Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Artistic Responses to Terrorism'
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Lavi, Tali, and talilavi@netspace net au. "Tales of Ash: Phantom Bodies as Testimony in Artistic Representations of Terrorism." RMIT University. Creative Media, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080428.114445.
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This paper delves into the realms of tragedy, memory and representation. Drawing upon the phenomenon of the Phantom Limb and extending it towards a theory of Phantom Bodies, various artworks - literary, theatrical and visual - are examined. After the conflagration of the terrorist attack, how are these absences grieved over and remembered through artistic representation? The essay examines this question by positioning itself amongst the scarred landscapes of post-September 11 New York and suicide bombings in Israel (2000-2006). Furthermore, it investigates whether humanity can be restored in the aftermath of an event in which certain individuals have sought to eradicate it. The fragmentation of the affected body in these scenarios is understood as further complicating processes of grief and remembrance. Artists who reject political polemic and engage with the dimensions of human loss are seen to have discovered means of referring to the absence caused by the act of terrorism. Three such recurring representations present themselves: ash and remnants, presence/absence and memory building. Phantom Bodies are perceived as simultaneously functioning as a reminder of the event itself, insisting upon the response of bearing witness, and as a symbol of the overwhelming power of humanity. Challenges arise when individuals or sections of the affected society deem these artworks to be inappropriate or explicit. Works considered include: Neil LaBute's play The Mercy Seat, Sigalit Landau's art installation The Country, Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close, Spike Lee's 25th Hour, Daniel Libeskind's architectural plans for the World Trade Center site, Eric Fischl's sculpture 'Tumbling Woman', Honor Molloy's autodelete://beginning dump of physical memory and A.B.Yehoshua's A Woman in Jerusalem. The accompanying play, Tales of Ash: A diptych for the theatre, is set in Melbourne, New York and Tel Aviv and deals with life in the face of and after terror. It veers between naturalism, poetic monologue and the epic. Tales of Ash contains two plays. The first centres on Mia, a young sculptor living in New York, who loses both her lover and her creativity on September 11. Upon returning to her home in Melbourne, she finds familial bonds still entwined with guilt and family trauma. The second play revolves around Ilana and Benny, two people living in Tel Aviv, who find themselves suddenly thrust together after a devastating bombing. As they attempt to resume rhythms of life, in the face of all the inherent ferocity of a modern existence in Israel, the struggle between The Ash Woman and The Ash Takers escalates.
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Ch'oe, Chin-t'ae. "Aviation terrorism : historical survey, perspectives and responses /." Basingstoke : Macmillan, 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/277852269.pdf.
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Klose, Kenneth. "Governmental Responses to Terrorism: Creating Costs and Benefits." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5799.
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This thesis assesses four governmental responses to terrorism: conciliation, denial, legal restriction, and violence, each of which may be focused on an organization or its leaders. The theory makes predictions on the resulting frequency and severity of terrorism. Unless responses reduce an organization's capacity or desire to attack, the frequency of attacks may be reduced, while the severity continues to increase. The theory is tested using a time series regression analysis of the effects of government action on terrorism in Algeria and the Philippines. In general, the results show that conciliation may led to increases in terrorism in the short term while suggesting potential reductions in the long term. Denial and legal restriction often led to increases in terrorism, while the effects of violence often depended upon whether the response was applied to organizations or their leaders.M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; International Studies
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Kaminaris, Spiros Ch. "Terrorism in Greece and governmental responses (1974-1998)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251272.
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Sandescu, Ioana. "Political Responses against Terrorism and Hypothetical Voting Intention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1283.
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This paper explores the impact of political responses against terrorism and how they are linked to hypothetical voting intention. After September 11, 2001, terrorism became a major concern of democratic governments and their residents. Terrorism poses a constant unseen threat that people want to feel protected from. The goal of the current study was to examine whether the way political candidates communicate responses to terrorist actions affect the way people vote. The findings indicate that offensive portrayals of terrorism brought in more hypothetical votes than defensive ones. These data have the potential to help the general public better understand political messages related to the subject of terrorism along with facilitating communication during future possible crisis caused by terrorist attacks.
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Filardo, Giuseppe. "Reciprocity : where art meets the community : action research in response to artistic encounters and relationships." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30153/.
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This practice-led research project examines some of the factors and issues facing artists working in the public domain who wish to engage with the community as audience. Using the methodology of action research, the three major creative projects in this study use art as a socio-political tool with the aim of providing an effective vehicle for broadening awareness, understanding forms of social protest and increasing tolerance for diversity. The three projects: Floodline November 7, 2004, Look in, Look out, and The Urban Terrorist Project, dealt with issues of marginalisation of communities, audiences and graffiti artists respectively. The artist/researcher is outlined as both creator and collaborator in the work. Processes included ephemeral elements, such as temporary installation and performance, as well as interactive elements that encouraged direct audience involvement as part of the work. In addition to the roles of creator and collaborator, both of which included audience as well as artist, the presence of an outside entity was evident. Whether local, legal authorities or prevailing attitudes, outside entities had an unavoidable impact on the processes and outcomes of the work. Each project elicited a range of responses from their respective audiences; however, the overarching concept of reciprocity was seen to be the crucial factor in conception, artistic methods and outcomes.
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Reed, Samuel Thomas. "The nuclear terrorism disconnect : electoral incentives and U.S. policy responses." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44465.
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This thesis investigates the range of U.S. threat assessments of—and policy responses to—nuclear terrorism in the United States. It finds that a series of disconnects characterizes political elites’ and the American public’s views and relationships to the politics of nuclear terror. The salience of issues related to nuclear terrorism is not closely linked to the severity of the threat. In turn, the perceived severity of the threat is not strongly correlated with the counter nuclear terror policy response. This thesis assesses the degree of citizen competence in nuclear politics and the degree of elite responsiveness to mass opinion. It also evaluates the full range of elite threat assessments and identifies a number of contemporary trends in public opinion on nuclear terrorism. The thesis advances both domestic and international case studies of American policy responses to the threat of nuclear terrorism.
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Voigt, Bradley D. "Responses to Libyan-sponsored terrorism (1980-1994) : a comparative analysis." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30548.
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This thesis examines four responses to Libyan-sponsored terrorism: the 1982 American Embargo, the 1984 American request to Europe for economic sanctions, the 1986 American bombing raid on Tripoli, and the 1992 United Nations economic sanctions. The rationale leading up to each response is analyzed from American political, diplomatic and security points of view. Two measures are developed to judge the effectiveness of each response: an economic indicator which determines the impact of each response on Libyan exports, and the rise or fall in Libyan-sponsored terrorist incidents before and after each response. Five Hypotheses are introduced which attempt to explain the interaction of states in the international system when faced with alleged state- sponsored terrorism. Each response is critiqued using the five hypotheses and also the measures of effectiveness. Following this critique the thesis concludes that a firm military and flexible diplomatic response is the most effective response to state-sponsored terrorism.
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Choi, Jin-Tai. "Acts of violence against civil aviation : historical survey, perspectives and responses." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15162.
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Acts of violence involving civilian aircraft and airline facilities, as well as air travellers have been exploited by terrorist and others since 1931. This form of international terrorism is more than an attack on the rights of the innocent and rule of law. It constitutes a great threat to global peace. Although such attacks represent a small percentage of total terrorist incidents, it is clear that acts of violence directed at civil aviation are not limited by geographical or political boundaries. As escalating threats to civil aviation have caused great concern to the international community without regional exception, governments have introduced security measures against such attacks. The deterrent or diversionary effect of tight security programmes have been reflected in a perceptible shift of terrorist attention to easy targets and other forms of attack. However, governments and the civil aviation industry have failed to keep ahead of changing threats. They upgraded their security capabilities to tackle only the known methods of terrorist attacks. This short-sighted approach is the most serious concern for the safety of civil aviation. It cannot be emphasised too strongly that both the nature and the level of the security threat change frequently and must be monitored constantly in order to foresee possible danger and to consider how to cope with such threats. The international community must not allow the perpetrators of aviation terrorism to get so far ahead of the world's aviation security system. To achieve this aim, aviation authorities must develop long term plans to tackle terrorist activities against civil aviation. This will be a monumental task. However, where there is a will, there is a way.
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Mwazighe, Charles Lenjo. "Legal responses to terrorism: case study of the Republic of Kenya." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27876.
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Terrorism remains a major threat to Kenyas national-security interests. However, efforts to combat the menace are hampered by an insufficient legal framework. Previously, terrorism-related offenses were primarily handled under the provisions of the penal code, with the result that offenders received lenient sentences or even were acquitted. On the other hand, efforts to formulate specific counterterrorism legislation in the past were met with criticism from human-rights bodies, the clergy, legal bodies, and the public at large. This thesis examines the development of counterterrorism legislation in the Republic of Kenya. It evaluates the sufficiency of the criminal-justice system, the British legal response to counterterrorism as a basis for comparison, and current counterterrorism legislation. The 2012 Prevention of Terrorism Act marks a great improvement, especially in safeguards to the rights of persons and entities. The act, however, still leaves open the definition of terrorism and the appeals process for the proscription of entities. This thesis recommends further refinement of these clauses and the establishment of stricter rules, vesting power under the president and prime minister (similar to the U.K.) with cabinet approval.
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Haynes, Michael Wilfred. "German cultural responses to the Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266540.
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Sowerby, Catherine Ann. "Responses to terrorism in a European context : an application of Q methodology." Thesis, Keele University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558330.
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This thesis sets out to consider the discourses which exist on responses to terrorism in the context of the European Union and the United Kingdom. In recent years terrorism has been perceived to be a growing threat and the response strategies directed towards it have become increasingly important. The European Union has, since September 11th 2001, actively developed a response strategy to terrorism. It is possible to identify the official discourses which exist in this area; however, the discourses held by the wider population are less obvious. This thesis aims to explore these hidden discourses further. In particular it is specifically concerned with public perceptions of the response strategies to terrorism and aims to uncover the ways in which these response strategies are constructed beyond the official discourse. This thesis utilises Q methodology in order to examine these discourses. Q methodology is an innovative tool for the exploration of subjectivity. It has rarely been applied to the topic of terrorism and this thesis represents the first time it has been utilised to consider the problem of responses to terrorism in the context of the European Union. Therefore, a further aim of this thesis is to consider the appropriateness of Q methodology as a tool for use in the discipline of International Relations.
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Ahmad, Abdul Razak. "Terrorism and the rule of law : rethinking the 'Asean ways" and responses." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659022.
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This research is intended to critically analyse the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) strategic role as a regional institution in addressing the transnational threat of terrorism. By examining ASEAN's history, development and security initiatives, this thesis argues that ASEAN, as it aspires to be a security community, has the necessary experience and potential in managing regional security challenges, particularly in combating terrorism. In considering ASEAN's role and potential as an emerging security community, it is predicted that ASEAN's future security challenges, especially the ongoing threat of terrorism, are to have serious implications on humans as well as States. Thus, the adoption of an ASEAN Counter Terrorism Convention 2007, although a move in the right direction, is far from sufficient. ASEAN requires multifaceted approaches that could complement its current and future multilateral initiatives. An ASEAN counter terrorism strategy should then be founded on a more holistic, security conscious approach based on the concepts of human security, enhanced multilateral cooperation and the rule of law. The realisation of such a strategy ho~ever, requires effective counter terrorism' cooperation, greater institutionalisation of ASEAN and its security initiatives, and the rethinking of its strong adherence to its established norms and the ASEAN 'Way'. Only a developed and sophisticated ASEAN could deliver a more secure Southeast Asia.
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Bellon, Timothy E. "Military responses to state-sponsored terrorism : re-thinking deterrence and coercion theory." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/13407.
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The face of conflict is changing. The breakup of the former Soviet Union has changed the balance of power from a bi-polar world to a uni-polar one. This change in the world's power structure has presented the United States with new challenges. The purpose of this thesis is to explore one of these challenges, state-sponsored terrorism, and the range of military responses that might be used to deter states from sponsoring terrorism or coercing states into ceasing their sponsorship. This thesis uses conventional deterrence and coercion theory, as well as comparative case studies to analyze the utility of deterrence and coercion against state-sponsored terrorism. In doing so a framework that can be applied to state sponsors of terrorism was developed to determine if a strategy of deterrence or coercion could alter a state's behavior. The findings of this thesis suggest that a determined coercive strategy is more likely to work against state-sponsored terrorism than a strategy of deterrence. Finally, the thesis provides a model, a taxonomy of coercion that recommends using lethal and non-lethal options in overt and covert operations as the means to modify the behavior of states that sponsor terrorism.
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Al-Ajmi, Thaqal Saad. "Legal responses to terrorism, with special reference to the position of Kuwait." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/b42ce705-b42e-41d5-a3a4-814dd3c496d9.
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This thesis is intended to serve two objectives: T he first objective is to discuss the various responses that can be taken against terrorism which range from the criminalization of some terrorist acts by the international community to the practical measures States in the real world are taking against terrorism on one hand and from peaceful measures and coercive ones on the other hand. The question then will be whether these responses are effective in deterring terrorism. Had these different types of responses worked properly and if the answer is negative why not? In other words, a critical evaluation of these responses will be provided b y this thesis. The second objective will be concerned with Kuwait's perspective on terrorism. However, the discussion this time will be narrower. It will be concerned with some of the regional measures Kuwait and other State sin the region resorted to, to counter terrorism. Questions like: what are these measures; how effective they are in suppressing terrorism; and is there any noticeable difference between these measures and those taken at the global level will be researched. Moreover, discussion about the approach Kuwait had used at the national level against terrorism will be considered. It must be mentioned that until the moment of this writing there is not any major study that discusses Kuwait's ways of dealing with terrorism. More significantly, as an Islamic and Arabic country Kuwait may hold a position or an understanding with respect to the issue of terrorism different from other countries, especially those from the West. Thus, this thesis will discern such a position and an understanding that may not be well known to many people.
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Jennings, E. P. "American, British, and French responses to the rise of Arab terrorism, 1968-74." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605096.
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This study aims to account for the responses of the United States, Britain and France to the rise of Palestinian/Arab terrorism in the years between 1968 and 1974. The work charts the legacy of Western approaches to terrorism before 1968, and examines the initial responses of governments in these countries to the emergence of Palestinian international terrorism in the late 1960s. The first aircraft hijackings and hostage-takings that ominously signalled the future intent of groups like al-Fatah, the PFLP, and Black September met initially with a confused and incoherent response from the West, and this study shows that disagreements between the allies on this subject took place from the very beginning. Thereafter, a selection of case studies contrasts and compares the range of responses by Washington, London, and Paris to some of the most infamous terrorist outrages of the era. Thus, this study seeks to examine and explain the differing approaches to the three great Western powers to the challenge posed by Palestinian terrorism. The divergent nature of these responses is shown to have been an important factor in transatlantic politics at this time, and as such, the study assesses the impact these disagreements had upon the relationship between these three great powers. Finally, the work seeks to address the extent to which the increasing divergence of views on the best solution to the problems of the Middle East can be directly attributed to the malign influence of Palestinian international terrorism. In so doing, this study will shine new light on long-standing Western disagreements regarding the Arab-Israeli conflict, and help us to better understand the influence of Palestinian terrorism in shaping the history of the Middle East in the latter half of the twentieth century.
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Fulton, Wayne. "Intelligence and the "War against Terrorism" multilateral counter-terrorism policies implemented post-September 11 : an examination of counter-terrorism policy responses adopted on an international level post-September 11 /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://146.141.35.251/theses/available/etd-11122005-202125/.
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Malik, Omar. "A strategic analysis of the origins of international terrorist attacks on aviation and the British responses." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2916.
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This research examines the effects on Great Britain of international terrorist attacks on aviation. The methodology is utilitarian. It is also eclectic, drawing upon scholarly and operational sources. The first objective was factual: to establish the origins of international attacks on aviation, their effects on Great Britain, and the British responses. It found that the attacks were a "blocked tactic!' product of the Palestine conflict. They had neither political nor economic effect on Great Britain. HMG was steadfast in its neutrality. The second objective was analytical: to assess the value of the attacks to their exponents, and the effectiveness of the British response. The evidence is that the attacks, despite tactical successes, were strategically counterproductive to the Palestinians; they assisted Israel's endeavours to label all Palestinian resistance to Israel as terrorism. By targeting the West and forming' alliances with its enemies, the Palestinians deprived themselves of Western diplomatic and economic resources crucial to their cause. Since renouncing terrorism (1988), they have made more progress than in the preceding 40 year's. The international response is not to be measured in the number, but in the implementation of enactments. It has been inadequate. The British response was re-energised by the atrocity of Lockerbie. The conduct of HMG, both MPs and civil servants, has been laudable. Britain's aviation security programme is effective, but the relationship between government and industry is now confrontational. The third objective was to derive proposals for improvements in aviation security. The recommendations are for government financial contribution, a partnership between government and industry, and a holistic approach. Bilaterals and alliances are the best means of obtaining international progress. Attacks on aviation have abated but may recur. Countermeasures should be systematically strengthened. The research has recognised the need to withhold information of value to attackers of aviation.
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Glusniewska, Magdalena. "What has the European Union done to approach terrorism - Responses to a growing security challenge." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75026.
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One of the mayor security problems nowadays is the international terrorism and it has become a threat to the European people as well. The number of the attacks is increasing, European citizens are traveling to Middle East to join foreign terrorist groups and online propaganda is being more and more popular. The main goal that terrorists have is to get worldwide attention and harm as many people as possible. To answer the research questions of this study: What are the measures that the EU has taken to fight terrorism? And To what extend can EU’s counter-terrorism approaches be explained by hard-soft power theory? a qualitative one case study method has been used. The results of this study show that EU has taken many significant measures in the fight against terrorism, such as implementation of common strategies and regulations but also in giving mandate to Europol that is now the leader partner in the European counter-terrorism approach. There have been many improvements in the last years, but there are still gaps that need to be filled, especially in the collaboration between the Member States. The study has also concluded that EU is mostly using Soft Power as a tool for the international politics.
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Alrajhi, Bader A. J. Kh J. "Terrorism and the law of Kuwait : the local responses to universal threats and international demands." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9146/.
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This thesis will focus on four issues regarding terrorism and counterterrorism in Kuwait. It will first provide a comprehensive understanding of the threats and the phenomenon of terrorism in Kuwait since its independence in 1961. Second, this thesis will discuss the counterterrorism policies and agenda that Kuwait has adopted to react to terrorism. Third, the criminal offences related to terrorism in Kuwait will be examined. Finally, this thesis will evaluate measures intended to thwart financing terrorism in Kuwait before and after the ratification of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999). Within these themes, this thesis will assess and evaluate the effectiveness of the abovementioned reactions by the Kuwaiti government. The thesis will also assess whether these reactions have impacted Kuwaiti constitutional values. Therefore, this research project will evaluate the fairness and appropriateness of these reactions with regard to Kuwaiti constitutional law and also with regard to international laws, including human rights. Finally, this thesis will consider the reality that many of the causes of terrorism and many of the possible solutions to these causes do not originate in Kuwait. Nevertheless, Kuwait is not immune to the consequences of terrorism and the efforts of international laws and international partners to stop it. Therefore, this thesis will assess how far Kuwait, as a country in an area of the world that is greatly affected by terrorism, is able to look after its own interests in this regard or is subjected to the wishes of other countries, such as the United States, or the international community. This analysis is especially important, since Kuwait is a small country surrounded by much larger, more powerful, and largely unstable countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq.
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Thacker, Tommie. "Racialized Reactions and Responses to September 11th, 2001." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1318606607.
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HAVEY, NICHOLAS FRANCIS. "MÁS QUE PRECIOUS KNOWLEDGE: ARTISTIC RESPONSES TO TUCSON’S MEXICAN AMERICAN STUDIES CONTROVERSY AND INTERNAL PREJUDICES IN THE CHICANO MOVEMENT." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612992.
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In 2010 the Arizona State Legislature passed H.B 2281, prohibiting classes considered harmful to the United States Government. This bill, specifically designed for the Tucson Unified School District’s Mexican American Studies (MAS) program, banned classes that fomented ethnic solidarity or treated students as members of a specific group instead of individuals. This thesis analyzes two artistic responses to this controversy, a documentary film called Precious Knowledge (2011) and a play called MÁS (2015). While both of these texts celebrate Chicano identity and emphasize the importance of the Mexican American Studies program, MÁS largely responds to and seeks to correct the failures of Precious Knowledge, which was critiqued for perpetuating the sexism, racism, anti-indigenism, and homophobia that have long been a site of contention within Chicano identity discourses. Despite this attempt to correct the failures of Precious Knowledge, however, I ultimately argue that both of these artistic texts, even in their efforts to counter hegemonic state discourse, reproduce so-called “internal colonialism” in their problematic representation of indigenous figures, women and queer-identifying people.
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En 2010, la legislatura del estado de Arizona pasó H.B 2281, que prohibió clases consideradas como dañinas al gobierno estadounidense. Esa ley, específicamente designada por el programa de estudios mexicanoamericanos en el distrito escolar unido de Tucson, prohibió clases que quieren fomentar la solidaridad étnica o tratar a los estudiantes como miembros de un grupo en lugar de individuos. Esa tesis analiza dos respuestas artísticas a esa controversia, un documental llamado Precious Knowledge (2011) y una obra del teatro llamada MÁS (2015). Aunque las dos respuestas celebran la identidad chicana y enfatizan la importancia del programa de estudios mexicanoamericanos, MÁS atiende y trata de corregir los fracasos de Precious Knowledge, que fue criticado por perpetuar el sexismo, racismo, anti-indigenismo, y homofobia que históricamente han sido un sitio de contención dentro de discursos de la identidad chicana. A pesar de ese intento de corregir los fracasos de Precious Knowledge, sin embargo, por último, argumento que los dos textos artísticos, incluso en sus esfuerzos de contrarrestar el discurso del estado hegemónico, reproducen lo que se ha llamado el “colonialismo interno” en sus representaciones problemáticas de figuras indígenas, mujeres y personas que identifican como queer.
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Cronenwett, Megan R. "Accounting for the Role of the Public in Democratic States' Counterterrorism Policies: A Comparative Case Study Analysis of Spain and the United Kingdom." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1303144037.
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Craft, LaMesha Lashal. "Perceived Threats to Food Security and Possible Responses Following an Agro-Terrorist Attack." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3289.
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The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks exposed vulnerabilities to U.S. homeland security and defense, leading U.S. officials to analyze threats to domestic and international interests. Terrorist attacks against food and water supplies (agro-terrorism), were deemed a national security threat because of the assessed fear, economic instability, and social instability that could occur following a food shortage. Research indicated a comprehensive response plan does not exist across the federal, state, and local levels of government to mitigate the public's possible responses to a perceived threat to food security and food shortages following an agro-terrorist attack. This ethnographic case study analyzed the perceived threats to food security and the possible responses to food shortages in Yuma, Arizona (the 'winter lettuce capitol of the world'). Coleman and Putnam's theories of social capital served as the theoretical framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews of nine residents and six experts from Yuma's departments of government to examine the relative atmospherics between the citizens and government officials. Findings indicated that a comprehensive plan does not exist, and perceived fears and the lack of knowledge about emergency preparedness in a society with high social capital and community resilience can still create the conditions for chaos and anomie. Recommendations include improving communication, education, and expectation management of citizens. Implications for social change include improving public awareness and individual responsibility for preparedness, as well as assisting policymakers in maintaining social capital to deter social disorganization and anomie during disasters.
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Barnes, Christopher. "Mediating Terror: Filmic Responses to September 11th, 2001, and the "War on Terror"." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1341932373.
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Kamolnick, Paul. "Book Review of Hillel Frisch and Efraim Inbar (Eds.). Radical Islam and International Security: Challenges and Responses. Tamar Meisels. The Trouble With Terror: Liberty, Security, and the Response to Terrorism." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/640.
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Claassen, Andrew Robertson. "After the Towers Fell: Musical Responses to 9/11." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/204.
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The tragic and devastating September 11 attacks resulted in a variety of original musical responses. Exemplary works expressed their reactions through overt 9/11-concentric dialogues to express themes of mourning, military retribution, dissent and commemoration. An examination of such works concludes that effective musical responses express a direct message clarified by supporting musical and/or textual materials. Musical materials can accentuate the specific thematic message of the responsive work as they often evoke images and emotions reminiscent of the attacks and their aftermath. Compositional techniques used in these works are often reminiscent of historical works written in similar circumstances. The recurrence of these historical approaches illuminates the timeless compositional design of historical examples and exemplifies modern advancements in music composition and production. A comparison between classical and popular post-9/11 musical compositions concludes that certain classical and popular genres deal with responsive themes more effectively than others. A recommendation for further study is enclosed.
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Klint, Olsson Matilda. ""My view of the world versus reality, they go far apart!" : Audience responses on Facebook towards the Nice attack in 2016." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36565.
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When a person drives a truck into the middle of a crowd celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, horrifying images, and witnessing stories is spread around the world. The Swedish nationwide evening tabloid newspaper Aftonbladet publishes the story during one week on their Facebook page, resulting in thousands of comments. This paper examines the interactive audience responses on social media towards the encounter of suffering caused in the Nice attack, 14th July 2016. Using framing analysis in combination with a qualitative content analysis the study focuses on 702 comments provided on Aftonbladets Facebook wall. This study analyses the opinions towards suffering visible in the material during the first days of the attack. Frame theory and media witnessing are used as theoretical framework. The analysis reveals four frames: the moral conflict frame where people criticize the witnessing by media, the reality conflict frame where people emphasizes suffering as a global issue, the justice conflict frame where suffering is discussed in terms compassion as something you deserve, and the emotional frame where people’s feelings of witnessing suffering is in focus. Previous research says that audiences are more likely to feel compassion towards victims if they can see themselves in them and/or if there is a short cultural and spatial distance between them, and this study has come to the same conclusion. However, this study contributes with knowledge about how the social media users negotiate compassion (the justice conflict frame and reality conflict frame) and focus on the questions of ethics when it comes to distant suffering (the moral conflict frame and emotional frame).
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McCann, Craig. "How did the U.K. Government's decision to include right wing extremism within its counter terrorism 'Prevent' Strategy in 2011 impact on local responses to the English Defence League?" Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/63927/.
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Since the U.K. Government reviewed its counter terrorism Prevent Strategy in 2011 to include "all forms of extremism" with an emphasis on right wing extremism, there has been no empirical research undertaken to explore the impact of this decision on local responses to the phenomenon. Furthermore, the international literature on responses to right wing extremism has thus far focussed on its various political manifestations, particularly in relation to both right wing extremist and populist political parties and the ideology that underpins them. From a U.K. perspective, the emphasis over the last thirty years has been very much on attempting to understand the causal factors underpinning the extreme right wing, the composition of these groups and how they compare with similar groups throughout Europe. It is striking that there is very little material available which provides a platform for debate as to how the state should actually respond to movements such as the English Defence League who do not seek legitimacy through the ballot box. As a movement at the zenith of its power and influence in 2011 the English Defence League mobilised thousands of people through its street protests, and although its ability to galvanise large numbers of people to turn out to protest has waned, the sentiment from which it gained its legitimacy has not. As the first study of this subject matter, through data yielded from 80 qualitative interviews based on unique access to frontline practitioners in the three case study areas of Luton, Newcastle and Waltham Forest boroughs, conducted by a serving counter terrorism police officer specialising in the Prevent Strategy, it will explore the ways in which this shift in the strategy played out at a local level among statutory actors interpreting and implementing it against the backdrop of central government imposed austerity measures. The major conclusions of this research are that; (1) the impact of the decision to explicitly include right wing extremism within the Prevent Strategy has been minimal. With the exception of the Channel intervention programme, there are for instance no specific counter narratives that have been created as a response to the expansion of the policy to include "all forms of extremism". Instead, this has led to a generalised approach to countering extremism without a clear understanding of right wing extremism as a distinct phenomenon, (2). The EDL is understood by local actors as a threat to the public order and community cohesion, but not as a terrorism threat. Notwithstanding this position, the case studies highlight the continued role of counter terrorism Prevent Officers in the pre, during and post phases of EDL attendance in maintaining community cohesion and providing reassurance with reference in particular to Muslim communities, and (3). Right wing extremism is poorly understood and articulated at a national policy level. There is a lack of synergy on this issue between the integration, cohesion, hate crime, Prevent and extremism policy areas, the interpretation of which at a local level has led to inter-agency tensions that have been further negatively impacted by Government imposed austerity measures on public sector resourcing since 2010.
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Bishop, Paul. "Catching terrorists between war and peace : do the rights to liberty, fair trial and humane treatment differ during responses to contemporary terrorism above or below the armed conflict threshold?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6803/.
Full textAbstract:
States may avoid categorising responses to terrorism as armed conflict and yet still use lethal force, administrative detention and other tactics or procedures more usually associated with armed conflict. States are then potentially able to derogate from certain liberty and fair trial norms under the human rights treaties that some suggest are irreducible if international humanitarian law is applicable. States may also interpret the requirement of humane treatment in line with what may appear to be a lower standard of treatment required by certain of the human rights treaties. This thesis examines whether the fundamental rights to liberty, fair trial and humane treatment differ during responses to contemporary terrorism above or below the armed conflict threshold. The thesis concludes that there is little difference between the two regimes of international humanitarian law and human rights law in relation to the irreducible core of these fundamental rights and so it may not be important, in these respects at least, to be clear whether or not an armed conflict exists in legal terms. However, for these fundamental rights, States parties to any of the regional human rights treaties are increasingly unlikely to be able to claim a lack of jurisdiction and so a rights vacuum for those they would call terrorists during extra-territorial operations.
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Stacey, Adrianne. "Young children's oral and artistic responses to five picturebooks by Anthony Browne." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3254.
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Abstract
The purpose of the 6-week qualitative study was to explore how Grade 1 children responded to five picturebooks by Anthony Browne during interactive read-alouds. The 13 participants and the other non-participants were organized into four mixed gender and mixed reading-ability groups. Data included transcripts from 20 small group read-aloud sessions and field notes that documented additional student affective responses to the texts. Other data included the children’s drawings that were completed after each picturebook small group read-aloud session, as well as transcripts of the students’ individual interviews about their artistic responses. Coding of student conversation turns during the read-aloud sessions revealed the identification of six categories of statements. These six categories were then applied to the students’ individual interview data to facilitate comparison between the two settings. The artwork and interviews of three students were analyzed as three individual cases and represented a sample of student readers of differing abilities.
Data analysis of the read-aloud session transcripts revealed that labeling statements accounted for approximately one-third of all student comments. The remaining students’ statements were categorized as following: approximately one-quarter
were character description, one-fifth were ‘other,’ (i.e. indecipherable statements and/or off-topic comments), approximately one-tenth were character feeling, less than one-tenth were autobiographical, and a small amount were intertextual in nature. The comparison of the three focus children’s individual interviews to their small group conversations revealed that the children generated a greater number of autobiographical statements during the individual interviews about their art. Implications for research and pedagogy included teaching and conducting research about visual literacy that involves pre- and post-treatment study, and examining children’s conversations about characters in picturebooks by numerous authors.Graduate
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Pan, Chun-Chia, and 潘君嘉. "‘Judgment in vain’ and Art Chun-Chia Pan’s Ideological Artistic Creations and the Responses." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95030296079820750811.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
藝術學系碩士班
97
This thesis is planned to treat the author’s artistic creations, also accompanied with complemental clarification in words. The object of the study includes the author’s artistic works, his ideas, and the process of forming those works. Through the study, the author tries to get in touch with one particular dimension among all kinds of challenges encountered in his life, and tries to clarify the related thoughts and his mental progress with it. The idea ‘judgment in vain’ is used to present and explain this particular dimension. The idea ‘judgment in vain’ was formed by the influence and author’s introspection arose from the daily life events, and it was just this idea that inspired the author to create these four artistic works which have been exhibited respectively during four different periods. The author wants to express his viewpoints toward the issues like artwork, interpretation of the art, viewer’s self-determination, art manipulation, art and life, and art forms; therefore the viewers and readers can more easily understand his idea about ‘judgment in vain’ and how it effected and changed his philosophy and world view. The correlative thoughts, process, mechanism, and details with the four artistic works are strictly and specifically described. In the last part of this thesis, the author, not as a role of creator but a commentator, objectively gives his analysis, interpretation, comments and suggestions on his own works and creative ideas. This thesis helped the author be able to ponder more clearly over some of the life dilemmas. It also provides readers firsthand information. To the people who are interested in appreciate other art activities, this thesis may be a valuable reference as how to appreciate, analyze, and reflect on the artworks.
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Debassige, Suzanne. "In a State of Metamorphosis: Artistic Responses in the Legacy of the Residential School Experience." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/5504.
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This thesis explores artworks created by established Canadian Aboriginal artists in response to the Residential School experience. The prototype Residential School was the Carlisle Indian Residential School in Pennsylvania founded by Captain Richard Henry Pratt who, although he liked Indians, had little use for Indian culture (Adams 51). Pratt’s vision was to reform “the Indian,” which stated his goal was to “kill the Indian and save the man” (Adams 52) through a comprehensive education and training program designed to make the Indian a citizen.
In Canada, the Canadian government adopted an “aggressive civilization” policy similar to that of the Carlisle Indian Residential School, upon graduation “the Indian” would have learned the English language, individualism, Christianity, and trades to function as a citizen. However, in Canada the driving force behind Residential Schools was not intended to reform “the Indian”, but rather to outright exterminate Aboriginal culture through acts of genocide. The intentions behind assimilation were clearly stated by the Deputy Superintended of Indian Affairs, Duncan Campbell Scott, “I want to get rid of the Indian problem…. Our objective is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has been absorbed into the body politic and there is no Indian Question and no Indian Department” (AFH, Healing 3). The goal for Residential Schools was to keep Aboriginal children separated from their culture for as long as possible and immersed in a “so-called” civilized environment of Residential Schools. This environment was foreign, unfamiliar and frightening for Aboriginal children. The curriculum and vocational training were often accompanied by corporal punishment that left many Aboriginal children devastated by the Residential School experience.
This thesis focuses upon established Contemporary Canadian Aboriginal artists who have exhibited works in response to the residential themes. Artists such as Robert Houle, Adrian Stimson, Joane Cardinal-Schubert, Jane Ash Poitras, Lita Fontaine and Carl Beam seek to represent the emotional, physical and spiritual effects of the Residential Schools on Aboriginal lives and histories. There has been little research on the Aboriginal artistic response to the Residential School experience, and with this thesis I hope to fill this void.
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Stevens, Shelley P. "Curiosity Seekers, Time Travelers, and Avant-Garde Artists: U.S. American Literary and Artistic Responses to the Occupation of Haiti (1915-1934)." 2013. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_diss/114.
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U.S. American literary and creative artists perform the work of developing a discursive response to two critical moments in Haitian history: the Revolution (1791-1804) and the U.S. Marine Occupation (1915 to 1934), inspiring imaginations and imaginary concepts. Revolutionary images of Toussaint Louverture proliferated beyond the boundaries of Haiti illuminating the complicity of colonial powers in maintaining notions of a particularized racial discourse. Frank J. Webb, a free black Philadelphian, engages a scathing critique of Thomas Carlyle’s sage prose “On the Negro Question” (1849) through the fictional depiction of a painted image of Louverture in Webb’s novel The Garies and their Friends (1857). Travel writing and ethnographies of the Occupation provide platforms for new forms of artistic production involving Vodou. Following James Weldon Johnson’s critique of U.S. policy (1920), others members of the Harlem Renaissance provide a counter narrative that reengages particular U.S. readers with Haiti’s problematic Revolution through the visual and literary lens of the Occupation experience. The pseudo journalism of William Seabrook's The Magic Island (1929) serves as the poto mitan (center point) around which other creative works produced after the Occupation appear. Katherine Dunham, Zora Neale Hurston, and Maya Deren followed in Seabrook’s wake. Literature, performances, and film, as well as complementary ethnographic records for each follow from Dunham (Dances of Haiti, 1983), Hurston (Tell My Horse, 1938), and Deren (Divine Horsemen, 1953). The artistic production of these significant cultural producers may better represent their experience of fieldwork in Haiti following the Occupation. Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), Dunham’s exposure of Haitian dances across the world stage, and Deren’s experimental films better capture the reciprocal effect of the ethnographic process on each in their continued presentation to contemporary audiences. Literature directly related to their production appears later in Ishmael Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo (1972), Arthur Flowers’s Another Good Loving Blues (1993), Edwidge Danticat’s Breath, Eyes, Memory (1994), and Nalo Hopkinson’s The Salt Roads (2005). These productive literatures and art forms actively engage in creating the transnational ideal of diaspora as we understand it today. All dance delicately with spirit.
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Audrey, Adam Emilie Jessica, and Adam Emilie Jessica Audrey. "French and German responses to Radical Islamist terrorism, a potential threat to democratic values: a comparative study of the 2016 Nice and Berlin attacks." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v2txh2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士文藻外語大學
國際事務碩士學位學程
105
Terrorist attacks have been a ‘hot topic’ on the international scene in the recent years, especially in European countries such as France and Germany. EUROPOL has declared that all countries part of the US-led coalition are prime targets for ISIS, accordingly France and Germany remain primary targets. In the 21st century with the rise of Radical Islamist terrorism, it is a major concern for governments to deal with the threat. We know that Radical Islamist terrorism can harm democratic values and therefore fundamental rights. Therefore, the main interrogation is whether governments counterterrorist measures and political goals can do the same. The study is based on a cross-country analysis between France and Germany. Thus, the main driver of this research is a case study of the 2016 Nice and Berlin attacks. After understanding the essential background of the topic, the main analysis will, firstly, give a detailed description of the unwinding of both attacks. Secondly, the counterterrorist measures taken by the French and German governments in the aftermath of the attack will be given. Thirdly, we will see how the far-right parties in both countries have used the terrorist attacks as a political tool. These three steps will allow a deeper understanding on how counterterrorism and political goals can threaten democratic values and the sense of equity which in terms could lead to a vicious cycle and not do any good to the nations. The findings in this study, based on secondary data analysis, shows that France, mainly, has infringed several democratic values in the aftermath of the Nice attack. Germany has not directly infringed liberal values however restrictions on human rights are noticeable. This leads to saying that measures taken in order to counter terrorism can harm democratic principles. Some politicians use the threat of terror in their advantage to project their political goals. Overall, the harm on democratic values can turn into a vicious cycle: it can lead to more radicalization, therefore more terrorism, which will cause governments to take more restrictive measures, permanently, that could take away the sense of liberty that lies within democracies. Above all, terrorists would get what they want if this is the case.
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Walewski, Paul M. A. "Combating international terrorism : a study of whether the responses by the UK and US to the events of 9/11 are compatible with respect for fundamental human rights." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15408.
Full textAbstract:
On Tuesday 11 September 2001, four commercial planes were hijacked by terrorists. One hijacked passenger jet leaving Boston, Massachusetts crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Centre at 8.45 a.m. setting the tower on fire. Eighteen minutes later, a second hijacked akliner, United Airlines Flight 175 from Boston, crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Centre and exploded. Later that morning both the north and south towers collapsed, plummeting into the streets below. At 9.43 a.m., a third hijacked airliner (American Airlines Flight 77) crashed into the Pentagon sending up a huge plummet of smoke. A portion of the building later collapsed. At 10.10 a.m. a fourth hijacked airliner (United Airlines Flight 93) crashed into Somerset County, Pennsylvania, south-east of Pittsburgh. The crashing o f these hijacked airliners into buildings and on land were the worst terrorist attacks in the history o f the United States. They led to the loss of thousands of innocent lives and damaged property running into billions of dollars. The attacks were heralded as not only terrorist attacks on the US, but also an attack on the entire global community. The atrocities led to the most dramatic amendment to anti-terrorism legislation ever known, both within the United States and the United Kingdom. The new antiterrorism legislation in both nations however, has been widely criticised as not being compatible with respect for fundamental human rights, due to its hasty enactment. This thesis analyses the responses and new anti-terrorism legislation in both countries examining the question: do they deprive international human rights?