Academic literature on the topic 'Artificial organs'

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Journal articles on the topic "Artificial organs"

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MURAYAMA, KEN. "Artificial Organs." Sen'i Gakkaishi 46, no. 1 (1990): P18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.p18.

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Catapano, Gerardo, and Gijsbertus Jacob Verkerke. "Artificial Organs." International Journal of Biomaterials Research and Engineering 1, no. 2 (July 2011): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbre.2011070104.

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The market of tools, devices, and processes for medical treatments and diagnosis has been growing at a very fast pace, driven by the multi-disciplinary development of integrated innovative technologies. In this article, the way artificial organs design is currently taught is analyzed and discussed relative to the evolution of the methods of artificial organs design as substitution of physical and metabolic bodily functions. Particular attention is devoted to the evolution from empirical attempts at providing generic replacement of a single mechanical function to a more systematic multi-purpose approach that increasingly accounts for biological issues. As a result, at the forefront of research, the paradigm is shifting from mechanical/electronic prostheses towards the development in vitro of tissue engineered organs/tissues, where the artificial part is fully integrated with the biological counterpart. Personalized solutions for each patient rather than a generic solution good for all patients are also sought.
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Catapano, Gerardo, and Gijsbertus Jacob Verkerke. "Artificial Organs." International Journal of Biomaterials Research and Engineering 1, no. 2 (June 2011): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbre.2013070104.

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Miller, Gerald E. "Artificial Organs." Synthesis Lectures on Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00023ed1v01y200604bme004.

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Chang, Thomas Ming Swi. "ARTIFICIAL CELLS FOR ARTIFICIAL ORGANS*." Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology 30, no. 5-6 (January 2002): 469–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/bio-120016529.

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Lysaght, Michael J., and Clark K. Colton. "Biohybrid Artificial Organs." ASAIO Journal 38, no. 1 (January 1992): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-199201000-00004.

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Chang, Thomas Ming Swi. "Hybrid Artificial Organs." Artificial Organs 4, no. 4 (November 12, 2008): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1980.tb01861.x.

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Nosenko, M. A., M. S. Drutskaya, M. M. Moisenovich, and S. A. Nedospasov. "Bioengineering of Artificial Lymphoid Organs." Acta Naturae 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2016-8-2-10-23.

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This review addresses the issue of bioengineering of artificial lymphoid organs.Progress in this field may help to better understand the nature of the structure-function relations that exist in immune organs. Artifical lymphoid organs may also be advantageous in the therapy or correction of immunodefficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The structural organization, development, and function of lymphoid tissue are analyzed with a focus on the role of intercellular contacts and on the cytokine signaling pathways regulating these processes. We describe various polymeric materials, as scaffolds, for artificial tissue engineering. Finally, published studies in which artificial lymphoid organs were generated are reviewed and possible future directions in the field are discussed.
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IMACHI, Kou. "The Future Artificial Organs : Conversion of the Conception in the Artificial Organs : (Artificial Organs Development and Mechanical Engineering)." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 92, no. 844 (1989): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.92.844_196.

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Polenakovic, Momir H. "A Scientific Symposium “Artificial Organs Today: From in Vitro Assessment to Human Therapies” on the Occasion of the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts." PRILOZI 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2020-0050.

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AbstractOn the occasion of the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MASA) the Macedonian Society of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Artificial Organs (MSNDTAO) organized a one day symposium titled: “Artificial Organs Today: From in vitro assessment to human therapies”, on September 28, 2007 at the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The following sessions were held: Artificial Organs in Front of the Ageing Populations; System Requirements for Artificial Organ Technology; Tools for Artificial Organ Technology; Extracorporeal Blood Circuits in Organ Replacement Therapies; Treatment Options for Blood Purification Therapies. Presentation were delivered by: Horst Klinkmann, Germany; Jörg Vienken, Germany; Jens Hartmann, Austria; Udo Losert, Austria; Jan Wojcicki, Poland; Helmut Mann and Siegfried Stiller, Germany; Beat Walpoth, Switzerland; Juan F. del Cañizo, Spain; Borce Georgievski, Macedonia; Bernd Stegmayr, Sweden; Momir Polenakovic, Macedonia; Petar Kes, Croatia; Aleksandar Sikole, Macedonia; Wolfgang Ramlow, Germany; Dieter Falkenhagen, Austria. These meetings are significant for the application and development of the artificial organs in patients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artificial organs"

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Yung, Chong Wing. "Tissue and metabolic engineering of biohybrid artificial organs." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3226.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005
Thesis research directed by: Chemical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hamadicharef, Brahim. "Artificial intelligence-based approach to modelling of pipe organs." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1694.

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The aim of the project was to develop a new Artificial Intelligence-based method to aid modeling of musical instruments and sound design. Despite significant advances in music technology, sound design and synthesis of complex musical instruments is still time consuming, error prone and requires expert understanding of the instrument attributes and significant expertise to produce high quality synthesised sounds to meet the needs of musicians and musical instrument builders. Artificial Intelligence (Al) offers an effective means of capturing this expertise and for handling the imprecision and uncertainty inherent in audio knowledge and data. This thesis presents new techniques to capture and exploit audio expertise, following extended knowledge elicitation with two renowned music technologist/audio experts, developed and embodied into an intelligent audio system. The Al combined with perceptual auditory modeling ba.sed techniques (ITU-R BS 1387) make a generic modeling framework providing a robust methodology for sound synthesis parameters optimisation with objective prediction of sound synthesis quality. The evaluation, carried out using typical pipe organ sounds, has shown that the intelligent audio system can automatically design sounds judged by the experts to be of very good quality, while significantly reducing the expert's work-load by up to a factor of three and need for extensive subjective tests. This research work, the first initiative to capture explicitly knowledge from audio experts for sound design, represents an important contribution for future design of electronic musical instruments based on perceptual sound quality will help to develop a new sound quality index for benchmarking sound synthesis techniques and serve as a research framework for modeling of a wide range of musical instruments.
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Xiang, Lina. "The development of artificial artery and artificial uterus from the peritoneal-derived tissue capsule /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18118.pdf.

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Benson, Jimetria Patrice. "Towards the development of a bioartificial pancreas : alginate bead stability and prolonged function of immunoisolated insulinomas." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11297.

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Robertson, Lesley M. "Blood compatibility of modified biomaterials : application of selected in vitro and ex vivo procedures." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481548.

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Smith, Antony Christopher Jonathan. "The development of novel membranes for use in biohybrid artificial organs." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424344.

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Blessing, Victoria Myriam Patricia. "User innovation of medical technologies in a developing country setting : the case of lower limb prostheses in Malawi." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54506/.

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As is well known, users can make significant contributions to innovations, including innovating themselves. However, much work on user innovation has focussed on developed countries. The question remains whether and how users innovate in a developing country setting. Bodies of literature that explicitly consider innovations in such settings emphasise the influence of limitations. This thesis therefore investigates how limitations shape the creation and sharing of innovations by users. This issue is analysed for medical technologies, because these can have different user groups, including patients, who have been little focussed on, even in developed countries. In this setting, a focus on innovation as defined relatively inclusively is most suitable, and therefore the term 'changes' is often used rather than 'innovations' to express this inclusiveness. By comparing the changes made to the same kind of technology by different groups of users in different settings with different limitations, the influence of these limitations can be analysed. Therefore, data were collected on changes made by patients as well as orthopaedic technicians to lower limb prostheses in two orthopaedic centres in Malawi. First, observations were conducted of the production process for prostheses, followed by semi-structured interviews with orthopaedic technicians and patients, and with additional experts to understand the broader context. It was found that patients and orthopaedic technicians did make many changes. Three kinds of limitations were identified, that influence these changes by users. Like users in developed countries, patients and orthopaedic technicians make these changes to fulfil their needs because available products and services are not satisfactory. Limitations both restrict what products and services are available to users, and also influence the characteristics of the creation and sharing of changes by users. Many users reported on efforts to share their changes with others despite the limitations, often due to a sense of professional collegiality and solidarity. In summary, limitations help to explain how changes by users occur in developing countries, but also how any accumulation of such changes users make is restricted. Improving this situation could help less developed countries in making better use of any user innovations that do occur, and thus contribute to their development more generally.
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Novello, Waldyr Parolari. "Dispositivo para oxigenação e remoção de dioxido de carbono do sangue, em circuitos de circulação extracorporea." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/262920.

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Orientadores: Antonio Celso Fonseca de Arruda e Adolfo Alberto Leirner
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T17:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Novello_WaldyrParolari_D.pdf: 6415622 bytes, checksum: 6e55b3be14643df35b02ad69af0fd66b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: O presente trabalho refere-se ao projeto, construção e avaliação de um dispositivo capaz de oxigenar e remover o dióxido de carbono do sangue durante circulação extracorpórea em operações cardíacas ou em procedimentos de suporte pulmonar. O funcionamento do dispositivo baseia-se na exposição de finas camadas de sangue a uma região com alta concentração de oxigênio. Nele, o sangue que passa por um reservatório cilíndrico, disposto horizontalmente, é exposto ao oxigênio através da rotação de discos imersos no sangue e fixos a um eixo central. A avaliação foi realizada através de testes "in vitro" e "in vivo" onde foram analisados parâmetros como: transferência gasosa, hemólise, gradiente de pressão, redução do número de plaquetas, volume interno e eficiência dos sistemas de controle de gases desenvolvidos. Através do estudo dos parâmetros construtivos e operacionais foi possível obter um dispositivo em condições seguras de utilização com fluxos de sangue de até 1,5 L/min. O oxigenador desenvolvido agrega as principais vantagens dos oxigenadores de bolhas e de membrana, sendo estes os dois tipos de oxigenadores atualmente mais utilizados nos centros cirúrgicos do mundo. Estas vantagens estão relacionadas com a eficiência, recursos operacionais, segurança quanto a vazamentos, custo e lesão aos constituintes sangüíneos
Abstract: This paper presents the design, construction and evaluation of a device capable of oxygenating and removing the carbon dioxide fTom the blood during cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass or in pulmonary support procedures. The device works based on the exposure of thin layers of blood to a higWyoxygen concentrated region. Blood flows through a horizontally set cylindricalreservoir exposed to oxygen by the rotation ofblood immersed discs fixed to a central axis. Evaluation was performed by "in vitro" and "in vivo" tests where gas transfer, hemolysis, pressure drop, platelets number, priming volume and efficiency of developed gas control system were analyzed. The study of the design and operational parameters yielded a device with safe conditions ofuse with blood flows up to 1.5 L/min. The developed device has the main advantages of the two types of blood oxygenators presently used in the world regarding to efficiency, operational resources, leakage safety and trauma to blood elements
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Tziampazis, Evangelos. "Engineering functional, insulin-secreting cell systems : effect of entrapment on cellular environment and secretory response." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10026.

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Cam, Doruk. "Understanding the role and improving the properties of a protective barrier membrane for a bioartificial pancreas." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11309.

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Books on the topic "Artificial organs"

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Miller, Gerald E. Artificial Organs. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01611-0.

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Hakim, Nadey S., ed. Artificial Organs. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2.

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Presnall, Judith Janda. Artificial organs. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1996.

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P, Paul J., ed. Biomaterials in artificial organs. Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH, 1985.

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Hasan, Anwarul, ed. Tissue Engineering for Artificial Organs. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527689934.

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1937-, Bronzino Joseph D., ed. Tissue engineering and artificial organs. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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1932-, Nosé Yukihiko, Kjellstrand Carl M. 1936-, Ivanovich P, and International Society for Artificial Organs. World Congress, eds. Progress in artificial organs, 1985. Cleveland: ISAO Press, 1986.

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Bronzino, Joseph D. Tissue engineering and artificial organs. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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author, Goyal Vijay K., ed. Biomechanics of artificial organs and prostheses. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2014.

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Pal, Subrata. Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6255-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Artificial organs"

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Duguet, Anne-Marie. "Artificial Organs." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 176–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09483-0_27.

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Duguet, Anne-Marie. "Artificial Organs." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_27-1.

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Papaioannou, Theodore G. "Artificial Organs." In Series in BioEngineering, 247–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5092-3_12.

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ten Have, Henk, and Maria do Céu Patrão Neves. "Artificial Organs." In Dictionary of Global Bioethics, 135. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54161-3_64.

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Obichere, Austin, and Ibnauf Suliman. "Artificial Sphincters." In Artificial Organs, 107–32. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_7.

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Mulholland, John. "Artificial Circulatory Support." In Artificial Organs, 21–37. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_2.

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Kirwan, Christopher, and Andrew Frankel. "The Artificial Kidney." In Artificial Organs, 39–55. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_3.

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Devile, Michael, Parind Patel, and Carlos Mh Gómez. "Management of Multiorgan Failure After Artificial Organ Implantation." In Artificial Organs, 1–19. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_1.

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Owen, Earl R., and Nadey S. Hakim. "Composite Tissue Transplantation: A Stage Between Surgical Reconstruction and Cloning." In Artificial Organs, 165–77. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_10.

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Sen, Sambit, and Roger Williams. "Liver Substitution." In Artificial Organs, 57–76. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-283-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Artificial organs"

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Cai, Yang, and Talia Perez. "Haptic Perception with Artificial Tissues." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004632.

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Haptic perception is critical in Minimally Invasive Surgeries (MIS) such as laparoscopic and robotic procedures in which the field of view is limited and the haptic force feedback is distorted or not available. Alternative haptic feedback is rendered by visual elements such as forced tissue deformation or using physical haptic interfaces with augmented reality. These approaches normally need additional training, add-on devices, and maintenance. In this study, we investigate an affordable method for creating a multimodal training simulator that integrates augmented reality (AR), extended reality (XR), and realistic artificial tissues from available human CT data. For the physical artificial tissues our objectives are threefold: first, to objectively measure tissue or organ hardness using a durometer in Shore Units (SU); second, to efficiently produce tissues and organs based on reference SU values and CT data; and third, to create specialized tissues. Additionally, we aim to arrange organs and tissues according to CT data, exemplified by forming the Calot Triangle for cholecystectomy surgery training. Finally, experienced surgeons tested the artificial tissues and organs inside the realistic cavity for basic surgical operation and provided professional feedback.
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Lv, Pan, Yiqi Li, Hong Li, Guoqing Yang, and Kailai Shao. "Optimization Methods of Operating System for Artificial Organs." In 2019 International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ithings/greencom/cpscom/smartdata.2019.00057.

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Catapano, Gerardo. "Artificial organs design: Towards the integration of disciplines." In 2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2011.5752096.

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Ajeti, Liridona. "Challenges in Medical Robotics, Prosthetics and Artificial Organs." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.333.

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Haji-Maghsoudi, Omid, Alireza Talebpour, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, and Navid Haji-maghsoodi. "Automatic organs' detection in WCE." In 2012 16th CSI International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aisp.2012.6313729.

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Farina, Gabriele, John P. Dickerson, and Tuomas Sandholm. "Operation Frames and Clubs in Kidney Exchange." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/29.

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A kidney exchange is a centrally-administered barter market where patients swap their willing yet incompatible donors. Modern kidney exchanges use 2-cycles, 3-cycles, and chains initiated by non-directed donors (altruists who are willing to give a kidney to anyone) as the means for swapping. We propose significant generalizations to kidney exchange. We allow more than one donor to donate in exchange for their desired patient receiving a kidney. We also allow for the possibility of a donor willing to donate if any of a number of patients receive kidneys. Furthermore, we combine these notions and generalize them. The generalization is to exchange among organ clubs, where a club is willing to donate organs outside the club if and only if the club receives organs from outside the club according to given specifications. We prove that unlike in the standard model, the uncapped clearing problem is NP-complete. We also present the notion of operation frames that can be used to sequence the operations across batches, and present integer programming formulations for the market clearing problems for these new types of organ exchanges. Experiments show that in the single-donation setting, operation frames improve planning by 34% - 51%. Allowing up to two donors to donate in exchange for one kidney donated to their designated patient yields a further increase in social welfare.
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Jones, Erick C., Maurice Cavitt, and Dejing Kong. "Manufacturing feasibility evaluation of RFID chips embedded in artificial organs." In 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5656309.

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Campadelli, Paola, Elena Casiraghi, and Stella Pratissoli. "Automatic Segmentation of Abdominal Organs from CT Scans." In 19th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence(ICTAI 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2007.13.

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YAMBE, TOMOYUKI. "DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ARTIFICIAL INTERNAL ORGANS BASED ON THE NANO TECHNOLOGY." In Proceedings of the Tohoku University Global Centre of Excellence Programme. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848169067_0065.

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Stelzle, Martin. "From bioseparation to artificial micro-organs: microfluidic chip based particle manipulation techniques." In MOEMS-MEMS, edited by Holger Becker and Wanjun Wang. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.840617.

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Reports on the topic "Artificial organs"

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Davisson, M. L. Isotope tracers of organic carbon during artificial recharge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/645065.

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Singh, Anjali. Amino Acids: Building Blocks of Proteins. ConductScience, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220612.

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Amino acids are essential organic compounds serving as protein building blocks. Recognized for their biological roles, they underpin proteins' structure and interactions. Classified by polarity and nutritional necessity, essential amino acids, not synthesized by the body, include histidine, leucine, lysine, and more, while non-essential ones are produced internally. These molecules exhibit diverse functions, from neurotransmitter precursor synthesis to immune support. Industries leverage amino acids in animal feed, artificial sweeteners, flavor enhancers, and drug manufacturing, highlighting their vital role in various applications beyond biological systems.
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Kuchler, Fred, Megan Sweitzer, and Carolyn Chelius. prevalence of the "natural" claim on food product packaging. Washington, D.C.: USDA Economic Research Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8023700.ers.

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U.S. food suppliers make claims about their production processes on food packaging that highlight attributes some consumers want while charging a higher price than for unlabeled products. Some labels use such claims as "USDA Organic" and "raised without antibiotics," which require different and more expensive production techniques than conventional agriculture. However, food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is "natural" at a relatively low cost because regulatory agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and the product was minimally processed. Numerous consumer food choice studies concluded that consumers equate the natural label on food with healthier food choices and more costly production practices that signify environmental stewardship. Informed by these previous studies' findings, the authors of this report estimate the frequency with which food suppliers make the natural claim on food packaging labels. Estimates are based on scanner data and comprehensive label data. Across all foods in 2018, 16.3 percent of retail food expenditures and 16.9 percent of all items purchased (unit sales) were for foods labeled natural, whereas 11.0 percent of Universal Product Codes (UPC) in stores were labeled natural on the packaging. Expenditures for food labeled natural were larger than expenditures for foods labeled USDA Organic. Natural labels were found predominately on processed products. For example, 95.6 percent of expenditures for vitamins and meal supplements were for products labeled natural, compared with 0.5 percent of expenditures for potatoes
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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.

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The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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5

Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien, and Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.
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