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Journal articles on the topic 'Artur Philosophy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Halwa, Adrianna. "Obecność mitu tristanowskiego w nowoczesnej literaturze, filozofii i muzyce." Tematy i Konteksty 12, no. 17 (2022): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.2022.28.

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Adrianna Halwa presents a review of the book by Artur Żywiołek “Tristitia moderna – pasja mitu tristanowskiego w nowoczesnej literaturze, filozofii i muzyce” [Tristitia moderna – the passion of the Tristan myth in modern literature, philosophy and music]. Artur Żywiołek in his monograph shows the presence and changes of the Tristan myth in European culture. The author analyzes the turning point of the Modernist era, when there were revolutionary changes in literature, music and philosophy. Żywiołek examines this phenomenon in relation to the Tristan myth, its new interpretations, as well as symbols and cultural codes that it has developed since the Middle Ages.

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Chojnowski, Zbigniew. "Mit tristanowski." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 51, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.614.

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The article attempts to discuss and evaluate the book The Passion of the Tristan Myth in Modern Literature, Philosophy, and Music by Artur Żywiołek, which was published in Cracow in 2021. The reviewer starts with the legend of Tristan and Isolde, which the book explores through modernity. According to the author of the article, the book about Tristan myth combines methodologies of such fields as literary studies, musicology, history, cultural studies and philosophy in a great way. In the conclusions, the reviewer evaluates the book in a favourable light, and states that it constitutes an original analysis which will have a considerable influence on the comparative studies.

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Mańko, Rafał. "Artur Kozak’s Juriscentrist Concept of Law: a Central European Innovation in Legal Theory." Review of Central and East European Law 45, no. 2-3 (June 23, 2020): 334–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja04502003.

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Artur Kozak (1960–2009) was one of the most original and innovative philosophers of law to emerge from the so-called ‘middle generation’ of Polish post-War jurisprudence. Kozak’s principal achievement was to break away from the analytical paradigm of legal theory, dominant in the in Poland at the time, and engage legal theory in a fruitful dialogue with contemporary sociology and philosophy, including such currents as social constructionism or postmodernism. To name his original theoretical project, Kozak coined a new term – ‘juriscentrism’ (juryscentryzm), consciously evoking Richard Rorty’s concept of ethnocentrism. Juriscentrist legal theory was mainly focused on providing legitimacy for the newly gained power of the legal community in a post-socialist society, but its theoretical resonance is universal. Kozak’s premature death made it impossible to complete the theoretical project of juriscentrism, nonetheless he managed to elaborate its main tenets, including the concept of juristic discretional power and a juriscentrist concept of law. Kozak’s legacy in contemporary Polish legal theory is particularly visible in Wrocław, where not only the post-analytical paradigm in Poland is the strongest, but also the first Polish school of critical legal theory has recently emerged.

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Winchester, James. "Against the Received Wisdom, Wagner and Nietzsche Together Again: A Response to Claus-Artur Scheier." Southern Journal of Philosophy 37, S1 (March 1999): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1999.tb01796.x.

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Nunes, Maria de Fátima. "Ciência e cultura, coleções e museus: olhares sobre um «Portugal e a cultura europeia», no século XX…" Revista de História das Ideias 34 (November 18, 2016): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_34_11.

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Sob o signo de «Portugal e a cultura europeia», no século XX, faz-se uma incursão pela história da cultura científica que agrega Congressos científicos, Museus de História Natural e Coleções como cultura material. Artur Ricardo Jorge (1886-1972), naturalista e diretor do Museu Bocage em Lisboa, assume neste estudo o papel de protagonista para seguir o debate sobre o papel dos Museus de História Natural na política científica, na investigação e na educação científica. Um estudo de caso que permite confirmar uma agenda de história das práticas científicas e culturais sobre a participação de Portugal nas redes internacionais de troca de conhecimentos e de circulação científica, neste caso de Naturalistas/ Zoologia, no período do Estado Novo.

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Nunes, Maria de Fátima, and Elisabete Pereira. "Materialidades e cultura científica transnacional dos objetos: o 12º Congresso Internacional de Zoologia, Lisboa, 1935." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 29, no. 3 (September 2022): 853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702022000300015.

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Resumo O 12º Congresso Internacional de Zoologia realizou-se em Lisboa, em 1935. Da sua memória concreta constam insígnias – estrela-do-mar – e caricaturas de zoólogos. A partir de investigação no Arquivo do Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência/Universidade de Lisboa, pretendemos interrogar a cenografia material, pensada pelo zoólogo Artur Ricardo Jorge pela aproximação epistémica às potencialidades da biografia de objetos científicos. Esta nota de pesquisa pretende deixar a marca de um discurso científico traduzido em materialidades de circulação em espaço público, na Europa globalizante dos anos 1930, com referências de poder científico, no contexto do Estado Novo português, inaugurado, constitucionalmente, em 1933.

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Moreira, Virlene Cardoso. "Ações pioneiras do ensino de pediatria no Brasil: Carlos Artur Moncorvo de Figueiredo (Moncorvo pai) e a Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro, 1882-1901." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 27, no. 2 (June 2020): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702020000200009.

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Resumo O artigo analisa as atividades científicas de Carlos Artur Moncorvo de Figueiredo desenvolvidas na Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro, fundada por ele. As ações profissionais e políticas desse médico foram fundamentais à implementação da pediatria, tanto no campo do estabelecimento de um espaço técnico de cura como na formação de uma cátedra especial de ensino da pediatria nas faculdades de medicina do Império, à época sediadas na Corte e em Salvador. O que se encontrará aqui é uma defesa de que a pediatria surgiu como desdobramento de um movimento pela implementação da medicina experimental, e não como uma questão social em torno do combate à mortalidade infantil, como comumente se encontra implícito na historiografia.

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Tokarska-Bakir, Joanna. "Dwugłos o budowniczym. O Izabeli Wagner i Artura Domosławskiego biografiach Zygmunta Baumana." Zoon Politikon 12 (February 16, 2022): 188–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543408xzop.21.007.15376.

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Artykuł zestawia ze sobą i problematyzuje dwie godne odnotowania biografie wybitnego socjologa i filozofa społecznego, Zygmunta Baumana, autorstwa Izabeli Wagner i Artura Domosławskiego, dokonując analizy zawartego w nich przekazu na tle powojennej polskiej historii politycznej i kulturowej. TWO VOICES ON THE BUILDER. IZABELA WAGNER AND ARTUR DOMOSŁAWSKI ON ZYGMUNT BAUMAN This paper crisscrosses and binds two remarkable biographies of renowned sociologist and social philosopher Zygmunt Bauman: that by Izabela Wagner and Artur Domosławski, juxtaposing their messages against the background of Polish postwar political and cultural history.

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Waligóra, Agnieszka. "Konwersje autotematyzmu albo autotematyzm jako szansa zwrotu." Wielogłos, no. 2 (48) (December 31, 2021): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.21.016.14344.

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Conversions of “Autothematicism,” or Autothematicismas a Possibility of a Turn The article is an attempt to describe autothematicism [autotematyzm] – a term coined in Poland by Artur Sandauer in the mid-20th century, referring to the quality of radically meta-reflexive works – from seven complementary perspectives. The Sandauerian understanding of the concept of metareflection was slightly different from the Western visions of mise-en-abyme or metafiction; it was described in the context of German idealistic philosophy and aesthetics. Sandauer defined the artistic “theme” as an objectivization of content (an author’s perceptions and experiences); therefore “autothematicism” is not synonymous with the other terms mentioned above, which can provide interesting interpretations of self-referential works. The present paper shows that the Sandauerian concept of self-referentiality can be seen as an end product of various transformations (conversions): literature’s (or the subject’s) retreat from all kinds of transcendence and reality, self-reflection of the creative “I,” or the text’s orientation to its own ontology. However, this understanding can be reversed. Autothematicism (as an operative concept) can also be seen as a mechanism that enables the autonomous positioning of art in relation to the “reality” it co-constructs, which enables literature to take active participation in the rebuilding of the world.

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Maehle, Andreas-Holger. "Ambiguous cells: the emergence of the stem cell concept in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65, no. 4 (July 27, 2011): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2011.0023.

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This paper elucidates the origins of scientific work on stem cells. From the late nineteenth century onwards, the notion of stem cells became customary in scientific communities of Imperial Germany. Adopting the term Stammzelle from Ernst Haeckel, Theodor Boveri was influential in introducing the concept in embryological studies and early genetics around 1900, describing a capacity of stem cells for self-renewal as well as differentiation. At the same time, blood stem cells were conceptualized by histologists such as Ernst Neumann and Artur Pappenheim in studies of physiological haematopoiesis and various forms of leukaemia. Furthermore, building on Julius Cohnheim's theory that tumours arise from ‘embryonic remnants’ in the adult body, pathologists aimed at identifying the cells of origin, particularly in the embryo-like teratomas. Embryonic stem cells thus assumed an ambiguous status, partly representing common heritage and normal development, and partly being seen as potential causes of cancer if they had been left behind or displaced during ontogeny. In the 1950s and 1960s experimental research on teratocarcinomas by Leroy Stevens and Barry Pierce in the USA brought together the strands of embryological and pathological work. Alongside the work of Ernest McCulloch and James Till at the Ontario Cancer Institute from the early 1960s on stem cells in haematopoiesis, this led into the beginnings of modern stem cell research.

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Dziuba, Andrzej F. "Magdalena PŁOTKA, Joanna PYŁAT, Artur ANDRZEJUK (red.), Filozofia na Polskim Uniwersytecie na Obczyźnie/Philosophy at the Polish University Abroad, Wydawnictwo von Borowiecky, Warszawa-Londyn 2014, ss. 308." Collectanea Theologica 87, no. 3 (March 30, 2018): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/ct.2017.87.3.13.

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12

Knoll, Joachim H. "Artur Dariusz Kubacki / Isabel Röskau-Rydel (Hg.): Literatur und Kultur zwischen Ost und West. Imagination, Kommunikation und Wahrnehmung in regionalen Kulturräumen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlage, 2020, 216 S." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 73, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700739-07304011.

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13

Santana, Genildo Firmino, and José Carvalho. "Poesia, filosofia e educação." Trilhas Filosóficas 12, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v12i1.32.

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Resumo: Neste artigo pretende-se trabalhar o triálogo entre a Poesia, a Filosofia e a Educação numa perspectiva pedagógica e filosófica partindo-se do princípio de que a comunicação entre as áreas do saber favorece a relação ensino-aprendizagem. A Poesia, mais precisamente o cordel, pode ser utilizada como ferramenta pedagógica em várias áreas do ensino, como também pode ser propícia ao Ensino de Filosofia nos anos do Ensino Fundamental e Médio. A relação entre as três pode ser, metodologicamente, um contributo ao ensino no sentido de linguagem e método possíveis de aplicabilidade no processo cognitivo do discente. Nossa metodologia consiste em aplicar a literatura de cordel após a leitura de textos filosóficos. Apoiar-nos-emos em textos de filósofos previamente escolhidos e em textos da literatura de cordel, mais precisamente nos cordéis do Professor e poeta Lindoaldo Campos. Historicamente, Poesia e Filosofia mantém um íntimo diálogo. A proposta que segue pretende conduzir esse diálogo à educação, efetivamente. A prática da Poesia em sala de aula já constitui uma realidade em vários educandários. O passo que se dá aqui é a utilização da Poesia nas aulas de Filosofia, mais precisamente, e a possibilidade de tal prática favorecer a educação, bem como a atitude do filosofar. Palavras-chave: Poesia. Filosofia. Educação. Pedagogia. Abstract: In this article, we intend to develop the dialogue between Poetry, Philosophy, and Education in a pedagogical a philosophy perspective, departing from the principle that the communication between the areas of knowledge favors the relationship teaching-learning. Poetry, more precisely the cordel, can be used as a pedagogical tool in various areas of knowledge. The relationship between the three can have, methodologically, a contribution to teaching in the sense of possible language and method of applicability in the cognitive process of the student. Our methodology consists in applying cordel literature after reading philosophical texts. We will rely on texts of previously chosen philosophers and texts of cordel literature, more precisely on the lines of Professor and poet Lindoaldo Campos. Historically, poetry and philosophy maintain an intimate dialogue. The proposal that follows is to bring this dialogue to education, empirically. Instead, the practice of poetry in the classroom is already a reality in many schools, our goal is, favoring learning and the attitude towards philosophy, the use of poetry in Philosophy classes, more precisely. Keywords: Poetry. Philosophy. Education. Pedagogy. REFERÊNCIAS BOA, Geraldo Fernandes Fonte. Filosofia e Poesia: a Linguagem Como Ponte e Não Como Ponto. Revista Digital FAPAM, Pará de Minas, v.6, n.6, 134-141, dez. 2015. CÂMARA, Dom Hélder. As Sete Palavras de Cristo na Cruz. São Paulo: Ed. Paulinas, 1997. CAMPOS, Lindoaldo. Coleção Filosofia em Cordel. Editor: Israel Maria dos Santos Segundo. Diagramação: Agostinho Francisco dos Santos. Gráfica Seridó/Caicó-RN, 2015. (ISBN 9788591711963) DURANT, Will. Os Grandes Pensadores. Tradução de Monteiro Lobato. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional. 1967. FRANCO JÚNIOR, Hilário. A Idade Média: O Nascimento do Ocidente. São Paulo. Brasiliense. 1995. GEBARA, Ana Elvira Luciano. A Poesia na Escola. São Paulo: Ed. Cortez. 3ª Edição. 2012. HAURÉLIO, Marco. Breve História da Literatura de Cordel. Riacho de Santana: Editora Claridade, 2010. HAURÉLIO, Marco. Literatura de Cordel: Do Sertão à Sala de Aula. São Paulo: Paulus, 2013. JAEGER, Werner. Paideia: A Formação do homem Grego. Trad. Artur M. Parreira. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1986. PINHEIRO, Hélder. Poesia na sala de aula. 3.ed. Campina Grande: Bagagem, 2007. PRADO, Adélia. Poesia Reunida. São Paulo: Saraiva. 1999. SILVA, Maria Aparecida de Oliveira. Plutarco e Roma: O mundo Grego no Império. São Paulo, Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. 2016 SOUZA, Natan Severo de; PRAXEDES, Maria Fernandes de Andrade; LIMA NETO, Isaías Serafim de. A poesia como instrumento didático de reflexão no ensino de filosofia: diálogo possível. II CONEDU – Congresso Nacional de Educação. Disponível em: http://www.editorarealize.com.br/revistas/conedu/trabalhos/TRABALHO_EV045_MD1_SA6_ID2059_17082015161431.pdf. Acesso em 25/07/2019.

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CALLEJÓN, Encarnación Ruiz. "PHILOSOPHICAL PATHOS IN MARÍA ZAMBRANO AND ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER." International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on the Dialogue between Sciences & Arts, Religion & Education 5, no. 1 (November 24, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/mcdsare.2021.5.11-20.

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This work first analyses María Zambrano's reflections on the limits of philosophy, based on the suspicion of its vanity and the ambivalence of its origins. Zambrano explores the genealogy of the traditional conception of the origin of philosophy as wonder, a wonder that she would share with poetry. She postulates a horizon of the conjunction of philosophy and poetry, to respond to the wonder at reality, but she also refers to the possibility of rescuing a more venerable form of philosophy. Secondly the work examines whether Schopenhauer's philosophy, with its proverbial pessimism and its conception of philosophical admiration as dismay, could be regarded as an example of this venerable form of philosophy and, finally, whether aspiring to create this conjunction with poetry is still philosophy.

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Sainsbury, R. M. "Bertrand Arthur William Russell." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (March 1986): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004144.

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Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), born in Trelleck, Wales, was the grandson of the first Earl Russell, who introduced the Reform Bill of 1832 and served as prime minister under Queen Victoria. He studied mathematics and philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1890–1894, was a Fellow of Trinity College, 1895–1901, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1908, and was a lecturer in philosophy, 1910–1916. Among his publications in philosophy in this period were An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry (1897), A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz (1900), The Principles of Mathematics (1903), Principia Mathematica (with A. N. Whitehead, 1910–1913), The Problems of Philosophy (1912) and Our Knowledge of the External World (1914).

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ILE, James Onyebuchi. "The Philosophy of Being and Practical Criticism: The Prime Minister’s Son and Secrets." Nile Journal of English Studies 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v1i1.34.

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The Philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer, is regarded as the great pessimist of philosophy. It is in his philosophy that one can locate Greg Mbajiorgu’s and Nuruddin Farah’s The Prime Minister’s Son and Secrets respectively. Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy was a reaction to both Kantian and Hegelian Philosophies. The objective of this essay was to see where Greg Mbajiorgu’s The Prime Minister’s Son and Nuruddin Farah’s Secrets complied with Schopenhauer’s idea of the absurd, which the world is. The questions the essay tried to answer are: Why is there so much suffering in the world? Why did the characters such as Ezinma and her son have to endure so much suffering in The Prime Minister’s Son? Why did Damac have to be gang-raped in Secrets? Why do we hold secrets? Why are there taboos, which humans will so willingly not adhere to in their privacy? The paper sought answers to these questions in the two texts under study using qualitative method. Quantitative data in the form of interview published in a book was also used to support both the deductive and inductive analysis of texts. The importance of this research paper cannot be overemphasized when one considers the suffering that most humankind experience in the process of living. It is expected to provide enlightenment to Governments of the world, especially in developing countries on the need to reducing the suffering that many in these countries face.

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Burmistrov, Sergey Leonidovich. "Paul Deussen as a Philosopher." Philosophy of Religion: Analytic Researches 5, no. 1 (2021): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2587-683x-2021-5-1-47-67.

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Paul Deussen (1845–1919) as a philosopher followed Arthur Schopenhauer and in his main philosophical work “The Elements of Metaphysics” developed the teaching of the universal Will that reveals itself in living beings as organs of the body and instincts and in human being – as personal will. Intellect is the highest form of the Will but it can free itself – temporarily in esthetic contemplation and totally in overcoming the Will by the Will itself. Deussen’s interest to the philosophy of Schopenhauer influenced his interests in Oriental studies. He analyzed Indian philosophy in comparison with the European one. He discovered nonrandom similarities between philosophical teachings formed in these cultures that, in his opinion, testified to the principal unity of laws of philosophical thought that do not depend on the cultural affiliation of a thinker. Basing on this, he put the problem of possibility and ways of comparative study of philosophy. In his interpretation of Indian philosophy he reproduced and developed the ideas of German Romanticists who searched new ways of cultural development beyond the sphere of Western civilization. Deussen’s interests in Indian philosophy were in fact the continuation of his general philosophical interests. But they are demanded also today inasmuch as philosophical comparative studies offer the challenge for that intercultural philosophy having as it is also religious dimension which was worked on by Paul Deussen as one among the earliest scholars.

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Uebel, Thomas. "Acts, Events, and Stories. On the History of Danto’s Compatibilist Narrativism." Journal of the Philosophy of History 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 47–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341412.

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Abstract The response given to C.G. Hempel’s well-known challenge by Arthur Danto in his Analytical Philosophy of History of 1965 – that deductive-nomological and narrative explanations are logically compatible yet employ incommensurable schemata – is here investigated from a historical perspective. It is shown that the developmental trajectory that emerges from an analysis of Danto’s previous writings – including not only a forgotten paper of 1958 but also his PhD dissertation of 1952 – contains distinctive step-changes with publications of 1953 and 1956 still prior to that of 1958–59 which enabled his subsequent discovery of narrative sentences. It is also argued that Danto’s developmental trajectory runs contrary to that presumed by some prominent commentators. Analytical History of Philosophy was not the midpoint of his ascent from mainstream philosopher of science to high priest of postmodern aesthetics, but represents a reasoned retreat from his early historical idealism.

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Melville, Stephen. "‘Art and Objecthood’, Philosophy." Journal of Visual Culture 16, no. 1 (April 2017): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412916689485.

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This article explores the relations between philosophy, criticism and art history in the work of Arthur Danto, on the one hand, and Stanley Cavell and Michael Fried on the other, arguing that in the 50 years since the publication of ‘Art and Objecthood’, that essay’s terms of argument and expression have become increasingly hard to make out.

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Ristic, Stefan. "Why is substitutional theory of representation inconsistent when combined with traditional aesthetics? Review of A.C. Danto’s philosophy of art." Filozofija i drustvo, no. 29 (2006): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0629163r.

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This article intends to critically envisage limits and values of philosophy of art of Arthur Danto and to point out the main problems of the theory of supstitutional representation, when placed within wider theoretical frame of traditional aesthetics, such as the notion of meaning in the philosophy of art of Arthur Danto. The article focuses on the notions of exteral and interal representation and denotation of non-existent and existent entities substituted by representation. This article intends to question the validity of Danto?s position.

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Beaney, Michael. "Historiography, Philosophy of History and the Historical Turn in Analytic Philosophy." Journal of the Philosophy of History 10, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341321.

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This article has three main interconnected aims. First, I illustrate the historiographical conceptions of three early analytic philosophers: Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein. Second, I consider some of the historiographical debates that have been generated by the recent historical turn in analytic philosophy, looking at the work of Scott Soames and Hans-Johann Glock, in particular. Third, I discuss Arthur Danto’s Analytic Philosophy of History, published 50 years ago, and argue for a reinvigorated analytic philosophy of history.

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Melo, Angélica Lima, and Amanda Gomes Pereira. "Apontamentos sobre a emancipação humana nas obras de juventude marxiana (1843-1844)." Trilhas Filosóficas 11, no. 3 (April 17, 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v11i3.3389.

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Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma breve discussão sobre o conceito emancipação humana, numa trajetória perpassada por influências teóricas e metodológicas que contribuíram para a construção do pensamento de Karl Marx. Nele, foi feita uma revisão literária contida nas obras de 1843 e 1844, Crítica da Filosofia do Direito de Hegel, Para a Questão Judaica, Introdução a Crítica da Filosofia do Direito, Glosas Críticas Marginais e a obra O Jovem Marx 1843-1844: as origens da ontologia do Ser Social. O intuito é estabelecer um debate acerca das relações e diálogos teóricos iniciais do pensamento do autor que fazem emergir suas análises sobre a condição humana e o materialismo histórico. Para tal, recorre-se aos estudos já realizados pelos jovens hegelianos, suas influências intelectuais, em especial, Feuerbach. Em 1844, Marx conhece Engels e juntos tornaram-se adeptos ao socialismo, a pesquisa de Marx ganha uma modificação teórica e material, o autor percebe que a democracia não seria capaz de remodelar a história social alemã, acredita que emancipação deve conter um aspecto “real”, nesse momento ele visualiza o papel do proletariado como elemento indispensável no processo de revolução social, o socialismo contribuiria para a concretização da emancipação humana. Palavras-chave: Emancipação. Materialismo Histórico. Proletariado. Democracia. Socialismo. Revolução social. Abstract: This work aims to make a brief discussion about the concept of human emancipation, in a trajectory pervaded by theoretical and methodological influences that contributed to the construction of the Karl Marx thought, accompanying the literary revision contained in the works of 1843 and 1844, Critique of Philosophy of Hegel's Right for the Jewish Question, Introduction to the Critique of the Philosophy of Law, Marginal Critical Glosas, and The Young Marx 1843-1844: The Origins of the Ontology of Social Being. In 1843 Marx understands that democracy could modify Germany's social reality by contributing to the process of emancipation, in this endeavor, resorts to the studies already carried out by young Hegelians their intellectual influences, especially Feuerbach. In 1844 Marx met Engels and together became adherents to socialism, Marx's research gains a theoretical and material change, the author realizes that democracy would not be able to reshape German social history, believes that emancipation must contain a "real" "At that moment he envisions the proletarian figure as an indispensable element in the process of social revolution, socialism would contribute to the realization of human emancipation. Keywords: Emancipation. Historical Materialism. Proletariat. Democracy. Socialism. Social revolution. REFERÊNCIAS BETTOMORE, Tom. Dicionário do Pensamento Marxista. Tradução Waltensir Dutra. Rio de Janeiro; Zahar, 2013. Disponível em<http://www.4shared.com/office/CDqABj5G/dicionrio-do-pensamentomarxis.html>. Acesso em 19 de setembro de 2015. FREDERICO, Celso. O jovem Marx (1843-1844): As origens da ontologia do ser social 2.ed.. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2009. MARX, K. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. Tradução Jesus Ranieri. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2004. MARX, K.; ENGELS, F. A sagrada família. Tradução de Marcelo Bakes. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2003. MARX, Karl. O Manifesto Comunista. São Paulo: Boitempo, 1998. MARX, K. Glosas críticas marginais ao artigo "O rei da Prússia e a reforma social". De um Prussiano, Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate, Londrina, v. 3, n. 1, p. 142155, fev. 2011. Disponível em html: <http://www.marxists.org/portugues/marx/1844/08/07.htm>. Acesso em fevereiro de 2016. MARX, Karl; ENGELS, Friedrich. A ideologia alemã. Introdução de Jacob Gorender e Ttradução de Luis Claudio de Castro e Costa. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1998. MARX, Karl. Crítica da filosofia do direito de Hegel. Tradução de Rubens Enderle e Leonardo de Deus. 2.ed. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2010. MARX, Karl. Sobre a questão judaica. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2010. KARL, Marx. Para a crítica da filosofia do direito de Hegel. Tradução Artur Morão. Covilhã, Lusofia, 2008. Disponível em: <https://www.google.com.br/search?q=KARL%2C+Marx.+Para+a+crítica+da+filosofia +do+direito+de+Hegel.+Tradução+Artur+Morão.+Covilhã%2C+Lusofia%2C+2008>. Acesso em outubro de 2015 às 14h00min. MARX, K.; ENGELS, F. A ideologia alemã. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2007 MARX, Karl. A Questão Judaica. São Paulo: Centauro, 2005.NETTO, José Paulo. Marxismo impenitente: contribuição à história das idéias marxistas. São Paulo: Cortez, 2004. SIQUEIRA, Sandra M. M.; PEREIRA, Francisco. Aspectos da vida e da obra de Marx e Engels . Salvador-BA: Lemarx, 2011. Disponível em: <https://www.google.com.br/webhp?sourceid=chromeinstant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF8#q=refer%C3%AAncia+Aspectos+da+vida+ea+obra+de+Marx+e+Engels+Sandra+M .+M.+Siqueira+e+Francisco+Pereira+Lemarx,+2011>. Acesso em dezembro de 2015. TONET, Ivo. A propósito de “Glosas Críticas”. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2010. TONET, Ivo. A propósito de “glosas críticas”. In: MARX, Karl. Glosas críticas marginais ao artigo “O rei da Prússia e a reforma de social” de um prussiano. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2010.

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Kornev, V., and M. Belova. "Arthur Kaufmann’s understanding Philosophy of Law." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 5 (May 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013207690004856-3.

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Little, John. "Arthur Charlesby—Philosophy and quantum theory." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 51, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(97)00255-7.

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Poole, Randall A. "Beyond Modernity: Russian Religious Philosophy and Post-Secularism. Ed. Artur Mrόwczyński-Van Allen, Teresa Obolevitch, and Paweł Rojek. Ex Oriente Lux: New Perspectives on Russian Religious Philosophers, vol. 1. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2016. x, 273 pp. Paper." Slavic Review 77, no. 4 (2018): 1131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2018.358.

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Carroll, Noël. "History and the Philosophy of Art." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 3 (2011): 370–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x599862.

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Abstract In this essay I trace the role of history in the philosophy of art from the early twentieth century to the present, beginning with the rejection of history by formalists like Clive Bell. I then attempt to show how the arguments of people like Morris Weitz and Arthur Danto led to a re-appreciation of history by philosophers of art such as Richard Wollheim, Jerrold Levinson, Robert Stecker and others.

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Massano, Paula. "Philosophy and History of Latin American Ideas in Arturo Roig." Educación, Lenguaje y Sociedad 18, no. 18 (July 7, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/els-2020-181808.

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Ebadi, Behrooz. "Arrow of time: a physical concept with philosophical roots." International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences 9, no. 3 (June 2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14331/ijfps.2019.330129.

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The notion of “time” is one of the key concepts in physics and philosophy and it “occupies a key role to bridge domains of experience belonging to the spiritual and physical sides of our nature” as says Sir Arthur Eddington. This essay has for subject, historical and philosophical origins of “arrow of time” as a physical notion. It is a case in which we can clearly see the close interplay between physics and philosophy.

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KELAM, IVICA, and LUKA RAŠIĆ. "THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOPENHAUER’S AND NIETZSCHE’S PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL PESSIMISM." Arhe 27, no. 33 (December 5, 2020): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/arhe.2020.33.243-265.

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This paper gives a particular overview of reflections on education by two renowned philosophers of West European culture, Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche. What links their philosophy of education is the inclination towards the more complete shaping of a man. Nietzsche is a great supporter of Schopenhauer's understanding of philosophy as a philosophy of life. However, while Schopenhauer remained imprisoned in the world of pessimism, Nietzsche overcame the pessimistic view of the world with the image of a creative artist who consistently sets his life in motion, while enjoying his art of living. The thing they have in common is extreme individualism – the understanding of philosophy as the liberation of inner life. Arthur Schopenhauer perceived a man as a being of will that succumbs to laws of nature and the lower levels of humanity – will and passion. Friedrich Nietzsche saw a man as a being of will for power, emphasizing the power of the urgent and irrational one. Schopenhauer gave the pessimistic view of a man who is under the power of an unquenchable lust for life, whereas Nietzsche gave a nihilistic view of the world, in which he advocated demolishing and putting an end to the old values. In Nietzsche's opinion, a nihilist is someone who sees everything as pointless and futile. Arthur Schopenhauer had a significant influence, not only on Friedrich Nietzsche but also on some other great men of his time, who mostly did not support his philosophy in its entirety. Understanding the world in Schopenhauer's way came to life at the end of the 19th century and later, primarily because of Friedrich Nietzsche. This was an era in which social sciences finally began to develop separately, but at the same time complement each other. Due to this interaction, it was possible for Schopenhauer, and through him also for Nietzsche, to have such a significant influence on the European spiritual life.

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Petracca, Enrico, and Shaun Gallagher. "Economic cognitive institutions." Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 6 (April 6, 2020): 747–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137420000144.

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AbstractThis paper introduces the notion of ‘cognitive’ institution and discusses its relevance to institutional economics. Cognitive institutions are conceptually founded on the philosophy of mind notion of extended mind, broadened to also include the distinctly social, institutional, and normative dimensions. Cognitive institutions are defined as institutions that not just allow agents to perform certain cognitive processes in the social domain but, more importantly, without which some of the agents' cognitive processes would not exist or even be possible. The externalist point of view of the extended mind has already had some influence in institutional economics: Arthur Denzau and Douglass North first introduced the notion of institution understood in terms of ‘shared mental models’, and relatedly philosopher Andy Clark introduced the notion of ‘scaffolding institution’. We discuss shared mental models and scaffolding institutions and go a step further by showing that the notion of cognitive institution can capture more fundamental and salient aspects of economic institutions. In particular, we focus on the market as an economic cognitive institution.

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van den Akker, Chiel. "Arthur Danto, the End of Art, and the Philosophical View of History." Journal of the Philosophy of History 13, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341389.

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Abstract This essay takes Arthur Danto’s end-of-art thesis as a case in point of a substantive philosophy of history. Such philosophy explains the direction that art has taken and why that direction could not have been different. Danto never scrutinized the philosophy of history that his end-of-art thesis presumes. I aim to do that by drawing a distinction between what I refer to as the common view of history and the philosophical view of history, and by arguing that we need the latter if we want to properly assess the plausibility of the end-of-art thesis.

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Parry, Joseph. "Arthur and Possibility: The Philosophy of LaƷamon’s Arthuriad." Arthuriana 26, no. 1 (2016): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2016.0004.

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Rynhold, Daniel. "Eschatological Themes in Medieval Jewish Philosophy. Arthur Hyman." Speculum 79, no. 1 (January 2004): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713400095233.

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Oviedo, Gerardo. "Hermenéutica y emergencia. Mauricio Beuchot y Arturo Roig en diálogo." Hermenéutica Intercultural, no. 25 (January 3, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196504.25.516.

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ResumenEl presente artículo puede ser leído como una declaración de propósitos. Nos proponemos esbozar el punto de partida del proyecto teórico que de- nominaremos Hermenéutica Emergente. Un primer paso argumentativo en esta dirección implica releer el programa de la Hermenéutica Analógica propuesto por el filósofo mexicano Mauricio Beuchot, desde el programa de la “moral de la emergencia” construido por el filósofo argentino Arturo Roig. Siguiendo la tradición de la Filosofía de la Liberación, nuestra idea de una “hermenéutica emergente” pretende dilucidar las políticas inter- transculturales del discurso latinoamericanista, y por esta vía, contribuir al diálogo entre saberes Sur-Sur. Con este fin, asume sistemáticamente ellocus de enunciación de la periferia capitalista-dependiente del moderno sistema mundial.Palabras clave: Hermenéutica, emergencia, transculturación, Sur.AbstractThis article can be read as a statement of purpose. We propose to outline the starting point of the theoretical project that we will call Emergent Hermeneutics. A first argumentative step in this direction involves re- reading the program of Analogic Hermeneutics proposed by the Mexi- can philosopher Mauricio Beuchot, from the program of the “morality of emergence” constructed by the Argentine philosopher Arturo Roig. Following the tradition of the Philosophy of Liberation, our idea about an “emerging hermeneutics” seeks to elucidate the inter-transcultural policies of the Latin American discourse, and thereby contribute to the South-South dialogue and knowledge. To this end, it systematically as- sumes the locus of enunciation of the capitalist periphery-dependent of the modern world system.Keywords: Hermeneutics - emergence - transculturation - South.ResumoO presente artigo pode ser lido como uma declaração de propósitos. Propomo-nos delinear o ponto de partida do projeto teórico que vamos chamar Hermenêutica Emergente. Num primeiro passo argumentativo esta direção envolve reler o programa da Hermenêutica Analógica pro- posto pelo filósofo mexicano Mauricio Beuchot a partir do programa de “moral da emergência” construída pelo filósofo argentino Arturo Roig. Seguindo a tradição da Filosofia da Libertação, a nossa ideia de uma “hermenêutica emergente” visa elucidar as políticas inter-transculturais do discurso latino-americanista e, assim, contribuir para o diálogo entre saberes Sul-Sul. Para este fim, assume sistematicamente o locus da enun- ciação da periferia capitalista – dependente do moderno sistema mundial.Palavras-chave: Hermenêutica - Emergência - Transculturação - Sul.

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Sage, Nick. "Freedom and Force: Essays on Kant’s Legal Philosophy edited by Sari Kisilevsky and Martin J Stone*." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 31, no. 1 (February 2018): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2018.10.

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This review considers some criticisms made of Arthur Ripstein’s Kantian theory of private law. Authors in this collection are Japa Pallikkathayil, Katrin Flikschuh, Andrea Sangiovanni, AJ Julius, George Pavlakos, Daniel Weinstock, Allen Wood, and Martin J Stone, with reply by Arthur Ripstein. The review itself focuses on the problematic role in Ripstein’s theory of individual choice or purposiveness in the light of the work of the eight critics.

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Thomas, Emily. "V—Time and Subtle Pictures in the History of Philosophy." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 120, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aoaa007.

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Abstract For centuries, philosophers of time have produced texts containing words and pictures. Although some historians study visual representations of time, I have not found any history of philosophy on pictures of time within texts. This paper argues that studying such pictures can be rewarding. I will make this case by studying pictures of time in the works of Leibniz, Arthur Eddington and C. D. Broad, and argue they play subtle roles. Further, I will argue that historians of philosophy more widely could benefit from paying more attention to pictures.

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Elon, Daniel. "Gottlob Ernst Schulzes skeptizistische Kant-Kritik in ihrer Relevanz für Arthur Schopenhauers Systemkonstitution." Kant-Studien 109, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2018-0004.

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Abstract: In 1792, Gottlob E. Schulze published one of the most important treatises in the era of the early critical reception of Kant’s transcendental philosophy: the skeptical treatise Aenesidemus. One of Schulze’s later students was the young Arthur Schopenhauer, whose examination of Kant’s philosophy was significantly influenced by Schulze. In this paper, it shall be established that this influence isn’t limited solely to the details of Schopenhauer’s critique of Kantian thinking, but rather extends to the systematic unfolding of Schopenhauer’s philosophy as a whole. In this respect, Schopenhauer’s The World as Will and Representation can be understood as a direct, positive answer to the questions left open by Schulze’s debate on the internal problems of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason.

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Fisher, Talia. "Force and Freedom: Can They Co-exist?" Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 24, no. 2 (July 2011): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900005221.

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Force and Freedom, a new book by Professor Arthur Ripstein, offers a comprehensive and highly sophisticated articulation of Kant’s legal and political philosophy. While Kant’s thinking on metaphysics and ethics has received paramount attention in the academic discourse, his contribution to legal and political theory has been somewhat marginalized. One reason for Kant’s exclusion from the central canon of political and legal philosophy is the abstract and very complicated nature of Kantian writing on law and political power, most particularly in the Doctrine of Right. Another reason is the difficulties many writers have encountered in their attempts to reconcile Kant’s political and legal writing with his moral philosophy. Against this background, the novelty and importance of Force and Freedom cannot be overstated.

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Long, Anthony Arthur, and Despina Vertzagia. "Antiquity Revisited: A Discussion with Anthony Arthur Long." Conatus 5, no. 1 (September 19, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.23324.

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A discussion on antiquity with Anthony A. Long, one of the most distinguished scholars in the field of ancient philosophy, would be engaging in any case. All the more so, since his two recently published works, Greek Models of Mind and Self (2015) and How to be Free: An Ancient Guide to the Stoic Life (2018), provide the opportunity to revisit key issues of ancient philosophy. The former is a lively and challenging work that starts with the Homeric notions of selfhood, and leads the reader all the way through classical and Hellenistic philosophical psychology; the latter is a profound analysis of the Stoic ethics that focuses in particular on its foundation and principles, followed by Long’s re-worked translation of Epictetus’ Encheiridion and carefully selected parts of his Discourses. Anthony Long kindly accepted the invitation to discuss several issues that are in the core of scholarly concern, sharing interpretations and thoughts that originate from his long acquaintance with the ancient literary tradition.

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Turley, Elliott. "The Tragicomic Philosophy of Waiting for Godot." Modern Language Quarterly 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-8351546.

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Abstract Samuel Beckett’s interest in tragicomedy has been clear since he attached the subtitle A Tragicomedy in Two Acts to the English translation of Waiting for Godot. This article articulates what exactly Beckettian tragicomedy does. Godot, Beckett’s foremost tragicomedy, stages the interplay of his wide-ranging literary and philosophical influences. Drawing on figures such as Arthur Schopenhauer, Jean Racine, Henri Bergson, Arnold Geulincx, and Fritz Mauthner, the play bends toward tragedy but undercuts any sense of finality with its slow unrolling. More than a metaphysical statement, this temporal model of tragicomedy offers a Beckettian ethics insistent on both the resigned compassion of tragedy and comedy’s power to critique. In outlining Godot’s tragicomic philosophy, the essay charts Beckett’s deployment of the various figures who inspire his play but also shows how this tragicomic paradigm functions in the theater—and how it inspires future dramatists.

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Sweet, William. "A. R. Lord and Later Idealist Political Philosophy." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 7, no. 1 (February 2005): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2005.00166.x.

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This essay introduces and discusses some central themes in the political philosophy of the British/South African idealist, Arthur Ritchie Lord (1880–1941). Lord was the author of the most substantial text of third generation ‘British idealist’ political thought, The Principles of Politics (1921) , but many of his manuscripts from the 1920s to early 1940s have only recently been prepared for publication. I argue that Lord's work provides valuable insights into the development of later idealist political philosophy, particularly on two themes that distinguish it from that of Lord's idealist predecessors, T. H. Green and Bernard Bosanquet—namely, democracy and freedom. This study also raises the question of whether the distinctively pluralistic context of South Africa had an influence on Lord's analysis of these themes.

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Zwierlein, Eduard. "The Problem of Materialism in the Philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer." Philosophy and History 19, no. 2 (1986): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philhist198619273.

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Andrijauskas, Antanas. "Reflections of an Existential Crisis in Søren Kierkegaard’s Aesthetic Conception." Dialogue and Universalism 29, no. 2 (2019): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du201929219.

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This article considers the principles of philosophical thinking in Søren Kierkegaard’s nonclassical aesthetics. Special attention is given to his radical critique of “false” and “impersonal” rationalism. This does not only mean the rejection of the traditional principles of classical metaphysics which claims “universality” and “universal meaning.” Kierkegaard also bases his philosophy on individual human life, or, in other words, personal existence with its unique inner world. His critique is more profound than that by Arthur Schopenhauer. Kierkegaard develops his own philosophy of “existential crisis,” opposing subjective will and internal changes to abstract thinking and external influences. Kierkegaard’s works initiate the critical or nonclassical stage in Western aesthetics. The main place in it is occupied by the idea of the disharmony of the world: its subjective reflection is “split” consciousness that has lost contact with the traditional concepts of harmony, humanism, goodness, beauty and philosophy of art.

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Costa, Rachel. "ARTHUR DANTO E A EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 59, no. 139 (January 2018): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2017n13913rc.

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RESUMO O artigo, em um primeiro momento, reconstrói a separação realizada por Arthur Danto entre Estética e Filosofia da Arte. Essa separação se encontra no fundamento da ontologia dantiana e distancia sua tentativa de definir arte dos argumentos da tradição estética sobre a beleza e o gosto. A partir dessa reconstrução, dou um segundo passo e analiso como Arthur Danto discute com a experiência estética, do modo como é compreendida, principalmente, após Kant, e quais são as suas críticas e propostas para repensar a relação entre público e arte.

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VERVENNE, Marc &. POLLEFEYT. "Arthur Janssen-Prijs 1998." Ethische Perspectieven 8, no. 3 (June 2, 2005): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/epn.8.3.563131.

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Mehring, Reinhard. "Arthur Liebert im Exil." Kant-Studien 109, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 447–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2018-3001.

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Abstract Arthur Liebert was the managing director of the Kant Society and co-editor of Kant-Studien for over 20 years, until 1933. Despite his lifetime of achievement and the challenges he faced as an emigrant, his story remains all but forgotten today. Using archival sources, this essay reconstructs the biographical details of his emigration, focusing on his final years from 1933 to 1946.

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O. P, Rev Fr Joseph T. Ekong. "The Pessimistic Existentialism of Arthur Shopenhauer: An Expository and Evaluative Study." Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 6, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.v06i09.004.

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This work interrogates the seeming ambivalence between Arthur Schopenhauer's existentialist pessimism and his advocacy for artistic, moral and ascetic forms of awareness, as means of managing the absurdities and frustrations of life. The objective of this work is to discover whether or not his apparently orthogonal positions can be reconciled in any way at all, and what that might portend for the contemporary philosopher. Schopenhauer's metaphysics and philosophy of nature led him to the doctrine of pessimism: the view that sentient beings, with few exceptions, are bound to strive and suffer greatly, all without any ultimate purpose or justification and thus life is not really worth living. Arthur Schopenhauer was among the first 19th century philosophers to contend that at its core, the universe is not a rational place. Inspired by Plato and Kant, both of whom regarded the world as being more amenable to reason, Schopenhauer developed their philosophies into an instinct-recognizing and ultimately ascetic outlook, emphasizing that in the face of a world filled with endless strife, we ought to minimize our natural desires for the sake of achieving a more tranquil frame of mind and a disposition towards universal beneficence. Often considered to be a thoroughgoing pessimist, Schopenhauer in fact advocated ways to overcome a frustration-filled and fundamentally painful human condition. He believed that the "will-to-life" (the force driving man to survive and to reproduce) was the driving forces of the world, and that the pursuit of happiness, love and intellectual satisfaction was essentially futile and anyway secondary to the innate imperative of procreation. This essay argues that phenomenologically, Schopenhauer had an “existentialist” orientation towards the spatio-temporal world that informed his pessimism, but also engenders further questions regarding the actual sincerity of his mental commitment to such a position.

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Freschi, Elisa. "Is the Theory of Karman the Solution to the Problem of Evil? Some Thoughts from Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta." Religions 12, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100862.

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Several scholars have discussed various versions of the theory of karman as offering a convincing solution to the problem of evil. Arthur Herman even thinks that the theory of karman is the ultimate theodicy (1976). Such scholars tend to imagine that a unitary theory of karman can be reconstructed as the backbone of most of Sanskrit philosophy of religion and ethics. In this article, I discuss the role of the theory of karman and the problem of evil in one of the schools of Sanskrit philosophy which is still alive and thriving, namely Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta. Is karman really the central key to theodicy in this school? Additionally, does the school’s theory of karman correspond to what Herman, Chadha, Trakakis, Sharma and others discuss?

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Busby, Keith. "The Rise of Gawain, Nephew of Arthur (De ortu Walwanii nepotis Arturi). Mildred Leake Day." Speculum 61, no. 4 (October 1986): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2853987.

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TATA, MICHAEL ANGELO. "Arthur Danto: Philosopher of Pop by andina, tiziana." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 70, no. 4 (November 2012): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6245.2012.01531_8.x.

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