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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial respiration – New Zealand'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Peeters, M. E., D. Gil, E. Teske, V. Eyzenbach, W. E. v. d. Brom, J. T. Lumeij, and H. W. de Vries. "Four methods for general anaesthesia in the rabbit: a comparative study." Laboratory Animals 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780746197.

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The efficacy and safety of pentobarbitone, ketamine/xylazine, fentanyl/fluanisone/diazepam, and halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia were compared in 4 groups of six New Zealand White rabbits. Heart and respiratory rates, body temperature, reflexes, blood pressure and blood gases were measured. Pentobarbitone appeared to be unsuitable for anaesthesia in rabbits, as 5 of the 6 rabbits to whom it was administered, required artificial respiration or died. The combinations of ketamine/xylazine and fentanyl-f1uanisone/diazepam both produced unpredictable levels of anaesthesia together with a substantial decline in arterial blood pressure and Po2. Despite a severe drop in blood pressure (up to 37·5%), anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide was found to be superior to the other anaesthetic agents.

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2

Pentreath, R. J. "Respiratory surfaces and respiration in three New Zealand intertidal ophiuroids." Journal of Zoology 163, no. 3 (May 6, 2010): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb04540.x.

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3

Kanae, Shunshoku, Masanori Nakamichi, Zi-Jiang Yang, and Kiyoshi Wada. "A New Respiratory Model considering Hysteresis for Artificial Respiration." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 10 (2010): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100826-3-tr-4015.00012.

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4

Sehgal, Tavish, and Marianne Cherrington. "Improving New Zealand Health Outcomes with Artificial Intelligence." Scope: Contemporary Research Topics (Health and Wellbeing), no. 6 (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/scop.3006005.

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5

BROWN, M., D. WHITEHEAD, J. HUNT, T. CLOUGH, G. ARNOLD, W. BAISDEN, and R. SHERLOCK. "Regulation of soil surface respiration in a grazed pasture in New Zealand." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149, no. 2 (February 2009): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.08.005.

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6

Heenan, P. B. "Artificial intergeneric hybrids between the New Zealand endemicIschnocarpusandPachycladon(Brassicaceae)." New Zealand Journal of Botany 37, no. 4 (December 1999): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1999.9512656.

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7

Marsden, I. D. "Feeding, Respiration, and Aerial Exposure in a Scavenging Cirolanid Isopod From New Zealand." Journal of Crustacean Biology 19, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1549254.

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8

Schipper, L. A., and W. G. Lee. "Microbial biomass, respiration and diversity in ultramafic soils of West Dome, New Zealand." Plant and Soil 262, no. 1/2 (May 2004): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:plso.0000037027.56794.08.

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9

PRaeST, PALM. "Some comments on manual artificial respiration and a proposed new method." Acta Medica Scandinavica 103, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1940.tb09054.x.

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10

Preece, A. "Al in Australia and New Zealand." IEEE Intelligent Systems 19, no. 4 (July 2004): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mis.2004.21.

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11

Daniel Farhat. "Artificial neural networks and aggregate consumption patterns in New Zealand." Journal of Economic Research (JER) 19, no. 2 (August 2014): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.17256/jer.2014.19.2.004.

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12

Black, Shaw Mead, Kerry. "A Multipurpose, Artificial Reef at Mount Maunganui Beach, New Zealand." Coastal Management 27, no. 4 (September 1999): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089207599263767.

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13

Sparling, Graham P., Louis A. Schipper, Allan E. Hewitt, and Bradley P. Degens. "Resistance to cropping pressure of two New Zealand soils with contrasting mineralogy." Soil Research 38, no. 1 (2000): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99065.

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Changes in soil properties in response to cropping pressure were measured in 2 mineralogically contrasting New Zealand topsoils. Waiareka clay (Vertic Haplustoll) with >65% smectite clay was compared with Wakanui silt loam (Aquic Haplustept), which contains about 20% mixed or illite clays. Soil properties (0–10 cm) were assessed by changes in organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), pH, cation exchange capacity, Olsen P, microbial C, soil respiration, microbial functional evenness, mineralisable N, bulk density, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, readily available and total available water, macro porosity and total porosity, particle density, and particle size distribution. Additional samples of the Waiareka clay soil were taken at 10–20 cm depth. Cropping pressure was estimated using a scale based on the number of years in crop v. those in pasture. The organic and biological status of the Waiareka pasture soil (0–10 cm) was greater than that of the Wakanui pasture, with contents of 5.1% organic C, 0.43% total N, 1429 microbial C (µg/cm3), and 123 mineralisable N (µg/cm3), compared with values of 4.0%, 0.31%, 795 µg/cm3, and 89 µg/cm3, respectively. Total and macroporosity, and total and readily available water, were also greater on the Waiareka pasture soil compared with the Wakanui pasture soil. Under cropping pressure, the Waiareka soil had marked declines in organic matter C and N, microbial C and soil respiration, microbial functional evenness, macroporosity, and available water. In contrast, the Wakanui silt loam showed little response to cropping pressure; mineralisable N declined slightly and particle density increased under cropping. We concluded that the initial properties of a soil were not good predictors of subsequent resistance to cropping pressure; and that soils with initially high status have the potential for proportionally greater decline.

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14

Cacioppo, O. "ACTINIDIA ARTIFICIAL POLLINATION: THE NEW ZEALAND METHOD. FIRST EXPERIENCES IN ITALY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 282 (December 1990): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.282.11.

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15

de Lange, P. J., H. R. Toelken, B. G. Murray, and P. M. Datson. "Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses." Australian Systematic Botany 18, no. 2 (2005): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb04043.

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Observations of wild plants and herbarium specimens suggest that hybridism is a feature of the Australasian Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex. In this study 73 artificial cross combinations were attempted with New Zealand material of Leptospermum scoparium, five Kunzea species, two varieties and six informally recognised entities within the New Zealand K. ericoides complex. The results of these crosses are documented, and for five hybrids spanning the intergeneric, interspecific and intraspecific crosses attempted, we provide a more detailed assessment based on morphology, molecular (nrDNA and chloroplast) sequence variation, and genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH). This is the first time GISH has been used in the Myrtaceae. Hybrids were easily generated between the New Zealand members of the K. ericoides complex, but not between them and the Australian K. ericoides complex. We were unable to produce hybrids between the New Zealand K. ericoides complex and two more distantly related Australian species, K. baxteri and K. parvifolia. Intergeneric crosses between New Zealand plants of Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea sinclairii and an informally recognised variant K. aff. ericoides (b) were successfully produced, but failed to flower. The molecular evidence and observations after GISH show that even when low levels of sequence divergence exist, genome differentiation, to different extents, can be observed. The results confirm some suspected New Zealand hybrid complexes. However, while hybrids were easily generated artificially, natural instances of hybridism appear to be largely confined to those habitats significantly disturbed since European settlement of both countries.

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16

Hedley, C. B., S. M. Lambie, and J. L. Dando. "Edaphic and environmental controls of soil respiration and related soil processes under two contrasting manuka and kanuka shrubland stands in North Island, New Zealand." Soil Research 51, no. 5 (2013): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12248.

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The conversion of marginal pastoral land in New Zealand to higher biomass shrubland consisting of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides) offers opportunity for carbon (C) sequestration, with potential co-benefits of soil erosion control. We therefore selected two areas with different soils in different climatic regions to investigate and compare soil respiration rates, methane and nitrous oxide emission profiles, and key carbon exchange processes controlling carbon sequestration. In addition, two shrubland stands of different ages were selected in each area, providing four sites in total. Regular (almost monthly) soil respiration measurements were made over a 2-year period, with less frequent methane and nitrous oxide flux measurements, and soil sampling once at the end of the study. The cooler, wetter volcanic soils had higher total organic C (6.39 ± 0.12% v. 5.51 ± 0.17%), soil C : nitrogen (N) ratios (20.55 ± 0.20 v. 18.45 ± 0.23), and slightly lower mineral N (3.30 ± 0.74 v. 4.89 ± 0.57 mg/kg) and microbial biomass C (1131 ± 108 v. 1502 ± 37 mg/kg) than the more drought-prone, stony, sedimentary soils. Mineral-N contents at all sites indicated N-limited ecosystems for allocation of below- and above-ground C. The estimated mean annual cumulative respiration rate recorded in the volcanic soil was 10.26 ± 7.45 t CO2-C/ha.year compared with 9.85 ± 8.63 t CO2-C/ha.year in the stony sedimentary soil for the 2 years of our study. Older shrubland stands had higher respiration rates than younger stands in both study areas. Methane oxidation was estimated to be higher in the volcanic soil (4.10 ± 2.13 kg CH4-C/ha.year) than the sedimentary soil sites (2.51 ± 2.48 kg CH4-C/ha.year). The measured natural background levels of nitrous oxide emissions from these shrubland soils ranged between negligible and 0.30 ± 0.20 kg N2O-N/ha.year. A strong climatic control (temperature and moisture) on gas fluxes was observed at all sites. Our sampling strategy at each of the four sites was to estimate the mean soil respiration rates (n = 25) from an 8 by 8 m sampling grid positioned into a representative location. Soil respiration rates were also measured (by additional, less frequent sampling) in two adjacent grids (1-m offset and 100-m distant grid) to test the validity of these representative mean values. The 1-m offset grid (n = 25) provided a statistically different soil respiration rate from the main grid (n = 25) in 25% of the 12 sampling events. The 100-m grid (n = 25) provided a statistically different respiration rate to the main grid in 38% of the 26 sampling events. These differences are attributed to the spatially variable and sporadic nature of gaseous emissions from soils. The grid analysis tested the prediction uncertainty and it provides evidence for strong spatial and temporal control by edaphic processes in micro-sites. A partial least-squares regression model was used to relate the 2009 annual cumulative soil respiration to site-specific edaphic characteristics, i.e. biomass, nutrient availability, porosity and bulk density, measured at the end of that year. The model explained ≥80% of the variance at three of the four sites.

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17

Drinker, Philip. "The Use of a New Apparatus for the Prolonged Administration of Artificial Respiration." JAMA 255, no. 11 (March 21, 1986): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03370110095029.

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18

Sun, OJ, and GB Sweet. "Genotypic Variation in Light and Temperature Response of Photosynthesis in Nothofagus solandri Var. cliffortioides and N. menziesii." Functional Plant Biology 23, no. 4 (1996): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9960421.

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Responses of photosynthesis to light and temperature were studied in two Nothofagus species native to New Zealand: N. solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole and N. menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst.. Measurements of leaf photosynthesis were made in a controlled environment growth chamber at photosynthetic photon flux density between 0 and 700 μmol m-2 s-1 with temperatures set for 10, 20 and 25�C, on seedlings previously grown in a glasshouse from seed of three different origins. In both species, pronounced intraspecific variation was shown in dark respiration, light compensation point and light-saturated net photosynthesis (Amax). Seedlings of N. solandri showed higher dark respiration and light compensation levels than N. menziesii seedlings, but the two species did not differ in Amax. Change in temperature resulted in significant change in the response of photosynthesis to light in both N. solandri and N. menziesii. The differences between N. solandri and N. menziesii in light response of photosynthesis are discussed in terms of ecosystem dynamics of Nothofagus forests in New Zealand.

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19

Egbelakin, Temitope, Lin Lin Zhao, Bill Wang, and Jasper Mbachu. "Using artificial neural networks to forecast producer price index for New Zealand." International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services 7, no. 3 (2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijims.2020.10028267.

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20

Zhao, Lin Lin, Bill Wang, Jasper Mbachu, and Temitope Egbelakin. "Using artificial neural networks to forecast producer price index for New Zealand." International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services 7, no. 3 (2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijims.2020.107944.

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21

Graham, Scott L., John E. Hunt, Peter Millard, Tony McSeveny, Jason M. Tylianakis, and David Whitehead. "Effects of Soil Warming and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration in a New Zealand Tussock Grassland." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2014): e91204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091204.

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22

Sparling, GP, AW West, and J. Reynolds. "Influence of soil moisture regime on the respiration response of soils subjected to osmotic stress." Soil Research 27, no. 1 (1989): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890161.

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The influence of the soil moisture regime on the tolerance of the soil micro-organisms to increased osmotic stress was examined by laboratory tests with a range of New Zealand soils. Soils from various climatic regions (moist, intermediate and dry) were amended with glucose-NaCl solutions, incubated for 0.5 h, and the respiration rate over the following 2 h was used as a measure of the response of the microbial biomass to the changed osmotic potential. Osmotic potentials were varied between -4 and -80 bar by altering the concentration of NaCl. Air-drying the soils at 25�C decreased the respiration response of the microbial biomass by 3-60% but had little effect on the tolerance of the surviving populations to decreased osmotic potentials. In general, the soils showed the same patterns: an osmotic potential of -23 bar decreased the respiration response by 28-45% (18-44% after air-drying) and a -80 bar potential decreased it by 64-86% (52-84% after air-drying). For the majority of soils, a consistent relationship was obtained between the respiration rate of the moist soils and the osmotic potential applied. A reasonable prediction of the respiration response after air-drying could be obtained from the respiration response of moist soils at -25 bar osmotic potential.

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23

Gee, Erica K., Chris W. Rogers, and Charlotte F. Bolwell. "Commercial equine production in New Zealand. 1. Reproduction and breeding." Animal Production Science 60, no. 18 (2020): 2145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16728.

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The Thoroughbred and Standardbred studbooks are the largest in New Zealand, where the production of horses is pasture based. Each racing studbook is closed, and both have well structured systems in place for recording breeding data. There are significant pressures on the Thoroughbred and Standardbred breeding industries with declining broodmare numbers, and increasingly large book sizes for popular stallions. The breeding season for Thoroughbreds is very short, with disparity between the official breeding season and the physiologic breeding season for mares. These issues are confounded by variable gestation lengths of mares, making it difficult for mares to maintain yearly foaling patterns. However, the reproductive efficiency of Thoroughbred mares is improving, mainly due to veterinary and stud management practices such as those to ensure that dry mares are cycling at the start of the breeding season, foaling mares are bred on foal heat, and that mares are kept in good body condition at breeding. There is also a bias towards breeding younger mares with high fertility in preference to older mares, unless they have desired genetics or successful offspring. Careful management of popular Thoroughbred stallions ensures that large books of mares can be covered by natural service. In contrast, Standardbred stallions are collected every-other-day using an artificial vagina, allowing the breeding of mares at distant locations by artificial insemination, using chilled or frozen semen. Breeding horses kept at pasture under New Zealand conditions requires excellent stud management and veterinary management to achieve good outcomes.

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24

Suren, Alastair M. "Assessment of artificial bryophytes for invertebrate sampling in two New Zealand alpine streams." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 25, no. 1 (March 1991): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1991.9516458.

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25

KROSS, SARA M., PAUL G. McDONALD, and XIMENA J. NELSON. "New Zealand Falcon nests suffer lower predation in agricultural habitat than in natural habitat." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 4 (April 10, 2013): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000130.

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SummaryIntroduced mammalian predators have been implicated in the majority of avian extinctions on oceanic islands around the globe. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the decimated New Zealand avifauna, where introduced predators remain the primary threat to virtually all surviving endemic species, including the threatened New Zealand Falcon Falco novaeseelandiae. We used remote videography at falcon nests and conducted an artificial nest experiment to compare the rates of predation and responsible predators of falcons nesting in hills against those nesting in nearby commercial vineyards. Overall, 63% of artificial nests in the hills were predated, compared with 38% in vineyards. Further, artificial eggs were predated faster in the hills than those placed in vineyards. Video footage revealed that the suite of predators visiting real falcon nests was similar to those identified attacking artificial nests. However, predators differed across habitats, with nests in vineyards being predated mainly by hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus and Australasian Harriers Circus approximans, whereas nests in the hill environments were mainly attacked by stoats Mustela erminea. These results demonstrate the important implications of habitat type on predation pressure associated with introduced predators. These may well prove a fruitful avenue of management if breeding can be fostered in safer areas, as in the case of this threatened falcon.

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26

Konrat, Matt von, Peter de Lange, Juan Larraín, Jörn Hentschel, Benjamin Carter, Jon Shaw, and Blanka Shaw. "A small world: Uncovering hidden diversity in Frullania – a new species from Aotearoa-New Zealand." Polish Botanical Journal 58, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0056.

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Abstract Frullania is a large and taxonomically complex genus. Here a new Frullania, F. toropuku von Konrat, de Lange & Larraín, sp. nov. is described from New Zealand. Frullania toropuku is placed in F. subg. Microfrullania. The new species is readily recognised by a combination of morphological characters associated with branching, the perianth, sexuality, and sporophyte, which distinguish it from all other New Zealand and regional species of Frullania. However, morphologically F. toropuku most closely resembles the widespread F. rostrata, which might well be regarded as a Southern Hemisphere equivalent of the Holarctic F. tamarisci species-complex in terms of its cryptic diversity. A combination of morphological characters associated with branching, the perianth, sexuality, and sporophyte distinguish F. toropuku from all other New Zealand and regional species of Frullania. A comparison is made between F. toropuku and morphologically allied species of botanical regions outside the New Zealand region and an artificial key is provided. In a prior investigation, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and plastidic trnL-trnF sequences from purported related species confirms its independent taxonomic status and corroborates its placement within F. subg. Microfrullania. The ongoing studies of Frullania species-complexes reveal the urgent need for more species-level phylogenies with extensive population sampling to approximate the actual diversity of Frullania, and to elucidate speciation processes and distribution range formation.

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27

Mellow, Kieran D., Joy L. Tyson, Michael A. Manning, and Peter J. Wright. "Preliminary pathogenicity screening of Verticillium spp. on kiwifruit in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 26, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.247.

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Plant-pathogenic Verticillium species have been present in New Zealand for many years, and have been considered minor wilt pathogens of kiwifruit. However, an outbreak of Verticillium nonalfalfae (previously identified as Verticillium alboatrum) causing wilt and death of the kiwifruit cultivar Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hort16A’ in Chile has raised questions around the pathogenicity and significance of New Zealand Verticillium species. This study investigated the pathogenicity of New Zealand isolates of Verticillium spp. to ‘Hort16A’. Three isolates of Verticillium dahliae and one of V. alboatrum sensu stricto, previously recovered from kiwifruit in New Zealand, were tested for pathogenicity against ‘Hort16A’ by artificial inoculation of young vines. Disease assessments were carried out monthly. Symptoms observed ranged from minor wilt to vine death. The V. alboatrum isolate appeared the most aggressive. Although there is evidence of some pathogenicity on kiwifruit within this group of isolates from Verticillium species in New Zealand, they appear less aggressive than those recorded in Chile. However, this cannot be confirmed without testing isolates from both countries concurrently under the same conditions.

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28

Zavvari, A., M. B. Jelodar, and M. Sutrisna. "Comparing two AI methods for predicting the future trend of New Zealand building projects: Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Network." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 8 (November 1, 2022): 082016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/8/082016.

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Abstract The rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in many aspects of construction management has helped this industry to further improve the management, design, and planning of construction projects. This trend happens in many construction sectors, including in New Zealand. Whilst relatively smaller compared to construction sectors in other OECD countries, the construction sector in New Zealand carries a similar degree of complexity and with its own unique characteristics. Various studies showed that AI and ML can be used for analysis of construction data to generate further insights and to predict future trends in construction sectors. However, the AI approaches have their own set of challenges such as complexity, high cost of training, failure, and change. Aiming to better understand the trends and requirements of New Zealand building projects, this study started with a review of the existing AI methods that are currently being applied. Accordingly, compare and evaluate the accuracy of two AI prediction methods. The two methods of Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Network are selected based on their predictive power and accuracy. These methods are conducted by using available historical building data which is available on StatsNZ website. A portion of the data is used for testing and evaluation purposes, and the rest of the data is used for training the AI methods. It was identified that the Decision Tree method did not show suitable accuracy for prediction building consents issued data. In comparison, Artificial Neural Network shows a reasonable range with 95% of confidence level. Therefore, this method is applied for building consents issued in New Zealand.

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29

Greimann, Emma S., Samuel F. Ward, James D. Woodell, Samantha Hennessey, Michael R. Kline, Jorge A. Moreno, Madeline Peters, et al. "Phenotypic Variation in Mitochondria-Related Performance Traits Across New Zealand Snail Populations." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa066.

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Synopsis Mitochondrial function is critical for energy homeostasis and should shape how genetic variation in metabolism is transmitted through levels of biological organization to generate stability in organismal performance. Mitochondrial function is encoded by genes in two distinct and separately inherited genomes—the mitochondrial genome and the nuclear genome—and selection is expected to maintain functional mito-nuclear interactions. The documented high levels of polymorphism in genes involved in these mito-nuclear interactions and wide variation for mitochondrial function demands an explanation for how and why variability in such a fundamental trait is maintained. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a New Zealand freshwater snail with coexisting sexual and asexual individuals and, accordingly, contrasting systems of separate vs. co-inheritance of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. As such, this snail provides a powerful means to dissect the evolutionary and functional consequences of mito-nuclear variation. The lakes inhabited by P. antipodarum span wide environmental gradients, with substantial across-lake genetic structure and mito-nuclear discordance. This situation allows us to use comparisons across reproductive modes and lakes to partition variation in cellular respiration across genetic and environmental axes. Here, we integrated cellular, physiological, and behavioral approaches to quantify variation in mitochondrial function across a diverse set of wild P. antipodarum lineages. We found extensive across-lake variation in organismal oxygen consumption and behavioral response to heat stress and differences across sexes in mitochondrial membrane potential but few global effects of reproductive mode. Taken together, our data set the stage for applying this important model system for sexual reproduction and polyploidy to dissecting the complex relationships between mito-nuclear variation, performance, plasticity, and fitness in natural populations.

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30

Mpelasoka, F. S., A. B. Mullan, and R. G. Heerdegen. "New Zealand climate change information derived by multivariate statistical and artificial neural networks approaches." International Journal of Climatology 21, no. 11 (2001): 1415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.617.

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31

Klein, M. G., and P. G. Allsopp. "Artificial Diets for Third Instar Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.4.585.

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Of four diets tested, one based on lima beans and casein was selected as the best and easiest for rearing third instars of Japanse beetles, Popillia japonica Newman. The diet gave the best survival and heaviest pupae and was previously used for rearing larvae of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (White).

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32

Marsden, Sharon, and Janet Holmes. "Talking to the elderly in New Zealand residential care settings." Journal of Pragmatics 64 (April 2014): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.01.006.

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33

Yeap, W. K., and R. Mugridge. "Report on AI research in progress in New Zealand universities." Artificial Intelligence Review 4, no. 1 (March 1990): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02221495.

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34

Ilie, Iulia, Peter Dittrich, Nuno Carvalhais, Martin Jung, Andreas Heinemeyer, Mirco Migliavacca, James I. L. Morison, et al. "Reverse engineering model structures for soil and ecosystem respiration: the potential of gene expression programming." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 9 (September 25, 2017): 3519–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3519-2017.

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Abstract. Accurate model representation of land–atmosphere carbon fluxes is essential for climate projections. However, the exact responses of carbon cycle processes to climatic drivers often remain uncertain. Presently, knowledge derived from experiments, complemented by a steadily evolving body of mechanistic theory, provides the main basis for developing such models. The strongly increasing availability of measurements may facilitate new ways of identifying suitable model structures using machine learning. Here, we explore the potential of gene expression programming (GEP) to derive relevant model formulations based solely on the signals present in data by automatically applying various mathematical transformations to potential predictors and repeatedly evolving the resulting model structures. In contrast to most other machine learning regression techniques, the GEP approach generates readable models that allow for prediction and possibly for interpretation. Our study is based on two cases: artificially generated data and real observations. Simulations based on artificial data show that GEP is successful in identifying prescribed functions, with the prediction capacity of the models comparable to four state-of-the-art machine learning methods (random forests, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and kernel ridge regressions). Based on real observations we explore the responses of the different components of terrestrial respiration at an oak forest in south-eastern England. We find that the GEP-retrieved models are often better in prediction than some established respiration models. Based on their structures, we find previously unconsidered exponential dependencies of respiration on seasonal ecosystem carbon assimilation and water dynamics. We noticed that the GEP models are only partly portable across respiration components, the identification of a general terrestrial respiration model possibly prevented by equifinality issues. Overall, GEP is a promising tool for uncovering new model structures for terrestrial ecology in the data-rich era, complementing more traditional modelling approaches.

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Philpot, Steve, and David Anderson. "The ethical and legal implications of the Human Tissue Amendment Act 2020 (Vic)." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.3.pov.

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The Human Tissue Act 1982 (Vic) has recently been amended by the Human Tissue Amendment Act 2020(Vic). In an effort to better reflect the modern practice of organ donation, the intention of the amendment is to include a process for the authorisation of ante-mortem procedures in patients being considered for organ donation after circulatory determination of death(DCDD). As part of this process, the amendment introduces a new requirement for consent for such ante-mortem procedures, and specifies that: A designated officer for a hospital must not give an authority … in respect of a person unless, where the respiration or the circulation of the blood of the person is being maintained by artificial means, two registered medical practitioners, neither of whom is the designated officer and each of whom has been for a period of not less than five years a registered medical practitioner, have each certified in writing — that the practitioner has carried out a clinical examination of the person while the respiration or the circulation of the blood of that person was being maintained by artificial means; and that, in the practitioner’s opinion, at the time of examination, death of the person would occur as a result of the withdrawal of the artificial means of maintaining the respiration or the circulation of the blood of the person.

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36

Sommer, S., P. Linke, O. Pfannkuche, H. Niemann, and T. Treude. "Benthic respiration in a seep habitat dominated by dense beds of ampharetid polychaetes at the Hikurangi Margin (New Zealand)." Marine Geology 272, no. 1-4 (July 2010): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.003.

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Kasa, W., and C. J. Thwaites. "The effects of elevated temperature and humidity on rectal temperature and respiration rate in the New Zealand white rabbit." International Journal of Biometeorology 34, no. 3 (1990): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01048713.

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Kasa, I. W., and C. J. Thwaites. "The effect of infra-red radiation on rectal temperature and respiration rate of unacclimated female new zealand white rabbits." Journal of Thermal Biology 17, no. 6 (November 1992): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(92)90036-f.

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39

Ładniak, Agata. "Artificial skin composites." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio AA – Chemia 73, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/aa.2018.73.1.51-60.

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<p>Skin injuries are a health problem and can lead to serious, significant deterioration in the quality of life and, consequently, even illness and disability. Therefore, after wounding, immediate regeneration of the tissue is necessary to avoid further complications and pathogenesis. Consequently, many wound healing strategies have been developed, leading to the progress in constructing of multifunctional tissue substitutes for the skin, biomembranes, scaffolds and intelligent dressings. The field of science focusing on the creation of the above-mentioned products is tissue engineering (TE). Its main goal is to find a system that is able to replace or be a model that perfectly mimics the form and function of the skin. Research carried out on such constructs is mainly based on the analysis of mechanical properties (porosity, elasticity), as well as the assessment of the impact of individual components on processes related to the formation of new tissue as cell proliferation and differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis - through <em>in vivo</em> studies (using animal models: mice, New Zealand rabbits) and <em>in vitro</em> (most often using mouse fibroblasts - L929). Skin constructions may have potential applications as wound dressings or skin substitutes in cases of severe skin damage.</p>

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LARRAÍN, JUAN, MATT VON KONRAT, LAN-HUONG NGUYEN, BENJAMIN E. CARTER, BLANKA AGUERO, MEREIA TABUA, and LOUIS THOUVENOT. "Unveiling the enigmatic and ambiguous: A new Frullania species from New Caledonia." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 40, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.40.2.8.

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Frullania is a large and taxonomically complex genus with over 300 accepted species. A new liverwort species, Frullania thouvenotiana sp. nov. from New Caledonia, is described and illustrated. The new species, and its placement in Frullania subg. Microfrullania, is based on morphology with support from previously published sequence data. Diagnostic characters associated with the leaf, especially the leaf margin, distinguishes it from all other species of Frullania, including similar species with a distribution comprising Fiji and New Zealand. A brief comparison is made with morphologically allied species, and an artificial key is provided. Frullania neocaledonica is also proposed to be a synonym of F. chevalieri.

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Kelliher, F. M., J. R. Sedcole, R. F. Minchin, Y. Wan, L. M. Condron, T. J. Clough, and R. Bol. "Soil microbial respiration responses to repeated urea applications in three grasslands." Soil Research 43, no. 8 (2005): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05068.

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Grazing animals excrete urine and create transitorily high pH, nitrogen (N)-replete soil patches. Beneath grazed pasture, we postulated the soil microbial community would be highly responsive to N application. Lesser responses were expected of soils beneath grassland without grazing animals. Soil samples were collected near Lincoln, New Zealand (43.6°S, 172.5°E), beneath pasture regularly grazed by dairy cattle, an adjacent pasture set aside from grazing 20 years ago, and a nearby grassland that has never been grazed. Soil microbial respiration responses to repeated urea (500 kg N/ha) applications were determined by laboratory incubation experiments and the soil pH and water-soluble C content were also measured. The first application induced 0.13 ± 0.04 (dairy farm), 0.15 ± 0.05 (set aside), and 0.20 ± 0.04 (ungrazed) g C/kg increases in microbial respiration over 9 days, excluding carbon dioxide production from carbonate hydrolysis. After a second application, 9-day respiration increased by 0.26 ± 0.04 (dairy farm), 0.41 ± 0.04 (set aside) and 0.20 ± 0.07 (ungrazed) g C/kg. For the dairy farm and ungrazed soils, the microbial communities responded differently to repeated urea addition. The responses included transitory changes in pH and reflected the limited amounts of readily decomposable organic matter.

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Weese-Mayer, D. E., L. M. Klemka, R. T. Brouillette, and C. E. Hunt. "Effects of almitrine on respiration in unanesthetized newborn rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.2.817.

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We previously demonstrated that almitrine, a peripheral chemoreceptor stimulant, increased tidal volume (VT), expired minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory frequency (f) and decreased inspiratory (TI) and expiratory time (TE) in sleeping adult cats. We now hypothesized that almitrine would induce an increase in ventilation in a young animal model. Respiration was studied by the barometric method in 11 unanesthetized New Zealand White rabbit pups between 3 and 6 days of age. Recordings were made in 0.21 FIO2 at base line and after cumulative intraperitoneal infusions of almitrine (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg). The chamber pressure deflection (proportional to VT after appropriate calculation) was computer sampled at 200 Hz. At least 100 breaths for each dose in each animal were analyzed. We found that a 7.5-mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of almitrine increased f to 135 +/- 9% (SE) of base line and decreased TE and TI to 72 +/- 8% and 79 +/- 8% of base line, respectively. Changes in VE, VT/TI, and VT were not significant. Recognizing that apnea is associated with inadequate ventilation and a prolonged TE (failure of the "inspiratory on-switch"), these results, particularly the increase in f and decrease in TE, suggest that almitrine might be useful in treating apnea in preterm infants.

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Leduc, Daniel, and Conrad A. Pilditch. "Estimating the effect of burrowing shrimp on deep-sea sediment community oxygen consumption." PeerJ 5 (May 11, 2017): e3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3309.

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Sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) is a proxy for organic matter processing and thus provides a useful proxy of benthic ecosystem function. Oxygen uptake in deep-sea sediments is mainly driven by bacteria, and the direct contribution of benthic macro- and mega-infauna respiration is thought to be relatively modest. However, the main contribution of infaunal organisms to benthic respiration, particularly large burrowing organisms, is likely to be indirect and mainly driven by processes such as feeding and bioturbation that stimulate bacterial metabolism and promote the chemical oxidation of reduced solutes. Here, we estimate the direct and indirect contributions of burrowing shrimp (Eucalastacus cf. torbeni) to sediment community oxygen consumption based on incubations of sediment cores from 490 m depth on the continental slope of New Zealand. Results indicate that the presence of one shrimp in the sediment is responsible for an oxygen uptake rate of about 40 µmol d−1, only 1% of which is estimated to be due to shrimp respiration. We estimate that the presence of ten burrowing shrimp m−2 of seabed would lead to an oxygen uptake comparable to current estimates of macro-infaunal community respiration on Chatham Rise based on allometric equations, and would increase total sediment community oxygen uptake by 14% compared to sediment without shrimp. Our findings suggest that oxygen consumption mediated by burrowing shrimp may be substantial in continental slope ecosystems.

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Boothroyd, I. K. G., and B. N. Dickie. "Macroinvertebrate drift and community colonisation on perspex artificial substrates in the Ohinemuri River, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 25, no. 2 (June 1991): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1991.9516467.

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Whitehead, N. E., R. G. Ditchburn, W. J. McCabe, W. J. Mason, J. Irwin, R. A. Pickrill, and G. R. Fish. "Application of natural and artificial fallout radionuclides to determining sedimentation rates in New Zealand lakes." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32, no. 3 (September 1998): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1998.9516838.

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Smith, Des H. V., Deborah J. Wilson, Henrik Moller, and Elaine C. Murphy. "Using artificial nests to explore predation by introduced predators inhabiting alpine areas in New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 35, no. 2 (January 2008): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014220809510109.

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47

Chatterjee, Bikram, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Grantley Taylor, and Brian West. "Political competition and debt: evidence from New Zealand local governments." Accounting Research Journal 32, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 344–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2016-0146.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the amount of local governments’ debt can be predicted by the level of political competition. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the artificial neural network (ANN) to test whether ANN can “learn” from the observed data and make reliable out-of-sample predictions of the target variable value (i.e. a local government’s debt level) for given values of the predictor variables. An ANN is a non-parametric prediction tool, that is, not susceptible to the common limitations of regression-based parametric forecasting models, e.g. multi-collinearity and latent non-linear relations. Findings The study finds that “political competition” is a useful predictor of a local government’s debt level. Moreover, a positive relationship between political competition and debt level is indicated, i.e. increases in political competition typically leads to increases in a local government’s level of debt. Originality/value The study contributes to public sector reporting literature by investigating whether public debt levels can be predicted on the basis of political competition while discounting factors such as “political ideology” and “fragmentation”. The findings of the study are consistent with the expectations posited by public choice theory and have implications for public sector auditing, policy and reporting standards, particularly in terms of minimising potential political opportunism.

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Wu, Shengchao, Jian-Min Zhang, and Rui Wang. "Machine learning method for CPTu based 3D stratification of New Zealand geotechnical database sites." Advanced Engineering Informatics 50 (October 2021): 101397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2021.101397.

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McLean, K. L., G. E. Harper, C. M. Frampton, and A. Stewart. "Dormancy of Sclerotium cepivorum sclerotia in New Zealand soils." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4288.

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Sclerotium cepivorum sclerotia require incubation in soil to overcome constitutive dormancy a condition where the sclerotia will not germinate even when stimulated In Trial 1 artificial onion extract diallyl disulphide (DADS) was used to stimulate sclerotial germination of laboratory produced sclerotia after 1 2 and 3 month conditioning periods when incubated in two different soil types The results showed that soil type and fungal isolate did not affect dormancy and that approximately 16 33 and 21 of the sclerotia germinated after 1 2 and 3 month conditioning periods respectively In Trial 2 DADS significantly increased sclerotial germination compared with the control after 2 3 4 5 and 6 month conditioning periods Sclerotia required 6 months in soil before high rates of germination occurred (>89) when stimulated When a natural population of sclerotia (8 weeks old) (Trial 3) was exposed to DADS 51 of the population germinated compared with 21 in the control (Plt;0001)

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Guy, P. L. "Viruses of New Zealand pasture grasses and legumes: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 9 (2014): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14017.

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This article reviews knowledge of 23 plant viruses infecting pasture grasses and legumes in New Zealand. The incidence, ecology and impact of each virus and prospects for control using natural or artificial resistance genes or by vector control is discussed. The most prevalent viruses are Alfalfa mosaic virus and White clover mosaic virus in pasture legumes and Cocksfoot mottle virus, Ryegrass mosaic virus and Barley yellow dwarf virus in pasture grasses. Lucerne Australian latent virus is restricted to the North Island and Red clover necrotic mosaic virus is largely restricted to the South Island. These patterns are likely to be dynamic with ongoing changes in weather patterns, land use, the spread of insect vectors and the continuing introduction of viruses and vectors. The existing and potential threats to 12 pasture species are tabulated and the knowledge gaps for each species highlighted. Control of vectors including aphids, eriophyid mites and soil-borne fungi is probably not economic per se but could be an additional benefit of integrated pest management in pasture and cropping systems. The most cost-effective and practical preventative measures are likely to be the use of virus-tested seed to establish new pastures and the incorporation of resistance genes by conventional breeding or by genetic engineering. Finally, recommendations are made for future research for New Zealand, which is also relevant to other temperate regions of the world.

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