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1

Mawby, Joanna. "Metamorphic and geochronologic constraints on Palaeozoic tectonism in the eastern Arunta Inlier." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm462.pdf.

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Appendix 4 and 5 in pocket on back cover. Bibliography: p. 123-130. The isotopic data indicates the Harts Range Metamorphic Complex formed within a previously unrecognized intracratonic tectonic province in Central Australia
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2

Kelsey, David. "Controls on the localisation of Palaeozoic deformation in the northeastern Arunta Inlier /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbk295.pdf.

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3

Zhao, Jian-xin. "The geology, geochemistry and geochronology of the Atnarpa Igneous Complex, SE Arunta Inlier, northern Australia : implications for early to middle proterozoic tectonism and crustal evolution." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smz63.pdf.

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4

Bendall, Betina. "Mid-Palaeozoic shear zones in the Strangways Range : a record of intracratonic tectonism in the Arunta Inlier, Central Australia." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb458.pdf.

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5

Read, Caroline M. (Caroline Margaret) 1972. "Fluid flow during continental reworking : a study of shear zones in the Arunta Inlier, central Australia." Monash University, School of Geosciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7847.

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6

Pʻu-chʻüan, Ting. "Structural and tectonic evolution of the Eastern Arunta Inlier in the Harts Range area of Central Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd5839.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1989.
Typescript (Photocopy). Copies of 4 published papers co-authored by author, and 7 maps, in back cover pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-218).
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7

Whiting, Thomas H. "A study of the lithology and structure of the eastern Arunta Inlier based on aeromagnetic interpretation : a lithological subdivision and structural history of the eastern Arunta Inlier, with particular emphasis on the relationship between magnetic mineral petrogenesis, rock magnetism and aeromagnetic signature /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6125.pdf.

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8

Buick, Ian S. "The petrology and geochemistry of granitic rocks from the Entia domal structure, Harts Range, eastern Arunta Block, Central Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smb932.pdf.

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9

Sullivan, Stephen J. "A detailed geological investigation of the entia gneiss and leucocratic gneiss intrusive, northern Entia Dome, Harts Ranges, eastern Arunta Block /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs952.pdf.

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10

McLaren, Sandra. "The role of internal heat production during metamorphism of the Eastern Arunta Complex, central Australia, and the Mount Isa Inlier, Queensland /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbm161.pdf.

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Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1997?
National Grid reference SF53-14 (Alice Springs), SF54-1 (Mount Isa) (1:250 000). Includes bibliographical references (leaves [32-36]).
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11

Sando, Brett G. "The geology, petrology and geochemistry of the Tommys Gap area in the Giles Creek Synform, MacDonnell Ranges, South-Eastern Arunta Block, Northern Territory /." Adelaide, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs218.pdf.

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12

Nykiel, Anthony J. "The geology, petrology, and geochemistry of the area north of Spriggs Creek Bore, western margin of the Entia Dome, Harts Range, Eastern Arunta block, Northern Territory /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbn995.pdf.

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13

Kulasinghe, Arutha Jeevana. "Circulating tumour cells in head and neck cancers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/110534/1/Arutha%20Jeevana_Kulasinghe_Thesis.pdf.

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Metastasis in head and neck cancer patients is responsible for over 50% of deaths. There are currently no tools to identify patients at risk of developing metastasis. Circulating tumour cells (CTC) represent a transient cancer cell population in the blood. In this study, the researcher has developed CTC isolation methodologies and used novel culture formulations to expand patient derived CTCs for therapy testing. Furthermore, the researcher identified biomarkers present on CTCs which could select patients for immunotherapies, a current unmet need. This work sets the foundation for a personalized medicine approach to treating head and neck cancer patients.
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14

Parsalaw, Willy Wilson Saiguran. "Liberalisation of maize marketing in the Arusha region in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385964.

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15

BICHARA, Marcelo Raphael Rocha. "Luz que veio de Aruanda: mediunidade e sincretismo na Umbanda." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1507.

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The object of our research is the mediumship phenomenon in Umbanda, focusing the syncretism as one of its central elements. As theoretical and practical reference we used the analytical psychology developed by the physician, psychiatrist and psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), for the depth and interdisciplinary amplitude of his studies on the religious phenomenon and its psychological approach of the religious experience. Semi-structural interviews were done with mediums in the state of trance, asking about the category Aruanda, in three terreiros of Umbanda in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our hypothesis is that the descriptions of Aruanda, when interpreted from a symbolic point of view, can indicate the direction and finality of Umbanda?s Weltanschauung ? its psychological attitude in life. To accomplish our research we studied the birth of modern psychology, revealing the historical importance of mediumship and trance researches in the formulation of this new science. We also studied the background history of Umbanda to better understand our object. Many parallels were found between the analytical psychology and Umbanda. Both came to be in the turn of the nineteen to the twenty century, acting as compensation movements against the occidental hegemonic attitude ? analytical psychology in Europe, Umbanda in Brazil. With the data collected from both bibliographic and field research, it was possible to demonstrate how the symbolical content, that emerge in trance, helps to give form to numerous umbandas. Fluid and constantly in construction, Umbanda?s psychological attitude don?t fit in general systematizations. In spite of all the differences, it was possible to find in the descriptions given in trance common elements that point in the same direction: a revalorization of body experience, emotions and instincts, in direct opposition of Christian asceticism and modern rationalism.
O objetivo de nossa pesquisa ? estudar o fen?meno da mediunidade no contexto da Umbanda, focando o sincretismo como um de seus elementos centrais. Tomamos como referencial te?rico e pr?tico a psicologia anal?tica elaborada pelo m?dico psiquiatra e psic?logo Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), pela profundidade e amplitude interdisciplinar de seus estudos sobre o fen?meno religioso e por sua abordagem psicol?gica das experi?ncias religiosas. Realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas a respeito da categoria Aruanda com m?diuns em estado de transe, em tr?s terreiros de Umbanda no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nossa hip?tese ? que as descri??es de Aruanda, quando interpretadas de um ponto de vista simb?lico, podem nos indicar o sentido e a finalidade da Weltanschauung umbandista, isto ?, sua atitude psicol?gica diante da vida. Para realizar a pesquisa fizemos uma incurs?o na hist?ria do nascimento da psicologia moderna, destacando a relev?ncia das pesquisas sobre a mediunidade e os estados de transe para a formula??o dessa nova ci?ncia. Mergulhamos tamb?m nos prim?rdios da Umbanda para melhor compreender nosso objeto de estudo. Encontramos muitos paralelos entre a psicologia anal?tica e a Umbanda. Ambas surgem na virada do s?culo XIX para o XX e atuam como movimentos de compensa??o da atitude hegem?nica ocidental: a psicologia anal?tica na Europa, a Umbanda no Brasil. Com base nos dados coletados na pesquisa bibliogr?fica e no trabalho de campo foi poss?vel demonstrar como os conte?dos simb?licos, que emergem durante os estados de transe, ajudam a dar forma a infinitas umbandas. Fluida e constantemente em constru??o, a atitude psicol?gica umbandista n?o se deixa enquadrar em sistematiza??es generalistas. Apesar das diferen?as foi poss?vel encontrar, nas descri??es fornecidas em estado de transe, elementos em comum que apontam num mesmo sentido: uma revaloriza??o das experi?ncias do corpo, das emo??es e dos instintos, em oposi??o direta ao ascetismo crist?o e ao racionalismo moderno.
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16

Pereira, Fernanda Carina Gonçalves. "Gestão de cana (Arundo donax) em zonas ribeirinhas do Algarve." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3909.

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17

Vasconcelos, Elayne Cristina Gadelha. "Morfofisiologia do capim-aruana pastejado por ovinos morada nova submetidos a quatro níveis de suplementação concentrada." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17103.

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VASCONCELOS, Elayne Cristina Gadelha. Morfofisiologia do capim-aruana pastejado por ovinos morada nova submetidos a quatro níveis de suplementação concentrada. 2014. 70 f. Dissertação (mestrado em zootecnia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014.
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This study evaluated the gas exchange, the biomass flow and the structural characteristics of Panicum maximum cv. Aruana grazed by Morada Nova sheep under rotational stocking and supplied with four concentrate supplementation levels (0.0; 0.6; 1.2 and 1.8% body weight), using four day-grazing periods and rest when the interception of 90% of the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The experiment was a completely randomized split-plot design with supplementation levels as plots and grazing cycles as subplots. The post-grazing condition consisted of a leaf area index of 1.0. We observed an increasing linear effect for stem elongation rate and leaf appearance rate according to the supplementation levels. The production and accumulation rates of forage also increased according to the supplementation levels. The different grazing cycles affected the variables of gas exchange of the recently expanded leaves, namely transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf photosynthesis rate. In turn, no significant effect was detected for the gas exchange variables of emergent leaves. Biomass components during the post-grazing period showed a significant effect of the interaction between supplementation levels and grazing cycles for residual green forage biomass (BFVr), residual green leaf biomass (BLVr), residual green stem biomass (BCVr) and residual leaf:stem ratio (F_Cr). All these variables, with the exception of F_Cr, presented a quadratic effect in the cycles two and three, confirming the substitutive effect from the supplementation level of 0.86%, with the minimum estimated at 257.53 Kg•ha-¹•year-1, for BLVr. The ratio between living and senescent material showed an increasing linear response as a function of the supplementation levels. The pasture height and the residual tiller population density were affected only by grazing cycles. Green forage biomass (BFV) and green leaf biomass (BLV) presented a quadratic effect of the supplementation levels and grazing cycles. BLV showed a quadratic effect for the cycles two and three, where the higher values were 1489.47, at the level of 0.62, in the second cycle, and 1554.95 Kg•ha-¹•year-1 in the third cycle with a supplementation level of 0.14%. Gas exchange was not influenced by the supplementation levels. Morphogenetic traits of the aruana grass pasture are linearly affected by increasing levels of supplementation. The structural components of the aruana grass pasture are influenced by the increasing levels of concentrate supplementation, with a substitutive effect of the supplement.
Avaliou-se as trocas gasosas, o fluxo de biomassa e as características estruturais do capim-aruana pastejado sob lotação rotativa por ovinos Morada Nova submetidos a quatro níveis de suplementação concentrada (0,0; 0,6; 1,2 e 1,8% do PC), com período de ocupação de quatro dias e descanso quando da interceptação de 90% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (IRFA), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os níveis de suplementação as parcelas e os ciclos de pastejo as subparcelas. A condição de pós-pastejo consistiu em um índice de área foliar de 1,0. Constatou-se efeito linear crescente para a taxa de alongamento das hastes e taxa de aparecimento foliar em função dos níveis de suplementação. As taxas de produção e acúmulo de forragem foram incrementadas pelos níveis de suplementação. As variáveis das trocas gasosas das folhas recém-expandidas: transpiração, condutância estomática, taxa de fotossíntese foliar, mostraram efeito somente de ciclo de pastejo. Não houve nenhum efeito significativo sobre as variáveis das trocas gasosas das folhas emergentes. Os componentes da biomassa pós-pastejo registraram efeito significativo da interação níveis de suplementação e ciclos de pastejo para biomassa de forragem verde residual (BFVr), lâmina foliar verde residual (BLVr), colmo verde residual (BCVr) e relação folha:colmo (F_Cr) residual, estas variáveis, com exceção da F_Cr apresentaram efeito quadrático nos ciclos dois e três, confirmando o efeito substitutivo, a partir do nível de suplementação de 0,86%, com o mínimo estimado de 257,53 Kg•ha-¹•ano-1, para a BLVr. A relação material vivo_ material morto residual apresentou efeito linear crescente em função dos níveis de suplementação. A altura do pasto e a densidade populacional de perfilhos residual foram afetadas somente pelos ciclos de pastejo. A biomassa de forragem verde (BFV) e de lâmina foliar verde (BLV) apresentaram efeito da interação níveis de suplementação e ciclos de pastejo. A BLV registrou efeito quadrático para os ciclos dois e três, onde os maiores valores foram de 1489,47, no nível de 0,62, do segundo ciclo e de 1554,95 Kg•ha-¹•ano-1no ciclo três com nível de suplementação de 0,14 %. As trocas gasosas não são afetadas pelos níveis de suplementação. As características morfogênicas do pasto de capim-aruana são afetadas linearmente pelos níveis crescentes de suplementação. Os componentes estruturais do pasto de capim-aruana são afetados pelos níveis crescentes de suplementação concentrada, registrando efeito substitutivo do suplemento.
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18

Lihamba, Amandina. "Politics and theatre in Tanzania after the Arusha Declaration : 1967-1984." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289801.

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19

Fatunwase, Akintayo. "Simple Pretreatment of Arundo Donax and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Materials." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/163.

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Arundo donax (Giant reed Plant) contains high level of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It is used as a second generation method for the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomasses. Cellulose molecules comprised an unbranched polymer of 1,000 to 1,000,000 D-glucose linking units coupled with beta-1, 4 glycosidic bonds. Microorganism present in beta 1-4 gluconase breaks down the glucosidic linkage in the Microcrystalline structure of the cellulose to cellobiose molecules (a glucose dimer have a beta-1, 4 bond). The cellobiose is subsequently broken down into glucose molecules by an enzyme called beta-glucosidase. The scope of this work entails hydrolysis conversion of cellulose to glucose and other value added products using enzymatic (Cellulase)
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20

Prakash, Aruna [Verfasser]. "Computational micromechanics of polycrystals: Special emphasis on twinning and recrystallization in Mg alloys and TWIP steels / Aruna Prakash." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1122546300/34.

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21

Tol, Roger. "Een haan in oorlog : Toloqna Arung Labuaja : een twintigste-eeuws Buginees heldendicht van de hand van I Mallaq Daéng Mabéla Arung Manajéng /." Dordrecht : Foris publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37147999d.

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Texte remanié de: Proefschrift--Letteren--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1989.
Titre de couv. : Een haan in oorlog : Toloqna Arung Labuaja : een Buginees heldendicht. Contient le texte du manuscrit de "Toloqna Arung Labuaja" en bugis et en néerlandais. Bibliogr. p. 356-367. Lexique.
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22

Santos, Jorge Henrique da Silva. "Proporções de nitrato e amônio na nutrição e produção dos capins aruana e marandu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-20102003-153849/.

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Foi conduzido experimento em casa-de-vegetação do Departamento de Solos e Nutrição de Plantas da ESALQ – USP, durante o período de fevereiro a maio de 2002, com o objetivo de avaliar respostas produtivas, fisiológicas e nutricionais a proporções de nitrato e amônio, das forrageiras Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, cultivados em solução nutritiva, utilizando sílica como substrato. Foi empregado o delineamento experimental de blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos. O nitrogênio foi estudado na dose de 210 mg L -1 e nas proporções respectivas de nitrato e amônio de 100/0; 85/15;70/30; 55/45; 40/60 e 25/75%. As soluções foram preparadas a partir da solução completa de Sarruge (1975), devidamente modificada para as proporções desses íons no suprimento de nitrogênio. Dois corte foram realizados nas plantas, separando-se os componentes da parte aérea em folhas emergentes, lâminas de folhas recém-expandidas, lâminas de folhas maduras e colmos mais bainhas. Após o segundo corte, as raízes foram separadas da sílica e lavadas. Durante o crescimento das plantas foram determinados a atividade da redutase do nitrato e o valor SPAD e na ocasião dos cortes foram contados os perfilhos e as folhas das plantas e foi medida a área foliar. No material seco foi obtido a produção de massa e nas amostras moídas foram determinadas as concentrações de nitrogênio total, de nitrato e de amônio. Nas raízes foram avaliadas a superfície e comprimento total. As proporções de 85/15 a 55/45 de nitrato/amônio propiciaram aumento do número de perfilhos e de folhas. A área foliar e a massa seca da parte aérea responderam positivamente ao nitrogênio fornecido em proporção 100/0 a 55/45 de nitrato/amônio. A massa seca, a superfície e o comprimento de raízes foram beneficiadas pelo fornecimento de nitrato/amônio em proporções de 70/30 e 55/45. A aplicação de nitrato e amônio nas proporções de 40/60 e 25/75 resultou em mais elevada concentração de nitrogênio total nos colmos mais bainhas e de amônio nas lâminas de folhas maduras. Os atributos produtivos dos capins foram prejudicados pelo uso da proporção de nitrato/amônio de 25/75. A inclusão de amônio em substituição de parte do nitrato na solução completa de Sarruge beneficia os capins estudados.
A greenhouse experiment was carried out in the Soils and Plant Nutrition Department, at ESALQ-USP from February to May 2002. The objective was to evaluate the response in relation to proportions of nitrate and ammonium in the nutrient solutions of Panicum maximum cv. Aruana and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Plants grew in a ground quartz substrate. The experiment was set in complete randomized block design, with four replications. Nitrogen at 210 mg L -1 was studied in proportions 100/0; 85/15; 70/30; 55/45; 40/60 and 25/75% of nitrate and ammonium, respectively. A complete Sarruge (1975) solution was modified to supply nitrogen in the studied proportions. Plants were harvest twice and plant tops was separated in emerging leaves, lamina of recently expanded leaves, lamina of mature leaves and steams plus sheaths. After the second harvest, roots were taken from the substrate and washed. During the growth period the nitrate reductase activity and SPAD units were determined and at the plant harvesting the number of tillers and leaves were counted and leaf area was measured. Dry matter yield was obtained in the oven, dry plants and the concentration of total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium were determined in the ground sample. Roots were evaluated for the total surface and length. Increases in the number of tillers and leaves were found with the 85/15 to 55/45 proportions of nitrate/ammonium. Leaf area and plant tops dry weight positively responded to the nitrogen supplied form 100/0 to 55/45 as nitrate/ammonium. Nitrate and ammonium applied in the 40/60 and 25/75 proportions showed the highest total nitrogen concentration in stems plus sheaths and the highest ammonium concentration in the lamina of mature leaves. Grasses production was decreased by the use of nitrate/ammonium at 25/75 proportion. The inclusion of ammonium as part of the nitrogen supply in the Sarruge’s nutrient solution is beneficial to the studied forage grasses.
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23

Owoyomi, Olumuyiwa A. "Eradication of the giant reed (arundo donax) : an evaluation of different methodologies." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/714.

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The invasion of riparian habitats by the exotic plant, Arundo donax L., commonly known as the giant reed is one of the greatest threats to ecosystems in Central and Southern California. There have been several efforts to eradicate this plant with varying control methods. This study evaluated some previously known techniques of controlling the giant reed in addition to some novel methodologies to determine the most effective approach. The study site is a section of the Lower Calaveras River that transects University of the Pacific's campus and is a prime example of the devastation caused by the giant reed. The project site was cut and cleared over a period of eight months and divided into fourteen plots. Seven different techniques including a control were selected and each treatment was randomly applied to two plots. The methods chosen were: "cut, resprout and spray", "cut-stem, spray", "chip and compost", "chip and tarp", "compost" and "compost and tarp". The response variables were the "mean regrowth height", "mean circumference of stalks" and the "number of resprouted stalks". A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the response variables. The "compost and tarp" method had the lowest number of resprouted stalks and was also significantly different from the control treatment. None of the other techniques were significantly different from the control but the "compost" method showed some promise. Based on this study, the "compost and tarp" technique is the most effective treatment. The data collection for this study was limited and future experiments should be conducted on a longer time scale to assess the effectiveness of these methods. Further research should also be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various biotic factors on the growth of A. donax, which could enhance the efficacy of methodologies currently used to control this introduced invasive plant.
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24

Lemões, Juliana Silva. "Produção de etanol de segunda geração a partir de arundo donax L." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179650.

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A crescente demanda energética traz a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos combustíveis renováveis, visando à menor emissão de partículas e poluentes ao meio ambiente e a substituição dos derivados de petróleo. Atualmente, pesquisas com a utilização de biomassa lignocelulósica vêm sendo desenvolvidas com o objetivo de tornar o processo de produção de etanol de segunda geração economicamente viável. O arundo (Arundo donax L.) é uma gramínea de crescimento rápido, alto rendimento de biomassa e pode ser cultivada em áreas marginais, que em função de características de cultivo, crescimento e produtividade apresenta potencial para produção de etanol de segunda geração. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer as melhores condições de pré-tratamento, hidrólise e fermentação da biomassa de Arundo donax L. visando à produção de etanol. Três pré-tratamentos foram testados: pré-tratamento ácido, pré-tratamento ácido seguido de pré-tratamento alcalino e pré-tratamento alcalino. Foram avaliadas variáveis de cada pré-tratamento utilizando planejamento composto central rotacional através da metodologia de superfície de resposta Após a otimização das condições de pré-tratamento, foram avaliadas as variáveis carga enzimática e relação sólido:líquido nos rendimentos de glicose e xilose na hidrólise enzimática. Por fim, foram avaliadas condições de fermentação dos hidrolisados obtidos na hidrólise enzimática e fermentação e hidrólise simultâneas da biomassa pré-tratada. No pré-tratamento da biomassa as concentrações de glicose e xilose liberadas na hidrólise enzimática da biomassa pré-tratada, apenas com ácido sulfúrico, variaram de 6,2 a 19,1 g L-1 e 1,8 a 3,1 g L-1, respectivamente. A adição de pré-tratamento alcalino possibilitou aumento significativo da concentração de açúcares liberados. O uso apenas de pré-tratamento alcalino resultou em concentrações de glicose e xilose que não diferiram estatisticamente dos obtidos com pré-tratamento em duas etapas. As concentrações de 5-hidroximetilfurfural e furfural não diferiram significativamente entre os pré-tratamentos testados. Na hidrólise enzimática apenas a relação sólido:líquido apresentou efeito significativo nas concentrações de glicose e xilose. Os rendimentos de etanol obtidos pelo processo de sacarificação e fermentação simultâneas foram superiores aos obtidos quando a hidrólise e fermentação foram conduzidas em etapas separadas. Os maiores rendimentos de etanol foram obtidos com carga de sólidos de 200 g L-1, e 25 FPU g-1 na etapa de pré-hidrólise.
The growing energy demand brings the need for development of new renewable fuels, aiming to reduceemission of particles and pollutants into the environment as well as substitution of petroleum products. Nowadays, researches using lignocellulosic biomass have been developed with the objective of making the production process of second generation ethanol economically viable. Arundo donax L., is a perennial grass presenting high biomass production and ability of growing in different environments, which due to the cultivation characteristics, growth and productivity presents potential as raw material for production of second generation ethanol. The present work envisages to establish the best pre-treatment hydrolysis and fermentation conditions for the biomass of Arundo donax L. aiming to ethanol production. Three pretreatments were tested: acid pretreatment, acid pretreatment followed by alkaline pretreatment and alkaline pretreatment. Variables of each pretreatment were evaluated using central rotational composite design through response surface methodology.After optimization of the pretreatment conditions, the influence of enzymatic loading and solid-to-liquid ratio variables in the glucose and xylose yields by the enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated. Finally, the fermentation conditions of the hydrolysates obtained in the enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous fermentation and hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass were evaluated The amounts of glucose and xylose released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the Arundo biomass obtained from acid pretreatment ranged from 6.2 to 19.1 g/L and 1.8 to 3.1 g/L, respectively. The addition of an alkaline pretreatment led to a higher yield from the enzymatic hydrolysis with the average glucose concentration 3.5 times that obtained after biomass hydrolysis with an acid pretreatment exclusively. The use of an alkaline pretreatment alone resulted in glucose and xylose concentrations similar to those obtained in the two-step pretreatment: acid pretreatment followed by alkaline pretreatment. There was no significant difference in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural or acetic acid concentration among the pretreatments. In the enzymatic hydrolysis, only a solid-to- liquid ratio showed a significant effect on glucose and xylose concentrations. The ethanol yields obtained by the simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation process are higher than those obtained when the hydrolysis and fermentation were conducted in separate steps. The highest ethanol yields were obtained with solids loading of 200 g L-1, and 25 FPU g-1 in the prehydrolysis step.
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Herrera, Jennifer Ellen. "Language planning and education in Aruba: Contexts and contradictions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280478.

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This study is an investigation of issues of language planning and education in Aruba and how these might facilitate effective change on the island. The questions for this study were. (1) What are the predominant language varieties in Aruba, and to what uses are they put? (2) What is the official plan the Aruba government has put into place for educational change? (3) What generalizable implications for language planning and education surface from an in depth look at the context in Aruba? Major findings are the following: (1) The four predominant languages in Aruba are Papiamento, Dutch, Spanish and English. Papiamento is the indigenous language of the island used at home and as the lingua franca for island business. Dutch is the language of all official government documents and is the medium of instruction in the schools. Spanish language is utilized in homes of Aruban immigrants from Spanish speaking homelands and is commonly spoken among tourists and businesses catering to tourism. English is the vernacular language used at home for many Aruban families living in the San Nicolas geographic area of Aruba and is the language that dominates the tourism business. (2) The Aruban Department of Education has developed various plans for innovative change for their education system and is working in conjunction with several other agencies to bring systematic change to education in Aruba. These plans address language issues among others and are being implemented as legal strides are made. (3) In the context of Aruban culture and language, (a) education professionals have a responsibility to explore the ideological foundations of their theories and practices, (b) a commitment to structural equality is necessary, and (c) commitment to language planning in Aruba, and in any nation, requires a commitment to the struggle for language rights. Aruba's current political efforts are focused on initiating change for educational practice and theory. Aruba is in a position of unlimited possibilities to plan, design, and implement a new revised educational system that will change the culture of schooling in Aruba.
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Wiel, Keisha. "Perceptions on the Social Status of Papiamentu in Contrast to Its Offical Significance in Aruba and Curacao." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4166.

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Many creole languages have been studied by linguists and anthropologists alike in order to gain a better understanding as to their formations and social status within their respective cultures. Theories such as the Language Bioprogram hypothesis created by Derek Bickerton researched explicitly the genesis of creoles, primarily the creoles in Guyana and Hawaii. Although many creole languages are the main vernaculars of many cultures, they are often seen as having a lower status than the official language, usually a European language. Papiamentu, a language spoken in Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire, has carried a prestige that many other creoles do not possess; it is spoken by everyone on the islands. There are no class divides that determine what, when, and where the language can be used. It is accepted by the majority on the islands and has gained the status as an official language in March 2003 in Aruba and in March 2007 in Curacao and Bonaire. Although it encompasses this status, Papiamentu is still not accepted in every faction on the islands. It is not the language of instruction in the educational system and official government documentation is still written in Dutch. This research explored the issues of Papiamentu's social status on the islands and has correlated it to its use in several sectors in Aruba and Curacao. Primary research was carried in Aruba and Curacao for six weeks. Interviews along with participant-observation tackled issues such as Papiamentu's presence in education, how Papiamentu was used during childhood, Papiamentu in relation to other languages on the islands, and the use of Papiamentu within the media. This research was executed to acquire a better insight into the perceptions of Papiamentuss social status and whether these perspectives have a profound effect on its usage.
M.A.
Department of Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology MA
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27

Parkinson, David John. "Sources and controls on fluoride in groundwater of the Arusha Region, northern Tanzania." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391499.

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28

Fatunwase, Akintayo. "Simple Pretreatment of Arundo Donax and Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulosic Materials to Glucose." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/1.

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Arundodonax (Giant reed Plant) contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and considered as a biomass resources for biofuels. Cellulose is a polymer of several d-glucose linked units coupled with beta-1, 4 glycosidic bonds. The lignin must be broken down to obtain cellulose.Brown and white rot fungusbreak down lignin through a fenton mechanism using hydroxyl radicals. Current work explores degradation of cellulose byisolating microbial communities followed by inoculating 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or arundodonax in nutrient media. The microbes demonstrate long-term viability using CMS or arundodonax the sole carbon source.Pretreatment with microbes result in enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C using commercial cellulase over time. The simple dinitrosalicylic acid assay method quantifies glucose, the main product of enzymatic hydrolysis.
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29

Macias, Raymond A. "Ovipositional cues for a galling wasp, Tetramesa romana, on giant reed (Arundo donax)." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10254696.

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Arundo donax is a rhizomatous perennial grass that invades riparian habitats and replaces native riparian vegetation. The galling wasp, Tetramesa romana (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), was selected for evaluation as a biocontrol agent of A. donax in 2009. However, knowledge is scarce on which factors influence host selection and oviposition in T. romana. Through my observations I documented distinct behavioral steps preceding emergence leading to oviposition in T. romana, and elicited an investigatory response in T. romana from plant volatiles extracted from A. donax. My results indicated that T. romana does use a chemical cue as a factor in host selection, but it is likely not the result of a species-specific constituent. Evidence from my study revealed that T. romana may use a physical cue in selecting a host as well. T. romana preferred round glass rods over flat glass slides, indicating that shape is an important factor in host acceptance.

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Mmbando, Zebadia Paul. "Factors influencing men's involvement in reproductive health in Arusha and Arumeru districts, Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2557.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
The study findings were thematically grouped into three themes including the coordination and partnerships, culture and implementation challenges. Poor coordination and failure of systems in place appeared to characterise the many challenges. Gender inequalities and masculine dominated cultural practices like polygamy and widow inheritance are associated with consequences of ill health among women; including high HIV/AIDS prevalence, early marriage, high teenage pregnancies and high maternal mortality. Although these practices are in favor of men, they hardly protect them from the wrath of poor RH like STDS, HIV/AIDS, stressful big families and vast poverty. Hence, Tanzanian men are also victims of their own behavior.
South Africa
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Watt, Melissa Harper Maman Suzanne. "Understanding patients' adherence to antiretroviral therapy a mixed-methods study in Arusha, Tanzania /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1646.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education." Discipline: Health Behavior and Health Education; Department/School: Public Health.
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Lino, Villanueva Gladys Liliana. "Arundo donax L. como gramínea perenne para la producción de biomasa en ambiente Mediterráneo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398126.

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En los últimos años, es evidente la preocupación mundial sobre las emisiones de gases del efecto invernadero, especialmente CO2. Una de las principales acciones contaminantes es la quema de combustibles fósiles. Paradójicamente la economía mundial depende (directa e indirectamente) en gran medida de la energía derivada de estos combustibles, principalmente petróleo, carbón y gas natural (en medida progresiva). Los combustibles fósiles son finitos, aunque aún tenemos un margen de algunos años para agotarlos. Según los expertos, estamos entrando a una nueva era, que deja de lado los combustibles fósiles y en cambio, usa otras fuentes de energía alternativa, como por ejemplo: la biomasa para la producción de biocombustibles (segunda generación), la energía proveniente del sol y la energía obtenida con la fuerza del aire. Estas fuentes deben usarse en conjunto, no son excluyentes. Una de las decisiones más importantes de la reunión de la COP 21 en París, fue el acuerdo de la disminución progresiva de combustibles fósiles, dado que contaminan altamente el ambiente al liberar grandes cantidades de CO2. Los países industrializados, ya cuentan con algunas investigaciones de años atrás para emplear estas fuentes alternativas. En Europa y EEUU, en cuatro años, se debe incrementar el uso los biocombustibles 10 al 20 %. Por tanto, hacer uso de biomasa para la producción de biocombustibles es de principal interés. En el presente estudio, se trabajó con Arundo donax L., como cultivo energético para evaluar su rendimiento bajo estrés hídrico, a nivel fisiológico, bioquímico y molecular. Los resultados nos indican que A. donax tuvo un buen rendimiento a nivel de producción de biomasa, los parámetros fisiológicos no se ven excesivamente afectados, además que tienen un buena eficiencia en el uso del agua. Los resultados moleculares no proporcionaron mucha información en cuanto a genes de tolerancia a la sequía, sin embargo son resultados valiosos para las futuras investigaciones. Por tanto se puede recomendar a A. donax como un buen candidato a cultivo energético en el ambiente Mediterráneo.
In recent years, global concern about emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, is evident. One of the main pollutants actions is the burning of fossil fuels. Paradoxically, the world economy depends (directly and indirectly) largely on the energy derived from these fuels, mainly oil, coal and natural gas (in progressive measure). Fossil fuels are finite, although we still have a margin of a few years to exhaust them. According to the experts, we are entering to a new era, leaving aside the fossil fuels and instead, uses other alternative energy sources, such as: biomass for the production of biofuels (second generation), energy from the sun and the energy obtained with the air force. These sources must be used together, they are not mutually exclusive. One of the most important decisions of the COP 21 meeting in Paris was the agreement of the progressive decrease in fossil fuels; because of highly pollute the environment by releasing large amounts of CO2. Industrialized countries have already some research done years ago to use these alternative sources. In Europe and the USA, in four years, the use of biofuels should be increased from 10 to 20%. Therefore, make use of biomass for the production of biofuels is a main interest. In the present study, we worked with Arundo donax L., as an energy crop to evaluate their performance under drought stress, physiological, biochemical and molecular level. The results indicate that A. donax is a good performance at the level of biomass production; the physiological parameters are not unduly affected; besides they have a good water use efficiency. The molecular results did not provide much information about genes of drought tolerance; however, results are valuable for future research. Therefore, A. donax can be recommended as a good candidate for energy crop in the Mediterranean environment.
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Mishra, Arunav [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Berberich. "Leveraging Semantic Annotations for Event-focused Search & Summarization / Arunav Mishra ; Betreuer: Klaus Berberich." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1155420225/34.

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Murgai, Arunima [Verfasser]. "Disrupting BMP/Noggin Balance Perturbs Myofiber Integrity Leading to Mammalian Muscle Plasticity / Arunima Murgai." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227301782/34.

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Vale, Arilson Pereira do. "Associativismo e produção orgânica como uma alternativa para a agricultura familiar: o caso Aruatã." Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná, 2003. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/168.

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Este trabalho traz como tema central a realidade da agricultura e dos agricultores familiares no Brasil. A análise dessa temática parte da identificação e caracterização do modelo de modernização tecnológica adotado no contexto brasileiro. Busca-se compreender a concepção de tecnologia e de desenvolvimento tecnológico que fundamentou determinadas opções políticas e econômicas e identificar a racionalidade que permeou tal processo, visto que todo agir social traz consigo uma racionalidade que lhe é própria. Nesse itinerário de investigação são especialmente abordados alguns conceitos como "Razão Instrumental", "Apropriação" e "Inapropriação" tecnológica e mesmo tecnologia. Posteriormente é apresentada a prática alternativa de agricultura orgânica como "apropriada tecnologicamente" ao contexto da agricultura familiar e orientada segundo os princípios de uma racionalidade comunicativa. Conceito este analisado conforme a construção filosófica de Jürgen Habermas. Em seguida se busca aproximar os conceitos até então abordados com a proposição de que as práticas associativistas e cooperativistas por agricultores familiares são essenciais para a construção de espaços onde a racionalidade comunicativa se efetiva e onde tal categoria de agricultores conquista sua cidadania. A construção desse arcabouço teórico é por fim confrontada com a realização de uma pesquisa do tipo "Estudo de Caso" de uma associação de agricultores orgânicos do município de Tijucas do Sul, por nome ARUATÃ. O objetivo é analisar e perceber as dificuldades de construção de uma prática associativista e as possíveis razões que explicariam porque muitas iniciativas associativistas não prosperam, como por exemplo, a própria ARUATÃ.
This work assumes as its central issue the reality of agriculture, and specially the familiar agriculture, in Brazil. The analysis of this thematic begins with the identification and characterization of the technological modernization model adopted in the Brazilian context. Therefore, it seeks to understand the conception of technology and technological development that based the political and economic options and to identify the rationality embedded in the process, since every social action brings a rationality of its own. In this itinerary of investigation are especially used the concepts of " instrumental reason" technological "appropriation" and "unappropriation" and even technology. The alternative practices of organic agriculture is presented as "technologically appropriated" in the context of familiar agriculture and oriented according to the principles of a communicative reason, as defined by Jürgen Habermas. Next the text tries to bring together the theoretical concepts and the proposition that associative and cooperative practices by familiar farmers are essentials for the construction of spaces where the communicative rationality really works and where the farmers can conquest their citizenship. The theoretical frame is finally confronted with a "case study" research about an association of organic farmers from Tijucas do Sul, named ARUATÃ. The objective is to analyze and realize the existent difficulties in the construction of an associative practice and the possible reasons that could explain why many associative initiatives, like Aruatã, don't prosper.
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Guthrie, Gené. "Impacts of the invasive reed Arundo donax on biodiversity at the community-ecosystem level." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2313.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology)
Arundo donax is an invasive species that mostly impacts on sensitive riparian ecosystems. Arundo is also invasive in South Africa, though less is known about its ecology, biology, and impacts. Since California and the Western Cape of South AFrica have similar Mediterranean-type climates, we could assume that the impacts of Arundo on ecosystems in California are likely to be similar in the Western Cape, and that control methods used could be extrapolated for use in South Africa. This thesis attempted to determine what impact Arundo has on biodiversity at the community-ecosystem level.
South Africa
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Srinivasan, Aruna [Verfasser], and Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Koepsell. "RS1 protein dependent and independent short and long term regulation of sodium dependent glucose transporter -1 / Aruna Srinivasan. Betreuer: Hermann Koepsell." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1109771096/34.

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Marchetto, Aruna [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Grünewald. "Deciphering the role of the developmental transcription factor SOX6 in tumorigenesis and progression of Ewing sarcoma / Aruna Marchetto ; Betreuer: Thomas Grünewald." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121236287X/34.

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39

Björkman, Desireé, Haubir Mariwani, and Tim Svensson. "Applikation för Rangordning av Uppdragstagare Baserat på Avstånd (ARUBA) : Fasbros IT." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324411.

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Att skicka rätt agent till rätt uppdrag är fundamentalt för förmedlingsbolag. För att garantera att detta sker på ett effektivt sätt utvecklade Fasbros IT tjänsten ARUBA som rangordnar en uppsättning agenter efter deras restid till ett uppdrag. Detta genomfördes med hjälp av Google Maps- och GraphHopper Directions API:er. ARUBA är ett back-end system. Systemet tar emot ett JSON-objekt som innehåller ett uppdrag och en lista agenter, dessa agenter sorteras efter kortast restid till uppdraget. Resultatet sparas i en lista som returneras som ett JSON-objekt. Systemet klarar av att hantera tusentals agenter och är robust så att den klarar av att fortsätta arbeta även ifall en av dess två API:er blir otillgängligt. Koden är väldokumenterad och har en god grund för att kunna vidareutvecklas av intressenten. Det är simpelt att utöka mängden API:er som används och samtidigt behålla robustheten i applikationen. ARUBA skapades i syfte att visa intressenten att deras nuvarande system kan förbättras i funktionalitet, effektivitet och precision.
Sending the best agent to the most fitting mission is fundamental for any company. To guarantee that this is done efficiently, Fasbros IT have created the ARUBA service that ranks a group of agents based on their respective traveltimes to a mission. This was done by the means of existing Google Maps and GraphHopper API:s. ARUBA operates as a back-end service that communicates with a separate interface that sends and receives information from it in form of JSON-objects. A mission and a list of agents are received and a ranked list of the agents based on their traveltimes to the mission is the output of ARUBA. The service is able to handle thousands of agents and is robust in the sense that it is able to switch between API:s in order to keep running in case one of the them isn’t responding. The code is thoroughly documented and stands on a solid base that is easily developable by the stakeholder. It is easy to increase the amount of API:s that are used and still maintain the robust ability of the system. ARUBA was created in order to prove to the stakeholder that their current system could be improved in its functionality, efficiency and precision.
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Carlsson, Isabella, and Maria Pettersson. "Perspectives on digital divide : Internet usage and attitudes in Arusha, Tanzania, a minor field study." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Communication, Technology and Design, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-318.

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This paper outlines the current situation of Internet usage and attitudes towards the Internet among ordinary people in Arusha, Tanzania, and examines the views of ordinary citizens on the effects of the arrival of Internet and the possible digital divide.

Using qualitative interviews with equal groups of ordinary Internet users and ordinary non- Internet users in Arusha, the authors found varying levels of awareness about Internet services and facilities and their availability. There was also a widespread concern about immoral western influences communicated by the Internet and how it may affect the domestic culture. It was clearly shown that Internet usage and the possibility to utilize the information found is dependent on education levels and the economic situation of the users, two closely related factors. To get additional views on the subject interviews were also carried out with representatives for Radio and TV stations as well as newspapers located in Arusha, institutions for higher education in the ICT field, Internet providers, and Arusha Municipal Council. To examine the actual Internet usage we extracted random samples of visited websites in several of the Internet cafés, which most of the Arushans use to access the Internet.

It was found that government action is necessary that the in order to bridge the digital divide, but as a result of systematic censorship of media government efforts meet a profound distrust among people, neither does the government consider this to be any of their responsibilities.

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Teixeira, Odilene de Souza. "TERMINAÇÃO DE BOVINOS AOS 18 MESES COM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES SEXUAIS SUPLEMENTADOS EM PASTAGEM DE ARUANA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10917.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aimed to evaluate performance, behavior as well as meat and carcass characteristics of beef cattle with different sexual conditions, finished at 18 months, raised on Aruana (Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Aruana) pasture, receiving energy supplementation. The treatments consisted of surgically castrated, immunocastrated or non-castrated animals. The experiment consisted of 39 contemporary male bovine animals with initial body weight of 284.1 ± 31.4 kg and average age of 14 months. Chemical composition analysis and patterns of pasture production did not differ among treatments. Average daily gain, final weight and live weight gain per hectare, were not influenced by the sexual condition. In assessing the agonistic behavior of the animals, non-castrated animals more often displayed aggressive activities such as threats and fights when compared to immunocastrated animals. Feeding behavior, grazing time, rumination and idleness were not affected by treatments. Non-castrated animals spent more time at the feeder (56.20 minutes) than either surgically castrated (41.43 minutes) or immunocastrated, (32.38 minutes).. As for carcass attributes, no difference was found for slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight and their respective yields. Regarding Muscle and fat yield per 100 kg of cold casting, non-castrated animals had higher muscle ratio (67.9%) vs. castrated calves (65.1%) or immunocastrated (64,1%) in detriment of the greater proportion of fat found in castrated animals. Regarding meat characteristics, meat from immunocastrated and surgically castrated animals demonstrated color with greater intensity of red and yellow hues. The characteristics evaluated by the taste panel did not differ for any of the evaluated sexual conditions and were classified as "slightly above average". The combination of the correct handling of Aruana grazing and the use of supplementation was promising for finishing cattle with different sexual conditions at 18 months of age, considering that there was no difference in average daily gain, final weight and gain liveweight per hectare. Castrates both surgically as immunocastrated obtained higher yield of fat in the carcass while uncastrated animals have higher muscle performance. In the flesh, there was difference in the color, and steers (surgically or immunocastrated) produced meat prone to lighter red color compared to uncastrated cattle. In choosing the method recommended castration this latter, to be a less invasive method for cattle, which determines greater preservation of animal welfare.
Objetivou-se, mensurar o desempenho, o comportamento e as características de carcaça e carne de bovinos de corte com diferentes condições sexuais, terminados aos 18 meses em pastagem de Aruana, recebendo suplementação energética. Os tratamentos consistiram em novilhos castrados cirurgicamente, imunocastrados ou não castrados. Foram utilizados, para o experimento, 39 bovinos machos, contemporâneos, com peso corporal e idade inicial média de 284,1 ± 31,4 kg e 14 meses, respectivamente. Os resultados referentes à análise da composição bromatológica e os parâmetros produtivos da pastagem não diferiram para os tratamentos. As variáveis, ganho médio diário, peso final e ganho de peso vivo por hectare, não sofreram influência da condição sexual. Ao avaliar o comportamento agonístico dos novilhos verifica-se que os não castrados apresentaram maior número de atividades como ameaças e brigas em relação aos imunocastrados. No comportamento ingestivo, os tempos de pastejo, ócio e ruminação não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. O tempo de permanência no comedouro dos animais não castrados, 56,20 minutos, foi superior ao detectado para castrados cirurgicamente ou imunocastrados, 41,43 e 32,38 minutos. Nos atributos de carcaça, não foi encontrada diferença para peso de abate, peso de carcaça quente e fria, bem como para seus respectivos rendimentos. No que se refere aos rendimentos de músculo e gordura por 100 kg de carcaça fria, os novilhos não castrados obtiveram maior proporção de músculo (67,9%) ao comparar com novilhos castrados cirurgicamente (65,1%) ou imunocastrados (64,1%), em detrimento da maior proporção de gordura dos animais castrados. Para as características de carne, os novilhos castrados cirurgicamente e imunocastrados dispuseram de carnes com maior intensidade de vermelho e amarelo. As características avaliadas pelo painel de degustadores não diferiram para nenhuma das condições sexuais trabalhadas neste ensaio, sendo classificadas como levemente acima da média . A combinação entre o correto manejo da pastagem de Aruana e o uso de suplementação se mostrou promissora para a terminação de bovinos com diferentes condições sexuais aos 18 meses de idade, considerando-se que não houve diferença para ganho médio diário, peso final e ganho de peso vivo por hectare. Animais castrados tanto cirurgicamente quanto imunocastrados obtiveram maior rendimento de gordura na carcaça, enquanto, animais não castrados apresentam maior rendimento de músculo. Na carne, observou-se diferença para a cor, sendo que novilhos castrados (cirurgicamente ou imunocastrados) produziram carne com tendência a coloração vermelho mais claro, comparado aos bovinos não castrados. Na escolha do método de castração se recomenda essa última, por ser um método menos invasivo para o bovino, o que determina maior preservação do bem- estar animal.
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42

Silva, Cláudio José Araújo da. "Características estruturais das forrageiras aruana e hemártria e o comportamento ingestivo de caprinos em pastejo /." oai:ufpr.br:233671, 2006. http://200.17.209.5:8000/cgi-bin/gw_42_13/chameleon.42.13a?host=localhost%201111%20DEFAULT&sessionid=VTLS&function=CARDSCR&search=KEYWORD&pos=1&u1=12101&t1=233671.

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Orientador: João Ricardo Dittrich
Co-orientadores: Alda Lúcia G. Monteiro e Aníbal de Moraes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia. Defesa: Curitiba, 2006
Inclui bibliografia e anexos
Área de concentração: Produção vegetal
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43

Smith, Rachel. "Agronomy of the energy crops Miscanthus x giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54496/.

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For this study, the energy crops Miscanthus x giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea were planted at sites across Wales. Non-destructive methods of estimating crop yields were developed the most significant relationship for Miscanthus was between mean shoot height and mean shoot dry weight, whereas for Arundo it was between mean shoot volume and mean shoot dry weight although these estimates were over-estimates of actual crop yield when scaled up to field size. Yield estimates were obtained from destructive sampling for Phalaris and these were shown to be under estimates of whole crop yield. Crop growth data were compared in relation to soil type, soil chemistry and climatic conditions. Soil clay content and soil preparation were identified as of utmost importance to Miscanthus and Arundo success, but had no effect on Phalaris crops. Both Arundo and Miscanthus showed sensitivity to air temperatures during the growing season. Delaying harvest of both crops produced material with decreased moisture and mineral content, although results were not significant in all cases. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of leaves were higher than that in the cane, and harvest following leaf abscission was recommended. Arundo did not senesce completely during the winter period, and produced harvested material with higher mineral content than Miscanthus. Both crops required further drying to meet moisture content requirements for combustion crops. Phalaris was the only crop to meet moisture content and mineral content threshold levels, although the results were not consistent across sites. Leaf chlorophyll content was significantly correlated to above ground plant mineral content. Organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied to the three crops, and produced no response in Phalaris. Both Miscanthus and Arundo increased growth in response to high phosphorus levels, and generally in response to high fertiliser applications. At recommended application rates cattle manure showed most effect.
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44

Shirima, Gabriel Mkilema. "The epidemiology of brucellosis in animals and humans in Arusha and Manyara regions in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4826/.

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The aims of this study were to assess community knowledge, awareness and practices on zoonoses, to gather baseline data on brucellosis in livestock and wildlife, to establish brucellosis seroprevalence in domestic ruminants and humans and risk factors associated with livestock seropositivity, to assess brucellosis dynamics and impact on livestock production and reproduction and to evaluate the performance of the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) in Tanzania. The results described in this study were carried out through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. In the PRA and cross-sectional studies, rabies, tuberculosis, anthrax and brucellosis were the zoonoses most frequently identified. Cattle were frequently identified as being associated with tuberculosis, anthrax and brucellosis, whereas dogs were frequently identified as being associated with rabies. Small ruminants, pigs, cats and poultry were either infrequently, or not identified as being associated with zoonoses. Recognition of clinical signs of zoonoses in humans was better than in animals. Ingestion of animal products was a route frequently identified as transmitting zoonoses to humans. During the baseline serosurvey, seroprevalences for brucellosis were 6.2% in cattle, 6.5% in small ruminants and 13% in wildlife, respectively. Seropositivity was significantly higher in the pastoral (13.2%), followed by agro-pastoral (5.3%), and lowest in the small holder dairy system (2.3%) (p
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45

Datta, Arunava [Verfasser]. "Analysing plant invasions across multiple scales using Ageratina adenophora as a case study / Arunava Datta." Halle, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116213433X/34.

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46

Silva, Joselaine Dias de Lima. "Ñande reko arundu dos Guarani-Ñandeva da tekoha sombrerito: a educação indígena na perspectiva intercultural." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNILA, 2016. http://dspace.unila.edu.br/123456789/670.

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Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Integração Contemporânea da América Latina, da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito para obtenção de título de Mestre em Integração Contemporânea da América Latina. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Senilde Alcântara Guanaes.
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O objetivo da Dissertação está em analisar como acontece a educação escolar dos Guarani na Tekoha Sombrerito, relacionado à Educação Intercultural, apresentando as ações pedagógicas, bem como a formação dos professores indígenas no Curso Magistério Ára Verá (tempoespaço iluminado) e o Curso de Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena Teko Arandu (Viver com sabedoria) específicos aos Guarani, e ainda o processo de produção de materiais. Fez-se uso de diversos teóricos como também de pesquisas in loco focando na análise sobre como os materiais de ensino-aprendizagem podem contribuir para que aconteça o registro escrito da tradição oral existente na aldeia, estabelecendo uma relação entre os aspectos culturais Guarani e a proposta de escola diferenciada, com processos próprios de aprendizagem. Tendo como referência para pesquisa, temas como Ñande Reko Arandu, (modo de ser e viver com sabedoria) próprios da cultura Guarani; a educação escolar na Tekoha Sombrerito; a produção literária de uso didático-pedagógicos de ensino aprendizagem como um meio para a Educação Intercultural.
The aim of the Dissertation is to analyze as in the education of Guarani in Tekoha Sombrerito, related to Intercultural Education, presenting the educational activities and the training of indigenous teachers in Teaching Course Ára Verá (illuminated space-time) and the Course degree Intercultural Indigenous Teko Arandu (Living with wisdom) specific to Guarani and materials production process. There was use of various theoretical also research in focusing the analysis on the teaching-learning materials can contribute to that happening the written record of the existing oral tradition in the village, establishing a relationship between the cultural aspects Guarani and proposal for differentiated school with their own learning processes. With reference to research topics such as Ñande Reko Arandu, (way of being and living wisely) own the Guarani culture; school education in Tekoha Sombrerito; the literary production of didactic and pedagogical use as means for Intercultural Education.
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47

Bandeira, Filipa de Sousa. "Otimização da produção de xilitol por estirpes de Debaryomyces hansenii em hidrolisado de Arundo donax." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5302.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Processamento de Alimentos - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Arundo donax L. is a Mediterranean energy crop with a high potential for the production of bioenergy and added-value products. Nevertheless, its exploration within a biorefinery framework still requires further developments. This work aims to contribute for the development of a strategy to upgrade its hemicellulose fraction, by means of xylitol bioproduction. The raw material was milled and the influence of particle size on acid hydrolysis was studied. The composition of the hydrolysates and residual solids obtained did not differ significantly for the different fractions tested (< 2 mm). Three Debaryomyces hansenii strains were compared in chemically defined medium (CDM), and their tolerance and acclimatization were studied using non-detoxified hydrolysate-based medium (HM). Strain CCMI 941 presented the highest xylose consumption rate (0.26 g·L-1·h-1) in CDM and the best tolerance to the HM. For this reason, this strain was selected for the optimization of the xylitol bioprocess. The best results for xylitol yield and productivity in overall process (0.77 g·g-1 and 0.09 g·L-1·h-1, respectively) were obtained under semi-aerobic conditions, using a twofold concentrated, not supplemented, non-detoxified hydrolyzate and an inoculum with a single step of acclimatization under full aerobic conditions. This yield is one of the highest reported in literature for this strain
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48

Robertsson, Amanda, and Ester Yochim. "Nurses’ experiences of working with quality improvement in Tanzanian healthcare : A study done in Arusha." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12265.

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To constantly work with quality improvement is important to maintain a high standard of care. Tanzania is one of many countries facing challenges within the health sector due to constrained resources. Exploring the nurses’ perspective of working with quality improvement  gives a glimpse of the current situation in the Tanzanian health sector. The purpose of this study is to analyse the nurses’ experiences of working with quality improvement. For this study interviews have been conducted and then analysed through a qualitative content inductive analysis. The result showed the nurses’ experiences of obstacles and possibilities when developing the quality of care. Main categories were lack of economy, resources and staff, feeling empowered and healthy team dynamics among colleagues. During the study the authors encountered several obstacles that limited the study. An ethical approval was required, thus only six participants partook in this study. Lack of economy resulted in the biggest obstacle towards improvement as this limited investing in possible assets. The effects of good collaboration between colleagues are shown in many studies to be beneficial for the working atmosphere, which was also found in this study.
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49

Maxfield, Jason Charles. "Agricultural Management Decisions Impact Isoprene Emission and Physiology of Arundo donax, an Emerging Bioenergy Crop." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1642.

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Arundo donax (Giant Reed) is quickly being developed as a rapidly-growing, robust, and highly productive bioenergy crop, with large scale cultivation of this species planned for the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest (USA). Despite its potential as a next generation biomass crop, relatively few studies have examined the physiological performance of A. donax under agricultural conditions. Unlike traditional crops, A. donax is known to be a high-emitter of the volatile compound isoprene, which may significantly impact regional air quality, but it has not been widely cultivated in North America and little is known about how this species will perform in the Pacific Northwest. Over two field seasons, we measured isoprene fluxes from A. donax plants in both greenhouse conditions and in an agricultural field setting under a variety of conditions and fertilizer treatments. We also measured several other attributes of A. donax productivity and leaf physiology including chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, specific leaf mass, water use efficiency and gas exchange. We found that A. donax physiologically performs well under cultivation in the Columbia River basin, but that it also emits isoprene at significantly higher rates than previous reports indicate. We also found that both isoprene emission and leaf physiology were highly affected by agricultural management decisions, including nitrogen and irrigation management. Our findings indicate that crop management strategies can be developed that simultaneously seek to minimize isoprene emission while maximizing biomass production in this newly emerging bioenergy crop.
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50

Carroll, Kevin Sean. "Language Maintenance in Aruba and Puerto Rico: Understanding Perceptions of Language Threat." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195400.

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This dissertation uses qualitative research methods to describe the history of language use and maintenance on the islands of Aruba and Puerto Rico. More specifically, it examines how the islands' unique colonial circumstances have affected the maintenance of the local language. The multidisciplinary field of language planning and policy (LPP) has historically focused on documenting, categorizing and revitalizing languages that have undergone significant language shift. As a result, the majority of the discourse regarding threatened languages also implies that a threatened language will soon be endangered. The language contexts on the islands of Aruba and Puerto Rico do not conform to this often assumed linear progression. The use of document analysis, interviews with key players in LPP and observations on both islands provide the data for the position that there are unique contexts where language threat can be discussed, not in terms of language shift, but in terms of perceptions of threat. In addition to providing a detailed historical account of language situations on both islands, this dissertation frames the findings within a larger framework of redefining language threat. Special attention is paid to how social agents have influenced perceptions through the social amplification of risk framework. The work concludes with an argument for a framework that incorporates not only languages that have witnessed language shift, but also language contexts where languages are perceived to be threatened, with the understanding that such a distinction could potentially move the field of LPP toward a better understanding of language maintenance.
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