Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arunta Region'

This master thesis concerns a library in Eastern Africa and the users of that library. The aim is to describe the situation and try to assess what the users' needs and wants are. It was my belief that different cultures need different libraries. We need to ask ourselves: can we help if we do not understand the needs? There is a chapter on what has been written on libraries in Africa and African literature, including one section devoted to giving a broad background on Tanzania and the Tanzania Library Service, including history and a quick glance at Swahili and Arusha. The chapter on Arusha Regional Library makes use of the statistics from the library regarding the number of visits and the number of members. In the next chapter there is a presentation of the results of a questionnaire grouped around the different areas - literature both written and oral as well as libraries and attitudes toward literature and libraries. Followed by a section on the point of view of the library staff. They express some opinions that are contradictory both to what some of the users think and what the statistics say. In the conclusion, I bring up the fact that there are many library service needs that remain unsatisfied. The financial situation has forced Tanzania Library Service into solutions that are less than ideal. Furthermore, I make some suggestions based on my observations and on the comments made by the respondents of the questionnaire.
Uppsatsnivå: D

The tectonic evolution of the cratonic elements of Proterozoic Australia has been debated for over 20 years. There is a growing view that plate margin processes were involved in the tectonic evolution and growth of the pre-Cryogenian elements of Australia, however the timing, nature and configuration of cratonic amalgamation remains contentious. This study investigates the metamorphic, geochronological and isotopic evolution of key or debated areas of Proterozoic Australia, focusing on the proposed southern margin of the Archean to Paleoproterozoic North Australian Craton (NAC) in the Arunta Region, and eastern margin of the Archean to Paleoproterozoic West Australian Craton (WAC) in the Rudall Province. The overall aim of this study is to provide new constraints on Proterozoic tectonism in the Arunta Region and Rudall Province in order to better understand the timing and nature of Proterozoic Australia assembly. In the southern Aileron Province (Arunta Region), the Mount Hay area and Adla Domain occur close to the proposed Paleoproterozoic southern margin of the NAC. Pressure– temperature (P–T) constraints indicate the attainment of peak metamorphic conditions of ~8–10 kbar, ~850−900 °C for Mount Hay and the adjacent Capricorn Ridge, and ~7–10 kbar, ~850−900 °C for the Adla Domain fabrics. The granulite facies metamorphism postdates a period of extensive basin development in the Arunta Region between c. 1805−1780 Ma. This basin development was associated with magmatism and localised high temperature–low pressure (HTLP) metamorphism. Hf isotopic data on late Paleoproterozoic granitoids (c. 1650–1625 Ma) from the Aileron Province have isotopic compositions close to CHUR (ɛHf -6.2 to +1.5) and crustal model ages between 2200–2700 Ma. The granitoids are broadly contemporaneous with the c. 1640–1635 Ma Liebig Orogeny in the Warumpi Province, which involved coeval mafic magmatism, suggesting at least some component of extension. The Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Arunta Region (southern NAC) is considered to have involved a long-lived (>150 Ma) margin with an overall extensional character punctuated by comparatively localised and short lived periods of thickening. In the central Aileron Province, the tectonothermal evolution of the Anmatjira Range Province has been debated considerably over the last 20 years. The timing and metamorphic evolution of the Anmatjira Range was investigated using monazite U–Pb geochronology and P–T pseudosections calculated for high temperature granulite facies metapelites in the southeastern Anmatjira Range. Estimated peak conditions of ~870–920 °C and ~6.5–7.2 kbar were attained at c. 1580–1555 Ma, followed by a clockwise retrograde evolution. In the absence of concurrent magmatism, and lack of evidence of decompression from high-P conditions, the most probable driver for this metamorphism is heating largely driven by high-heat production from older granites (c. 1820–1760 Ma) in the region. To the west, the Rudall Province (eastern WAC) is one of the few localities of Proterozoic, Barrovian-style metamorphism in Australia. In several previous studies, the Rudall Province has been considered to record the collision of the WAC and NAC during the Yapungku Orogeny at c. 1780 Ma. However, prior to this study, medium-P assemblages interpreted to have grown during the Yapunkgu Orogeny (inferred thermal gradients of minimum ~60–80 °C/kbar) had not been directly age-constrained. Monazite age data on metasedimentary rocks from both medium-P and high temperature–low pressure (HTLP) assemblages, and zircon U–Pb age data from a medium-P, garnet-diopside bearing mafic amphibolite yield age populations between c. 1380 and 1275 Ma, with one monazite age population of c. 1665 Ma. No evidence for older c. 1780 Ma metamorphism was found in this study. The large age population range of c. 1380– 1275 Ma yielded in this study may be a response of a stage-wise tectonic evolution, involving the accretion of ribbons. If the Yapunkgu Orogeny does reflect the collision between the WAC and NAC, it most likely did not occur until the Mesoproterozoic, contemporaneous with initial breakup stages of supercontinent Nuna. The overall results of this work support a long-lived, retreating margin on the southern NAC during the late Paleoproterozoic, prior to the assembly of cratonic Australia in the Mesoproterozoic. The proposed Mesoproterozoic assembly negates the need for Australian cratons to be in close proximity in supercontinent Nuna reconstructions.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2015.

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The Chewings Range Quartzite is a meta-sedimentary cover sequence located in the Warumpi Province of the Arunta Region. U-Pb detrital Zircon analysis of the Chewings Range Quartzite indicates a minimum depositional age of ~ 1640Ma, with the main population of zircons residing within a range of 1700 – 1800Ma. Evidence from Sm-Nd isotopic data suggests that a series of Staurolite Garnet Schists, often grouped with the Chewings Range Quartzite, has a significantly more juvenile character. This suggests that it may represent a new unit with a significantly differing provenance to that of the Chewings Range Quartzite. Combined REE, geochemistry and detrital zircon dating suggests that the Chewings Range Quartzite was derived primarily off the Arunta Region and North Australian Craton, while the Stauralite Garnet Schists holds more affinity with juvenile Musgrave Province to the south.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2010

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LA-ICP-MS U-Pb monazite and zircon geochronology from granulite facies metapelites and granites indicate Inkamulla-aged metamorphism has occurred in the southern Aileron province, immediately east of the Mt Hay and Mt Chapple massifs. Gneissic metasediments and a granitic gneiss from an EW-striking structural belt in the southern Aileron Province yield ages reflective of the Inkamulla Igneous Event (1754-1741 Ma) and the Chewings Event (1593-1545 Ma), along with magmatic ages of 1627 and 1641 Ma. The Chewings age is interpreted to represent structural reworking associated with discrete shear zones along the northern margin of the EW belt. Magmatic ages of ca. 1640 Ma typically associated with Warumpi Province magmatism and deformation are found within the study area, which weakens the argument that the Warumpi terrane is exotic from the Aileron Province. The metamorphic conditions of 780-920°C and 5-10 kbars indicate an elevated geothermal gradient.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2012

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The Amadeus Basin is a Late Proterozoic to early Phanerozoic basin in central Australia, which records a complex sedimentation and thermal history throughout the basin. This study presents new analysis of zircon and apatite samples for detrital provenance and thermal evolution, focused in the southern Amadeus Basin (KULGERA). While the thermal history and provenance are well constrained for the north, such data for the southern region of the basin are lacking. Nineteen outcrop samples are analysed for detrital zircon U-Pb and provenance and one BR05DD01 drill-core sample is analysed for the AUPb and AFT ages. All sampled zircons share a similar prominent peak at ca. 1086 – 1163 Ma and a second prominent peak at ca. 1554 – 1791 Ma. However, all formations do not share a similar provenance due to the major tectonic events from the Musgrave Province and Arunta Region influencing sedimentation and architecture in the Amadeus Basin. Two age peaks derived in the AFT plot at114 +/- 11 Ma and 223 +/- 13 Ma suggest an extensive thermal history in the apatite partial annealing zone. Due to the insufficient number of analysed apatite grains, this hinders the identification of age populations and more detailed age calculations. More data would be required for the apatite analysis in order to conclude a specified age population and age calculation.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, YEAR

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The Arunta Inlier preserves a complex structural history, subject to a series of igneous, metamorphic and deformational events from the Paleoproterozoic to the mid-Paleozoic. U-Pb detrital zircon ages from Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sediments at Ormiston Gorge coincide with the timing of various tectonic phases in the Arunta Inlier. First order interpretations suggest that the Northern Arunta Inlier was the source of the oldest zircons recorded at ~1820 Ma, coinciding with the timing of the Stafford Event. The Strangways Orogeny at ~1770 Ma and 1730 Ma is the earliest deformation preserved in the Central Arunta Inlier and is probably the source of zircons accumulated in these sediments. Zircons post-dating the Strangways Orogeny are likely sourced from the Southern Arunta Inlier, coinciding with the Argilke Tectonic Event at ~1680 Ma, the Chewings Orogeny at ~1600 Ma, the Anmatjira Uplift Phase at 1500-1400 Ma and the emplacement of the Teapot Granite Complex at ~1140 Ma. The Neoproterozoic Heavitree Range Quartzite sediments represent initial deposition in the Amadeus Basin, which forms the remnant of a once much larger intracratonic basin in central Australia known as the Centralian Superbasin. The Arunta Inlier was exhumed from beneath the Centralian Superbasin during the Devonian-Carboniferous Alice Springs Orogeny, forming a series of subbasins including the Amadeus, Ngalia and Georgina Basins. North-south crustal compression during this Orogeny reactivated a series of steep north-dipping Mesoproterozoic fault structures including the Redbank shear zone and the Ormiston thrust zone. The northern Amadeus Basin is characterised by coupled basement and cover deformation, producing a series of basement-rooted south-propagating thrusts, which penetrate the basal Heavitree Range Quartzite. Structural cross-sections constructed across the Ormiston region propose a series of splay thrusts within the Ormiston thrust zone, with the basement and Heavitree Quartzite heavily deformed. The conformably overlying Bittersprings Formation comprises salts and evaporates, interpreted as a detachment layer. 40Ar/39Ar muscovite dating of mylonitic shear zones at Ormiston Gorge have constrained ‘peak deformation’ conditions in the region to a minimum age of 350 ± 3 Ma. Mineral assemblages formed in the surrounding areas reflect greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism, with temperatures reaching at least 350°C.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, YEAR

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The southern margin of the North Australian Craton (NAC) has been suggested to represent a long-lived (c. 1860 to 1600 Ma) active margin that preserves a cryptic record of the growth and assembly of the Australian continent. The Warumpi Province is juxtaposed against the southern Aileron Province, and has been interpreted as exotic to the NAC, though the timing of collision between the Warumpi Province and the southern Aileron Province is contentious. U-Pb zircon and monazite LA-ICP-MS geochronology from granulite facies metapelites and granitic gneisses along the southern margin of the Aileron Province and northern margin of the Warumpi Province, has shown it is characterised by c. 1780-1740 Ma magmatic rocks and c. 1640-1615 Ma magmatic and metamorphic rocks. The evidence for these events is preserved in kilometre-scale migmatitic boudins and low-strain zones enveloped by pervasive E-W trending higher strain belts. The overprinting high strain fabrics are Grenvillian age and constrained to c. 1175-1070 Ma. Phase equilibria modelling on a garnet-sillimanite-cordierite metapelite dated at c.1616 Ma, from a low-strain domain within the southern Aileron Province, indicates that peak metamorphic conditions were ~7-8 kbar and between 740-900 °C, and were associated with a down-pressure or decompressional P-T history. A metamorphic monazite age of c.1620 Ma was also preserved in a granitic gneiss located in an older, low-strain domain. The presence of the c. 1760 Ma and c. 1640 Ma timelines in both the Warumpi and Aileron Provinces calls into question the proposed exotic nature of the Warumpi Province. A speculative interpretation is that the Liebig-aged metamorphism and magmatism, seemingly associated with relatively shallow orientated, low strain fabrics, represents a period of extension rather than collision.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2012

The aim of this research is of limited scope; it intended to examine how secondary school teachers experience the implementation of the competency-based curriculum in Tanzania. The study employed a descriptive case study design where eight participants provided in-depth data through face-to-face interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis. The in-depth data was gathered in natural school settings, an aspect which enhanced the study’s validity. After transcribing the interviews, an open coding process was undertaken and a theme comparison approach applied. The findings indicated that the participants had a limited understanding of the curriculum: they were happy in their teaching profession regardless of competence-based curriculum challenges; they were experiencing multiple challenges, the key ones being lack of participation in curriculum design and implementation; lack of quality text books and lastly, they were not motivated to implement the competency- based curriculum. The study concludes by providing relevant recommendations to various stakeholders including the teachers themselves, the Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE), the Ministry of Regional Administration and Local Government (MORALG).
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

This study investigated the role of an invasive tall cane, Arundo donax L. (Arundo), in the riparian water cycle. Four 100 meter transects were arrayed perpendicular to the lower Rio Grande in southwest Texas. The first objective was to determine the primary water source for Arundo by using naturally occurring stable isotopes. Surface soil, river water, groundwater, precipitation and rhizome samples were collected every month during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons, which coincided with a major flood that saturated soils in the first year followed by extreme drought in the second year. The second objective was to characterize how Arundo water use varied with water availability gradients in the riparian zone. Leaf gas exchange and leaf delta13C were measured along potential moisture gradients. The third objective was to understand the interaction between groundwater and surface water, and whether Arundo water use affected daily groundwater fluctuations. The isotope ratio of rhizome water was consistent with shallow soil moisture uptake and with previous observations of a relatively shallow, fibrous root system. Floodwater from July 2010 persisted in the soil for at least a year despite a severe drought, and became the dominant water source for Arundo during much of the study period. Although the alluvial water table in this floodplain was shallow (< 6 m) and subject to changes in river level, groundwater seemed not to be an important source for Arundo, so long as the soil moisture was sufficient. In this study, Arundo was not found to experience soil moisture limitation, and the spatial variability of Arundo transpiration was not associated with any soil moisture availability gradients. Arundo was found to close its stomata in response to increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD), causing declining transpiration rate and increasing leaf delta13C composition. Significant exchange between the river and the alluvial groundwater was reflected in the similarity of isotopic compositions and the high correlation between river and groundwater elevations. Cross correlation analysis showed that over 50% of the diurnal groundwater fluctuations were caused by river stage changes. Consistent with the above ecophysiological and stable isotope results, Arundo water use was not found to influence daily groundwater fluctuations.