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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial Sapphires'

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Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Ohshima, Shigetoshi. "Hetero-Epitaxial Growth of YBCO and MgB2 Thin Films on Decorated Substrates with Nano-Wires and Nano-Particles." MRS Proceedings 1454 (2012): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1485.

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ABSTRACTSuperconducting NMR pickup coils have to have a low surface resistance (Rs) under a high magnetic field. One way of reducing the Rs of superconducting thin films is adding artificial pins to the films. We examined the hetero-epitaxial growth of MgB2and YBCO thin films on decorated sapphire and MgO substrates while using nano-wires and nano-particles to add pins to the films.We used ZnO nano-wire to add artificial grain boundary pins to MgB2 films. The tilted c-plane sapphire substrate with nano-step edges was used for these substrates. The terrace width with one lattice step edge can be controlled by changing the tilt angle. AFM images showed that the tilted c-plane sapphire substrate had straight nano-step edges. ZnO nono-wires were decorated on the nano-step edges by MOCVD, and then deposited on MgB2 films by sputtering. The Rs of the films was then measured with a sapphire rod resonator. The Rs of MgB2 thin films fabricated on the tilted c-plane sapphire substrate with ZnO nano-wires was lower than that of MgB2thin films on a conventional sapphire substrate under a high magnetic field.We used BaZrO3(BZO) nano-particles to add the artificial pins to YBCO thin films. The BZO particles on the MgO substrates were fabricated by laser deposition. The size and density of these particles were controlled with a pulse number of laser shot. YBCO thin films were formed on decorated MgO substrate by laser deposition. The Rs of YBCO thin films on the decorated MgO substrate was lower than that of the YBCO films formed on a conventional MgO substrate under a high magnetic field.We clarified that artificial pins in MgB2and YBCO thin films are useful for decreasing the Rs under a high magnetic field.
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2

Ago, Hiroki, Naoki Ishigami, Kenta Imamoto, Tomoko Suzuki, Ken-Ichi Ikeda, Masaharu Tsuji, Tatsuya Ikuta, and Koji Takahashi. "Horizontally-Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Sapphire." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 6165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.sw01.

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Recently, we discovered the horizontally-aligned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on R- and A-plane sapphire substrates, which we call "atomic arrangement-programmed growth (AAP growth)." This is a unique method because the growth direction of SWCNTs is determined by the crystallographic direction of the sapphire surface. In this paper, we report on the characterization of the aligned SWCNTs by polarized Raman and electron transport measurements, and on the effect of the step/terrace structure formed on sapphire surface. These results may open up a possibility of creating the artificial SWCNT network, which can be applied to high-performance electronics.
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3

Loffer, Franklin D. "Fluid cooling of artificial sapphire tips of laser." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 163, no. 2 (August 1990): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(90)91232-2.

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4

Lin, Liujun. "Preliminary Study on Sapphire Color Grading Method Based on Automatic Clustering Algorithm of Color Space Features." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2074, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2074/1/012065.

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Abstract Traditionally, the color grading of sapphire is mainly based on the naked eye judgment of the appraiser. This judgment standard is not clear enough, and the judgment result has a greater subjective influence, which affects the accuracy of the classification. In this study, the GEM-3000 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was selected, and the color features of 180 sapphire samples were extracted and classified using the CIE1976 color space of the device. The Kmeans algorithm was used to cluster analysis of 140 samples, and the separability of the color space features of different color levels was verified, and the center sample of each color level was obtained. The Euclidean distance between the centers of the remaining 40 samples is calculated, and each color grade prediction label is determined, and the sapphire color is automatically classified based on this. The experimental results show that the accuracy of sapphire color classification using the above method is 97.5%, which confirms the effect and accuracy of the artificial intelligence method in sapphire color classification.
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5

Akatsu, T., G. Sasaki, N. Hosoda, and T. Suga. "Microstructure and strength of Al-sapphire interface by means of the surface activated bonding method." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 3 (March 1997): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0124.

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Sapphire (α–Al2O3) and Al were joined by means of the surface activated bonding (SAB) method in an ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature. Tensile tests have shown that failure occurred not along the interface but inside the Al bulk near the interface. High resolution transmission electron microscopy has revealed the formation of a direct interface between Al and sapphire, indicating the possibility to artificially fabricate an atomically direct interface of dissimilar materials at room temperature. However, an intermediate layer was partially observed, which might be attributed to the effect of fast atom beam irradiation of the sapphire surface.
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6

Chen, Ting Yi, Wen Lu, Wei Liu, Ya Dian Xie, and Ye Qi Fu. "Preparation of Purity Al2O3 for LED Sapphire Materials by Ammonium Aluminum Sulfate and its Performance." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.50.

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The preparation of aluminium sulfate adopting the sulfuric acid heating method with Al (OH)3 as raw material, and join the β complexing agent in aluminium sulfate solution to remove impurities; ammonium aluminum sulfat is prepared by the reaction of the ammonium solution and aluminum sulfate, and purify ammonium aluminum sulfate to get high purity ammonium aluminum sulfate crystals containing crystal water. Purify the crystallization of ammonium aluminum sulfate with containing water treated at 1250 °C for 3 h. Then the high purity alumina was prepared. Break the high purity alumina to press, and then again process in 3 h under 1650 °C, get Al203 which is craw materials of sapphire crystal LED. The samples were characterized by atomic absorption spectrum (AAS), differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), scanning electron microscopy, XRD and chemical analysis. The purity of high purity alumina is 99.991%, which will be applied to the LED manufacturers on sapphire artificial sapphire growth test.
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7

Liu, Xue‐Qing, Shuang‐Ning Yang, Lei Yu, Qi‐Dai Chen, Yong‐Lai Zhang, and Hong‐Bo Sun. "Rapid Engraving of Artificial Compound Eyes from Curved Sapphire Substrate." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 18 (March 3, 2019): 1900037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900037.

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8

Barradas, N. P., A. Vieira, and E. Alves. "Artificial neural network analysis of RBS data of Er-implanted sapphire." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 175-177 (April 2001): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00548-6.

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9

Vieira, A., N. P. Barradas, and E. Alves. "Analysis of sapphire implanted with different elements using artificial neural networks." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 190, no. 1-4 (May 2002): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01294-0.

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10

Bhuvaneshwar, G. S., C. V. Muraleedharan, G. A. V. Lal, A. V. Ramani, and M. S. Valiathan. "Synthetic Sapphire as an Artificial Heart Valve Occluder—Promise and Problems." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 50, no. 4 (January 1991): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.1991.10804498.

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11

Bhatt, Apoorv Naresh, Anubhab Majumder, and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "Analyzing the modes of reasoning in design using the SAPPhIRE model of causality and the Extended Integrated Model of Designing." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 35, no. 4 (November 2021): 384–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060421000214.

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AbstractLiterature suggests that people typically understand knowledge by induction and produce knowledge by synthesis. This paper revisits the various modes of reasoning – explanatory abduction, innovative abduction, deduction, and induction – that have been proposed by earlier researchers as crucial modes of reasoning underlying the design process. First, our paper expands earlier work on abductive reasoning – an essential mode of reasoning involved in the process of synthesis – by understanding its role with the help of the “SAPPhIRE” model of causality. The explanations of abductive reasoning in design using the SAPPhIRE model have been compared with those using existing models. Second, the paper captures and analyzes various modes of reasoning during design synthesis with the help of the “Extended Integrated Model of Designing”. The analysis of participants' verbal speech and outcomes shows the model's ability to explain the various modes of reasoning that occur in design. The results indicate the above models to provide a more extensive account of reasoning in design synthesis. Earlier empirical validation of both the models lends further support to the claim of their explanatory capacity.
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12

Akaiwa, Kazuaki, Norihiro Suzuki, Kentaro Kaneko, and Shizuo Fujita. "Fabrication of Corundum-Structured α-(InFe)2O3 Alloy Films on Sapphire Substrates by Inserting α-Fe2O3 Buffer Layer." MRS Proceedings 1494 (2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.125.

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ABSTRACTWe successfully fabricated corundum-structured α-(InFe)2O3 alloy films on sapphire substrates by inserting α-Fe2O3 buffer layers. The ion compositions in the α-(In1-xFex)2O3 films, x, were artificially tuned for the entire range from 0 to 1 by changing the ion precursor composition in source solution. Magnetic measurements revealed that the α-(In1-xFex)2O3 (x = 0.13) alloy film showed ferromagnetism at 5 K.
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13

Mehta, Atul C., Douglas R. Livingston, and Joseph A. Golish. "Artificial Sapphire Contact Endoprobe with Nd-YAG Laser in the Treatment of Subglottic Stenosis." Chest 91, no. 3 (March 1987): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.91.3.473b.

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14

ZUMWALT, THERESA, TERRENCE WESSELER, and STEPHEN N. JOFFE. "A Comparison of Artificial Sapphire Tip With the Quartz Tip: In In Vitro Endometrial Ablation." Journal of Gynecologic Surgery 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gyn.1986.2.47.

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15

Sweetland, H. M., A. Wyman, and K. Rogers. "Evaluation of the effect on normal liver of interstitial laser hyperthermia using artificial sapphire probes." Lasers In Medical Science 8, no. 2 (June 1993): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02547805.

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16

Pimentel, Roberta Ferreira, Roberto Sotto Maior Fortes de Oliveira, Maria das Graças Afonso Miranda Chaves, Carlos Nelson Elias, and Marco Abdo Gravina. "Evaluation of the friction force generated by monocristalyne and policristalyne ceramic brackets in sliding mechanics." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 1 (February 2013): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000100023.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare "in vitro" the maximum friction force generated by three types of esthetic brackets, two types of polycrystalline conventional ceramic brackets (20/40 and InVu) and one type of sapphire monocrystalline bracket (Radiance) in dry and artificial saliva wet settings. Also, to evaluate the influence exerted by artificial saliva on the friction forces of those brackets. METHODS: Tests were performed in dry and artificial saliva wet setting (Oral Balance) by using an EMIC DL 10000 testing machine, simulating a 2 mm slide of 0.019 x 0.025-in rectangular stainless steel wires over the pre-angulated and pre-torqued (right superior canine, Roth prescription, slot 0.022 x 0.030-in) brackets (n = 18 for each bracket). In order to compare groups in dry and wet settings, the ANOVA was used. For comparisons related to the dry versus wet setting, the student t test was used for each group. RESULTS: The results showed that in the absence of saliva the Radiance monocrystalline brackets showed the highest friction coefficients, followed by the 20/40 and the InVu polycrystalline brackets. In tests with artificial saliva, the Radiance and the 20/40 brackets had statistically similar friction coefficients and both were greater than that presented by the InVu brackets. The artificial saliva did not change the maximum friction force of the Radiance brackets, but, for the others (20/40 and InVu), an increase of friction was observed in its presence. CONCLUSION: The InVu brackets showed, in the absence and in the presence of saliva, the lowest friction coefficient.
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17

Zhang, Ranran, Qiuling Zhao, Xia Wang, Kai Ming Lau, Tsz Kit Yung, Jensen Li, and Wing Yim Tam. "Controlling asymmetric transmission phase in planar chiral metasurfaces." Nanophotonics 11, no. 3 (December 22, 2021): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0558.

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Abstract Metasurfaces with ultrathin artificial structures have attracted much attention because of their unprecedented capability in light manipulations. The recent development of metasurfaces with controllable responses opens up new opportunities in various applications. Moreover, metasurfaces composed of twisted chiral structures can generate asymmetric responses for opposite incidence, leading to more degrees of freedom in wave detections and controls. However, most past studies had focused on the amplitude responses, not to mention using bi-directional phase responses, in the characterization and light manipulation of chiral metasurfaces. Here, we report a birefringent interference approach to achieve a controllable asymmetric bi-directional transmission phase from planar chiral metasurface by tuning the orientation of the metasurface with respect to the optical axis of an add-on birefringent substrate. To demonstrate our approach, we fabricate planar Au sawtooth nanoarray metasurface and measure the asymmetric transmission phase of the metasurface placed on a birefringent sapphire crystal slab. The Au sawtooth metasurface-sapphire system exhibits large oscillatory behavior for the asymmetric transmission phase with the tuning parameter. We confirm our experimental results by Jones matrix calculations using data obtained from full-wave simulations for the metasurface. Our approach in the characterization and light manipulation of metasurfaces with controllable responses is simple and nondestructive, enabling new functionalities and potential applications in optical communication, imaging, and remote sensing.
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18

Halama, Radim, Jiří Podešva, Ryosuke Suzuki, Masaaki Matsubara, and Rostislav Čech. "Mechanics of Herbert Pendulum Hardness Tester and its Application." Key Engineering Materials 741 (June 2017): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.741.122.

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The knowledge of classical mechanics gives deeper insight into the Herbert hardness tester applicability for material testing. Elastic materials with low friction presence between contact surfaces are supposed to be investigated in this study. Firstly the dynamics approach is used to obtain simplified solution of swing angle. Then a new solution of the problem is gained by means of an energy approach. Slight decrease of the swing angle is predicted by the new solution as also shown in experiments. After comparison of both solutions a new formulae useful for evaluation of rolling resistance coefficient is applied for measurements performed on some metallic materials and artificial sapphire. Rolling resistance coefficients obtained by the way are always less than maximal estimated value.
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19

Muntean, Alexandrina, Anca Stefania Mesaros, Anca Porumb, Stanca Cuc, Marioara Moldovan, and Adriana Balan. "Enamel Apperance after Orthodontic Attachment Removal. In vitro SEM analysis." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.1.5403.

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The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the enamel surface appearance and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) after braces removal. On teeth vestibular surfaces 90 braces were bonded as follows: metallic, ceramics respectively sapphire using as bonding material Opal Seal� (Ultradent, SUA). Teeth were divided in 3 groups (N=30) and stored for 3 months in artificial saliva, tea and Coca-Cola�. For teeth stored in tea and Coca Cola�, ARI express lower values, indicating a risk for enamel injury as fracture occurs at adhesive-enamel interface. From practical point of view, this in vitro study enhance that braces detachment, finishing and polishing are risk manoeuvres for enamel surface. Materials used for collage must present specific properties in order to reduce enamel fracture.
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20

REID, PETER CAMERON, and FRANK SHARP. "Artificial Sapphire Contact Probes in Nd:YAG Endometrial Ablation: A Quantitative In Vitro and In Vivo Study." Journal of Gynecologic Surgery 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gyn.1992.8.31.

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21

Srinivasan, V., and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "Investigating novelty–outcome relationships in engineering design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006041000003x.

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AbstractDesign creativity involves developing novel and useful solutions to design problems. The research in this article is an attempt to understand how novelty of a design resulting from a design process is related to the kind of outcomes, described here as constructs, involved in the design process. A model of causality, the SAPPhIRE model, is used as the basis of the analysis. The analysis is based on previous research that shows that designing involves development and exploration of the seven basic constructs of the SAPPhIRE model that constitute the causal connection between the various levels of abstraction at which a design can be described. The constructs are state change, action, parts, phenomenon, input, organs, and effect. The following two questions are asked. Is there a relationship between novelty and the constructs? If there is a relationship, what is the degree of this relationship? A hypothesis is developed to answer the questions: an increase in the number and variety of ideas explored while designing should enhance the variety of concept space, leading to an increase in the novelty of the concept space. Eight existing observational studies of designing sessions are used to empirically validate the hypothesis. Each designing session involves an individual designer, experienced or novice, solving a design problem by producing concepts and following a think-aloud protocol. The results indicate dependence of novelty of concept space on variety of concept space and dependence of variety of concept space on variety of idea space, thereby validating the hypothesis. The results also reveal a strong correlation between novelty and the constructs; correlation value decreases as the abstraction level of the constructs reduces, signifying the importance of using constructs at higher abstraction levels for enhancing novelty.
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22

Haggish, Michael S., and James F. Daniell. "Death caused by air embolism associated with neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser surgery and artificial sapphire tips." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 161, no. 4 (October 1989): 877–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(89)90740-0.

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23

Nicoletti, S., and J. C. Villegier. "Artificially generated bi-epitaxial YBCO grain boundary junctions on SrTiO/sub 3/ and sapphire substrates." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 7, no. 2 (June 1997): 1399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.620832.

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24

Добрица, Д. Б., А. А. Поляков, С. А. Чалов, and E. В. Леун. "On the question of the choice of structural materials for the creation of multifunctional inertial penetrators." Вестник НПО им. С.А. Лавочкина, no. 4(62) (November 24, 2023): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26162/ls.2023.62.4.011.

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В статье рассматриваются особенности создания ударно внедряющихся в исследуемые небесные тела (ИНТ) разделяющихся инерционных пенетраторов с головной частью, в боковую и/или тыльную стенки корпуса которой вводятся неудаляемая и/или удаляемая защитные перегородки из различных конструкционных материалов. Обсуждаются особенности применения искусственного сапфира и упрочненного льдокомпозита, возможности обеспечения визуального и прямого контакта с подповерхностной средой ИНТ для видеорегистрации динамики ударного проникания пенетратора в него и проведения специализированных исследований The article discusses the features of the creation of separable inertial penetrators that percussively penetrate into the studied celestial bodies (SСB) with a head part, into the side and/or back walls of the body of which non-removable and/or removable protective partitions made of various structural materials are introduced. The features of the use of artificial sapphire and hardened ice composite, the possibility of providing visual and direct contact with the subsurface medium of the SСB for video recording of the dynamics of impact penetration of the penetrator into it and conducting specialized studies are discussed
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25

Farrow, R. F. C., G. R. Harp, R. F. Marks, T. A. Rabedeau, M. F. Toney, D. Weller, and S. S. P. Parkin. "Epitaxial growth of Pt on basal-plane sapphire: a seed film for artificially layered magnetic metal structures." Journal of Crystal Growth 133, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(93)90102-3.

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26

Chakrabarti, Amaresh, V. Srinivasan, B. S. C. Ranjan, and Udo Lindemann. "A case for multiple views of function in design based on a common definition." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 27, no. 3 (July 24, 2013): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060413000279.

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AbstractFunctions are important in designing. However, several issues hinder progress with the understanding and usage of functions: lack of a clear and overarching definition of function, lack of overall justifications for the inevitability of the multiple views of function, and scarcity of systematic attempts to relate these views with one another. To help resolve these, the objectives of this research are to propose a common definition of function that underlies the multiple views in literature and to identify and validate the views of function that are logically justified to be present in designing. Function is defined as a change intended by designers between two scenarios: before and after the introduction of the design. A framework is proposed that comprises the above definition of function and an empirically validated model of designing, extended generate, evaluate, modify, and select of state-change, and an action, part, phenomenon, input, organ, and effect model of causality (Known as GEMS of SAPPhIRE), comprising the views of activity, outcome, requirement–solution–information, and system–environment. The framework is used to identify the logically possible views of function in the context of designing and is validated by comparing these with the views of function in the literature. Describing the different views of function using the proposed framework should enable comparisons and determine relationships among the various views, leading to better understanding and usage of functions in designing.
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27

Mottana, Annibale, Takatoshi Murata, Augusto Marcelli, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Giannantonio Cibin, Ziyu Wu, and Richard Tessadri. "Characterization of Local Chemistry and Disorder in Synthetic and Natural α-Al2O3Materials by X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy." Journal of Applied Crystallography 31, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 890–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898007778.

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X-ray absorption fine spectra at the AlKedge were measured experimentally and calculated theoreticallyviathe multiple-scattering formalism for chemically pure and physically perfect synthetic α-Al2O3(α-alumina), natural ruby/sapphire (corundum) and a series of artificial corundums produced for technical purposes and used as geochemical standards. The AlK-edge spectra differ, despite the identical coordination (short-range arrangement) assumed by O around Al, and vary slightly in relation to the slightly different chemistries of the materials (substitutional defects) as well as on account of the location taken by foreign atoms in the structural lattices (positional defects). A quantitative treatment of the observed changes is made in terms of short-range distortion of the coordination polyhedron and of medium- to long-range modifications in the overall structure, both induced by substitutions. In some technical corundums, the impurities of admixed β-alumina, where Al is both in fourfold and sixfold coordination, produce another small but detectable effect on AlKedges. Therefore, XAFS spectroscopy proves its potential for both measuring a light element such as Al and detecting minor coordination changes and dilute substitutions (∼1–3 wt% as oxide) of the absorber by other atoms, at least under the favourable conditions occurring in this system.
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28

Baggish, Michael S., and James F. Daniell. "Catastrophic injury secondary to the use of coaxial gas-cooled fibers and artificial sapphire tips for intrauterine surgery: A report of five cases." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 9, no. 6 (1989): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1900090607.

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29

Khalfallah, Ali, Amine Khalfallah, and Zohra Benzarti. "Identification of Elastoplastic Constitutive Model of GaN Thin Films Using Instrumented Nanoindentation and Machine Learning Technique." Coatings 14, no. 6 (May 31, 2024): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14060683.

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This study presents a novel inverse identification approach to determine the elastoplastic parameters of a 2 µm thick GaN semiconductor thin film deposited on a sapphire substrate. This approach combines instrumented nanoindentation with finite element (FE) simulations and an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Experimental load–depth curves were obtained using a Berkovich indenter. To generate a comprehensive database for the inverse analysis, FE models were constructed to simulate load–depth responses across a wide range of GaN thin film properties. The accuracy of both 2D and 3D simulations was compared to select the optimal model for database generation. The Box–Behnken design-based data sampling method was used to define the number of simulations and input variables for the FE models. The ANN technique was then employed to establish the complex mapping between the simulated load–depth curves (input) and the corresponding stress–strain curve (output). The generated database was used to train and test the ANN model. Then, the learned ANN model was used to achieve high accuracy in identifying the stress–strain curve of the GaN thin film from the experimental load–depth data. This work demonstrates the successful application of an inverse analysis framework, combining experimental nanoindentation tests, FE modeling, and an ANN model, for the characterization of the elastoplastic behavior of GaN thin films.
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30

Chenchevoi, V., K. Danova, O. Chencheva, A. Perekrest, and D. Hrigorieva. "SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROAEROINE AIR COMPOSITION IN PUBLIC PREMISES FOR PERSONS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS." Labour protection problems in Ukraine 36, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36804/nndipbop.36-4.2020.8-15.

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The purpose of this work is scientific substantiation and optimization of hydroaeroionic composition of air in public places to create safe living and working conditions for people with special needs using a modern ultrasonic ionizer. Measurements were performed by the developed method using an air saion counter "Sapphire 3K" and using a thermoanemometer TM-4001. To perform the analysis of experimental research data, the method of mathematical planning of the experiment according to the scheme of rotatable central composite planning (RCCP) was used, which is based on regression analysis. The possibility of using for the process of hydroaeroionization of premises where there are people with special needs of saline solutions of different degrees of concentration to increase the concentration of negative ions has been investigated. Analysis of experimental data showed that increasing the concentration of saline solutions leads to a decrease in the intensity of formation of hydroaeroions in the room. Minimizing the mineralization of water will allow you to get the optimal concentration of hydroaeroions with artificial ionization of the room where people with disabilities are. Mathematical processing of the obtained data allowed to establish the combined effect of indoor air velocity (v) and distance to UGA (s) on the concentration of positive and negative aerons when using mineralized water of different degrees of concentration. The obtained result can be applied at designing and development of control system of the ultrasonic generator of air ions for the purpose of creation of the most comfortable high-quality ionized air in rooms where there are persons with special needs.: Synthesized regression models of concentrations of hydroaeroions, which describe the relationship between the velocity of air in the room and the distance to the ultrasonic generator of air ions during artificial ionization of rooms for people with special needs. The adequacy of the models is checked by the coefficient of determination, which proves the high level of correlation of the system coefficients.
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31

Acharya, Shakuntala, and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "A conceptual tool for environmentally benign design: development and evaluation of a “proof of concept”." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 34, no. 1 (February 2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060419000313.

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AbstractDesign is a decision-making process for which knowledge is a prerequisite. Most decisions are taken at the conceptual stage and have pronounced influence on the final design. The literature, therefore, recommends the incorporation of sustainability criteria, such as environment, at this stage. Difficulty in performing life cycle assessment (LCA) due to low availability of information at the conceptual stage for evaluation and highly abstract nature of solutions, inadequate incorporation of DfE (Design for Environment) guidelines and LCA reports into the design process, and a lack of effective communication of the same to the designers for prompt decision-making are major motivations for the development of a support. This paper discusses a “conceptual Tool for environmentally benign design” – concepTe – that supports designers in decision-making during the conceptual design stage, by offering environmental impact (EI) estimates of abstract solutions with associated uncertainty, for evaluation and selection of the most environmentally benign solution as concept. The EI estimates are calculated by a module in the tool based on a proposed EI estimation method, which requires the support of a knowledge base to fetch appropriate LCA information corresponding to the design element being conceptualized. This knowledge base is grounded in the domain-agnostic SAPPhIRE model ontology, allows semantic operability of the knowledge, and offers the results to the designers in a familiar domain language to aid decision-making. A “proof of concept” of the tool is developed for application in design of building in the AEC (Architectural design, Engineering, and Construction) domain. Further, empirical studies are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the “proof of concept” to support decision-making and results are found favorable. The paper also discusses the future scope for further development of the tool into a holistic design decision-making platform.
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32

Ates, Ayfer, and Burçin Arıcan. "The effect of the NiTi alloy modification and the taper of endodontic instruments on the cyclic fatigue resistance." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 26, no. 2 (2022): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bjdm2202063a.

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Background/Aim: The fracture of engine-driven instruments during root canal treatment has been tried to be eliminated by developing the manufacturing process of the files. The aim of this study was to assess cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of the two different rotary filesEdgeSequel™ Sapphire (ES) and Race® Evo (RE)which are produced by two different manufacturing technologies. Material and Methods: While RE is manufactured from heat-treated NiTi alloy with the electropolished surface, ES undergoes a non-disclosed thermal treatment called FireWire heat treatment. The CFRs of ES and RE comprising of similar tip size and taper (15/.04 and 25/.04) were compared on a cyclic fatigue device with an artificial stainless-steel canal (60° curvature, 5 mm radius, 1.5 mm width, and 3.0 mm depth). The continuous water spray with a syringe at 35.5°C was used to decrease the friction and to simulate in vivo conditions. All procedures were performed at recommended speed and torque for both files until fracture occurred. The time to failure (TF) was recorded and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The Weibull calculations (Weibull modulus, R2, predicted cycles, and time for 99 % survival) for NCF and TF were also done. The data were statistically analyzed with the independent two-sample t-test and the paired two-sample t-test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Both ES and RE showed a better CFR in 15/.04 tip size than 25/.04 (P < 0.05). The TF of the ES were higher than the RE (P < 0.05). The highest and lowest Weibull modulus values were obtained with RE 15/.04 and RE 25/.04, respectively. Conclusions: Both the tip diameter and alloy modification of the instruments affected the CFR. FireWire heat treatment was associated with longer TF. The bigger the tip diameter, the lower the CFR for both tested products.
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33

Voigt, Cooper Augustus, Brent K. Wagner, and Eric M. Vogel. "Molecular Beam Epitaxy of in2Se3 Thin Films." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 15 (October 9, 2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0215816mtgabs.

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In2Se3 is a polymorphous metal-chalcogenide system1 where each phase exhibits dramatically different functional properties. α-In2Se3 is a two-dimensional, ferroelectric semiconductor2,3 and has shown promise in low-power, neuromorphic electronic devices4,5. β-In2Se3 is a two-dimensional, centrosymmetric semiconductor and has shown promise in photodetectors6. γ-In2Se3 is a three-dimensional, defect- wurtzite wide bandgap semiconductor that has shown promise as a precursor layer for CuInSe2 solar cells7. Considered together, the bandgaps of these materials range from 1.3eV to 2.5eV8. Understanding how to synthesize phase-pure thin-films of In2Se3 is of interest to harness the properties of these materials for applications in electronic devices. α-In2Se3 is thermodynamically stable below 200 oC and transitions to the 2D, centrosymmetric β-In2Se3 phase upon heating above 200 oC1. While the β to α-In2Se3 phase transition is achievable in bulk synthesis via slow cooling2, the β to α-In2Se3 phase transition does not occur as readily in thin-films. Recent studies on thin-film synthesis of In2Se3 have demonstrated β- and/or γ-In2Se3 films at temperatures above the thermodynamic stability range of α-In2Se3 (200 oC). Two reports from the last two years demonstrate large-area synthesis of β-In2Se3 thin-films metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on sapphire at temperatures greater than 300 oC6,9. Another study reported MBE synthesis of metastable, strained, mixed phase β/γ-In2Se3 films on Si(111) substrates at 180 oC10. One study from 2018 claims deposition of large-area α-In2Se3 thin-films on graphene at a substrate temperature of 250 oC via molecular beam epitaxy; however, it is difficult to distinguish the α from β phase by the Raman spectra and TEM micrograph along the c-axis. In this study we demonstrate thin-film synthesis of In2Se3 over a wide array of synthesis conditions via molecular beam epitaxy. We systematically investigate the effects of substrate temperature, cooling rate after deposition, substrate surface, Se/In flux ratio, and precursor type on the structure and properties of In2Se3 films. We characterize the crystalline phase, stoichiometry, and crystal morphology via Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, respectively. (1) Okamoto, H. In-Se ( Indium-Selenium ). J. Phase Equilibria 2004, 25 (2). (2) Küpers, M.; Konze, P. M.; Meledin, A.; Mayer, J.; Englert, U.; Wuttig, M.; Dronskowski, R. Controlled Crystal Growth of Indium Selenide, In2Se3, and the Crystal Structures of α-In2Se3. Inorg. Chem. 2018, 57, 11775–11781. (3) Xiao, J.; Zhu, H.; Wang, Y.; Feng, W.; Hu, Y.; Dasgupta, A.; Han, Y.; Wang, Y.; Muller, D. A.; Martin, L. W.; et al. Intrinsic Two-Dimensional Ferroelectricity with Dipole Locking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2018, 120 (22), 227601. (4) Tang, B.; Tang, B.; Hussain, S.; Xu, R.; Cheng, Z.; Liao, J.; Chen, Q. Novel Type of Synaptic Transistors Based on a Ferroelectric Semiconductor Channel. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12 (22), 24920–24928. (5) Wang, L.; Liao, W.; Wong, S. L.; Yu, Z. G.; Li, S.; Lim, Y. F.; Feng, X.; Tan, W. C.; Huang, X.; Chen, L.; et al. Artificial Synapses Based on Multiterminal Memtransistors for Neuromorphic Application. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29 (25), 1–10. (6) Claro, M. S.; Grzonka, J.; Nicoara, N.; Ferreira, P. J.; Sadewasser, S. Wafer-Scale Fabrication of 2D β-In2Se3 Photodetectors. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2020, 2001034, 1–9. (7) Ashok, A.; Regmi, G.; Velumani, S. Growth of In2Se3 Thin Films Prepared by the Pneumatic Spray Pyrolysis Method for Thin Film Solar Cells Applications. 2020 17th Int. Conf. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. Autom. Control. CCE 2020 2020, 2–7. (8) Li, J.; Li, H.; Niu, X.; Wang, Z. Low-Dimensional In2Se3 Compounds: From Material Preparations to Device Applications. ACS Nano 2021, 15 (12), 18683–18707. (9) Zhang, X.; Lee, S.; Bansal, A.; Zhang, F.; Terrones, M.; Jackson, T. N.; Redwing, J. M. Epitaxial Growth of Few-Layer β-In2Se3 Thin Films by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition. J. Cryst. Growth 2020, 533 (December 2019), 125471. (10) Shen, Y. F.; Yin, X. B.; Xu, C. F.; He, J.; Li, J. Y.; Li, H. D.; Zhu, X. H.; Niu, X. Bin. Growth and Structural Characteristics of Metastable β-In2Se3 Thin Films on H-Terminated Si(111) Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Chinese Phys. B 2020, 29 (5).
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34

Coppens, Lucas, and Rob Lavigne. "SAPPHIRE: a neural network based classifier for σ70 promoter prediction in Pseudomonas." BMC Bioinformatics 21, no. 1 (September 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-020-03730-z.

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Abstract Background In silico promoter prediction represents an important challenge in bioinformatics as it provides a first-line approach to identifying regulatory elements to support wet-lab experiments. Historically, available promoter prediction software have focused on sigma factor-associated promoters in the model organism E. coli. As a consequence, traditional promoter predictors yield suboptimal predictions when applied to other prokaryotic genera, such as Pseudomonas, a Gram-negative bacterium of crucial medical and biotechnological importance. Results We developed SAPPHIRE, a promoter predictor for σ70 promoters in Pseudomonas. This promoter prediction relies on an artificial neural network that evaluates sequences on their similarity to the − 35 and − 10 boxes of σ70 promoters found experimentally in P. aeruginosa and P. putida. SAPPHIRE currently outperforms established predictive software when classifying Pseudomonas σ70 promoters and was built to allow further expansion in the future. Conclusions SAPPHIRE is the first predictive tool for bacterial σ70 promoters in Pseudomonas. SAPPHIRE is free, publicly available and can be accessed online at www.biosapphire.com. Alternatively, users can download the tool as a Python 3 script for local application from this site.
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35

Davis, B. M., J. Q. Zheng, M. R. Ma, B. Y. Jin, J. E. Hilliard, and J. B. Ketterson. "Superconducting Properties of v/cr Artificial Metallic Superlattices." MRS Proceedings 77 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-77-509.

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ABSTRACTWe have studied the superconducting properties of V/Cr superlattices. Superlattices of V100Crx, V150Crx, and V200Crx, with x varying between 3 and 80 atomic planes have been prepared. The films have a strong (110) texture and were grown on sapphire substrates at 250°C in an ultra-high vacuum system. The zero field transition temperature of the V150Crx and V200Crx, but not the V100Crx films have been adequately modeled using Werthamer's theory for proximity effect coupled films. The films have a dimensional crossover in the parallel upper critical field when the thickness of the Cr layers is about 60 atomic planes.
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36

Morawe, CH, and H. Zabel. "Metal/Al2O3 Multilayers As High-Temperature X-Ray Mirrors." MRS Proceedings 382 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-382-363.

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ABSTRACTBy if-sputtering we have prepared high-quality metal/Al2O3 (metal: Co, Pt, W) artificial multilayers on sapphire (1120) substrates. We obtain interface roughnesses of about 0.2 nm and x-ray reflectivities of nearly 100 % at the first satellite reflection using Cu Kα radiation. The multilayer structures remain stable up to 700°C – 900°C without appreciable loss in reflectivity. Annealing causes structural changes depending on the chosen metal. Pt/Al2O3 forms a coherent superlattice structure whereas Co and W exhibit a gradual internal oxidation at the metal/Al2O3 interface. Beyond 900°C all systems are destroyed.
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37

Chuang, Meng-Hsi, Chun-An Chen, Po-Yen Liu, Xin-Quan Zhang, Nai-Yu Yeh, Hao-Jen Shih, and Yi-Hsien Lee. "Scalable Moiré Lattice with Oriented TMD Monolayers." Nanoscale Research Letters 17, no. 1 (March 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-022-03670-y.

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AbstractMoiré lattice in artificially stacked monolayers of two-dimensional (2D) materials effectively modulates the electronic structures of materials, which is widely highlighted. Formation of the electronic Moiré superlattice promises the prospect of uniformity among different moiré cells across the lattice, enabling a new platform for novel properties, such as unconventional superconductivity, and scalable quantum emitters. Recently, epitaxial growth of the monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) is achieved on the sapphire substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to realize scalable growth of highly-oriented monolayers. However, fabrication of the scalable Moiré lattice remains challenging due to the lack of essential manipulation of the well-aligned monolayers for clean interface quality and precise twisting angle control. Here, scalable and highly-oriented monolayers of TMD are realized on the sapphire substrates by using the customized CVD process. Controlled growth of the epitaxial monolayers is achieved by promoting the rotation of the nuclei-like domains in the initial growth stage, enabling aligned domains for further grain growth in the steady-state stage. A full coverage and distribution of the highly-oriented domains are verified by second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. By developing the method for clean monolayer manipulation, hetero-stacked bilayer (epi-WS2/epi-MoS2) is fabricated with the specific angular alignment of the two major oriented monolayers at the edge direction of 0°/ ± 60°. On account of the optimization for scalable Moiré lattice with a high-quality interface, the observation of interlayer exciton at low temperature illustrates the feasibility of scalable Moiré superlattice based on the oriented monolayers.
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38

Sakurai, Haruyuki, Kuniaki Konishi, Hiroharu Tamaru, Junji Yumoto, and Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami. "Direct correlation of local fluence to single-pulse ultrashort laser ablated morphology." Communications Materials 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43246-021-00138-x.

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AbstractBasic studies on ultrafast laser ablation processes are important for expanding their utility. In particular, understanding the ablated morphology in relation to the incident pulse is critical for micromachining, and an important benchmark for simulations. However, current morphological analyses rely on vast simplifications of experimental conditions, such as a singular fluence value to reduce a unique beam profile, or the maximum crater depth or diameter to describe the ablated morphology. Here, we develop a morphology analysis method in which we take the full two-dimensional information of both the input beam profile and the ablated morphology, and spatially correlate the two without data reduction. We show, using sapphire as a benchmark material, that this serves as a robust way to extract well-studied values and dependencies, such as the ablation threshold, and also as a way to probe the spatial independence of the process. We anticipate that our findings will modernize current study techniques to meet the demand for increased, high-quality data such as that required for artificial intelligence-based analysis.
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39

Trollman, Hana, Sandeep Jagtap, and Frank Trollman. "Crowdsourcing food security: introducing food choice derivatives for sustainability." Food Security, April 26, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-023-01363-7.

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AbstractGlobal food supply chains are unprepared for the increasing number and severity of the expected environmental, social and economic shocks in the coming years. The price-setting process of commodities is directly impacted by such shocks, influencing consumer behavior regarding food choice and consumption. Both the market and advances in precision agriculture drive increased production and consumption. However, there has been a lack of consideration of how consumer behavior could be harnessed to mitigate such shocks through decreased consumption and reduced waste. The SAPPhIRE model of causality was applied to design sustainable and ecologically embedded futures derivatives that could have a role in affecting commodity markets. Multi-agent systems were combined with artificial intelligence and edge computing to provide the necessary functionality. The impact of war in Ukraine was used to exemplify the design of consumer “food choice” derivatives. This resulted in a mechanism to bring aggregated acts of consumer compassion and sustainability to commodities markets to mitigate food security shocks. When implementing food choice derivatives, care must be taken to ensure that consumer food choices are rational and compatible with individual nutritional needs and financial situations, and that the legitimate interests of agri-food businesses are protected.
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40

Kaur, Amandeep, Subhrajit Sikdar, Santosh Kumar Yadav, and Subhabrata Dhar. "PLD‐Grown Semi‐Insulating Ga2O3 Thin Film‐Based Optoelectronic Artificial Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing Applications." Advanced Materials Technologies, July 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400464.

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AbstractDevelopment of artificial opto‐electronic synaptic devices plays a crucial role for the practical implementation of energy‐efficient, parallel processing of human brain. In this article, two terminal inter‐digitated devices are fabricated on Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique to study its ability to mimic biological synaptic behaviors. The layers are found to exhibit long persistent photo‐conductivity (PPC) effect, which is identified to be the key parameter to replicate the behavior of biological synapses. Channel resistance and PPC time constants should also be optimized to improve the efficiency of response and energy consumption of synaptic devices. It has been observed that both conductivity and the PPC decay time of Ga2O3‐films can be controlled by varying oxygen pressure and growth temperature (TG). These devices demonstrate their ability to perform paired pulse facilitation (PPF) at very low applied bias in mV‐range. They can mimic biological synapses showing short‐to‐long‐term memory transition (STM‐to‐LTM) and learning‐forgetting behavior. One of these devices is found to show synaptic behavior with the energy consumption of as low as 71fJ electrical and 21nJ optical per synaptic event. These findings thus strengthen the candidature of Ga2O3 films for the development of next‐generation opto‐electronic neuromorphic devices and systems.
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41

Pushkarev, Aleksandr V., and Natalia Y. Saakyan. "Local low-temperature exposure: destruction, preservation, therapy." Refrigeration Technology, December 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rf114720.

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Local low-temperature impact on biological tissues, depending on the temperature reached, can lead to destructive, preserving or therapeutic effects. The article describes the principle of a unified approach for the transition from mass recommendations for the dosing of local low-temperature exposure to personalized. It is proposed to divide the exposure process into three stages: planning, provision and control, analysis of compliance with the planned and received dose. Examples of solving the problems of heat transfer in cryosurgery and cryopreservation are given for a possible improvement of the planning stage. In the framework of the first direction, two cases are considered. The first is to improve the accuracy of prostate cryoablation planning. The second is a comparison of the effectiveness of various materials of cryosurgical applicators: copper, brass and artificial sapphire, which can be used to influence and control the freezing zone by optical methods. Within the framework of the second direction, a case of using local low-temperature exposure to solve the problem of simultaneously preserving the framework of a biological tissue and removing a layer of donor cells, called decellularization, is shown for the purposes of transplantology. The results of the above examples can potentially be used in planning a local low-temperature impact. Based on this approach, it is possible to develop methods and technologies of a new generation with the possibility of accurate dosing.
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