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1
ȘOPTEREAN, Laura, Loredana SUCIU, Voichita HAȘ, Ioan HAȘ, and Carmen PUIA. "The Influence Of Fusarium Ear Infection On The Maize Yield And Quality In Some Maize Hybrids Created At ARDS Turda." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 71, no. 1 (May 29, 2014): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9631.
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Abstract. Maize is a host plant for a large number of pathogens, over 50, that invade all of the plant organs from the moment of germination to the moment of harvesting, and cobs and seeds infections continue most of the times during crops storage. Pathogen agents contributes to deterioration and decrease quantity and quality of yield contributes to productions decreasing, both quantitative and qualitatively, with an average percentage of 20 - 25% in our country. The most damaging in quantitative and qualitative point of view are diseases caused by genus Fusarium spp.. The objectives of this paper are determining the productivity and the quality of corn hybrids created at ARDS Turda, in natural and artificial infection with Fusarium spp, and identification of resistant hybrids to Fusarium spp attack. In 2011-2012 the hybrids were tested in natural and artificial infection conditions. The inoculation was made on each cob using 4 ml of suspension. Following research we can assert the following conclusions: in terms of natural infections in both 2011 and 2012 the most productive hybrids were Turda Favorit (10.74 t / ha, 9.87 t / ha) and Turda Star (10.72 t / ha 8.78 t / ha). Yields hybrids in the study decreased by 0.3 t / ha - 1.4 t / ha under artificial infection. Artificial infections produce changes in biochemical composition of the grain. Hybrids analyzed starch content and oil are lower and protein percentage increased after artificial inoculation.
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ȘOPTEREAN, Laura, Loredana SUCIU, Voichița HAȘ, Ioan HAȘ, and Carmen PUIA. "The Influence of Fusarium Ear Infection on the Maize Yield And Quality in Some Maize Hybrids Created at ARDS Turda." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, no. 2 (November 26, 2013): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9822.
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Maize is a host plant for a large number of pathogens, over 50, that invade all of the plant organs from the moment of germination to the moment of harvesting, and cobs and seeds infections continue most of the times during crops storage. Pathogen agents contributes to deterioration and decrease quantity and quality of yield contributes to productions decreasing, both quantitative and qualitatively, with an average percentage of 20 - 25% in our country. The most damaging in quantitative and qualitative point of view are diseases caused by genus Fusarium spp.. The objectives of this paper are determining the productivity and the quality of corn hybrids created at ARDS Turda, in natural and artificial infection with Fusarium spp, and identification of resistant hybrids to Fusarium spp attack. In 2011-2012 the hybrids were tested in natural and artificial infection conditions. The inoculation was made on each cob using 4 ml of suspension. Following research we can assert the following conclusions: in terms of natural infections in both 2011 and 2012 the most productive hybrids were Turda Favorit (10.74 t/ha, 9.87 t/ha) and Turda Star (10.72 t/ha 8.78 t/ha). Yields hybrids in the study decreased by 0.3 t/ha - 1.4 t/ha under artificial infection. Artificial infections produce changes in biochemical composition of the grain. Hybrids analyzed starch content and oil are lower and protein percentage increased after artificial inoculation.
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Korottseva, I. B. "The opposite arrangement of the leaves of the cucumber." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-2-5-9.
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Actuality. The opposite arrangement of the first two leaves in cucumber seedlings can be attributed to undesirable morphoses. The task was set: "To find out how often this sign occurs in cucumber seedlings and whether it is transmitted in the next generations during seed propagation."Material and conditions. The research was carried out on the cucumber breeding material of the laboratory of selection and seed production of pumpkin crops (100-142 samples) on the basis of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in 2019-2021 in the Moscow region in the conditions of the seedling department of the winter greenhouse. Sowing of cucumber seeds for seedlings was carried out on January 10-13, March 15 and May 5. Seedlings were grown on racks in plastic pots with a 0.7 l peat mixture in accordance with the generally accepted cultivation technology. In winter – with additional illumination, in spring – without artificial illumination.Results. From year to year, almost the same selection samples of cucumber had plants with the opposite arrangement of the first real leaves. These samples differed significantly in the number of plants with an unconventional arrangement of the first true leaves, but there were differences, sometimes very strong, between families of the same origin. All this suggests that the trait is genetically determined. When sowing cucumber seeds for seedlings on January 10-13, depending on the year of research and the genotype of the material used, from 18.3 to 25.6% of samples were identified that had plants with the opposite arrangement of the first and second true leaves. In seedlings for a spring heated greenhouse (sowing on March 15), there were about 15% of such samples, and 11.0% for non-heated ones (sowing on May 5). In general, the total number of plants with the opposite arrangement of real leaves in the first node was small and varied, depending on the growing conditions and the genotype of the studied samples, from 4.2 to 11.5% of the total number of studied plants. When sowing cucumber seeds at the same time, in the winter of 2019, compared to 2020 and 2021, there were 2.4 and 1.5 times more plants with the opposite arrangement of the first two real leaves. This can be explained by the fact that when planting seedlings, families with a large number of plants with opposite leaves were rejected. Weakened plants with opposite leaves within the family were also rejected. As a result, the material involved in further work had fewer plants with an unconventional arrangement of the first true leaves. It should be noted that plants with opposite leaf arrangement had only those F1 hybrids whose parent forms also differed in this disadvantage. It can be concluded that by selecting parent forms that do not have opposite leaf arrangement, it is possible to create hybrids that will not react sharply to the deterioration of growing conditions by laying opposite leaves.
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Mazitov, N. K., R. L. Sakhapov, Yu Kh Shogenov, L. Z. Sharafiev, Yu S. Tsench, and I. R. Rakhimov. "Competitive complex of machinery and technologies for the production of grain and feed." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 20, no. 3 (June 19, 2019): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.3.299-308.
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The current situation in agricultural production is challenging. During the last 2 decades, the agrarian production system has been deteriorating. It concerns crop rotations, moisture accumulation and moisture conservation technologies, ways of increasing soil fertility and growing environmentally friendly grain, reducing production costs and increasing product profitability. But there are forced late sowings and artificial “drought”. All this provides reasons to consider domestic breeding and seed production obsolete and to introduce the foreign analogue, which has planned negative impacts not only on quantitative, but also on qualitative safety. The article provides the solution to this major strategic problem. Under the research program of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a highly competitive technology for the production of grain and fodder was developed on the basis of only domestic equipment that 2-5 times predominates over the best foreign analogues in functional indicators. It was confirmed by a number of state tests in 1990-2016 and approved by numerous meetings of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, RAS. The units of domestic tractors and functional machines that can compete with the best foreign counterparts have been developed.
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Eshchenko, V. E., S. V. Karnaukh, and A. B. Usik. "Organic system of agriculture and proposals for its implementation." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 1, no. 97 (December 28, 2020): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-1-128-136.
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Organic system of farming (better called a biological system) is an alternative to the modern intensive systems, according to which the technology of cultivated crops involves the production of environmentally healthy food for the humans and feed for farm animals. To do this, crop products must not contain any harmful chemical residues. Therefore, the use of any artificial chemicals, for example, mineral fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, desiccants, defoliants, etc. is prohibited in its production. The area under the organic system is increasing from year to year and by 2018 they have reached 32.4 million hectares in the world, including 7.4 million hectares in Europe, and the leaders among European countries in the production of organic products are Austria and Switzerland. In 2011, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law “On Organic Production”, which defines the legal, economic, social and organizational bases of organic farming. However, the area under such a system in the country so far remains insignificant, and the reason for this is the high potential clogging of our lands, which does not allow the transition to herbicide-free technologies. Below are some techniques that allow you to reduce the clogging of the fields below the threshold of its harmfulness in order to abandon herbicides as a major factor in the deterioration of phytosanitary conditions. Such methods are such a structure of the sown areas, allowing to switch to crop rotation, application of manure without weed seeds, use of improved chills instead of the usual, inclusion in the technology of spring harrowing pre-emergence and their shoots, abandonment of intermediate cultivation for late spring crops instead of spring crops, use spring May.
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Menezes, Vanessa Ocom, Sidinei Jose Lopes, Solange Bosio Tedesco, Fernando Augusto Henning, Humberto Davi Zen, and Liliane Marcia Mertz. "Cytogenetic analysis of wheat seeds submitted to artificial aging stress." Journal of Seed Science 36, no. 1 (2014): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372014000100009.
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Several studies have been developed to understand the physiology of seed deterioration, however, the initial steps of the deterioration process are not completely clear. Seed vigor and viability losses are also associated with genetic material damage. This study was carried out to detect cytogenetic and physiological alterations occurring during the deterioration process of wheat seeds, due to artificial aging stress. Two cultivars, Ônix and Fundacep Campo Real, were submitted to six different treatments: control (T1), 24 (T2), 48 (T3), 72 (T4), 96 (T5) and 120 (T6) hours under artificial aging conditions: 42 °C and 100% relative humidity. Germination and vigor tests (First Count of Germination, Electrical Conductivity, Seedling Emergence in the Field and Emergence Speed Index) were performed. Cytogenetic evaluations were performed through smear technique for root tips, stained with 2% acetic orcein. Total number of cells under division and mitotic index (MI) were determined. According to results, vigor and mitotic index were affected due to deterioration process induced by artificial aging stress. A reduced number of dividing cells were observed in seeds submitted to prolonged period of aging. Chromosomal abnormalities in mitotic cells of aged seeds were detected with the occurrence of micronuclei, chromosome breaks and bridges.
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Li, Bang-Bang, Shuai-Bing Zhang, Yang-Yong Lv, Shan Wei, and Yuan-Sen Hu. "Reactive oxygen species-induced protein carbonylation promotes deterioration of physiological activity of wheat seeds." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): e0263553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263553.
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During the seed aging process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce the carbonylation of proteins, which changes their functional properties and affects seed vigor. However, the impact and regulatory mechanisms of protein carbonylation on wheat seed vigor are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the changes in wheat seed vigor, carbonyl protein content, ROS content and embryo cell structure during an artificial aging process, and we analyzed the correlation between protein carbonylation and seed vigor. During the artificial wheat-seed aging process, the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzyme antioxidants decreased, leading to the accumulation of ROS and an increase in the carbonyl protein content, which ultimately led to a decrease in seed vigor, and there was a significant negative correlation between seed vigor and carbonyl protein content. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that the contents of protein bodies in the embryo cells decreased remarkably. We postulate that during the wheat seed aging process, an imbalance in ROS production and elimination in embryo cells leads to the carbonylation of proteins, which plays a negative role in wheat seed vigor.
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Chaudhuri, Madhurima. "Artificial seed technology: A brief review." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 1884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6aa.11041.
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Magomedov, Islam Arbievich, Timur Gadzhievich Aygumov, and Natalya Ivanovna Pikuleva. "Possibilities of deterioration of artificial intelligence." E3S Web of Conferences 451 (2023): 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345106012.
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The following article covers the modern technology that changed the known world for the humans dramatically. Its influence is only increasing and its adaption rate by industries is moving parallel. This technology might provide some solid results and transformation in one field and might have negative influence on the other parts. Therefore, this article will be aimed to illustrate what is AI technology and its common application and therefore its impact on them. This article also covers future perspectives of the technology.
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Gutiérrez, Germán, Felipe Cruz, Juan Moreno, Victor A. González-Hernández, and Jorge M. Vázquez-Ramos. "Natural and artificial seed ageing in maize: germination and DNA synthesis." Seed Science Research 3, no. 4 (December 1993): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500001896.
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AbstractThe effect of natural and artificial seed ageing has been compared in terms of physiological and biochemical responses of several maize genotypes. The physiological parameters were: viability, germinability, emergence in sand and dry matter accumulation. The biochemical parameters were: DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity. A close and direct relationship was found between seed deterioration and DNA metabolism in all maize materials which responded to ageing according to their genetic constitution; i.e., vigorous genotypes suffered less severe damage or recovery was faster than in the low-vigour genotypes. Coordination of events at appropriate times would seem a critical factor for proper seed germination.
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Kellett, John. "Which patients should be monitored, how should they be monitored, and why should they be monitored?" Acute Medicine Journal 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0778.
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Intensively monitoring severely ill patients is like placing a smoke alarm in a burning building: it makes no sense. Smoke alarms only makes sense if they are placed in buildings before a fire starts, or after a fire has been extinguished in order to make sure it does not start again. Therefore, logic suggests that it is more important to monitor sick patients with normal vital signs in order to detect any deterioration as early as possible, or AFTER a severe illness in order to ensure they do not relapse, and it is safe for them to be discharged from hospital and return home. Paradoxically, it may be a lot more difficult to determine from vital sign changes if a patient is getting better than if he or she is getting worse. Consider an unfortunate victim hurled into the Colosseum in Rome to be chased by a lion for the amusement of the crowd. On the first lap around the arena the victim’s vital signs are likely to be at their maximum derangement. However, no one in the arena will imagine that the slowing of his heart and respiratory rate on the second and subsequent laps signifies an improvement in his situation, unless the lion is removed. How long after the danger from lion has gone will it take for the victim’s vital signs to return to normal? This will depend on several things, such as the victim’s prior level of health and fitness, other ill-understood emotional and physiological factors, and on if another lion enters the arena. In this edition of Acute Medicine, Subbe et al1 report a system that identifies patients fit for hospital discharge by analyzing trends in vital sign recordings made every four hours. A machine learning algorithm was able to identify clinical stability within just 12 hours of observation (i.e. 3 sets of vital signs), three times faster than a traditional manual system. Before these impressive results are accepted at face value two important caveats that must be considered: firstly the definition of clinical stability was arbitrary, and secondly the acceptable failure rate of the system was determined by present day readmission rates for medical emergency admissions of 12-13%,2 which some might consider a very low bar. Nevertheless, further development of this technology, especially if applied to continuous measurement of vital signs by wearable devices, is likely to allow earlier detection and discharge of stable patients, thus reducing the pressure on overworked emergency departments and acute medical units. A more pressing question than identifying patients fit for discharge is the assessment and monitoring of sick patients who present with normal or near normal vital signs. These patients account for 60-70% of patients admitted to hospital.3 Although many will develop vital sign changes during their admission, only a small minority of these patients will die in hospital, and many of them will die with minimal vital sign derangement or even normal vital signs.4 Yet, it is these infrequent deaths that cause the most concern and angst. They nearly always result in an inquest or inquiry, which start with de facto assumption that all those involved with the patient’s care were in some way to blame. Most medical illness starts with the patient having nonspecific feelings of being unwell. The interval between these subjective nonspecific symptoms and the development of specific symptoms and objective signs may be seconds in acute cardiac disease, minutes in meningococcal sepsis, and hours or even days in other conditions. It should not be surprising that the deterioration of such patients is often missed, especially if it is gradual. If these patients are only monitored intermittently it is highly likely that important blips in their vital signs will be missed, along with the opportunity to save them. For example, vital signs recorded every 4 hours would not detect the rapid deterioration of conditions such as meningococcal septicaemia. On the other hand, the overwhelming majority who do not die will also develop unimportant vital sign abnormalities, which will require no intervention and should be ignored. It may seem that the obvious solution to this conundrum is the continuous monitored of these patients by machine-learning computer algorithms. However, maybe this technology does not need to be applied to all of them. It may be possible to identify at initial assessment patients who are clinically stable and, therefore, extremely unlikely to die. In addition to vital signs,5 impaired mobility has been shown to be a predictor of mortality, and normal mobility a powerful predictor of survival.6Biomarkers,7 ECG changes8 and most importantly, the patient’s subjective feelings and symptoms9 may also help identify clinically stable patients who are highly unlikely to deteriorate. It may also be that clinical stability could be determined by continuously monitoring patients for a short time using machine-learning algorithms.10 These are all interesting and exciting possibilities, just waiting for to be tried and tested. Artificial intelligence and computer technology have much to offer acute medicine, but maybe there is still a role for touching, feeling, observing and talking to patients.
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KAMADA, Hiroshi, and Yoshinobu TACHIKAWA. "Present Situation and Problems in Artificial Seed Technology." Kagaku To Seibutsu 30, no. 6 (1992): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.30.371.
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Garg, Raghav, and Sudhanshu Maheshwari. "SYNTHETIC SEED TECHNOLOGY, APPLICATION AND FUTURE TRENDS." EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v9i1.67.
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In nature, seeds are typically the primary method of plant propagation. Some plants can be vegetatively propagated but conventional methods are time consuming, expensive and cannot produce plants at larger scale. Synthetic seed technology could play a significant role in the production of artificial seeds, or Syn-seeds. Somatic embryos lacked crucial auxiliary tissues like endosperm and protective coverings, which made them difficult to handle and store. Two kinds of somatic embryos are known as desiccated and hydrated seeds based on the techniques developed thus far. The goal of this study is to emphasize the historical and current status of the creation of synthetic seeds. The micropropagation method is still one of the main barriers to the advancement of artificial seed technology. Despite the use of somatic embryos for artificial seed generation in a variety of plant species, there are still some significant problems that must be resolved before progress can be made. The synthetic seed process is a godsend for the vegetative multiplication, conservation, & long-term conservation of rare, endangered, and vulnerable species' superior germplasm. The current scenario of artificial seed to advance agriculture innovation still requires more practical directed appliances.
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Ortikova, Kamola, Akmal Umarov, and Maftuna Inamova. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SAW GINNING TECHNOLOGY." American Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume05issue10-03.
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In the process of separating the fiber from the seed, the speed of the seed roll in the roll box of the saw gin varies depending on the diameter of the saw. As the blade diameter decreases, the peripheral speed does not change, but the linear speed does. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of the fiber and seed, and a decrease in the productivity of the machine. For this reason, the regulation of the linear speed of the saw is one of the important problems in the ginning process. To do this, the speed of rotation of the saw cylinder is changed following the change in the diameter of the saw. Thus, the speed of the seed roll is regulated.
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Anuroopa, P., B. Pushpavathi, P. Sujatha, and S. Hari Kishan. "Factors Influencing the Deterioration of Groundnut Seed Health and Its Implications on Storage Capacity." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (November 2, 2023): 2093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113370.
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Aims: The current study aimed to investigate the factors influencing seed deterioration in groundnut.
Study Design: Three factorial CRD.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology Centre, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, between february 2022 to march 2023.
Methodology: Groundnut seeds harvested at different stages (early, normal, and late) were considered, each with varying seed moisture levels (8%, 10%, and 12%). These seeds were stored under ambient conditions for one year and evaluated for percentage of seed infection, seed rot, and bruchid infection. The assessments were carried out with three replicates, each consisting of 100 seeds. The study was conducted using a three-factorial design as the experimental setup involved three independent variables.
Results: Results showed that among the different seed moisture levels, seeds harvested early with 8% moisture content exhibited the lowest percentages of seed infection, seed rot, and bruchid infection at 62.75% and 59.58% respectively after one year of storage. Conversely, seeds from the late harvesting window with 12% seed moisture content displayed the highest percentages of these seed health parameters at 53%, 00%, and 49.42% respectively. Notably, there was significant variation in seed infection rates observed in both 8% and 12% seed moisture content groups.
Conclusion: These discoveries reveal the vital significance of timely harvesting and maintaining the right moisture levels to safeguard the quality and health of seeds.
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AMANPOUR-BALANEJI, Bahman, and Mohammad SEDGHI. "Effect of Aging and Priming on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 4, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb427358.
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Aging and deterioration (artificial aging) are the most effective factors on the seed vigour. In order to study the changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics of common bean under aging and priming treatments a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design conducted with three replications. Seed aging (control, 90 and 80% of control germination) and seed invigoration with priming including control, hydro (distilled water), osmo (PEG 6000), hormone (gibberellic acid) and halo (NaCl) priming were considered as experimental factors. Results showed that osmo-priming had the ability to relatively ameliorate the aging effect and recover some of the seed aspects like germination rate, protein and phytin content for invigorate germination and seedling establishment. Priming indirectly increased seed vigour via germination rate and it can provide homogeny of emergence in the field and obtaining appropriate plant population.
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Sathiyamoorthy, P., and S. Nakamura. "FREE-RADICAL-INDUCED LIPID PEROXIDATION IN SEEDS." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, no. 4 (May 13, 1995): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1995.10676616.
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From the practical standpoint, it is desirable to prolong the shelf life of seeds not only under optimum conditions of storage but also under suboptimal conditions. Production of radicals and their intermediates during storage of low or high lipid-containing seeds, and their relationship to seed aging is poorly understood. Reactions involving free radicals are an inherent feature of seed deterioration. Evidence suggests that degradation of lipids in deteriorating seeds, releasing free fatty acids, initiates oxidative deterioration by providing substrate for lipoxygenase. Membranes are primary targets of free radical attack. Recent studies showed that low-vigor embryos contained significantly higher levels of free radicals than high-vigor ones, while embryos from medium-vigor lots showed intermediate values. Pretreatment of seeds with an appropriate ratio of vitamin C to vitamin E may result in a synergistic defense response to oxidative lipid damage and, thus, may prevent seed deterioration to some extent. Indeed, knowledge of identification, isolation, cloning, and plant transformation of genes controlling unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in relation to lipid peroxidation (seed aging) will be an added advantage for post-harvest seed storage technology.
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Hamami, Happy Suryati, Abdul Qadir, Satriyas Ilyas, and Bambang Budhianto. "SEED DETERIORATION PATTERN OF FOUR BAMBARA GROUNDNUT LANDRACES (Vigna subterraneasubterranean (L) Verdc) IN OPEN STORAGE SYSTEM." Informatika Pertanian 27, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v27n2.2018.p111-118.
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) is a potential commodity to be developed in Indonesia, however, the production is done only once a year, therefore, it needs proper seed storage. The aim of this research was to study seed deterioration patterns of four bambara groundnut landraces stored in packages with different permeability in an open storage system for up to 6 months. This experiment was conducted from November 2015 to July 2016 at Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. Stages of experiment as follow: calculation of packaging permeability, seed storage, preparation and fitting data to regression equation.The packaging used in the study is aluminum foil, pp plastic and plastic sacks which have measured its permeability. The result showed that the seed deterioration of four bambara groundnut landraces in three packaging permeability has common sigmoidpattern with equation model: y = a / {1 + exp ((x + b) / c)}. The seed deterioration pattern based on SG and EC variables with the faster rate of decline occurred in Sumedang landrace packed in plastic sack (permeability = 1.4681 g/day m2 mm/Hg), thus having a shorter storability. The slower rate of decline occurred in Gresik landrace packed in aluminum foil (permeability = 0.098 g/day m2 mm/Hg), this means that it has a longer storability.
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Hamami, Happy Suryati, Abdul Qadir, Satriyas Ilyas, and Bambang Budhianto. "SEED DETERIORATION PATTERN OF FOUR BAMBARA GROUNDNUT LANDRACES (Vigna subterraneasubterranean (L) Verdc) IN OPEN STORAGE SYSTEM." Informatika Pertanian 27, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v27n2.2018.p111-118.
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) is a potential commodity to be developed in Indonesia, however, the production is done only once a year, therefore, it needs proper seed storage. The aim of this research was to study seed deterioration patterns of four bambara groundnut landraces stored in packages with different permeability in an open storage system for up to 6 months. This experiment was conducted from November 2015 to July 2016 at Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. Stages of experiment as follow: calculation of packaging permeability, seed storage, preparation and fitting data to regression equation.The packaging used in the study is aluminum foil, pp plastic and plastic sacks which have measured its permeability. The result showed that the seed deterioration of four bambara groundnut landraces in three packaging permeability has common sigmoidpattern with equation model: y = a / {1 + exp ((x + b) / c)}. The seed deterioration pattern based on SG and EC variables with the faster rate of decline occurred in Sumedang landrace packed in plastic sack (permeability = 1.4681 g/day m2 mm/Hg), thus having a shorter storability. The slower rate of decline occurred in Gresik landrace packed in aluminum foil (permeability = 0.098 g/day m2 mm/Hg), this means that it has a longer storability.
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Chinnasamy, G. P., S. Sundareswaran, K. S. Subramaniyan, K. Raja, P. R. Renganayaki, and S. Marimuthu. "Volatile organic compound analysis as advanced technology to detect seed quality in groundnut." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 3 (September 16, 2022): 885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i3.3617.
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An experiment was conducted to profiling the volatile organic compounds emitted from groundnut seeds during storage and also to assess the volatiles emission level during seed deterioration. Volatile organic compounds profiling of stored groundnut seeds was done through GC-MS at monthly intervals. The results showed that several volatile compounds were released from stored groundnut seeds and all the compounds are falling into eight major groups viz., alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, alkanes, alkenes, ketones and ethers. The study clearly demonstrated the influence of volatile organic compounds emission level on physiological and biochemical properties during storage. There was a significant decrease in physiological and biochemical quality attributes noted due to an increase in the strength of volatiles released during ageing. When the release of total volatile strength reached more than 50%, a significant reduction in physiological attributes such as germination, root and shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were observed. With respect to biochemical properties, a significant increase in electrical conductivity of seed leachate, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase activity, and a decrease in dehydrogenase, catalase and peroxidase activities were observed. However, the highest reduction in all these properties was recorded when the total volatile strength reached 92.72%. The study concluded that the volatiles released during seed deterioration could be considered the signature components for detecting the seed quality during storage.
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Ruffoni, B., F. Massabò, and A. Giovannini. "ARTIFICIAL SEED TECHNOLOGY IN THE ORNAMENTAL SPECIES LISIANTHUS AND GENISTA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 362 (June 1994): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.362.36.
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Rizkalla, Aida A., Awatef M. Badr-Elden, Mahmoud El-Sayed Ottai, M. I. Nasr, and Marwa N. M. Esmail. "Development of Artificial Seed Technology and Preservation in Sugar Beet." Sugar Tech 14, no. 3 (April 22, 2012): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-012-0146-0.
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Rincón, Froylan, and Juan Molina. "Efecto del método de envejecimiento artificial sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz." Agronomía Mesoamericana 1 (June 27, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v1i0.25325.
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Some of the recommended tests to evaluate physiological quality of seed with increased accuracy cannot be commonly practiced due to the high costs of equipment From the selection of seed obtained at the “Centro de Genética del Colegio de Postgraduados in Montecillo, México”, various laboratory trials were conducted to obtain higher precision and economic efficiency that would allow for artificial ageing tests. Maize seed from the open pollinated variety “Huamantla” with 91 % germination was placed over a wire mesh in metal pots, glass jars and plastic boxes of various sizes. Distilled water was added to each of these containers leaving an open space between the water and the seeds. The air tight containers were placed In both a drying oven and a germination chamber, calibrated to 42+/- 1C for 96 hours. The Interior environment was assumed to approach high levels of relative humidity (85-100%). The results demonstrated a lowering of germination from 1 to 82% depending on treatment. In this sense the plastic box treatment (9.5 x 8.0 x 4.5 cm) placed in the germinator was more efficient with a reduction in germination of 82% and the metal pot placed In the drying oven resulted In being less efficient (1 to 5%) respectively. It was also observed that seeds placed in the plastic boxes absorbed more moisture than the metal boxes which explains the Increased deterioration found for the latter.
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Huang, Baosheng, Lu Gan, Dongjie Chen, Yachun Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Xiangli Liu, Si Chen, et al. "Integration of small RNA, degradome and proteome sequencing in Oryza sativa reveals a delayed senescence network in tetraploid rice seed." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): e0242260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242260.
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Seed of rice is an important strategic resource for ensuring the security of China's staple food. Seed deterioration as a result of senescence is a major problem during seed storage, which can cause major economic losses. Screening among accessions in rice germplasm resources for traits such as slow senescence and increased seed longevity during storage is, therefore, of great significance. However, studies on delayed senescence in rice have been based mostly on diploid rice seed to date. Despite better tolerance have been verified by the artificial aging treatment for polyploid rice seed, the delayed senescence properties and delayed senescence related regulatory mechanisms of polyploid rice seed are rarely reported, due to the lack of polyploid rice materials with high seed set. High-throughput sequencing was applied to systematically investigate variations in small RNAs, the degradome, and the proteome between tetraploid and diploid rice seeds. Degradome sequencing analysis of microRNAs showed that expression of miR-164d, which regulates genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, was changed significantly, resulting in decreased miRNA-mediated cleavage of target genes in tetraploid rice. Comparisons of the expression levels of small RNAs (sRNAs) in the tetraploid and diploid libraries revealed that 12 sRNAs changed significantly, consistent with the findings from degradome sequencing. Furthermore, proteomics also showed that antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated in tetraploid rice seeds, relative to diploids.
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Naz, Raja Mohib Muazzam, Muhammad Hanif, Waqas Ahmed Dogar, Muhammad Umar, Qandeela Nigar, Uzma Arif, Saima Noor, et al. "AEROPONIC SEED POTATO PRODUCTION: A PROMISING AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY FOR SEED POTATO PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 21, no. 1 (February 20, 2024): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.01.838.
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Potato is an important food and cash crop globally and faces many challenges in Pakistan. These challenges include issues with soil fertility, pest and disease pressure and shortages of high-quality seed potatoes. The scarcity of high-quality seeds is a massive hassle in Pakistan. Farmers in Pakistan, often reuse their seeds or obtain them from informal sources. This practice leads to increased seed quality deterioration and tuber-borne diseases, resulting in decreased yields. To address this situation, aeroponic techniques can effectively meet this challenge. Aeroponics is a novel technique for producing high-quality seed potato, aiming to address the challenge of seed production. Aeroponic techniques are commercially practised in many countries. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the importance of aeroponic technology and how this technique can help uplift/boost up the seed potato production system in Pakistan. The overview concludes that aeroponic seed production offers numerous benefits, including improved yields, and resistance, even as keeping natural resources. Despite the challenges, the evaluation indicates that the implementation of aeroponic seed production technology in Pakistan may offers a promising and sustainable technique for seed potato production in Pakistan.
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Rahman, Lutfor, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Ahsan Habib, Motiur Rahman, and Abdullahil Baque. "Quality assessment of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds using the controlled deterioration technique." Trends in Horticulture 2, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/th.v2i1.718.
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A three-factor experiment was set at the Horticulture Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, to study the effects of the controlled deterioration (CD) on the pea seeds at the constant temperature of 35 ℃. The 3 factors considered were: 3 pea seed sources (Rangpur Local/RL, Dinajpur Local/DL and Thakurgaon Local/TL); 3 ageing periods (0, 8 and 16 days); and 3 seed moisture contents (12, 16 and 20% MC). The 27 treatment combinations compared in the CRD with the 3 repetitions for the 8 arenas were: % germination, % abnormal seedlings, % dead seeds, % soil emergence and seedling evaluation test for the root and shoot lengths as well as their dry matter contents. Identical prototypes of notable (5–1% level) degradations were recorded everywhere. But the disparities were lucid under the extreme stresses. Moreover, highly noteworthy (1% level) relations were traced amid all the traits ranging from -0.9847 (soil emergence × abnormal seedling) to 0.9623 (soil emergence × normal seedling). So, the CD technique was very effectual in judging the physiological statuses of the seed sources studied. Thus, the germination test might be add-on by a vigor test, the latter of which could be assessed by quantifying the seedlings’ root and shoot lengths and/or their dry matter accumulations. Moreover, in the seed quality certification, the suitable limits of vigor for the chosen traits could also be got by this technique. But the seeds of several pea varieties should be exploited to fix-up the agreeable limits of the traits. Furthermore, to save time, the ageing period could be squeezed by raising the seed MC.
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Hu, Xiaolei, Miller McDonald, and David Tay. "(317) A New Seed Vigor Testing System for Ornamental Species using Computerized Imaging Technology." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1044D—1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1044d.
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During the past 2 decades, automated plug production in the flower seed industry has created important requirements by growers for high-quality flower seeds. Using computerized imaging technology, a new seed vigor testing system, Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS), was developed at The Ohio State University. By analyzing the digital images of seedlings, it can detect and measure the length of hypocotyls and radicles separately, and then generate a value for the growth and uniformity each. This system provides a fast, labor-saving and objective approach to measuring seed quality. In this study, its capacity and correlation with field performance was studied and compared with other traditional tests, i.e. standard germination test, germinate rate, and accelerated aging test. Five species (dianthus, cleome, rudbeckia, salvia, and lettuce) were selected and their quality was tracked continuously by SVIS and other mentioned tests. It was found that stressed test (ageing test) was able to detect the quality deterioration earlier than others under ideal conditions, but SVIS could generate much more information, such as the growth, uniformity, and vigor level of the seed lot. Therefore, SVIS following 3-day ageing was developed and shown to be the most sensitive and comprehensive vigor test for those ornamental species mentioned above. Being fast and objective, this system will also benefit the global seed trade by providing a unique quality standard. In addition, it can also be of great usage to seed companies and germplasm centers worldwide for the routine quality track during shipment/storage and inventory management.
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Taghvaei, Mansour, Hamideh Maleki, Solmaz Najafi, Hossein Shahsavand Hassani, Younes Rezaee Danesh, Beatrice Farda, and Loretta Pace. "Using Chromosomal Abnormalities and Germination Traits for the Assessment of Tritipyrum Amphiploid Lines under Seed-Aging and Germination Priming Treatments." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 13, 2023): 9505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129505.
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Primary Trans Chromosomal Tritipyrum (PTCT) amphiploid is a new cereal grown in saline soil and brackish water for grain and forage production. We evaluated the tolerance to seed deterioration in 13 promising PTCT lines, assessing accelerated aging (AA) tests by using AA boxes with 100% relative humidity at 40 °C for 72 h. The (Ma/b)(Cr/b)F4 and (St/b)(Cr/b)F4) PTCT lines, more sensitive to seed aging, were primed with NaCl, Salicylic Acid (SA), and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) to increase the seed vigor of artificially aged seeds. Germination and emergence traits, biochemical parameters, and chromosomal abnormalities induced by artificial aging were measured in deteriorated and not-deteriorated seeds. The highest reduction percentages related to seed vigor were observed in (Ka/b)(Cr/b)F2 (34.52) and La(4B,4D)/b (28.15) lines, while the lowest was found in (Ma/b)(Cr/b)F4 (7.65) and (St/b)(Cr/b)F4 (7.46) lines. Seed aging also increases electrolytes, potassium, and protein leakages. Chromosomal abnormalities are caused by seed aging that interferes with chromosome behaviors during cell division. Seed priming on aged seeds revealed an increase in the germination percentage (GP) with PEG treatment, while the priming by SA showed an increase in seedling traits, such as the seedling length (SL2). In conclusion, we highlighted the potential use of different PTCT lines and the effective use of seed priming on deteriorated seed to enhance seed viability and seedling vigor as a useful tool for sustainable agriculture.
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Chambers, Jane M., and Arthur J. McComb. "Establishing Wetland Plants in Artificial Systems." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0162.
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Emergent macrophytes selected for growth in artificial systems should be robust in habit, have a high biomass throughout the year, and be readily available in the local area. In south-western Australia potentially useful species fall either into the class of “sprouters”, which are readily established by rhizome transplants but not by seed; and ‘seeders ’, which can be readily established from seed but not rhizome transplants. Seeder species occur in large populations after disturbance of natural systems; sprouter species are often more desirable in the long term, but sufficient source material can be difficult to obtain. Of nine species established in containers and then subjected to a range of water depths from 1 metre below to 0.75 metres above the sediment surface, best growth was obtained when mean water level coincided with the sediment surface. This was consistent with field observations on plantings at different mean elevations. In microsystems in plastic containers, at the same nutrient load, plant growth was reduced at slow flow rates when sediments became anaerobic.
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Krzyzanowski, Francisco Carlos, Sherlie Hill West, and José de Barros França Neto. "Drying soybean seed using air ambient temperature at low relative humidity." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 28, no. 2 (2006): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222006000200010.
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Under subtropical and tropical environments soybean seed (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) are harvested early to avoid deterioration from weathering. Careful after-harvest drying is required and is an important step in maintaining the physiological quality of the seed. Soybean seed should be harvested when the moisture content is in a range of 16-20%. Traditional drying utilizes a high temperature air stream passed through the seed mass without dehumidification. The drying time is long because the system is inefficient and the high temperature increases the risk of thermal damage to the seed. New technology identified as heat pipe technology (HPT) is available and has the unique feature of removing the moisture from the air stream before it is passed through the seed mass at the same environmental temperature. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of HPT for dry soybean seed. In the first study the seeds were dried from 17.5 to 11.1% in 2 hours and 29 minutes and in the second sudy the seeds were dried from 22.6 to 11.9% in 16 hours and 32 minutes. This drying process caused no reduction in seed quality as measured by the standard germination, tetrazolium-viability, accelerated aging and seedling vigor classification tests. The only parameter that indicated a slight seed quality reduction was tetrazolium vigor in the second study. It was concluded that the HPT system is a promising technology for drying soybean seed when efficiency and maintenance of physiological quality are desired.
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Pradhan, Shreeti, Babu Lal Tiruwa, Bijay R. Subedee, and Bijaya Pant. "Micropropagation of Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) SW., A Medicinal Orchid by Artificial Seeds Technology." Journal of Natural History Museum 28 (December 19, 2015): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v28i0.14166.
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Artificial seed technology is a rapidly growing area of research in plant cell and tissue culture. Application of this technology opens an alternative route for mass scale production, efficient delivery of cloned plantlets and fulfils the increasing demand of local growers. An attempt was made to produce artificial seeds and their subsequent regeneration of a highly valuable medicinal orchid of Nepal i.e. Cymbidium aloifolium. Artificial seeds were obtained through encapsulation of protocorms in calcium alginate beads. Protocorms were encapsulated by using 3% sodium alginate and 0.2 M calcium chloride solution. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (1962) was used as the basal medium for in vitro germination and seedling development of artificial seed. In Cymbidium aloifolium, 20-25 days old in vitro grown protocorms were used for production of artificial seeds. Artificial seeds were inoculated on two different culture conditions of MS medium i.e. MS solid & MS liquid with four different treatments i.e. strength of 1.0, ½, ¼ and MS media supplemented with plant growth regulators viz. BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). Highest percentage of germination (100%) and plantlet conversion was found on hormone free full strength (1.0 MS) of MS liquid medium after 13-14 weeks of culture. Plantlets regenerated from artificial seeds with well developed shoot and root systems were successfully acclimatized in potting mixture of cocopeat, litter and sphagnum moss in a ratio 2:1:1.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 42-48
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Niu, Xiang Jie, and Bin Lan. "The Agricultural Products Deterioration Recognition Based on Computer Vision." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2027.
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The computer vision technology is an important branch of computer science and artificial intelligence which is regarded as a non-destructive testing technique in the field of agriculture with a broad application prospects. This paper introduces the application of the computer vision technology in the agricultural products deterioration recognition, builds foundations for the accurate measurement of the agricultural products quality with computer visions, and establish the relationship between the feature information and quality of the agricultural products. Meanwhile, this paper combined the computer vision technology with infrared, microwave, NMR techniques to extract and test the visual information of the internal quality of the agricultural products.
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Waluyo, N., A. Rahayu, R. Rosliani, T. Wikan, and R. Gaswanto. "Evaluation of effectiveness various seed processing combination technique to produce True Shallot Seed (TSS) with good quality." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 883, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012058.
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Abstract The seed processing technique is essential to maintain quality and suppress seed deterioration rate as long as processing time. This research aims to evaluate various seed processing combination techniques to produce TSS with good quality. The study was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal) from March until December 2018. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment consisted of 12 combinations of seed processing, including the technique of drying, capsule breaking, and sorting. The research result showed that the best treatment was a combination technique with umbels drying in the room at RH 50 % and 30-35°C for 72 hours, breaking capsule by hand manually, and seed sorting by winnower followed by hand manually. The produced seed quality in this treatment showed the seed germination was 75%, the moisture content was 7.5%, and the physical purity was 99.9%. This research implies that the availability of TSS processing technology can be carried out by massal, but still can produce good seed quality.
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Lee, Jae Ho, Hong Guan, Yew Chaye Loo, Michael Blumenstein, and Xin Ping Wang. "Modelling Long-Term Bridge Deterioration at Structural Member Level Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.444.
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Efficient use of public funds for structural integrity of bridge networks requires an effective bridge asset management technology. To achieve this, a reliable deterioration model is essential in any Bridge Management System (BMS). The deterioration rate is calculated based on historical condition ratings obtained from the structural element-level bridge inspections. Although most bridge authorities have previously conducted inspection and maintenance tasks, these past inspection records are incompatible with what are required by a typical BMS as input. Such incompatibility is a major cause for the deficiency of the current BMS outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based bridge deterioration model has recently been developed to minimise uncertainties in predicting deterioration of structural bridge members (e.g. beams, piers etc). This model contains two components: (1) using Neural Network-based Backward Prediction Model (BPM) to generate unavailable historical condition ratings; and (2) using Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) to perform long-term performance prediction of bridge structural members. However new problems have emerged in the process of TDNN prediction. This is because the BPM-generated condition ratings are used together with the actual condition ratings. The incompatibility between the two sets of data produces unreliable prediction outcomes during the TDNN process. This research is thus to develop a new process based on the existing method, thereby overcoming the abovementioned problems. To achieve this, the actual overall condition ratings are replaced by the BPM forward predicted condition ratings. Consequently, the outcome of this study can improve accuracy of long-term bridge deterioration prediction.
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Kumar, Piyush, Meena, Nelofar Tanveer, Shaily Dhiman, Sonam Rajput, Meetu Rajput, Yatender Rajput, and Neeraj Pandey. "A Review on Seed Storage Technology: Recent Trends and Advances in Sustainable Techniques for Global Food Security." AgroEnvironmental Sustainability 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.59983/s2024020105.
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Seed storage innovation assumes an essential part in guaranteeing worldwide food security by safeguarding genetic variety and preserving seed feasibility over time. This review article gives a complete outline of ongoing patterns and advances in supportable seed stockpiling strategies. Starting with an investigation of the significance of seed storage about food security challenges, the audit digs into conventional seed storing strategies and their obstacles. Additionally review also provides a comprehensive analysis of maintainable methodologies like controlled air capacity, cryopreservation, and seed preparing, featuring their adequacy in dragging out seed suitability while diminishing energy utilization and natural effect. Moreover, the review discusses the incorporation of digital technologies, for example, artificial intelligence and blockchain, in seed storage management to enhance the traceability and convenience of seed collections. Additionally, the role of community-based seed banks and participatory plant breeding in promoting seed resilience against climate change is explored. By discussing current research findings and practical applications, this review aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners about the diverse range of sustainable seed storage solutions available to safeguard global agricultural biodiversity and ensure food security in the face of evolving ecological challenges.
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Fatokun, Kayode, Richard P. Beckett, Boby Varghese, and Norman W. Pammenter. "Cathodic Water Enhances Seedling Emergence and Growth of Controlled Deteriorated Orthodox Seeds." Plants 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061170.
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All orthodox seeds eventually deteriorate during storage, a well-known problem in seed banking. Here we used a greenhouse study to test if priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water can improve the emergence and subsequent seedling growth of three South African tree species, Bolusanthus speciosus, Combretum erythrophyllum and Erythrina caffra. Other priming solutions investigated were calcium magnesium (CaMg) solution and deionized water. In the present study, seeds were subjected to an artificial deterioration by increasing their water content to 14% and keeping them at 40 °C and 100% RH until they had lost 50% of their germination under laboratory conditions. Fresh and deteriorated seeds were primed with cathodic water, CaMg solution and deionized water, with non-primed fresh and deteriorated seeds as controls. Controlled deterioration significantly reduced total emergence and the biomass and photosynthetic parameters of the resulting seedlings. In one species (Bolusanthus speciosus), priming the deteriorated seeds with cathodic water significantly improved emergence parameters. However, in all species cathodic water significantly improved the total biomasses and other growth parameters of the seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds. Priming with CaMg solution and deionized water had little effect on emergence and while improving the growth of seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds, they were less effective than cathodic water. In fresh seeds, priming with all solutions resulted in small improvements in some parameters. Controlled deterioration of fresh seeds reduced the membrane stability index (MSI) in two of the three species and in all species increased the levels of the lipid oxidation products MDA and 4-HNE. Priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water increased the MSI and reduced the MDA contents in all species and the 4-HNE content in one species. Other priming solutions were generally less effective in ameliorating oxidative stress. Results suggest that the strong antioxidative properties of cathodic water can explain its ability to ameliorate deterioration. In conclusion, the present study shows that priming with cathodic water is an effective way of invigorating deteriorated orthodox seeds and that it may have considerable potential in orthodox seed conservation.
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Fei, Hong, and Zifu Hu. "Corrosion Detection of Structural Reinforcement Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2152, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2152/1/012041.
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Abstract Due to the environmental degradation caused by soil erosion, it is of great significance to establish the relationship model between geological environmental factors and piping erosion. The method to determine the prone area of pipeline corrosion is limited. This paper introduces the mechanism of reinforcement corrosion, points out the non-destructive detection methods of common steel corrosion, and puts forward the measures to prevent and maintain the corrosion of reinforcement from the aspects of design, construction and material selection, so as to prolong the service life of concrete structure. Abrasion, capitation and chemical attack in concrete hydraulic structures can lead to deterioration of spillways, stilling basins, chutes, slabs and transverse joints, concrete blocks under sluices and any irregular surfaces affected by high flow rates. There are numerous coatings on the market that can be used to repair damaged surfaces. However, the basic data provided by the manufacturer is very limited, and if so, it is usually limited to room temperature values. The results show that the data of concrete, corrosion solution and chloride ion are 0.534, 0.673 and 0.384 respectively.
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R, UMARANI, and VANANGAMUDI K. "Pre-storage treatments to improve viability in Casuarina equisetifolia seeds." Madras Agricultural Journal 92, september (2005): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01347.
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Casuraina equisetifolia is an important plantation tree which is propagated through seed. Seeds loose their initial viability of 40-50% rapidly and reach 5% at the end of one year. Keeping these in view, an attempt was made to develop a technology to slow down the speed of seed deterioration using chemicals and botanicals viz., neem (Azadirachta indica), turmeric (Curcuma longa), acorus (Acorus calamus), arappu (Albizzia amara), acetyl salicylic acid and halogenation. Evaluations were made at bimonthly intervals on physiological potential and enzyme activity of seeds viz., amylase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The results indicated that neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder and acetyl salicilic acid is capable of sustaining the activity of the enzymes during the storage period which can inturn maintain the seed germination potential and seedling vigour as well.
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Bomantara, Yanuar A., Hasib Mustafa, Harm Bartholomeus, and Lammert Kooistra. "Detection of Artificial Seed-like Objects from UAV Imagery." Remote Sensing 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2023): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061637.
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In the last two decades, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has been widely utilized as an aerial survey method. Recently, a unique system of self-deployable and biodegradable microrobots akin to winged achene seeds was introduced to monitor environmental parameters in the air above the soil interface, which requires geo-localization. This research focuses on detecting these artificial seed-like objects from UAV RGB images in real-time scenarios, employing the object detection algorithm YOLO (You Only Look Once). Three environmental parameters, namely, daylight condition, background type, and flying altitude, were investigated to encompass varying data acquisition situations and their influence on detection accuracy. Artificial seeds were detected using four variants of the YOLO version 5 (YOLOv5) algorithm, which were compared in terms of accuracy and speed. The most accurate model variant was used in combination with slice-aided hyper inference (SAHI) on full resolution images to evaluate the model’s performance. It was found that the YOLOv5n variant had the highest accuracy and fastest inference speed. After model training, the best conditions for detecting artificial seed-like objects were found at a flight altitude of 4 m, on an overcast day, and against a concrete background, obtaining accuracies of 0.91, 0.90, and 0.99, respectively. YOLOv5n outperformed the other models by achieving a mAP0.5 score of 84.6% on the validation set and 83.2% on the test set. This study can be used as a baseline for detecting seed-like objects under the tested conditions in future studies.
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Abdelkader, Eslam Mohammed, Abobakr Al-Sakkaf, Nehal Elshaboury, and Ghasan Alfalah. "Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization-Based Gaussian Process Regression Model for Simulating Deterioration Behavior of Highway Tunnel Components." Processes 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010036.
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Highway tunnels are one of the paramount infrastructure systems that affect the welfare of communities. They are vulnerable to higher limits of deterioration, yet there are limited available funds for maintenance and rehabilitation. This state of circumstances entails the development of a deterioration model to forecast the performance condition behavior of critical tunnel elements. Accordingly, this research paper proposes an integrated deterioration prediction model for five highway tunnel elements, namely, cast-in-place tunnel liners, concrete interior walls, concrete portal, concrete ceiling slab, and concrete slab on grade. The developed deterioration model is envisioned in two fundamental components, which are model calibration and model assessment. In the first component, an integrated model of Gaussian process regression and a grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO-GPR) is introduced for deterioration behavior prediction of highway tunnel elements. In this regard, the grey wolf optimizer is exploited to improve the prediction accuracies of the Gaussian process through optimal estimation of its hyper parameters and to automatically interpret the significant deterioration factors. The second component involves three tiers of performance evaluation comparison, statistical significance comparisons, and consolidated ranking to assess the prediction accuracies of the developed GWO-GPR model. In this regard, the developed model is validated against six widely acknowledged machine learning models, which are back-propagation artificial neural network, Elman neural network, cascade forward neural network, generalized regression neural network, support vector machines, and regression tree. Results demonstrate that the developed GWO-GPR model significantly outperformed other deterioration prediction models in the five tunnel elements. In cast-in-place tunnel liners it accomplished a mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute error, root mean square percentage error, root relative squared error, and relative absolute error of 1.65%, 0.018, 0.21%, 0.018, and 0.147, respectively. In this context, it was inferred that the developed GWO-GPR model managed to reduce the prediction errors of the back-propagation artificial neural network, Elman neural network, and support vector machines by 84.71%, 76.91%, and 69.6%, respectively. It can be concluded that the developed deterioration model can assist transportation agencies in creating timely and cost-efficient maintenance schedules of highway tunnels.
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Kenanoglu, Burcu Begüm, Ibrahim Demir, and Henk Jalink. "Chlorophyll Fluorescence Sorting Method to Improve Quality of Capsicum Pepper Seed Lots Produced from Different Maturity Fruits." HortScience 48, no. 8 (August 2013): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.8.965.
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This work was conducted to investigate the efficacy of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) sorting to improve seed germination, seedling emergence, and vigor of seeds produced from different maturity fruits of four different cultivars. Four harvest dates from each cultivar were evaluated by harvesting orange (immature), bright red (half-mature), dark red (mature), and dark red and soft (overmature) fruits. Seeds were either sorted or nonsorted after harvesting and standard laboratory germination, seedling emergence, and controlled deterioration tests were conducted. CF sorting significantly increased laboratory germination, seedling emergence, and seed vigor. Maximum improvements were obtained from seeds harvested from half-mature and mature stages. Mean germination improvement among cultivars between CF-sorted and nonsorted seeds were 14% in the immature seeds, 11% in half-mature seeds, 6% in mature seeds, and 9% in overmature seeds. Improvements in seedling emergence were 21%, 17%, 9%, and 10% and 4%, 11%, 10%, 14% for seed vigor (CD germination) in the all maturity stages of seed lots, respectively. CF has the potential to upgrade seed quality in pepper lots as a non-destructive sorting technology.
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Shafrai, Anton V., Larisa V. Permyakova, Dmitriy M. Borodulin, and Irina Y. Sergeeva. "Modeling the Physiological Parameters of Brewer’s Yeast during Storage with Natural Zeolite-Containing Tuffs Using Artificial Neural Networks." Information 13, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13110529.
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Various methods are used to prevent the deterioration of the biotechnological properties of brewer’s yeast during storage. This paper studied the use of artificial neural networks for the mathematical modeling of correcting the biosynthetic activity of brewer’s seed yeast of the C34 race during storage with natural minerals. The input parameters for the artificial neural networks were the suspending medium (water, beer wort, or young beer); the type of the zeolite-containing tuff from Siberian deposits; the tuff content (0.5–4% of the total volume of the suspension); and the duration of storage (3 days). The output parameters were the number of yeast cells with glycogen, budding cells, and dead cells. In the yeast stored with tuffs, the number of budding cells increased by 1.2–2.5 times, and the number of cells with glycogen increased by 9–190% compared to the control sample (without tuff). The presence of kholinskiy zeolite and shivyrtuin tuffs resulted in a significant effect. The artificial neural networks were required for solving the regression tasks and predicting the output parameters based on the input parameters. Four networks were created: ANN1 (mean relative error = 4.869%) modeled the values of all the output parameters; ANN2 (MRE = 1.8381%) modeled the number of cells with glycogen; ANN3 (MRE = 6.2905%) modeled the number of budding cells; and ANN4 (MRE = 4.2191%) modeled the number of dead cells. The optimal parameters for yeast storage were then determined. As a result, the possibility of using ANNs for mathematical modeling of undesired deviations in the physiological parameters of brewer’s seed yeast during storage with natural minerals was proven.
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Mello, Juliana Iura de Oliveira, Rita de Cássia Leone Figueiredo-Ribeiro, and Claudio José Barbedo. "Sub-zero temperature enables storage of seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 4 (2013): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000400014.
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Seeds of brazilwood usually have their germinability quickly reduced if stored under natural conditions. Low temperatures, mainly sub-zero, can extend this viability for at least two years. However, there is no information about the germination behavior of these seeds for longer periods, aiming at the germoplasm bank formation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of brazilwood seeds during five-year storage period at 2, 8 and -18 °C. Before storage, seeds were subjected to artificial drying (50 °C) until the moisture content reached 10%. The germination and the normal seedling development of seeds maintained at low temperatures did not differ from other treatment during the first year of storage. However, after two years only seeds stored at -18 °C kept high germination percentage. Seeds stored for five years at -18 °C showed high values of germination and normal seedling development; however, after this period it was possible to identify some symptoms of seed deterioration. Storage at sub-zero temperatures is considered as an important initiative to maintain Caesalpinia echinata seed banks, contributing to the conservation of plant biodiversity.
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SINGH, PRADEEP, V. S. MOR, ANURAG MALIK, HIMANI PUNIA, and AXAY BHUKER. "Biochemical responses to natural and accelerated ageing on seed quality in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 7 (September 6, 2021): 882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i7.113603.
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Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] is an important oilseed crop of many tropical and subtropicalcountries of the world. The present study was carried out at research farm of Department of Seed Scienceand Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter (rabi) season 2017–18 and 2018–19.The objective of present study was to evaluate the effect of natural and accelerated aging on biochemical constitutes in 3 Indian mustard varieties, viz. RH-30, RH-9304 and RH-0406 with three seed lots (fresh seed, 1-year old seed, 2-year-old seed). Naturally aged seed lots of variety RH-30 was found to meet out Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standard after 1-year under ambient condition. Tetrazolium test indicated that the viability of Indian mustard seeds decreased after increasing the ageing duration. Maximum seed viability recorded in the variety RH-30 and minimum was recorded in variety RH-0406. Activities of all the enzymes, viz. superoxide dismutase, dehydrogenase and peroxidase significantly decreased with natural ageing; RH-30 was found to be a good storer variety. The maximum performance for standard germination and enzymes activity was observed in fresh seed lots. Results showed that among different Indian mustard varieties, RH-30 and RH-9304 were found best responsive with minimal seed deterioration effects, and better germination and seedling establishment potential.
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Agarwala, NItin. "Managing Marine Environmental Pollution using Artificial Intelligence." Maritime Technology and Research 3, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.248053.
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The marine environment has deteriorated to an extent that it has begun to impact human health and the planet itself. The primary cause of this deterioration as identified are, an increasing population, the industrial revolution and the increased use of fossil fuels. While the damage done to the environment cannot be undone, the impact can be lessened by better understanding the ocean and monitoring future pollution using technology. Such an effort will help achieve sustainability as laid out by the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 of the United Nations. The article aims to provide an insight into one such technology, namely ‘Artificial Intelligence (AI)’, being developed to understand and monitor the marine pollution. In doing so the article will discuss the emerging opportunities and risks associated with the use of AI in managing marine environmental pollution through sustainability. To strengthen the argument, use-cases of AI in the marine environment and their scalability are discussed.
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OGBURIA, M. N., and K. OKELE. "HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) AFTER NATURAL AND ARTIFICIALPOLLINATION IN A HUMID AGROECOLOGICAL ZONE." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.49.2001.4.7.
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An effective pollination system is an important pre-requisite for successful hybridization in any breeding programme. A field experiment was conducted between March 1998 and March 1999 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt in a humid agroecological zone of Nigeria, to evaluate ten selected cassava clones for hybrid seed production efficiency after natural and artificial pollination. The time to 50% flowering and the number of pistillate and staminate flowers showed significant variation (P=0.05) in the study. More staminate than pistillate flowers were produced in all clones, at a ratio of 8:1= staminate: pistillate per clone. Hybrid seed production was significantly different (P=0.05) in the ten selected clones of cassava after natural and artificial pollination. Natural pollination was more effective as regards the rate of seed set (26.9 seeds on 0.056 ha-1, equivalent to 480.9 seeds ha-1) than artificial pollination, which produced 8.8 seeds on 0.056 ha-1 or a calculated equivalent of 156.3 seed ha-1. For optimal hybrid seed production, natural pollination using male sterile females and desirable male fecund parents, well arranged in the field to encourage effective natural cross-pollination, either by wind or insects, is suggested for increased hybrid seed production in a cassava breeding programme in a humid ecological zone of Nigeria.
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TRIVEDI, VRUSHANK, KALYAN RAO, N. SASIDHARAN, and D. A. PATEL. "Influence on seed quality parameters under different temperature and artificial ageing treatment in cumin (Cuminum cyminum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i1.79637.
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The experiment was conducted in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, B A College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to know the influence on seed quality parameters under different temperature and artificial ageing treatment in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Two varieties were tested for seed quality, viz. Gujarat Cumin 1 (GC 1) and Gujarat Cumin 4 (GC 4). The laboratory experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (factorial concept) with four temperature treatments (10oC, 15oC, 20oC and 25oC) and three repetitions. The artificial ageing experiment consisted of three ageing treatments (0 day, 3 days and 5 days) with four repetitions. The experiment results revealed that, the different temperature regimes showed significant effect on seed germination and other quality parameters in cumin genotypes. The GC-1 interacting with 20oC was higher for different quality parameters like first count (45.66%), final count (94%), seedling length (9.33 cm), seedling fresh weight (219.66 mg), seedling dry weight (10.76 mg), seedling vigour index I (877) and seedling vigour index II (93). In seed ageing experiment, the different days of artificial ageing also showed significant effect on the seed viability and longevity. GC-1 recorded higher germination (55.50%), seedling length (3.45 cm), seedling dry weight (27.57 mg), vigour index –I (192) and vigour index –II (1539) as compared to GC-4 at the end of five days ageing period.
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McKersie, B. D., T. Senaratna, S. R. Bowley, D. C. W. Brown, J. E. Krochko, and J. D. Bewley. "Application of artificial seed technology in the production of hybrid alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology 25, no. 12 (December 1989): 1183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02621272.
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Piotrowska, Anna. "Analysis of the Influence of the Application of Effective Microorganisms on the Dynamics of Spring Wheat Emergence." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.048.
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Deterioration of the natural environment as a result of violation of its natural structures and self-regulatory mechanisms causes an urgent need to replace chemicals with effective and multidirectional biopreparations. Reduction of the amount of chemicals used in agriculture becomes possible through the use of Effective Microorganisms. This will reduce the burden on the environment. Agriculture that uses EM technology can count on help with germination rates; emergence uniformity; and crop yields, for example. EM formulations contain a mixture of different coexisting microorganisms. The following paper presents the results of own research on the use of Effective Microorganisms in seed dressing of spring wheat. It was shown that the microbial preparation EM Naturally Active affects the increase of wheat seed germination dynamics.
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Banu, LA, M. Harun Or Rashid, and MA Bari Miah. "Development of artificial seed and preservation in Mimosa pudica L., an important medicinal plant in Bangladesh." Journal of Bio-Science 22 (October 21, 2016): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v22i0.30013.
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Context: Mimosa pudica L. is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family- Mimosaceae has becoming a rare species in Bangladesh. The application of artificial seed technology using encapsulated shoot tips and nodal segments may contribute to the protection of rare and threatened medicinal plant like Mimosa pudica L.Objective: Synthetic seed technology has been developed for Mimosa pudica L. in order to develop an alternative protocol on propagation and conservation.Materials and Methods: For this purpose shoot tip and nodal segments obtained from in vitro grown plants were encapsulated with sodium alginate solution followed by subsequent immersion in CaCl2 solution. Different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were used and explants were treated in alginate bead to investigate the hormonal effect on artificial seed germination. These encapsulated seeds were cultured either on MS medium with hormone (same growth regulators containing alginate beads) or MS0 (without hormone).Results: Highest shoot regeneration frequency (100%) were recorded when alginate beads were infused by MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA and cultured in MS medium containing same growth regulators. When synthetic seed containing 2.0 mg/l BAP+0.2 mg/l NAA and cultured on MS0 medium, 54% explants produced multifarious root with shoot in both cases. Under different storage period encapsulated seed retained germination capacity even after preserving for 60 days at 4°C.Conclusion: For artificial seed production a suitable protocol established under this study for Mimosa pudica L. that provides an alternative method for micropropagation and its conservation. For long term storage of Mimosa pudica in Bangladesh this protocol would provide promising avenues for the easy transference of propagules and its improvement.J. bio-sci. 22: 89-99, 2014