Relevant bibliographies by topics / Artificial spin systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Artificial spin systems'

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Published: 8 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Artificial spin systems":

1

Lammert, Paul E., Vincent H. Crespi, and Cristiano Nisoli. "Gibbsianizing nonequilibrium dynamics of artificial spin ice and other spin systems." New Journal of Physics 14, no. 4 (April 19, 2012): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/4/045009.

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2

Panagiotopoulos, I. "Magnetostatic bias in Kagome artificial spin ice systems." Physica B: Condensed Matter 486 (April 2016): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2015.09.007.

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3

King, Andrew D., Cristiano Nisoli, Edward D. Dahl, Gabriel Poulin-Lamarre, and Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla. "Qubit spin ice." Science 373, no. 6554 (July 15, 2021): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abe2824.

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Artificial spin ices are frustrated spin systems that can be engineered, in which fine tuning of geometry and topology has allowed the design and characterization of exotic emergent phenomena at the constituent level. Here, we report a realization of spin ice in a lattice of superconducting qubits. Unlike conventional artificial spin ice, our system is disordered by both quantum and thermal fluctuations. The ground state is classically described by the ice rule, and we achieved control over a fragile degeneracy point, leading to a Coulomb phase. The ability to pin individual spins allows us to demonstrate Gauss’s law for emergent effective monopoles in two dimensions. The demonstrated qubit control lays the groundwork for potential future study of topologically protected artificial quantum spin liquids.
4

Garliauskas, A. "Nonlinearities in Artificial Neural Systems Interpreted as an Application of Ising Physics." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 11, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2006.11.4.14739.

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In this review, the nonlinearities in different processes such as spin glasses, finite field models, Hamiltonian functions, learning and storing capabilities, mean field systems and others in the area of physics related to the artificial neural networks namely the main brain structure interpreted as Ising spin systems are discussed. It is shown that nonlinearities serve as exclusive role in the applied physics field.
5

Vanstone, Alex, Jack C. Gartside, Kilian D. Stenning, Troy Dion, Daan M. Arroo, and Will R. Branford. "Spectral fingerprinting: microstate readout via remanence ferromagnetic resonance in artificial spin ice." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac608b.

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Abstract Artificial spin ices (ASIs) are magnetic metamaterials comprising geometrically tiled strongly-interacting nanomagnets. There is significant interest in these systems spanning the fundamental physics of many-body systems to potential applications in neuromorphic computation, logic, and recently reconfigurable magnonics. Magnonics focused studies on ASI have to date have focused on the in-field GHz spin-wave response, convoluting effects from applied field, nanofabrication imperfections (‘quenched disorder’) and microstate-dependent dipolar field landscapes. Here, we investigate zero-field measurements of the spin-wave response and demonstrate its ability to provide a ‘spectral fingerprint’ of the system microstate. Removing applied field allows deconvolution of distinct contributions to reversal dynamics from the spin-wave spectra, directly measuring dipolar field strength and quenched disorder as well as net magnetisation. We demonstrate the efficacy and sensitivity of this approach by measuring ASI in three microstates with identical (zero) magnetisation, indistinguishable via magnetometry. The zero-field spin-wave response provides distinct spectral fingerprints of each state, allowing rapid, scaleable microstate readout. As artificial spin systems progress toward device implementation, zero-field functionality is crucial to minimize the power consumption associated with electromagnets. Several proposed hardware neuromorphic computation schemes hinge on leveraging dynamic measurement of ASI microstates to perform computation for which spectral fingerprinting provides a potential solution.
6

Li, Jianhua, Wen-Bing Xu, Wen-Cheng Yue, Zixiong Yuan, Tan Gao, Ting-Ting Wang, Zhi-Li Xiao, et al. "Writable spin wave nanochannels in an artificial-spin-ice-mediated ferromagnetic thin film." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 13 (March 28, 2022): 132404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085455.

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Magnonics, which employs spin-waves to transmit and process information, is a promising venue for low-power data processing. One of the major challenges is the local control of the spin-wave propagation path. Here, we introduce the concept of writable magnonics by taking advantage of the highly flexible reconfigurability and rewritability of artificial spin ice systems. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that globally switchable spin-wave propagation and locally writable spin-wave nanochannels can be realized in a ferromagnetic thin film underlying an artificial pinwheel spin ice. The rewritable magnonics enabled by reconfigurable spin wave nanochannels provides a unique setting to design programmable magnonic circuits and logic devices for ultra-low power applications.
7

Rodrigues, J. H., and L. A. S. Mól. "Towards magnetic monopole interaction measurement in artificial spin ice systems." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 458 (July 2018): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.03.032.

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8

Pip, Petai, Samuel Treves, Jamie R. Massey, Simone Finizio, Zhaochu Luo, Aleš Hrabec, Valerio Scagnoli, et al. "X-ray imaging of the magnetic configuration of a three-dimensional artificial spin ice building block." APL Materials 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 101101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101797.

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The extension of artificial spin systems to the third dimension offers advances in functionalities and opportunities for technological applications. One of the main challenges facing their realization is the fabrication of three-dimensional geometries with nanoscale resolution. In this work, we combine two-photon lithography with deformation-free pyrolysis and a GdCo coating to create a three-dimensional (3D) tripod structure that represents a building block of an 3D artificial spin ice, surrounded by a two-dimensional magnetic film. We map the three-dimensional magnetic configuration of the structure and its surroundings using soft x-ray magnetic laminography. In this way, we determine the magnetic configuration of the tripod nanostructure to be in the low-energy two-in-one-out spin ice state, observed at the 2D vertex of a kagome ice and predicted for three-dimensional vertices of magnetic buckyball structures. In contrast to isolated vertices, the degeneracy of this state can be lifted by the surrounding film, which also offers a route toward the controlled injection of emergent charges. This demonstration of the building block of a 3D spin system represents the first step toward the realization and understanding of more complex 3D artificial spin systems.
9

Rechcińska, Katarzyna, Mateusz Król, Rafał Mazur, Przemysław Morawiak, Rafał Mirek, Karolina Łempicka, Witold Bardyszewski, et al. "Engineering spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in liquid-crystal optical cavities." Science 366, no. 6466 (November 7, 2019): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay4182.

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Spin-orbit interactions lead to distinctive functionalities in photonic systems. They exploit the analogy between the quantum mechanical description of a complex electronic spin-orbit system and synthetic Hamiltonians derived for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in dedicated spatial structures. We realize an artificial Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction in a liquid crystal–filled optical cavity. Three-dimensional tomography in energy-momentum space enabled us to directly evidence the spin-split photon mode in the presence of an artificial spin-orbit coupling. The effect is observed when two orthogonal linear polarized modes of opposite parity are brought near resonance. Engineering of spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in optical cavities opens the door to photonic emulators of quantum Hamiltonians with internal degrees of freedom.
10

Gust, Devens. "Supramolecular photochemistry applied to artificial photosynthesis and molecular logic devices." Faraday Discussions 185 (2015): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00142k.

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Supramolecular photochemical systems consist of photochemically active components such as chromophores, electron donors or electron acceptors that are associated via non-covalent or covalent interactions and that interact in some functional way. Examples of interactions are singlet–singlet energy transfer, triplet–triplet energy transfer, photoinduced electron transfer, quantum coherence and spin–spin magnetic interactions. Supramolecular photochemical “devices” may have applications in areas such as solar energy conversion, molecular logic, computation and data storage, biomedicine, sensing, imaging, and displays. This short review illustrates supramolecular photochemistry with examples drawn from artificial photosynthesis, molecular logic, analog photochemical devices and models for avian magnetic orientation.
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Journal articles Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artificial spin systems":

1

Stopfel, Henry. "Tailoring the magnetic order in mesoscopic spin systems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328790.

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Mesoscopic spin systems can be designed and fabricated using modern nano-fabrication techniques. These systems can contain large numbers of patterned ferromagnetic elements, for which the shape will generally determine their effective mesospin dimensionality. The lateral arrangement of these mesospins can be further used to tune the interactions between them. With an appropriate choice of material, it is possible to define a temperature range where thermal fluctuations of these mesospins are experimentally accessible. To actively define this range, we use δ-doped Palladium, a three-layer system of Palladium—Iron—Palladium, for which the Curie-temperature scales with the Iron layer thickness. The patterned mesoscopic elements used in this work have a stadium-like shape that promotes a single magnetic domain state, thus making these islands behave as one-dimensional Ising-like mesospins that can be observed using magnetic imaging techniques. We investigate the impact on the magnetic order resulting from modifications of the square spin ice geometry. By adding, removing and merging elements in the square artificial spin ice architecture, energy-landscape variations can be realized. Firstly, an added interaction modifier is used to equilibrate the interactions between the mesospins at the vertex level, which can restore the degenerate ground state of the square spin ice model. Secondly, the removal of elements can lead to topologically frustrated spin systems, as not all building blocks can simultaneously be in their lowest energy state. Furthermore, the merging results in multiple element sizes in the mesospin system. As the magnetization reversal barrier is dependent on the element size, these mesospin systems have different energy barriers. The thermal ordering process in such a system differs from a single-size element system with its unique energy barrier. Using reciprocal space analysis tools like the magnetic spin structure factor we show that systems with multiple element sizes achieve a higher short-range order then their single-size element references. The magnetic order in mesoscopic spin systems could successfully be tailored by modifications of the lattice geometry.
2

Czischek, Stefanie [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Gasenzer. "Simulating Strongly Interacting Quantum Spin Systems–From Critical Dynamics Towards Entanglement Correlations in a Classical Artificial Neural Network / Stefanie Czischek ; Betreuer: Thomas Gasenzer." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119790431X/34.

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3

Brunn, Ondřej. "Magnetické fáze umělého spinového ledu na čtvercové mřížce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402646.

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Umělé spinové systémy jsou vhodným nástrojem pro zkoumání a ovlivňování neobvyklých exotických nízko-energiových stavů přímo v reálném prostoru. Experimentální realizace těchto systémů jsou založeny na výrobě vzájemně interagujících nano-magnetů uspořádaných do požadované geometrie. Prvním a asi i nejvíce studovaným umělým systémem je prostá čtvercová mřížka. V této práci se zabýváme modifikováním této čtvercové geometrie, které umožní zachycení různých magnetických fází založených na modelech ledu. Výsledky ukazují, že vhodným nastaveném této modifikace lze realizovat různé magnetické fáze, včetně neuspořádané spinové kapalné fáze s uvězněnými magnetickými kvazičásticemi (magnetickými monopóly).
4

Louis, Damien. "A new artificial spin system : the dipolar 4-state Potts model." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0154/document.

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Depuis la proposition en 2006 d’utiliser des nano aimants réalisés par des techniques top-down pour reproduire des « spins artificiels », l’étude des systèmes de spins artificiels a suscité un large intérêt. En effet la possibilité de pouvoir réaliser arbitrairement tous types de réseaux de spins artificiels et de pouvoir imager les configurations magnétiques de ceux-ci dans l’espace direct, offre un large terrain de jeu dans le domaine de la physique statistique. Jusqu’à présent seuls des réseaux de spins d’Ising, multi axes (réseaux kagomé ou carré avec une aimantation planaire) ou plus récemment uni axes (avec une anisotropie perpendiculaire), ont été étudiés. Cependant en physique statistique d’autres modèles de spins sont étudiés et notamment les modèles de Potts à q-états. Au cours de cette thèse nous avons étudié le cas d’un modèle de Potts à 4 états, ayant la particularité de posséder uniquement des interactions dipolaires entre les spins: le modèle de Potts dipolaire. Nous avons tout d’abord réalisé une étude théorique, montrant que sur un réseau carré, en fonction de l’angle entre les spins et ce réseau, le système possède des états fondamentaux très différents : un ordre antiferromagnétique, un ordre respectant les règles de la glace (2 in- 2 out) ou un ordre ferromagnétique. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons exposé l’étude expérimentale du modèle de Potts dipolaire. Des réseaux formés d’aimants carrés ayant 300 nm de côté ont été réalisés par lithographie électronique, à partir d’une couche épitaxiée de Fer possédant une anisotropie quadratique. A température ambiante, ces plots possèdent une configuration magnétique monodomaine pouvant prendre 4 directions équivalentes, comme recherché pour le modèle de Potts dipolaire à 4 états. Un passage à 350°C (inférieure à la température de Curie) sous champ nul permet d’activer thermiquement la réorientation des spins afin qu’ils se rapprochent de l’état fondamental de l’assemblée de spins. Les configurations magnétiques observées après recuit, à l’aide d’un microscope à force magnétique, montrent l’importance du couplage dipolaire sur les états obtenus, ainsi que l’influence de l’angle entre les spins et l’axe du réseau. Les différentes configurations prédites théoriquement sont bien observées
Since the proposal in 2006 to use nanomagnets patterned by top-down techniques to mimic "artificial spins", the studies of artificial spin systems has attracted wide interest. As a matter of facts, the possibility to design "upon request" arbitrary network and the possibility to determine completely the "spin" configuration with magnetic imaging offer a wide playground for statistical physics. Up to now only Ising spin systems, multi axes with planar magnetization (on square or Kagome lattice) or more recently, single axis with perpendicular anisotropy, have been studied. However, beyond Ising spins, statistical physics and condensed matter physics have shown the interest of other spin models like q-state Potts models. In this thesis, we introduce the dipolar 4-state Potts model. It is shown that on a square lattice, depending on the angle between spins and lattice, the system present very different properties like antiferromagnetic order, spin ice state (2 in-2 out ice rule) and even dipolar ferromagnetism. This model has been realized experimentally. 300 nm square magnets are patterned from a 2 nm thick Fe layer with cubic anisotropy. At room temperature, the magnets present a uniform state with 4 equivalent directions. Upon heating at 350 °C the magnets switch from one direction to another. It is therefore possible to simply drive the system toward its ground state. The magnetic configurations determined by magnetic force microscopy reveals the importance of the dipolar coupling as the different expected ground states (antiferromagnetic, spin ice and ferromagnetic) are indeed observed. It is noticeable that these very different properties are obtained with the same "spins" (magnetic elements) and same lattice
5

Schánilec, Vojtěch. "Magnetické stavy spinového ledu v umělých magneticky frustrovaných systémech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382249.

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Uměle vytvořené systémy spinového ledu jsou vhodným nástrojem pro zkoumání neobvyklých jevů, které se v přírodě dají jen těžko pozorovat. Speciálním případem umělého spinového ledu je kagome mřížka, která umožňuje zkoumat kolektivní chování spinů v látce. Tento systém má řadu předpovězených exotických magnetických fází, které zatím nebyly změřeny a prozkoumány v reálném prostoru. V rámci této práce se zabýváme úpravou kagome mřížky tak, aby mohla být využita ke zkoumání exotických stavů v reálném prostoru. Experimenty provedené na naší upravené mřížce ukazují, že jsme schopni detekovat nízko i vysoko energiové stavy, a tedy, že námi navržená úprava kagome mřížky je vhodná pro zkoumání exotických stavů v reálném prostoru.
6

Shaw, Miranda Nicole. "A Biomechanical Evaluation of Lumbar Facet Replacement Systems." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1120142792.

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Scarabelli, Diego. "Advanced Quantum Electronic and Spin Systems: Artificial Graphene and Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8736R69.

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When nature is observed at the nanoscale, quantum physics is typically the most accurate model to describe and predict its behavior. Furthermore, quantum effects are increasingly at the core of the operation of new advanced electronic and photonic devices, which, in some cases, are designed on the basis of controlling quantum systems. This thesis focuses on two such systems, united by the methods used to realize them. These methods represent the cutting-edge of nanofabrication, which is the structuring of matter at ultra-small dimensions with a degree of precision and control that has not been previously attained. Pushing these methods to their limits enables the emergence of unique phenomena in the quantum systems explored here. The first system involves the realization of artificial graphene in an AlGaAs/GaAs quantum heterostructure. The appearance of massless charge carriers in graphene, which are described by the relativistic Dirac equation, originates from the linear energy-momentum dispersion of the electronic states in proximity to the K and K’ points of the hexagonal Brillouin zone. This unique quantum behavior is a direct result of the honeycomb symmetry of the graphene lattice. The prospect of reproducing this physics in an adjustable, artificial honeycomb lattice, known as artificial graphene, offers a platform for the exploration of novel quantum regimes of massless Dirac fermions beyond the limits imposed by the inability to manipulate the lattice of the natural material. The electronic properties of a two-dimensional electron gas whose density is modulated by a periodic potential with honeycomb symmetry have been predicted to generate massless Dirac-fermions with tunable Fermi velocity. This thesis reports the observation of a graphene-like band structure in a modulation-doped AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well engineered with a honeycomb lateral surface superlattice. This was accomplished by reactive ion etching of the surface to within a few tens of nanometers from the quantum well. A metal hard-mask, patterned by electron beam lithography combined with metal deposition and lift-off, was used to form a honeycomb artificial lattice with a variable lattice period, down to 40 nm. This is a three-fold reduction with respect to the smallest reported to date in pertinent literature. The BCl3-based shallow etching produces cylindrical pillars below which the two-dimensional electron gas is expected to form quantum dots, where the electron density is higher than in the surrounding etched regions. Low-temperature resonant inelastic light scattering measurements reveal new electronic transitions. An accurate interpretation of these can be found in the joint density of states derived from the calculated graphene-like linearly-dispersed energy bands, induced by the honeycomb potential modulation. The second system comprises the nanoscale engineering of individual electron spin qubits in diamond. Spin systems in solid-state have been intensively investigated as an outstanding pathway towards quantum information processing. One of the advantages of solid-state spintronics is the possibility of applying nanofabrication techniques commonly used by the semiconductor industry to produce and integrate spin qubits. The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond stands out because of its optically addressable spin, which shows long coherence time and viable spin initiation, manipulation and read-out. A central challenge has been the positioning of NV- centers with nanometer scale control, that would allow for efficient and consistent dipolar coupling and the integration within an optoelectronic device. I demonstrate a method for chip-scale fabrication of arrays of closely-spaced NV- centers with record spatial localization of approximately 10 nm in all three dimensions and controllable inter-NV spacing as small as 40 nm. This is the highest spatial resolution realized to date in positioning NV- centers at the nanoscale with high throughput, and approaches the length scale of strong dipolar coupling. This method used masked implantation of nitrogen in an ultra-pure CVD-grown diamond substrate through nano-apertures in a thin gold film, patterned via electron-beam lithography and dry etching. The high-density and high-atomic weight of gold results in a mask which is significantly thinner than polymer films used in other works, whilst still successfully impeding ion penetration, with a mask contrast of more than 40 dB. This process allows for the creation of apertures with lower aspect ratio which are therefore easier to pattern in close proximity to one another, i.e., within the dipolar coupling range. The position and spin coherence properties of the resulting near-surface NVs were measured through wide-field super-resolution optically detected magnetic resonance imaging, Hahn echo and CPMG pulsed microwave spectroscopy. The patterning methodology demonstrated here is optimally suited to functional integration with plasmonic nanostructures, which can enhance our ability to control single-photon emission with the prospect of creating near-surface nanoscale sensors of electric or magnetic fields and quantum optoelectronic devices.
8

Wu, Hsien-Chih, and 吳顯智. "Applying the Artificial Immune Systems Algorithms to Solve the Facility Planning Problem of Spine." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/982ccz.

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碩士
國立臺中科技大學
流通管理系碩士班
101
Facility layout can be effective combination equipment in production planning process, make stable and efficient production process can be carried out. Therefore, how to obtain a good facility layout mode will be important issue. Facility layout mode is based on the transportation system, it can be divided into four categories, single layout, multi layout, loop layout and open field layout. Single layout problem is often explored by many scholars. In this study used a spine layout problem under the single layout. The purpose of this study is to find a layout mode of the lowest transportation cost. In this study used algorithm of the Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) combined with the advantages of Space-Filling Curve (SFC), and use Design of Experiments (DOE) to test problems applied with spine layout problem. A test problem with one-way and two-way two different clockwise directions was investigated differences of the material handling cost. Finally, results of the research be compared with to analysis exhaustive method and Genetic Algorithm (GA), research found that the algorithm of this study could obtain the same result with the exhaustive method, the computing speed genetic algorithm lower than result of this study. However, the implementation and the stability of computing time more efficiently.

Books on the topic "Artificial spin systems":

1

International Workshop on Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems. Hybrid artificial intelligence systems: Third international workshop, HAIS 2008, Burgos, Spain, September 24-26, 2008 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Hiroyuki, Fujisada, European Optical Society, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Sensors, systems, and next-generation satellites IV: 25-28 September, 2000, Barcelona, Spain. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2001.

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Roland, Meynart, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., Sociedad Española de Óptica, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and European Optical Society, eds. Sensors, systems, and next-generation satellites VII: 8-10 September 2003, Barcelona, Spain. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 2004.

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HAIS, 2008 (2008 Burgos Spain). Hybrid artificial intelligence systems: Third international workshop, HAIS 2008, Burgos, Spain, September 24-26, 2008 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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HAIS 2008 (2008 Burgos, Spain). Hybrid artificial intelligence systems: Third international workshop, HAIS 2008, Burgos, Spain, September 24-26, 2008 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Roland, Meynart, Neeck Steven P, Shimoda Haruhisa, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., Sociedad Española de Optica, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and European Optical Society, eds. Sensors, systems, and next-generation satellites VIII: 13-15 September, 2004, Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Spain. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2004.

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International Workshop on Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems (5th 2010 San Sebastián, Spain). Hybrid artificial intelligence systems: 5th international conference, HAIS 2010, San Sebastián, Spain, June 23-25, 2010 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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Dastani, Mehdi. Programming Multi-Agent Systems: 10th International Workshop, ProMAS 2012, Valencia, Spain, June 5, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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European Conference on Artificial Life (3rd 1995 Granada, Spain). Advances in artificial life: Third European Conference on Artificial Life, Granada, Spain, June 4-6, 1995 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 1995.

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David, Hutchison. Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems: 4th International Conference, HAIS 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Artificial spin systems":

1

Blitzer, L. "Precession Dynamics in Spin-Orbit Coupling: A Unified Theory." In Stability of the Solar System and Its Minor Natural and Artificial Bodies, 369. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5398-7_29.

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Aiash, Ahmad, and Francesc Robusté. "COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Traffic Crash Patterns and Injuries in Barcelona, Spain: An Interpretable Approach." In Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent Transportation Systems, 75–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003324140-4.

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Cochran, J. E. "Applications of the Method of Averaging to Predict Dual-Spin Spacecraft Attitude Motion." In Stability of the Solar System and Its Minor Natural and Artificial Bodies, 377. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5398-7_35.

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Paaß, Gerhard, and Sven Giesselbach. "Foundation Models for Speech, Images, Videos, and Control." In Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms, 313–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23190-2_7.

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AbstractFoundation Models are able to model not only tokens of natural language but also token elements of arbitrary sequences. For images, square image patches can be represented as tokens; for videos, we can define tubelets that span an image patch across multiple frames. Subsequently, the proven self-attention algorithms can be applied to these tokens. Most importantly, several modalities like text and images can be processed in the same sequence allowing, for instance, the generation of images from text and text descriptions from video. In addition, the models are scalable to very large networks and huge datasets. The following multimedia types are covered in the subsequent sections. Speech recognition and text-to-speech models describe the translation of spoken language into text and vice versa. Image processing has the task to interpret images, describe them by captions, and generate new images according to textual descriptions. Video interpretation aims at recognizing action in videos and describing them through text. Furthermore, new videos can be created according to a textual description. Dynamical system trajectories characterize sequential decision problems, which can be simulated and controlled. DNA and protein sequences can be analyzed with Foundation Models to predict the structure and properties of the corresponding molecules.
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Samoson, A., B. Q. Sun, and A. Pines. "New angles in motional averaging." In Pulsed Magnetic Resonance: NMR, ESR, and Optics, 80–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198539629.003.0003.

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Abstract It is the dispersion of local magnetic fields-the spread of resonant frequencies inherent even in the simplest systems-that determines selectivity and resolution in NMR. The local fields among a group of coupled nuclei, for example, may be rendered non-stationary owing to spin flip-flops, or spin diffusion, and the associated resonance can acquire a certain width as a result. Another source of frequency dispersion arises from the dependence of most spin interactions on the orientation of the external magnetic field relative to each nucleus. Thus both the spin and spatial dependence of the magnetic interactions must be addressed if one is to realize full spectroscopic control in NMR. random molecular reorientation, spatial anisotropy is averaged largely to zero. For sufficiently rapid tumbling, only the isotropic components of the spin interactions remain and so it becomes possible to achieve truly high resolution. In solids, however, restrictions on molecular motion prevent the spins from sampling a spherically symmetric set of orientations. Here, there are two general solutions: either remove the field altogether, and by so doing eliminate the very notion of directionality, as in zero-field NMR (this eliminates also the distinct isotropic chemical shifts of different nuclei), or, alternatively, one can impose an artificial motion on the spins to create the equivalent of a spherically symmetric environment. This latter option, that of supplying the motion externally, was inherent in the spin echo experiment [1] and its generalizations [2] in which the spin angular momenta are perturbed while leaving the molecules in place; and in the sample-spinning experiments of Anderson [3] , in which the sample is rotated. Averaging in spin space has progressed from simple spin echoes to the prolonged trains introduced by Waugh and later workers for solids [4].
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Singh, Samreen, Deepti Malhotra, and Mehak Mengi. "TransLearning ASD: Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Domain Adaptation and Transfer Learning-Based Approach on RS-FMRI Data." In Artificial Intelligence and Communication Technologies, 863–71. 2023rd ed. Soft Computing Research society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/978-81-955020-5-9-81.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder abbreviated as ASD, is a complex neuro-developmental disease specifically linked to nervous system that influences patients’ communicationand social behavior. Traditional clinical techniques used for the discovery of ASD fall short of definite and early ASD diagnosis. Consequently, biomarkers have been introduced in the field of ASD diagnosis and particularly, resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has posed as a valuable biomarker. Researchers have focused on utilizing the vast span of Artificial Intelligence techniques in combination with rs-fMRI, to build an effective framework for ASD detection. However, these systems have not been able to generalize to a larger set of patients, because of theheterogeneity in the available f-MRI dataset for ASD. Motivated from the aforementioned discussion, this study performs a comprehensive literature review of the existing systems covering a period of 2019-2021, thereby identifying several research gaps. To overcome the effect of existing implications, this paper expounds a TransLearning ASD framework which will achieve normalization of the heterogeneous fMRI data using domain adaptation followed by transfer learning technique for effective ASD prediction and to overcome the model generalization problem.
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Singh Laledia, Saurabh, and Sarbjeet Kaur. "Power System Protection Strategies to Improve Safety and Control." In Artificial Intelligence and Communication Technologies, 211–17. Soft Computing Research Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/978-81-955020-5-9-22.

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Power system protection is one of the prime concerns in the modern power system. The amount of expansion in consumption has put the power system to a halt lately, in the form of system failure, which results in an interruption in power supply and the worst-case scenario a blackout. The pieces of equipment often used function on high voltage rating and are in an operating mode for most of the time, so the chances of any catastrophic failure have ways remained a probability. To narrow these events and to protect the equipment, different strategies have been discussed in this paper to increase the life span and enhance the functioning of the power system. The system wasn't designed to handle the present-day challenges and changing the entire system isn't economical and feasible at once. Therefore, these clever solutions have emerged with time such as digital protection involving the latest type of relays like microprocessor-based relays and wide monitoring schemes that enhance the component's reliability and strengthen the protection of the power system network. This paper considers various power system protection strategies, and it also compares the aforesaid strategies with numerous parameters.
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Belghachi, Mohammed. "Unraveling the World of Artificial Emotional Intelligence." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 17–51. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1910-9.ch002.

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Artificial emotional intelligence (AEI) is a burgeoning field at the intersection of technology and human emotion, seeking to imbue machines with the capacity to perceive, understand, and respond to human emotions. This chapter encapsulates a comprehensive exploration of AEI, encompassing its foundations, technical intricacies, applications, user perspectives, ethical considerations, challenges, and real-world case studies. The foundations of AEI involve unraveling the complexities of human emotions, from facial expressions and voice tones to physiological signals. Understanding the technical aspects of AEI, including data acquisition, feature extraction, machine learning models, and multi-modal fusion, provides insights into the sophisticated mechanisms driving emotionally intelligent systems. AEI's applications span diverse domains, from virtual health assistants providing mental well-being support to emotionally aware educational platforms adapting to students' learning needs.
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Pérez-Martínez, José Emilio. "The Dark Side of Progress." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 226–42. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch013.

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This chapter deals with one of the hottest issues in recent years: the application of artificial intelligence to surveillance systems and the movements against this type of surveillance in Spain. The authors show how, in the face of the advance of facial recognition technologies in more and more aspects of our lives in Spain and around the world, movements of response and rejection to this new model of society are being organised. The cases of UNIR and Mercadona are analysed in this text as representative of the state of these debates in the Spanish public sphere.
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Doshi, Ruchi, and Kamal Kant Hiran. "Explainable Artificial Intelligence as a Cybersecurity Aid." In Advances in Explainable AI Applications for Smart Cities, 98–113. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6361-1.ch003.

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Within the span of just a few short years, artificial intelligence (AI) methods have spread across every facet of modern society. Even though AI models produce results, those results are often not easily explicable. XAI, or “explainable artificial intelligence,” is a rapidly expanding area of study that aims to maximise the clarity of data extraction and visualisation processes. At the heart of the current investigation is an examination of the connections between cybersecurity and the application of XAI. The increasingly sophisticated and automated nature of attacks necessitates similarly mechanised approaches to defence. Due to its unique characteristics, XAI is suitable for this purpose. Cybersecurity is the practise of safeguarding computer systems, networks, and software from intrusion. An enormous amount of hope rests on the shoulders of XAI for foreseeing such assaults.

Conference papers on the topic "Artificial spin systems":

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Perrin, Y., I. A. Chioar, V. D. Nguyen, D. Lacour, M. Hehn, F. Montaigne, B. Canals, and N. Rougemaille. "Artificial frustrated spin systems." In SPIE Nanoscience + Engineering, edited by Henri-Jean Drouhin, Jean-Eric Wegrowe, and Manijeh Razeghi. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2190322.

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Farhan, Alan. "Frustrated spin architecture: From emergent magnetic monopoles to novel artificial frustrated spin systems." In Spintronics XIV, edited by Henri-Jean M. Drouhin, Jean-Eric Wegrowe, and Manijeh Razeghi. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2596030.

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Perrin, Yann, Ioan A. Chioar, Hanna Riahi, Van D. Nguyen, Aurélien Masseboeuf, Christophe Gatel, Stefan McMurtry, et al. "Chiral magnetic monopoles in artificial spin systems (Conference Presentation)." In Spintronics X, edited by Henri Jaffrès, Henri-Jean Drouhin, Jean-Eric Wegrowe, and Manijeh Razeghi. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2278243.

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Reichhardt, C., C. J. Olson Reichhardt, and A. Libal. "Transport, hysteresis and avalanches in artificial spin ice systems." In 2010 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2010.5653054.

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Kaffash, Mojtaba Taghipour, Sergi Lendinez, and M. Benjamin Jungfleisch. "Tailoring ferromagnetic resonance in bicomponent artificial spin ices." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Antennas, Communications and Electronic Systems (COMCAS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comcas52219.2021.9629059.

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Khandekar, C., and Z. Jacob. "Thermal Spin Photonics In Nonequilibrium And Nonreciprocal Systems." In 2020 Fourteenth International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials49557.2020.9285136.

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Shaosheng Zhou and Feng Yan. "Norm invariance property of two-spin 1/2 systems." In International Conference on Automatic Control and Artificial Intelligence (ACAI 2012). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.1247.

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Bubert, Edward A., Benjamin K. S. Woods, Jayant Sirohi, Curt Kothera, and Norman Wereley. "Spin Testing of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Systems for Helicopter Rotor Applications." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35653.

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This research investigates the feasibility of using Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs) to drive a rotor blade Trailing Edge Flap (TEF) for primary control and/or vibration reduction. Specifically, this work investigates the effects of operating these compliant, pneumatic actuators under the high CF loading typical of a helicopter rotor blade. A prototype TEF actuation system was designed and built. It was tested in a vacuum whirl chamber over a range of centrifugal accelerations. Bi-directional actuation was performed to track changes in system performance with increasing CF field. Additionally, testing was performed under different levels of torsional spring loading to simulate aerodynamic hinge moment effects. Results of these tests motivated a second experiment wherein the effects of CF loading on the PAMs themselves are isolated from the rest of the system. This was accomplished by fixing the ends of PAM and performing blocked force testing over a range of centrifugal accelerations. Taken together, these tests show that chordwise PAM actuators are capable of operating under high CF loading with only minor losses in performance. Additionally, the need for careful design of actuation and flap system components for operation in this harsh environment is reiterated.
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Li, Hanrui, Aijaz H. Lone, Fengshi Tian, Jie Yang, Mohamad Sawan, and Nazek El-Atab. "Novel Knowledge Distillation to Improve Training Accuracy of Spin-based SNN." In 2023 IEEE 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aicas57966.2023.10168575.

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Kaisar, Tahmid, S. M. Enamul Hoque Yousuf, Nicolas Casilli, Mina Rais-Zadeh, Soumyajit Mandal, Cristian Cassella, and Philip X. L. Feng. "Demonstration of Artificial Spin States Using Sub-Harmonic Injection Locking in AlN-on-Si Length-Extensional Mode MEMS Self-Sustaining Oscillator." In 2024 IEEE 37th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems58180.2024.10439574.

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Reports on the topic "Artificial spin systems":

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Eparkhina, Dina. EuroSea Legacy Report. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.12.

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EuroSea is a holistic large-scale project encompassing the full value chain of marine knowledge, from observations to modelling and forecasting and to user-focused services. This report summarizes the legacy of EuroSea as planned and measured through a dedicated impact monitoring protocol, a holistic assessment of the project's successes in advancing and integrating European ocean observing and forecasting systems. Since its start, EuroSea has been analysing how well the project progresses towards the identified areas of impact. Impact assessment is not performance evaluation. These terms overlap but are distinct: performance relates to the efficient use of resources; impact relates to the transformative effect on the users. The EuroSea legacy report is presented through an aggregation and analysis of the EuroSea work towards achieving its impacts. Overall, over 100 impacts have been identified and presented on the website and in a stand-alone impact report. The legacy report sheds light on 32 most powerful impacts (four impacts in each of the eight EuroSea impact areas). EuroSea Impact Areas: 1. Strengthen the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS), support the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the GOOS Regional Alliances; 2. Increase ocean data sharing and integration; 3. Deliver improved climate change predictions; 4. Build capacity, internally in EuroSea and externally with EuroSea users, in a range of key areas; 5. Develop innovations, including exploitation of novel ideas or concepts; shorten the time span between research and innovation and foster economic value in the blue economy; 6. Facilitate methodologies, best practices, and knowledge transfer in ocean observing and forecasting; 7. Contribute to policy making in research, innovation, and technology; 8. Raise awareness of the need for a fit for purpose, sustained, observing and forecasting system in Europe. Ocean observing and forecasting is a complex activity brining about a variety of technologies, human expertise, in water and remote sensing measurements, high-volume computing and artificial intelligence, and a high degree of governance and coordination. Determining an impact on a user type or an area, therefore, requires a holistic assessment and a clear strategic overview. The EuroSea impact monitoring protocol has been the first known such attempt in a European ocean observing and forecasting project. The project’s progress has been followed according to the identified impact areas, through consortium workshops, stakeholder webinars, tracking, and reporting. At the end of EuroSea, we are able to demonstrate how well we have responded to the European policy drivers set out in the funding call and the grant agreement of our project, signed between the European Commission and 53 organizations, members of the EuroSea consortium. The project's impact is diverse, spanning areas from strengthening ocean observing governance to contributing to policymaking or boosting ocean research, innovation, and technology. Each impact area underscores EuroSea's commitment to a sustainable and informed approach to ocean observing and forecasting for enhanced marine knowledge and science-based sustainable blue economy and policies. (EuroSea Deliverable, D8.12)
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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.

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Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.

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