuscript. The first one deals with the development of the palladium-catalyzed β -arylation of N-Boc-piperidines, which highlights the importance of ligand flexibility to control the α- vs. β- arylation selectivity. The second part focuses on the selective α - and β -functionalization of acyclic N-Boc-amines, which required to reinvestigate the directed lithiation of acyclic amines and to synthesize new biarylphosphines possessing greater flexibility. A kinetic analysis of each individual step from the lithiation to the α -arylation was performed by in situ IR spectroscopy, and proved an efficient method to gain further mechanistic insights. Finally, we have developed a selective γ - arylation reaction of allylamines, which represents a new extension of the Negishi cross-coupling for the C–H functionalization of alkylamines, and allows a direct access to valuable γ -arylamines and β - arylaldehydes
Liang, Yong. "Novel Approaches for the Synthesis of C-5 Modified Pyrimidine Nucleosides." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1591.
Full textLoubidi, Mohammed. "Synthèse et réactivité de bicycles imidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles et imidazo[1,5- a]imidazoles à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2037.
Full textThe imidazo-imidazoles bicycles have received special attention among other nitrogen cycles due to their biologically interesting properties exploited in the medicine manufacturing. The imidazo-imidazole scaffold is one of the most representative nitrogen containing heterocycle, as it plays a significant role and possesses a major interest in drug synthesis and functionalization. In this work we report firstly a synthetic pathway to novel imidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles candidates for CKD inhibitors. Secondly we develop two strategies to prepareimidazo[1,5-a]imidazoles and their reactivity via pallado-catalyzed reactions. Finally, we disclose a fast and an efficient access to imidazo[1,5-a]imidazoles by using the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction (GBB), followed by a palladium catalysed intramolecular cyclization, affording thus new tetracyclic products with an elevated degree of molecular diversity
Trejos, Alejandro. "Palladium-Catalysed Couplings in Organic Synthesis : Exploring Catalyst-Presenting Strategies and Medicinal Chemistry Applications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för organisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173068.
Full textThe time 12:05 for the public defense mentioned in the thesis is incorrect. It will take place at 09:15, 2012-06-08.
Martin, Thibaut. "Etude de nouvelles méthodologies d'hétéroarylation directe de liaison C-Het C-Br en série thiazolique : application à la synthèse de coeurs thiazolylpyridiniques des thiopeptides de la série d." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577166.
Full textLassalas, Pierrik. "Étude de nouvelles méthodologies d’arylation directe en séries azole et pyridine : Application à la synthèse de coeurs de thiopeptides antibiotiques de la série d." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0024/document.
Full textDue to the emergence of multiresistant bacterial strains to standard antibacterial treatments, thiopeptides antibiotics are actually highly considered, though they are known for 60 years. They show an excellent antibiotic activity against multiresistant bacterial strains, and implement two originals inhibition mechanisms of protein synthesis, still unemployed in human therapy. However, the difficulty to prepare these complex macromolecules limits their pharmacological development. The development of a new strategy to synthetize the most complicated part of these macromolecules, their heterocyclic core, is studied here in. This approach is based on the study and the exploitation of novel direct C-H and C-X transition-metal-catalyzed couplings of mono- and bithiazoles units with a broad panel of heteroaromatics. Its viability is here demonstrated trough the multi-step synthesis of the common heterocyclic core of amythiamicins
Tomakinian, Terry. "Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse de benzofuroindolines. Vers la synthèse de la phalarine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS031.
Full textBenzofuroindolines are a family of compounds which can be found in two regioisomeric forms: benzofuro[2,3-b]indolines or benzofuro[3,2-b]indolines. This core is present in several natural products such as bipleiophylline, voacalgine A, diazonamide A or phalarine which have been the subject of intensive efforts towards their syntheses. The postulated biogenesis is the oxidative coupling of an indole and a phenol. We developed four pathways to access these structures using the indole nucleus.The first part consisted in a direct oxidative coupling between a N-acetylindole and a phenol in presence of FeCl₃ and DDQ. This strategy showed its generality on N-acetylindoles derivatives to form in only one step the benzofuro[3,2-b]indoline core. In some cases, the benzofuro[2,3-b]indoline is obtained if the substitution in the C-2 and C-3 position is the same. In order to synthesize the phalarine, the unique natural product to possess a benzofuro[3,2-b]indoline core, we designed a C-2 arylation of an indole with a phenol using a palladium-catalyzed coupling. The cyclization steps using NIS led to the benzofuro[3,2-b]indoline core. The insertion of the missing carbon of one of the rings is under study by adding a nucleophile which contains only one carbon and a leaving group. The last strategy to access to benzofuro[3,2-b]indolines has been focused on an interrupted Fischer indolization. The reaction between benzofuran-3-ones and arylhydrazines in acidic conditions led to the desired benzofuro[3,2-b]indolines. This methodology is general and robust. Another part of the project was to achieve the Umpolung of the indole to add nucleophiles in C-3 position of the indole nucleus. N-hydroxyindoles were synthesized and the use of biaryliodonium triflate salts allowed an O-arylation reaction. The product being unstable, a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement can take place to afford the desired benzofuro[2,3-b]indolines
Börger, Carsten, Olga Kataeva, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "Novel approach to biscarbazole alkaloids via Ullmann coupling – synthesis of murrastifoline-A and bismurrayafoline-A." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139195.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
Bheeter, Charles Beromeo. "Palladium-catalysed C-H bond activation for simpler access to ArSO₂R derivatives." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S171.
Full textDuring this Ph.D. period, we were interested in the C-H bonds activation catalysed by palladium catalysts for the preparation of biaryls units bearing SO₂R group. Many biological compounds present a SO₂R function and thus we chose to activate this family of substrates. This method is considered as cost effective and environmentally attractive compared to other types of couplings such as Suzuki, Stille, or Negishi. First, we demonstrated that it is possible to apply C-H bond activation method for the direct arylation of thiophene derivatives bearing a SO₂R substituent. We then established palladium-catalysed system for the selective C2 arylation of N-tosylpyrrole derivatives. We found that N-tosylpyrrole is more reactive than free NH-pyrrole. We also studied the direct arylation of heteroarenes using bromobenzenes bearing SO₂R substituents either at C2 or C4 via palladium-catalysed C-H activation. This method provides a simpler access to substituted SO₂R derivatives. Finally we developed the first palladium-catalysed dehydrogenative sp³ C-H bond functionalization/activation of N-alkyl-benzenesulfonamides to produce N-alkenyl-benzenesulfonamides. The reaction proceeds with easily accessible ligand-free Pd(OAc)₂ catalyst for aryl bromides bearing electron-withdrawing groups or PdCl(C₃H₅)(dppb) catalyst for aryl bromides with electron-donating substituents. We found that the reaction tolerates a variety of substituents both on nitrogen and on the bromobenzene moiety
Börger, Carsten, Olga Kataeva, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "Novel approach to biscarbazole alkaloids via Ullmann coupling – synthesis of murrastifoline-A and bismurrayafoline-A." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27811.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
Cohen, Potier de Courcy Anita. "Synthèse et évaluation antiparasitaire de nouveaux dérivés du thiazole et apparentés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5503.
Full textThe objective of this work consists of the synthesis and the antiparasitic in vitro evaluation of new thiazole derivatives and related structures. Several synthetic strategies aiming at the pharmacomodulation on mono- and polycyclic series have been studied: in 2-methyl-5-nitrothiazole series, the anti-Trichomonas pharmacomodulation on position 4 by SRN1 strategy did not improve the activity previously demonstrated in 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole series, but led to derivatives displaying a selective in vitro antiproliferative activity toward the HepG2 cell line. In 4-arylsulfonylmethyl-2-methylthiazole series, the pharmacomodulation on position 5, by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction on the one hand, and by direct arylation and intramolecular Knoevenagel reaction on the other hand, led to mono- and polycyclic derivatives among which some displayed an encouraging in vitro antiplasmodial activity. In 5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one series, a double Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction revealed that the phenyl group on position 6 contributes to the antiplasmodial effect of this series. Finally, the in vitro biological evaluation of the thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one scaffold let to characterize the pharmacophore responsible for the significant antiplasmodial activity. Some preliminary encouraging results regarding a mechanistic antiplasmodial study show the specific inhibition of plasmodial kinases, as a potential mechanism of action of some of these compounds
Cohen, Potier de Courcy Anita. "Synthèse et évaluation antiparasitaire de nouveaux dérivés du thiazole et apparentés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5503.
Full textThe objective of this work consists of the synthesis and the antiparasitic in vitro evaluation of new thiazole derivatives and related structures. Several synthetic strategies aiming at the pharmacomodulation on mono- and polycyclic series have been studied: in 2-methyl-5-nitrothiazole series, the anti-Trichomonas pharmacomodulation on position 4 by SRN1 strategy did not improve the activity previously demonstrated in 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole series, but led to derivatives displaying a selective in vitro antiproliferative activity toward the HepG2 cell line. In 4-arylsulfonylmethyl-2-methylthiazole series, the pharmacomodulation on position 5, by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction on the one hand, and by direct arylation and intramolecular Knoevenagel reaction on the other hand, led to mono- and polycyclic derivatives among which some displayed an encouraging in vitro antiplasmodial activity. In 5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one series, a double Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction revealed that the phenyl group on position 6 contributes to the antiplasmodial effect of this series. Finally, the in vitro biological evaluation of the thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one scaffold let to characterize the pharmacophore responsible for the significant antiplasmodial activity. Some preliminary encouraging results regarding a mechanistic antiplasmodial study show the specific inhibition of plasmodial kinases, as a potential mechanism of action of some of these compounds
Goutierre, Anne-Sophie. "Fonctionnalisation C(sp3)-H intermoléculaire par catalyse au palladium : étude de couplages migratoires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10220.
Full textThe direct functionalization of C-H bonds is one of the most attractive research subjects today because it constitutes an atom- and step-economical alternative to more traditional synthetic methods. In spite of the significant challenges due to the low reactivity of C-H bonds and their abundance in organic molecules, homogeneous transition metal catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for their selective transformation. The palladium-catalyzed β-arylation of esters, recently developed in our group, takes advantage of the weakness of the C-H bond α to this group to generate a palladium enolate. The latter can be engaged into a migrative pathway, giving rise to the desired product with a selectivity depending on the aryl bromide and the ligand. The work detailed within this manuscript describes an extension of this methodology to amino esters, which gives rise in only two steps from simple benzylated alanine to a broad range of phenylalanine analogues and useful intermediates to bioactive natural molecules. Following this work, developments of this reaction have led us to consider α-bromo carbonyls as precursors of palladium enolates, leading to the formation of α,β-unsaturated species than can undergo (1,4)-addition reactions. Then, in order to better understand the limitations of our reaction, we have investigated the role of the phosphine ligand by isolating Pd complexes which model key intermediates of the catalytic cycle. Finally, running away from carbonyl compounds, migrative couplings have been explored through a Negishi-type arylation between aryl bromides and alkylzinc species, generated by zinc insertion into alkyl bromides. This reaction gives a very good selectivity in favor of the linear product and can be applied to numerous aryls, but is unfortunately limited so far to a small number of alkylzinc compounds
Eriksson, Ludvig. "Transition Metal Mediated Transformations of Carboranes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Organic Chemistry, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3324.
Full textThis thesis describes the use of copper and palladium to mediate transformations of carboranes, especially p-carborane.
1-(1-p-carboranyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-butyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide, a carborane containing analogue of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligand PK11195, has been synthesised. A key step in the reaction is the copper (I) mediated coupling of p-carborane with ethyl 1-bromo-isoquinoline-3-carboxylate.
p-Carborane has been arylated on the 2-B-atom in high yields, using the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. Thus the reaction between 2-I-p-carborane and various arylboronic acids [1-naphthyl-, phenyl-, 4-MeO-C6H4-, 3-CH3CONH-C6H4-, 4-NC-C6H4-, 3-NO2-C6H4-], gave the corresponding 2-aryl-p-carboranes in DME solution when reacted in the presence of cesium fluoride and the catalytic Pd2(dba)3–dppb system. Under the same conditions, the boron-boron bond forming reaction of two p-carboranylboronic esters (2-[(pinacolato)boron]-p-carborane and 2-[(neopentyl glycolato)boron]-p-carborane) was also shown feasible.
p-Carborane has been vinylated on the 2-B-atom in high yields by use of the Heck reaction. The coupling between 2-I-p-carborane and various styrenes [4-H-, 4-C6H4-, 4-Cl , 4-Br-, 4-NO2-, 4-CH3O- and 4 CH3 ] resulted in the formation of the correspondingtrans-β-(2-B-p-carboranyl) styrene in DMF solution when reacted in the presence of silver phosphate and the palladacycle Herrmann´s catalyst. The reaction was shown to proceed at higher rate with electron rich than with electron deficient olefins.
The feasibility of palladium-catalysed isotopic exchange of an iodinated closo-carborane with a radioisotope of iodine has been studied. 2-I-p-carborane was selected as a model compound. It was shown, that such isotopic exchange is possible and provides a high yield (83 ± 4.2 %) during 40 min long reaction. The reaction conditions were optimised, and it was demonstrated that presence of the tetra n-butylammonium hydrogensulphate is important in order to stabilise catalyst and provide reproducibility of labelling. In this work we have modified the methodology and extended the application to a wider range of iodinated carboranes. By the use of Herrmann’s catalyst in toluene at 100 °C this [125I]-iodide labelling could be improved and extended. 2-I-p- 9-I-m-, 9-I-o-, 3-I-o-carborane, 1-phenyl-3-I-o-carborane and 1,2-diphenyl-3-I-o-carborane could be [125I]-iodide labelled in high to excellent yields within 5 minutes.This reported palladium catalyzed radio-iodination of the uncharged closo-carboranes might find use in pharmacokinetic studies of carborane derivatives.
Stridfeldt, Elin. "Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Metal-Free Arylations and Vinylations : Investigation of Suitable Coupling Partners and Synthesis of New Reagents." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för organisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141580.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.
Dwadnia, Nejib. "Ligands ferrocéniqes hybrides (P, N) : synthèse, coordination aux métaux et applications en catalyse de couplage d'arylation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK050/document.
Full textThe research theme developed during this thesis concerns the development of new hybrid ferrocene hybrid (P, N) ligands with controlled conformation, robust and stable to air. These hybrid tetradent ligands comprise two types of coordinating functions with distinct steric and electronic properties. Their coordination chemistry with metals such as gold or palladium has been studied and some isolated Au (I) complexes have been used in the arylation coupling catalysis of aryl iodides
Blons, Charlie. "Complexes organométalliques d'or(III) et de cuivre(III) et leur réactivité vis-à-vis des substrats π." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30248/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the synthesis of Au(III) and Cu(III) compounds and the study of their stability and reactivity toward p substrates. An experimental and theoretical approach has been used in order to access complexes capable of undergoing migratory insertion processes. The first chapter delivers a bibliographic overview of the organometallic chemistry of gold and copper. The importance of the high oxidation state +III is highlighted by the description of important examples having contributed to the understanding of processes associated to the access and reactivity of Au(III) and Cu(III) complexes. The second chapter describes the synthesis of two p-arene Au(III) complexes by migratory insertion of olefins in the Au-C(sp)2 bond of a (P,C) cyclometallated complex. Interactions between the metallic center and the aromatic systems have been characterized by NMR, DFT and XRD for one of the complexes. Based on this insertion reactivity, a process of direct arylation of ethylene has been evidenced. The third chapter concerns the development of an intermolecular hydroarylation of alkynes process, catalyzed by [(P,C)Au(III)(OAcF)2] complexes. These have shown great activity and robustness in presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The reaction has been generalized to a broad substrate scope and a comparative study has been carried on, especially with (N,C) cyclometallated complexes, showing the superiority of (P,C) complexes for the hydroarylation of alkynes. The fourth chapter presents the envisioned strategy to develop a copper-catalyzed oligomerization of ethylene process. A predictive approach based on DFT calculations permitted to evidence easier migratory insertions in the Cu(III)-C bond than in the Cu(I)-C bond. Two strategies for the access to Cu(III) species have been theoretically evaluated. The most favourable calculations have oriented the choice of ligand models used in chapters five and six. The fifth chapter deals with the experimental study related to the first strategy of access to Cu(III) species: the directed intramolecular oxidative addition by peri-iodo napthylphosphine and naphthylamine ligands. [...]
PUGLISI, ANTONIO. "Quinones in asymmetric arylation and biaryl coupling." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1062383.
Full textWheelhouse, Richard T., and D.-F. Shi. "Novel, High-yielding Synthesis of meso-Substituted Porphyrins via the Direct Arylation of Porphine." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3620.
Full textA new method for the synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins is described: reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrabromoporphine magnesium complex with aryl or heteroaryl boronic acids in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 gave meso-substituted porphyrins in yields up to 70%.
Geary, Laina Michelle. "A diversity-oriented approach to the palladium-catalyzed modular assembly of conjugated compounds and heterocycles: high-value compounds from trichloroethylene." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4381.
Full textFriedman, Adam Alexander. "Rhodium and Palladium Catalysed Domino Reactions of Alkenyl Pyridines and Alkenyl Pyrazines." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42841.
Full textLi, Da. "Transition metal-free desulfinative cross-coupling of 2-pyridyl sulfonates with organolithium reagents : mild access to 2-substituted pyridines." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25438.
Full textBiaryl compounds containing the pyridine moiety represent a ubiquitous structure in both organic and medicinal chemistry. Therefore, finding new and reliable approaches for their synthesis is still of interest. Traditionally, azine containing biaryls are efficiently synthesized via transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. However, due to its π-deficient nature, pyridine cannot be easily functionalized at the C-2 position to serve as nucleophile partner. For examples, in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, 2-pyridyl boronates are well known for their instability. 2-Pyridyl organometallics undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution poorly. Thus, the synthesis of 2-substituted pyridines remains a challenging task. The first part of the thesis focuses on the recent methods to address the coupling issues of 2-pyridyl nucleophiles in cross-coupling reactions. Of note, the classical methods including Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation of N-activated pyridinium species, and direct coupling reaction of pyridine are presented. Alternative approaches using the pyridine moiety as an electrophilic entity in the coupling with organometallic reagents are also discussed. In the second part of the thesis, a transition metal-free desulfinative cross-coupling reaction of 2-pyridyl sulfonates with organolithium reagents is reported. A variety of 2-substituted pyridines were successfully synthesized in good yields, by treatment of neopentyl 2-pyridyl sulfonates and phenyl 2-pyridyl sulfonate with aryl, alkyl, and heteroaryl-lithium reagents at low temperature. Mechanistic studies showed that the coupling reaction with lithium reagents undergoes an SNAr pathway. However, a ligand coupling process of a σ-sulfurane intermediate may be involved in the reaction with Grignard reagents to form the biaryl.
Huang, Hao-ping, and 黃皓平. "Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Direct Ortho Arylation of 4-Methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines via Suzuki-Miyaura Type C-H Bond Activation/C-C Bond Coupling." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33597258074376514286.
Full text國立中山大學
化學系研究所
101
The direct ortho arylation of 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines via palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation is described. Treatment of 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine with potassium aryltrifluoroborate using ten mol % of Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst, two equivalents of copper (II) acetate as the oxidant and one equivalent of p-benzoquinone in tert-butyl alcohol gave the ortho-arylated products in modest to excellent yields. This reaction shows good functional group compatibility. A series of controlled experiments and 1H NMR titration experiments for the reaction were carried out. The key intermediate, 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine palladacycle was isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. A rational mechanism for the catalytic reaction is presented. The advanced transformations of ortho phenylated 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine to N-(4-methylpyridine-2-yl)-9H-carbazole, biphenyl-2-amine, and 3-methyl-6-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]-benzimidazole were successfully demonstrated.
Kempe, Fabian. "Exploiting Substituent Effects to Control the Mechanochromic Response of Spiropyran-containing Copolymers." 2020. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74725.
Full textGaykar, Rahul Nivrutti. "Extending Aryne Chemistry: Application to Insertion Reactions, Multicomponent Couplings, Molecular Rearrangements and Arylation Reactions." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5656.
Full textPotukuchi, Harish Kumar. "Catalytic syntheses and copper- or ruthenium-catalyzed direct C H bond arylations of (hetero)arenes." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B0A3-7.
Full textProulx, Caroline. "Méthodologie pour la synthèse combinatoire d’azapeptides: application à la synthèse d’analogues aza-GHRP-6 en tant que ligands du récepteur CD36." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8887.
Full textAzapeptides are peptide mimics in which the CH alpha in one or more amino acids has been replaced with a nitirogen atom. Such a modification tends to induce beta turn conformations in peptides, because of the consequences of lone–pair lone–pair repulsion between the two adjacent nitrogens and the planar geometry of the urea in the semicarbazide moiety. Furthermore, the semicarbazide increases protease resistance and is chemically more stable than its amide counterpart. Despite the potential advantages of using azapeptides mimics, their synthesis has been hampered by the solution-phase construction of substituted hydrazines prior to their incorporation into peptide sequences. Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide 6 sequence (GHRP-6, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) is a synthetic hexapeptide that binds to two distinct receptor: the Growth Hormone Secretatgogue Receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and the Cluster of Differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor. The body of my Ph.D thesis has been generally targeted towards two objectives: (a) the development of azapeptide analogs of GHRP-6 with enhanced receptor selectivity and (b) the elaboration of a new synthetic approach for combinatorial submonomer azapeptide synthesis. In response to the first objective, 49 aza-GHRP-6 derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for receptor binding and biological activity. From this library, certain candidates were identified which exhibited decreased affinity for the GHS-R1a receptor with maintained affinity for the CD36 receptor. Furthermore, in studying their anti-angiogenic properties, our collaborators have identified aza-GHRP-6 analogs, which caused a marked decrease in microvascular sprouting in choroid explants, as well as another displaying potential to increase angiogenesis. A new approach for the combinatorial synthesis of azapeptides was developed to better conduct SAR studies using azapeptides. This method features the chemoselective alkylation and deprotection of a resin-bound semicarbazone building block. The scope of the methodology was further expanded by the development of reaction conditions for the chemoselective N-arylation of this semicarbazone residue, yielding 13 aza-GHRP-6 derivatives with aza-arylglycines residues at the D-Trp2 and Trp4 positions. The elaboration of a methodology based on the chemoselective alkylation and deprotection of a semicarbazone has allowed for greater aza-amino acid side chain diversity, enabling for example, the efficient incorporation of aza-propargylglycine residues into peptide sequences. Considering the reactivity of alkynes, we developed reaction conditions for in situ formation of aromatic azides, followed by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction on solid support to yield aza-1-aryl,2,3-triazole-3-alanine residues as tryptophan mimics. Seven aza-GHRP-6 analogs were synthesized and subsequently tested for binding to the CD36 receptor by our collaborators. Moreover, the coupling reaction between an aza-propargylglycine-containing dipeptide building block, paraformaldehyde and a variety of secondary amines (A3 coupling) was accomplished in solution to provide access to rigid aza-lysine mimics. These aza-dipeptides were subsequently incorporated at the Trp4 position of seven new aza-GHRP-6 analogues using a solid-phase protocol, and the resulting azaLys mimics were tested for binding towards the CD36 receptor. Finally, conditions for a 5-exo-dig cyclization of an aza-propargylglycine residue were developed to give N-amino imidazolin-2-ones as turn-inducing peptide mimics. Their modification at the 4 position was achieved using a Sonogashira coupling protocol prior to the cyclization step. The conformational properties of these new heterocyclic motifs were assessed by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy on a tetrapeptide model system. The incorporation of N-amino-4-methyl- and 4-benzyl-imidazolin-2-ones at the Trp4 position of GHRP-6 was further accomplished and the biological evaluation of the peptidomimetics was examined. Taken together, these results should lead to a better understanding of the structural and conformational factors responsible for binding and biological activity of azapeptide ligands of the CD36 receptor. Furthermore, the submonomer approach for azapeptide synthesis developed should promote the use of azapeptides as peptide mimics, given its accessibility and the increased aza-amino acid side-chain diversity available.