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Journal articles on the topic 'Artillery shell'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Didenko, Ye, and O. Stepanenko. "APPLICATION OF THE METHOD SPRINGY DEFORMATIONS OF BARREL DURING SHOT FOR DETERMINING THE INITIAL VELOCITY OF THE SHELL (MINE)." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.75-80.

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One of the indicators of the effective use of artillery is the accuracy of the fire impact on the objects of enemy. The accuracy of the artillery is achieved by completing the implementation of all measures for the preparation of shooting and fire control. Main measures of ballistic preparation are to determine and take into account the summary deviation of the initial velocity. The existing procedure for determining the summary deviation of the initial velocity for the check (main) cannon of battery leads to accumulation of ballistic preparation errors. The supply of artillery units with means of determining the initial speed of the projectile is insufficient. Among the many known methods for measuring the initial velocity, not enough attention was paid to the methods of analyzing the processes that occur during a shot in the "charge-shell-barrel" system. Under the action of the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel channel and the forces of the interaction of the projectile with the barrel there are springy deformations in the radial direction. To measure springy deformations it is advisable to use strain gauge sensors. Monitoring of deformation in a radial direction by time can be used to determine the moment of passing a projectile past the strain gauge mounted on the outer surface of the barrel. In the case of springy deformations, the initial resistance of the sensor varies in proportion to its value. The speed of the shell (mine) in the barrel can be determined by time between pulses of signals obtained from strain gauges located at a known distance from each other. The simplicity of the proposed method for measuring the initial velocity of an artillery shell provides an opportunity for equipping each cannon (mortar) with autonomous means for measuring the initial velocity. With the simultaneous puting into action of automatic control systems can be automatically taking into account the measurement results. This will change the existing procedure for determining the total deviation of the initial velocity and improve the accuracy, timeliness and suddenness of the opening of artillery fire, which are components of its efficiency.

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2

Ghosh, A. K., S. C. Raisinghani, and S. K. Dehury. "Modeling of Performance of an Artillery Shell Using Neural Networks." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 39, no. 3 (May 2002): 470–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3832.

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3

Ruhl, Charles M., Sung Jin Park, Olumide Danisa, Raymond F. Morgan, Bruno Papirmsister, Frederick R. Sidell, Richard F. Edlich, Lee S. Anthony, and Harvey N. Himel. "A serious skin sulfur mustard burn from an artillery shell." Journal of Emergency Medicine 12, no. 2 (March 1994): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(94)90693-9.

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4

Otter, Jenna, Alveena Dawood, and Joseph D'Orazio. "Sulfur Mustard Exposure from Dredged Artillery Shell in a Commercial Clammer." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 1, no. 4 (November 16, 2017): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2017.5.34034.

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5

Krysinski, Bogdan, and Piotr Zych. "FACTORS INITIATING THE ACTIVATION OF FIRING CHAIN IN ARTILLERY FUSES." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 149, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4055.

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Basic function of an artillery fuse is to ef-fectively initiate the activation of the main charge, located in the projectile shell, at a place and time decided by a gunner. The fuse also has a key role for ensuring the safe use of ammunition. Efficient initiation of the first part of so called firing train decides on proper functioning of the fuse. This element generates an impulse stimulating the activation of subsequent components of the train (chain). In the article, the authors will focus on factors initiating the correct activation of first components of the fire train in artillery fuses. These factors, with some pros and cons, will be discussed on examples of fuses which are used up to now.

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6

Konosevich, Boris I., and Yuliya B. Konosevich. "Comparison of two modified point-mass trajectory models of an artillery shell." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy 6(64), no. 3 (2019): 463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu01.2019.311.

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7

Kang, Shinjae, Chul Park, Woosuk Jung, Taesoo Kwon, Juhyeon Park, and Sejin Kwon. "Design of Gun Launched Ramjet Propelled Artillery Shell with Inviscid Flow Assumption." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 19, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2015.19.4.052.

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8

Naeem, I., J. Masood, and N. Buchholz. "Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Removal of a Calcified Intra-Renal Artillery Shell Fragment." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 155, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-155-01-09.

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9

Ivanova, Galina. "Innertial Forces with an Impact on the Parts of an Artillery Shell When Fired." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0147.

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Abstract The present work studies the inertial forces arising during the movement of an artillery projectile when it is fired. It describes the effect of these forces on the details of an independent power source that is part of a defence product. In the course of the study, chemical sources of electricity of a new type have been constructed. They are used to study the effect of their mass on the performance of the final product

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10

Нolovan, V., V. Gerasimov, А. Нolovan, and N. Maslich. "REAL CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RADAR STATIONS OF THE COUNTER BATTERY FIGHTINGV." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.30-40.

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Fighting in the Donbas, which has been going on for more than five years, shows that a skillful counter-battery fight is an important factor in achieving success in wars of this kind. Especially in conditions where for the known reasons the use of combat aviation is minimized. With the development of technical warfare, the task of servicing the counter-battery fight began to rely on radar stations (radar) to reconnaissance the positions of artillery, which in modern terms are called counter-battery radar. The principle of counter-battery radar is based on the detection of a target (artillery shell, mortar mine or rocket) in flight at an earlier stage and making several measurements of the coordinates of the current position of the ammunition. According to these data, the trajectory of the projectile's flight is calculated and, on the basis of its prolongation and extrapolation of measurements, the probable coordinates of the artillery, as well as the places of ammunition falling, are determined. In addition, the technical capabilities of radars of this class allow you to recognize the types and caliber of artillery systems, as well as to adjust the fire of your artillery. The main advantages of these radars are:  mobility (transportability);  inspection of large tracts of terrain over long distances;  the ability to obtain target's data in near real-time;  independence from time of day and weather conditions;  relatively high fighting efficiency. The purpose of the article is to determine the leading role and place of the counter-battery radar among other artillery instrumental reconnaissance tools, to compare the combat capabilities of modern counter-battery radars, armed with Ukrainian troops and some leading countries (USA, China, Russia), and are being developed and tested in Ukraine. The method of achieving this goal is a comparative analysis of the features of construction and combat capabilities of modern models of counter-battery radar in Ukraine and in other countries. As a result of the conducted analysis, the directions of further improvement of the radar armament, increasing the capabilities of existing and promising counter-battery radar samples were determined.

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11

Guo, Zhang Xia, Yu Tian Pan, Yong Cun Wang, and Hai Yan Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Muzzle Flow Field of Gun Based on CFD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1981.

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Gunpowder was released in an instant when the pill fly out of the shell during the firing, and then formed a complicated flow fields about the muzzle when the gas expanded sharply. Using the 2 d axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equation combined with single equation turbulent model to conduct the numerical simulation of the process of gunpowder gass evacuating out of the shell without muzzle regardless of the pill’s movement. The numerical simulation result was identical with the experimental. Then simulated the evacuating process of gunpowder gass of an artillery with muzzle brake. The result showed complicated wave structure of the flow fields with the muzzle brake and analysed the influence of muzzle brake to the gass flow field distribution.

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12

Konosevich, Boris, and Yuliya Konosevich. "Error estimate of the modified point-mass trajectory model of an artillery shell." Nonlinear Dynamics 90, no. 1 (July 11, 2017): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-017-3655-2.

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13

Rong, Zhang, Zhang Yi, Zhou Jikun, and Huang Haiying. "Research on the Artillery Shell Motion Parameters Automatic Detection Technology Based on Image Processing." Procedia Computer Science 52 (2015): 1171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.154.

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14

Jang, Ben W. L. "Low-Pressure Radio-Frequency Plasma for Surface Decontamination of Artillery Shell Casings. 1. Dinitrotoluene." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 12 (June 2003): 2767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie020997+.

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15

Tang, Hong, Guo Guang Chen, and Hui Zhu He. "Optimization Design and Numerical Simulation for Aerodynamics Shape of an Aircraft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.275.

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Considering safety and reliability of interface between aircraft and artillery, aircraft need of increasing space of shell bands, but its range decreased by flight experimental results. It is enough to numerically simulate and calculate to aerodynamics of two projects (namely aircraft increased spacing bands vs. archetype aircraft) model in this paper. The simulation results show that big space of shell bands affect aircraft body’s coefficient of drag, and keep to flight experimental results. In keeping to big spacing bands at the same time, it is put forward optimization scheme that aircraft can reach to design range by adjusted tails shrink angle. When the tails shrink angle reached to six degrees, the big spacing bands aircraft’s coefficient of drag decreased obviously and pressure coefficient little increased to avail of improving aircraft’s range by a large of numerical simulations.

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16

Deineko, L. M., V. M. Nadtoka, P. I. Loboda, and D. V. Harbuz. "Main trends in development of heat treatment technologies of forged pipe shell for artillery barrels." Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Metals, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.pmhtm.2413.230419.366.291.

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17

Rasico, James G., Craig A. Newman, and Morten Rikard Jensen. "Modelling fragmentation of a 155 mm artillery shell IED in a buried mine blast event." International Journal of Vehicle Performance 4, no. 4 (2018): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvp.2018.095752.

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18

Rasico, James G., Morten Rikard Jensen, and Craig A. Newman. "Modelling fragmentation of a 155 mm artillery shell IED in a buried mine blast event." International Journal of Vehicle Performance 4, no. 4 (2018): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvp.2018.10016905.

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19

Yogeshkumar, Velari, Nikunj Rathi, and P. A. Ramakrishna. "Solid Fuel rich Propellant Development for use in a Ramjet to Propel an Artillery Shell." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.15061.

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This study describes the development of a fuel-rich propellant to be used in a solid fuel ramjet to provide active propulsion to a 155 mm artillery shell. Fuel-rich propellants consisting of aluminum, ammonium perchlorate and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene were developed and their ballistic properties were measured to choose the appropriate fuel for the ramjet application. The attempts made were to enhance the burn rates of the propellant to provide required burn rates at lowest possible pressures in primary combustor of the ramjet. The propellant selection was done with reference of working time period of the base bleed unit, to calculate the required burn rate and corresponding pressure in primary combustor. It was observed that the fuel rich propellant of composition 35% ammonium perchlorate with 1 % Iron oxide embedded on it, 30 % mechanically activated aluminum with 10% polytetrafluoroethylene, and 25 % HTPB was found suitable for the above application. This provided the higher burn rates among all developed propellants with high pressure index of 0.58. This makes it suitable for the ramjet requiring higher burn rates at lower possible primary chamber pressures. The Young’s modulus and tensile strength of this propellant was measured to be 1.73 MPa and 0.24 MPa, respectively.

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20

Honcharuk, A. A., and S. V. Bondarenko. "Method of receipt of dependence of artillery shell ballistic coefficient from the corner of casting." Military Technical Collection, no. 6 (May 4, 2012): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.6.2012.100-103.

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21

Voloshchenko, Oleksandr, Mykola Kushnirenko, and Ihor Chernykh. "Improvement of the calculation methodology for covering constructions of the covered field fortifications to ensure the survivability of troops in a modern armed conflict." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 106 (May 24, 2021): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2021.106.282-295.

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The task of improvement of the calculation methodology for covering constructions of the covered field fortifications against shell-hole, penetration, ricochet and high-explosive action is solved to ensure the survivability of troops in a modern armed conflict. An analysis of the 2014-2018 anti-terrorist operation and the ongoing Joint Forces operation proves that artillery, mortar and aircraft high-destructive munitions are currently the main means of firing the enemy. Under such conditions, the survival of our troops directly depends on their effective shelter in covered field fortifications. An important element of the arrangement of such fortifications is the calculation of the structures of their covering against penetration, shell-holing, ricocheting and high-explosive action, which are performed to determine the structure of the covering, its material and thickness. The novelty of the improved technique, unlike the existing ones, is that the calculations of the covering structures take into account the shape of the warhead of artillery, mortar and aircraft ammunition, the angle of encounter and the final speed of these munitions at the moment of their impact on the covered fortification and the pliability of the covering material. Here are given the examples of calculation for the closed field fortifications structures against penetration of the warhead into the covering material, cases of punching the covering material enclosed with brittle material, ricochet of the warhead from the covering and destruction of the covering as a result of high explosive action. The obtained results will be used to calculate the protective structures of long-term fortifications for command and control centres and field hospitals.

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22

Proskuryakov, Evgeny, Mikhail Sorokin, and Aleksandr Poshekhonov. "PROBLEMS OF PENETRATION OF AN UNDEFORMABLE DRUMMER INTO AN OBSTACLE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 9 (2019): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-9-106-115.

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This paper presents engineering models for the penetration of undeformable drummers into obstacles: wood, concrete, steel and water. As undeformable drummers used: special sniper rifle bullet VSS, concrete artillery shell caliber of 152 mm, the warhead of a concrete-piercing unguided aviation missile S-8BM caliber of 80 mm, armor-piercing shell of 30 mm caliber, bullet of a submarine special APS submachine gun with a caliber of 5,66 mm, bullet of submachine gun special two-mediums ADS with a caliber of 5,45 mm. It is assumed that the resistance force of medium can be represented as the sum of three forces: dynamic drag forces proportional to the square of penetration rate, the velocity of the medium in proportion to the penetration rate and the strength of the static resistance of the medium, which is independent of the penetration rate. Penetration calculations of typical drummers were performed that are in satisfactory agreement with empirical formulas. The listed models are necessary for solving military-applied tasks of penetrating ammunition into obstacles.

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23

Sahoo, S., and M. K. Laha. "Coefficient of Drag and Trajectory Simulation of 130 mm Supersonic Artillery Shell with Recovery Plug or Fuze." Defence Science Journal 64, no. 6 (November 13, 2014): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.8110.

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24

Lichorobiec, Stanislav, Vladimir Kavický, and Lucia Figuli. "Comprehensive Assessment of Potential Threats to All Kinds of Events Arising from the Explosion of Pipe Bomb." Key Engineering Materials 755 (September 2017): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.755.219.

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In the area of terrorism, there are many methods of attack. Among the most destruction it includes the use of IEDs. IED equipment is placed or made improvised way in which the active substance is explosive. The explosive is usually located either in bulk or in metal packaging (tube or artillery shell). When an explosion occurs in addition to standard effects such as explosion explosive pressure wave seismic wave and sound wave and shrapnel from explosives packaging. The comprehensive safety assessment is therefore necessary to take into account the greatest perimeter threat. It means to assess the size of the pressure shock wave range missile fragments and their energies mainly with regard to living organisms. In my work I have tried to create a set of formulas and graphs on a comprehensive assessment of potential threats to all kinds of events arising from the explosion of pipe bomb.

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25

Decrocq, Cédric, Bastien Martinez, Marie Albisser, Simona Dobre, Patrick Gnemmi, Yannick Bailly, and Jean-Claude Roy. "Aerodynamic prediction of a projectile fitted with fins." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 1218–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-06-2017-0259.

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Purpose The present paper deals with weapon aerodynamics and aims to describe preliminary studies that were conducted for developing the next generation of long-range guided ammunition. Over history, ballistic research scientists were constantly investigating new artillery systems capable of overcoming limitations of range, accuracy and manoeuvrability. While futuristic technologies are increasingly under development, numerous issues concerning current powdered systems still need to be addressed. In this context, the present work deals with the design and the optimization of a new concept of long-range projectile with regard to multidisciplinary fields, including flight scenario, steering strategy, mechanical actuators or size of payload. Design/methodology/approach Investigations are conducted for configurations that combine existing full calibre 155 mm guided artillery shell with a set of lifting surfaces. As the capability of the ammunition highly depends on lifting surfaces in terms of number, shape or position, a parametric study has to be conducted for determining the best aerodynamic architecture. To speed-up this process, initial estimations are conducted thanks to low computational cost methods suitable for preliminary design requirements, in terms of time, accuracy and flexibility. The WASP code (Wing-Aerodynamic-eStimation-for-Projectiles) has been developed for rapidly predicting aerodynamic coefficients (static and dynamic) of a set of lifting surfaces fitted on a projectile fuselage, as a function of geometry and flight conditions, up to transonic velocities. Findings In the present study, WASP predictions at Mach 0.7 of both normal force and pitching moment coefficients are assessed for two configurations. Originality/value Analysis is conducted by gathering results from WASP, computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) simulations, wind-tunnel experiments and free-flight tests. Obtained results demonstrate the ability of WASP code to be used for preliminary design steps.

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26

Narolia, Tejkaran, Vijay K. Gupta, and IA Parinov. "Design and experimental study of rotary-type energy harvester." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 13 (June 12, 2020): 1594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20930085.

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A rotary-type energy harvester for the applications having space restrictions has been designed and developed to harvest the energy from rotary motion system. The rotation kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy through a lead zirconate titanate patch, which is strained by magnetic force. Most of the researchers used d31 mode of the piezoelectric material of such conversion. Some researchers have explored d33 mode harvester with piezo patch along the circumferential direction. In this article, d33 mode of harvesting with radial direction piezo patch has been proposed. Mathematical and finite element models are developed to calculate the harvested energy. The results are experimentally verified. The average output power of 14.48 nW is generated corresponding to the magnetic force of 0.3126 N and rotational speed of 2100 r/min. The results from the mathematical and finite element models are observed to be consistent with the experimental results. Such harvester will be useful for the applications having space limitations such as self-power generation in an artillery shell and rotary projectile.

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27

Cooper, M. G., A. C. Gebels, R. J. Bailey, and D. K. M. Whish. "Unusual Partnerships: The Corfe–McMurdie Anaesthetic Inhaler of 1918 and the 2nd Australian Casualty Clearing Station." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 46, no. 1_suppl (July 2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x180460s105.

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This World War 1 ether/chloroform vaporiser-inhaler was designed by and made for Captain Anstruther John Corfe by Private Eric Aspinall McMurdie, both of the 2nd Australian Casualty Clearing Station (ACCS), Australian Army Medical Corps (AAMC). It has a plaque attached labelled 25 May 1918. It is a perfect example of the ingenuity forced by the realities of war, and is one of the unique pieces in the Harry Daly Museum at the Australian Society of Anaesthetists (ASA) headquarters in Sydney, Australia. While serving in Blendecques, France, Private McMurdie ingeniously fashioned this vaporiser from discarded items he found on the battlefield. These included Horlick's Malted Milk bottles, on which he etched measurements for ether and chloroform, and a spent brass artillery shell, which made the heating component of the inhaler. The 2nd ACCS triaged and operated on thousands of troops, and this inhaler is a reflection of the skills and innovative expertise of the staff of the 2nd ACCS which included X-rays to localise foreign bodies, and locally made splints and apparatus to treat trench foot.

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28

Lee, In-Cheol, Hong-Seop Kim, Jeong-Soo Nam, Suk-Bong Kim, Won-Hee Hong, and Gyu-Yong Kim. "Evaluation of Protective Performance of Protection Materials for Field and Structural Body by Ignition of 155mm Artillery Shell and C-4 Explosive." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (August 5, 2013): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2013.16.4.493.

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29

Topchii, V. I., I. S. Aftanasiv, and I. G. Svidrak. "Development and modeling of a device for strengthening the channels of gun barrels by the method of vibration-centrifugal processing." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (April 23, 2019): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9120.

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The paper proposes a fundamentally new method of vibration-centrifugal hardening of internal cylindrical surfaces of long-length steel parts, in particular artillery guns, belonging to a group of methods of surface plastic deformation, and is characterized by providing a significant level of energy for deformation of the material being processed. Artillery cannons, along with a system for targeting shooting guns, are perhaps the most responsible component, which not only provides range and accuracy of the aiming shot, but also regulates the durability of the gun in general. During each of the gun shots, the surface layers of the metal of the channel of its trunk are exposed to the destructive effects of high (up to 10000 °C) temperatures, the chemical action of powder gases, excessive pressures and mechanical wear on the movement of the shell. This leads to the destruction of the structure, strength and density of the metal surface layers, its burning and wear, which in the rest, leads to violations of the geometry of the working surface of the trunk channel. Violation of the geometry of the working surface of the channel of the gun barrel negatively affects the range, and most importantly, the precision of gunfire and other precision related tactical and technical characteristics of gun armament. Excessively worn internal working surface of the canal of the trunk of repair and restoration is practically not subject. This determines the availability of such characteristics for cannon weaponry as the permissible number of gunfire shots, which to a certain extent limits the duration of the effective use of guns. A rather common practice in mechanical engineering is that when the strength characteristics and capabilities of the materials used are practically exhausted, designers and developers draw their views on the technological capabilities to improve the operational properties of parts and units. Not the last position in their list is the reinforcing operations of the surface layers of the material of the details by various methods of surface plastic deformation, widely known in the literary primary sources under the acronym “PPE methods”. The common advantage of the best of a fairly wide variety of varieties (rolling, rolling, smoothing, blasting and vibrating processing, etc.) is that, without substituting the part for energy-intensive high-temperature heating, the strength characteristics and performance properties of the most loaded surface layers of the material of parts are improved. Accordingly, the use in manufacturing processes of the details of PPD methods helps to increase their reliability and longevity. The developed design of the reinforcement on the basis of the proposed method of vibration-centrifugal hardening treatment is used to strengthen the internal cylindrical channels of the trunk of large-caliber artillery cannons. The reinforcement is simple in structure, energy-saving, does not provide for the maintenance of highly skilled service personnel. The solid-state model of the device for the vibration-centrifugal hardening of the internal cylindrical surfaces of steel parts has been created

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30

Макеєв, В. І., В. В. Воронько, Ю. І. Пушкарьов, П. І. Гайда, and О. Ю. Пащук. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИТРАТИ СНАРЯДІВ І СПОСОБУ ОБСТРІЛУ КОЛОН ПРОТИВНИКА." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 90 (June 18, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2020.90.08.

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Columns, which are highly maneuverable targets and any other targets, return the damage to the opponents. As a result of the shelling, the enemy column was informed about the systematic study and deployment of its reserves, management violations, and unfavorable conditions were created for the use of effective types of fire by other means of destruction. The result of artillery fire reveals a mathematical combination of irreversible damage and delay time of the enemy column or Woz, which is characterized by damage to the group counteracting due to the delayed columns and the adjustment of its irreversible damage.The article consists of the following sections:1. Indicators of effectiveness during the defeat of enemy columns;2. The dependence of the consumption of shells and the method of firing at the target on the conditions of the fire task;3. Dependence of projectile consumption on the required level of firing efficiency;4. The dependence of the consumption of shells on the method of determining the installations for firing on the defeat and the size of the group target;5. The dependence of the consumption of shells on the number of fire means used to hit the target, and the firing range;6. Dependence of projectile consumption on the characteristics of the impressive action of ammunition and the method of firing at the target;7. The dependence of the method of firing at the target from various factors.In the article mathematical dependences for definition of indicators of efficiency of defeat of columns, expense of shells, a way of firing of columns are considered. The probability of covering a column on the basis of the law of uniform scattering is considered. The sizes of zones of uniform scattering on the basis of a dispersion of the most favorable scattering are received.The article shows the dependences of the cost of shells and the method of firing at the target from the conditions of the fire task, based on the requirements of achieving a given degree of damage (the required level of efficiency). The issues of the dependence of projectile consumption on the required level of the rate of effectiveness of firing at the damage, and the method of determining the installations for firing at the damage and the size of the group target. The questions of dependence of shell consumption on the conditions of the fire task are considered.

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31

Veilleux, Sylvain, and Jonathan Bland-Hawthorn. "Artillery Shells over Circinus." Astrophysical Journal 479, no. 2 (April 20, 1997): L105—L108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/310588.

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32

Bhutani, N., J. P. Lauffer, and R. Gilbert-O'Neil. "Dynamic characteristics of artillery shells." Journal of Sound and Vibration 270, no. 4-5 (March 2004): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-460x(03)00624-2.

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Marques, M. J. M. Barata, and P. A. F. Martins. "On the analysis of hot forging of artillery shells." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 32, no. 7 (January 1990): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(90)90105-r.

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Bakshaev, A. A. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE SUPPLY OF MILITARY PRODUCTS BY STATE-OWNED MINING PLANTS IN THE URALS IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 19TH CENTURY." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 1(52) (2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-1-143-149.

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The article examines the activities of public authorities to improve the procedure for manufacturing and acceptance of military products in the first third of the 19th century. The author notes that the unsatisfactory performance of military outfits by state-owned plants in the Urals, as well as numerous disputes over the rejection of metals, guns and shells between military receivers and the mining administration forced them to revise the existing laws governing acceptance of military products. There were two stages in the development of the regulatory framework for the military order. At the first stage, in 1804, on the initiative of the Minister of Finance, approved by the imperial decree, a special committee was created, consisting of the leaders of Ministry of Land Forces, the Naval Ministry and the Ministry of Finance. As a result, new rules for testing and acceptance of military products were developed. Already in 1808, those rules required processing, which was handled by the Scientific Committee for the Artillery Unit of the Artillery Department. Representatives of the Mining Department were also involved in the work on improving the rules. As a result, new requirements for accepting guns and shells were developed. The second stage of improving the legislation governing the production of military products covers the 1820s – early 1830s. By the early 1820s, state-owned plants of the Urals could no longer cope with the repeatedly increasing volumes of military orders. In addition, they were charged with the manufacture of new types of military products. As a result, in 1822, on the initiative of the Minister of Finance, a special committee was again created from the officials of the Artillery and Mining departments. The result of its activities was the improvement of the supply system of military products, the reduction in orders and the development of new rules for trial and acceptance of military products.

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Andreev, A. G., and A. V. Shchepkin. "Optimization of heating artillery shells to melt their contents for disposal." Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 44, no. 1 (January 2015): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618814020034.

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Sreeramamurthy, Vanapalli, Saptarsi Dutta, Sankarsan Padhy, and Aniruddha Bose. "Determining Point of Burst of Artillery Shells using Acoustic Source Localisation." Defence Science Journal 64, no. 6 (November 13, 2014): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.8112.

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Weiss, Janusz, and Józef Grzybowski. "INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR SPOTTING THE FALLS OF BALLISTIC ARTILLERY SHELLS AND MISSILES." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 146, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6807.

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A system monitoring the falls of artillery projectiles within the area of live firings consists of detectors, separated by distances no larger than 50 m in the ground and 100 m in water, having a single core microcomputer with GPS localiser, radio link interface and a powering battery. For this reason a data transmitter is placed near the area and a receiver of transferred data and a computer with the software for visualisation of projectile impact sites is placed on a centre for controlling (commanding) and evaluating the results of firing. The managing software reconstructs an event and its position and displays it in the real time into the picture of the area shown on the monitor by analysing the data received from detectors in the form of compressed records of digital data. The received data can be used for verification and evaluation of performed firing assignments.

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Bélanger-Champagne, Camille, Hannes Vainionpää, Pauli Peura, Harri Toivonen, Paula Eerola, and Peter Dendooven. "Design of a novel instrument for active neutron interrogation of artillery shells." PLOS ONE 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2017): e0188959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188959.

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39

Zalevsky, G. S., O. I. Sukharevsky, V. A. Vasilets, and M. V. Surgai. "Estimation of Radar Scattering Characteristics of Artillery Shells in Meter, Decimeter and Centimeter Wavelength Ranges." Radioelectronics and Communications Systems 62, no. 7 (July 2019): 356–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0735272719070033.

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Mi, Xiaochen, Xianjie Meng, Qingshan Yang, Tieying Li, and Jinping Wang. "Analysis of the Residual Deformation of Yingxian Wood Pagoda." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (March 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2341375.

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Cumulative damage and residual deformation of structural components of Yingxian Wood Pagoda over its existence have caused widespread concern. Because Yingxian Wood Pagoda is a very complex ancient wooden structure, previous studies on single-storey and multistorey ancient structures are not very applicable. In this study, the deformation to the pagoda at the components, storey, and overall structure levels was monitored considering residual deformation, component cracking, and component connection conditions. The effects of different factors were preliminarily identified, including the structural weight, external impacts such as earthquakes and artillery shells, differences in moisture content according to sunlight exposure, and the prevailing wind direction. The study findings are useful in diagnosing the health and causes of deformation of unique buildings such as this in order to develop effective repair and restoration measures.

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Amirjamshidi, Abbass, Hamid Rahmat, and Kazem Abbassioun. "Traumatic aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas of intracranial vessels associated with penetrating head injuries occurring during war: principles and pitfalls in diagnosis and management." Journal of Neurosurgery 84, no. 5 (May 1996): 769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.84.5.0769.

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✓ In the early days of the war between Iran and Iraq, reports of the sudden deaths of soldiers who previously had survived a penetrating head injury suggested the possibility that a late complication, traumatic aneurysm (TA), could be the cause of this catastrophe. In response, the authors planned a prospective study to perform cerebral angiography in victims with penetrating head traumas, especially in those who had artillery shells or bone fragments passing through areas of dense vasculature. Thirty-one TAs and arteriovenous fistulas were documented. Not all of the lesions, however, were deemed appropriate for surgical intervention. Six aneurysms (19.4%) healed spontaneously and shrank or disappeared on repeated serial angiograms. The authors present their cases and discuss the incidence of TAs, their natural course and behavior, and the special problems encountered in managing these interesting and potentially fatal complications of penetrating head injuries.

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Ndibe, Thankgod Ositadinma, Benthai Benjamin, Winnie Chuno Eugene, and Johnson John Usman. "A Review on Biodegradation and Biotransformation of Explosive Chemicals." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 11 (November 29, 2018): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.11.925.

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Military training activities as well as manufacturing and decommissioning operations, lead to the generation of large quantities of explosive chemicals. Detonation and disposal of these explosive chemicals contaminate soil and ground water, thus posing a threat to living organisms and natural resources. The most commonly used explosives in artillery shells, bombs, grenades and other munitions are 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Due to their recalcitrant nature, toxicity and persistence in the environment, the study of their biodegradation and biotransformation is paramount. This paper reviews the chemistry, fate, degradation and transformation of this explosive chemicals in the natural environment. Emphasis is placed on TNT, RDX and HMX. This review will help scientists to adopt strategies and develop optimum biological treatment scheme for the in situ bioremediation of explosives-contaminated soil especially at firing/impact ranges.

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Riabkov, Andrei. "About the number of shells, released by the enemy artillery on Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War." Петербургский исторический журнал, no. 3 (2019): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x-2019-00057.

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Pustyrev, P. V. "Production of ammunition to the plant “Krasnoye Sormovo” in 1941–1944." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-4/10.

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The article discusses the production of ammunition at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant during the Second World War. Based on the study of general scientific and specialized archival materials, systematization and generalization of the data obtained, an analysis of the activities of the labor collective and management structures of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant for the production of ammunition is carried out. The dynamics of the growth in the production of shells and the development of new types of ammunition in the period 19411944 is determined, the process of creating mass production of shells in the workshops of the plant, strengthening cooperation with other defense enterprises and organizing railway communication between them is shown. The methods of modernization and improvement of equipment and technology for the production of ammunition, methods of increasing the production and personnel potential of the plant, as well as the heroic work of the factory workers in wartime conditions are examined in detail. During the war period, the share of the production of ammunition in the total volume was about 17%, which objectively testifies to the contribution of the production of artillery and rockets at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant to a radical turning point during the Second World War.

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O’Brien, C. W., M. R. Snyder, E. N. Hallberg, and A. Cenko. "Effects of targeting pod modification on F/A-18C Hornet weapons release." Aeronautical Journal 116, no. 1181 (July 2012): 743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400000720x.

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Abstract This paper describes a study that investigated the efficacy of modifications to the trailing end of the externally mounted advanced targeting forward looking infrared pod (ATFLIR) on the store separation characteristics of the F/A-18C aircraft. Prior work by Godiksen suggests that the trailing end of the geometrically similar targeting forward looking infrared pod (TFLIR) is the likely source of shock waves that can adversely impact the trajectory of a recently released store. In our study five different modifications to the aft end of the ATFLIR were analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The two most promising designs, an ogive shape such as that used in artillery shells and rockets, and a simpler extended but truncated cone shape were then further investigated. The moments that these trailing shapes produced on an adjacent released store were compared. CFD analysis revealed that the simpler cone shape resulted in weaker shocks from the aft end of the pod with a resultant smaller adverse moment on the store. While there is an extensive history of using CFD to predict store separation behavior, results from our study should be compared with wind tunnel data in order to validate the CFD simulations.

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Lee, Jung-Woo, and Yoon-Ki Hong. "A study on the effective management of artillery ammunition using ASRP data -The case of test interval determination, shelf-life prediction, force effectiveness analysis-." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 13, no. 9 (September 30, 2012): 4349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.9.4349.

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Tkachyk, P. P., B. S. Fedor, U. V. Shabatura, and V. B. Fedor. "Time-pulse method for determining the parameters of the flight trajectory of indicator shells and mines and its application for correction artillery-mortar fire." Military Technical Collection, no. 17 (November 9, 2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.17.2017.32-40.

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Wang, Liangquan, Fei Shang, and Deren Kong. "Study on Correlation Characteristics of Static and Dynamic Explosion Temperature Fields." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v2i4.1545.

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The warheads such as missiles and artillery shells have a certain speed of motion during the explosion. Therefore, it is more practical to study the explosion damage of ammunition under motion. The different speeds of the projectiles have a certain influence on the temperature field generated by the explosion. In this paper, AUTODYN is used to simulate the process of projectile dynamic explosion. In the experiment, the TNT spherical bare charges with the TNT equivalent of 9.53kg and the projectile attack speed of 0,421,675,1020m/s were simulated in the infinite air domain. The temperature field temperature peaks and temperature decay laws at different charge rates and the multi-function regression fitting method were used to quantitatively study the functional relationship between the temperature and peak temperature correlation calculations of static and dynamic explosion temperature fields. The results show that the temperature distribution of the dynamic explosion temperature field is affected by the velocity of the charge, and the temperature distribution of the temperature field is different with the change of the charge velocity. Through the analysis and fitting of the simulation data, the temperature calculation formula of the static and dynamic explosion temperature field is obtained, which can better establish the relationship between the temperature peak of the static and dynamic explosion temperature field and various influencing factors, and use this function. Relational calculations can yield better results and meet the accuracy requirements of actual tests.

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A.M., Lipanov, Rusyak I.G., and Sufiyanov V.G. "A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF GUN BARREL VIBRATIONS ON THE FIRING ANGLE OF A PROJECTILE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Matematika i mekhanika, no. 68 (2020): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988621/68/8.

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The problem of longitudinal and transverse vibrations of an artillery gun barrel during firing is considered. Unsteady stress-strain equations for the gun barrel are solved together with equations of internal ballistics. Ballistic parameters and dynamics of the projectile motion inside a gun bore are determined using a thermodynamic approach. Formulation of the vibration problem accounts for the initial gravitational deflection of the barrel, mass forces, varying distribution of the propellant gas pressure, and the effect of moving projectile mass on gun barrel vibrations. To solve the equations for longitudinal and transverse gun barrel vibrations, difference schemes are obtained by integro-interpolation method. It has been revealed that the solution to the problem in a one-dimensional formulation is almost as accurate as the results obtained in a three-dimensional formulation. Moreover, the former case is significantly less time consuming. The decay time of the barrel longitudinal vibrations after shot is shown to be much less than the time between shots in the burst. Deviations of the transverse barrel vibrations from the initial firing angle are more significant, and the vibration decay time is longer than the time between shots, which affects the accuracy of single shots and the dispersion of shells in the burst mode. Thus, when firing from a 30 mm gun at the range of 1 km, lateral vibrations lead to a change in the height of target hit point by 8.7 m.

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Bayrak, Galyna. "MODERN BELIGERATIVE RELIEF (ON THE EXAMPLE OF YAVORIV MILITARY TRAINING GROUND OF LVIV REGION)." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 11(01) (January 13, 2021): 208–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2020.1.3209.

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The author establishes the types of relief created for military purposes (beligerative) and analyzes its morphology. The territory of the Yavoriv military training ground in the Lviv region, the largest in Ukraine training complex of various types and kinds of troops, was chosen as an example. The military training ground was established in the 30s of the twentieth century. In the past, Polish infantry, German tank divisions, Soviet troops, and nowadays Ukrainian and international ground and air forces trained here. The area of the landfill is 361.5 km2. It occupies an advantageous position in the terrain, as it is located on an elevated part of the Roztochchya Upland, where the Main European watershed passes. Loose sediments are widespread in the territory, which contribute to the creation of deep and elongated forms of beligerative relief. These are mainly quaternary alluvial sands and detritus of native rocks, aeolian and diluvial loess and sandy loams, alluvial sediments. We consider the beligerative relief as an integral part of the field military fortification. The research was performed on the base of interpretation of large-scale space images, aerial photographs and field studies. The modern beligerative relief observed at the Yavoriv military training ground was classified into positive and negative forms depending on the method of military activity. Positive forms include: 1) hills of command posts for control and surveillance, 2) hills of tank or cannon fortifications, 3) micro-hills of protection against small arms, 4) bunkers (wooden-earth defense points), 5) high-altitude targets and firing positions. Negative forms are as follows: 1) trenches of the defense line and the course of connections; 2) open structures for the protection of personnel: individual trenches, pairs, for several infantry, as well as for shooting lying down, kneeling, standing; 3) trenches for the protection of equipment and heavy artillery weapons; 4) closed structures for personnel protection: dugouts, bunkers, cracks, dugouts; 5) excavations from ruptures of artillery shells. There are more negative forms in the modern military relief. Analysis of space images from different times (1980–1990, 2000–2005, 2015–2019) and modern field observations allowed us to trace the dynamics of beligerative relief forms. The formation of new and most widespread forms occurs in the mid-80 of the twentieth century. At the end of the XX and at the beginning of the XXI century, the existing forms decline, steamrolled by exogenous processes, and new ones do not appear. New forms have been appeared since 2015, but only in small local areas. The place they appear are characterized by a significant anthropogenic transformation of the terrain, the development of exogenous processes, such as soil dispersal, desertification, erosion, oozing. Key words: beligerative (military) relief; Yavoriv military training ground (Ukraine); morphological classification.

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