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1

Zhao, Yuanyuan, Jin Wang, Xiang-Yu Kong, Weiwen Xin, Teng Zhou, Yongchao Qian, Linsen Yang, Jinhui Pang, Lei Jiang, and Liping Wen. "Robust sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) nanochannels for high-performance osmotic energy conversion." National Science Review 7, no. 8 (April 2, 2020): 1349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa057.

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Abstract The membrane-based reverse electrodialysis (RED) technique has a fundamental role in harvesting clean and sustainable osmotic energy existing in the salinity gradient. However, the current designs of membranes cannot cope with the high output power density and robustness. Here, we construct a sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) nanochannel membrane with numerous nanochannels for a membrane-based osmotic power generator. The parallel nanochannels with high space charges show excellent cation-selectivity, which could further be improved by adjusting the length and charge density of nanochannels. Based on numerical simulation, the system with space charge shows better conductivity and selectivity than those of a surface-charged nanochannel. The output power density of our proposed membrane-based device reaches up to 5.8 W/m2 by mixing artificial seawater and river water. Additionally, the SPEEK membranes exhibit good mechanical properties, endowing the possibility of creating a high-endurance scale-up membrane-based generator system. We believe that this work provides useful insights into material design and fluid transport for the power generator in osmotic energy conversion.
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Liu, Jie, Tao Zhang, and Shuyu Sun. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ion Transport through Protein Nanochannels in Peritoneal Dialysis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 12 (June 13, 2023): 10074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210074.

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In recent decades, the development of dialysis techniques has greatly improved the survival rate of renal failure patients, and peritoneal dialysis is gradually showing dominance over hemodialysis. This method relies on the abundant membrane proteins in the peritoneum, avoiding the use of artificial semipermeable membranes, and the ion fluid transport is partly controlled by the protein nanochannels. Hence, this study investigated ion transport in these nanochannels by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and an MD Monte Carlo (MDMC) algorithm for a generalized protein nanochannel model and a saline fluid environment. The spatial distribution of ions was determined via MD simulations, and it agreed with that modeled via the MDMC method; the effects of simulation duration and external electronic fields were also explored to validate the MDMC algorithm. The specific atomic sequence within a nanochannel was visualized, which was the rare transport state during the ion transport process. The residence time was assessed through both methods to represent the involved dynamic process, and its values showed the temporal sequential order of different components in the nanochannel as follows: H2O > Na+ > Cl−. The accurate prediction using the MDMC method of the spatial and temporal properties proves its suitability to handle ion transport problems in protein nanochannels.
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Kaya, Dila, Vanina M. Cayón, Christina Trautmann, and Maria Eugenia Toimil Molares. "Biosensing with Tailored Track-Etched Nanochannels." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 57 (December 22, 2023): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02572785mtgabs.

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Inspired by the high sensitivity, efficiency and selectivity of biological ion channels, the development of solid-state nanochannel sensors has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research in the last years. Many researchers worldwide have concentrated their efforts on the development of artificial nanochannels that can mimic the features of biological ion channels. These synthetic nanostructures are based on abiotic materials which provide higher robustness, thermal stability, chemical versatility and mechanical resistance than their biological counterparts. Furthermore, synthetic nanochannels and specific surface functionalization strategies have enabled fine control over the geometry and charge distribution which yielded the ability to manipulate the flux of ions through the channel. This gave rise to the formation of nanochannel-based platforms with applications in (bio)sensing as well as other fields. The development of chemical- and biosensors requires a combination of reliable nanofabrication techniques and versatile surface modification strategies, which render high sensitivity and high selectivity, respectively [1]. Tailored single polymer nanochannels are routinely fabricated by ion-track nanotechnology. Polymer films are first irradiated with individual swift heavy ions at the GSI UNILAC accelerator. Each ion generates a highly localized cylindrical damage zone along its trajectory. These so-called ion tracks are subsequently dissolved and enlarged in a chemical etching process. By selecting suitable etching conditions, geometry (cylindrical, conical or bullet-like) and size of the nanochannels can be adjusted. The nanochannel surface can then be functionalized by means of different chemical strategies to enhance the sensing capabilities. There are two main nanochannel sensing techniques, ion current rectification (ICR) and resistive-pulse sensing (RPS). Both are affected by the geometry and surface charge of the nanochannel and based on measuring the change in ion current flowing through the channel induced by the chosen analyte [2]. In both approaches, the presence of a target analyte triggers a variation in the physicochemical properties of the channel which can be related to measurable changes in the transmembrane current, and is proportional to the analyte concentration. In this contribution, we will present nanochannel sensing platforms based on several single polymer channels fabricated by ion-track nanotechnology and a selection of surface functionalization strategies applied to the nanochannels. We will then discuss selected examples recently obtained with these tailored functionalized nanochannels and demonstrate selective and sensitive sensing applications based on both the ICR and RPS phenomena. [1] Toum Terrones, Y., Cayón, V. M., Laucirica, G., Cortez, M. L., Toimil-Molares, M. E., Trautmann, C., ... & Azzaroni, O. (2022). Ion Track-Based Nanofluidic Biosensors. In Miniaturized Biosensing Devices: Fabrication and Applications (pp. 57-81). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. [2] Kaya, D., & Keçeci, K. (2020). Track-etched nanoporous polymer membranes as sensors: A review. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(3), 037543.
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Shen, Yigang, Xin Wang, Jinmei Lei, Shuli Wang, Yaqi Hou, and Xu Hou. "Catalytic confinement effects in nanochannels: from biological synthesis to chemical engineering." Nanoscale Advances 4, no. 6 (2022): 1517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2na00021k.

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The minireview summarizes the latest progress on catalytic confinement effects associated with biological synthesis in bio-nanochannels and catalytic reactions in artificial nanochannels in chemical engineering.
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Yang, Lingling, Kuanzhi Qu, Junli Guo, Huijie Xu, Zhenqing Dai, Zhi-Da Gao, and Yan-Yan Song. "Asymmetric coupling of Au nanospheres on TiO2 nanochannel membranes for NIR-gated artificial ionic nanochannels." Chemical Communications 55, no. 97 (2019): 14625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc08317k.

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Au nanospheres are selectively formed at one tip of TiO2 nanochannels by combining a photocatalytic reaction with limited penetration of light. The closed–open switching behavior of the temperature-responsive polymer is achieved under NIR irradiation.
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Han, Cuiping, Xu Hou, Huacheng Zhang, Wei Guo, Haibing Li, and Lei Jiang. "Enantioselective Recognition in Biomimetic Single Artificial Nanochannels." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 20 (May 25, 2011): 7644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja2004939.

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7

Sutisna, B., G. Polymeropoulos, E. Mygiakis, V. Musteata, K. V. Peinemann, D. M. Smilgies, N. Hadjichristidis, and S. P. Nunes. "Artificial membranes with selective nanochannels for protein transport." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 40 (2016): 6189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01401a.

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Membranes based on poly(styrene-b-4-hydroxystyrene-b-styrene) were prepared with nanochannels for preferential transport of proteins with molecular weight 14.3 kg mol−1 and rejection of neutral polyethylene glycol molecules with molecular size of 10 kg mol−1.
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8

Zhang, Qianqian, Zhaoyue Liu, and Jin Zhai. "Photocurrent generation in a light-harvesting system with multifunctional artificial nanochannels." Chemical Communications 51, no. 61 (2015): 12286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04271b.

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Liu, Shanshan, Rongjie Yang, Xingyu Lin, and Bin Su. "Gated thermoelectric sensation by nanochannels grafted with thermally responsive polymers." Chemical Communications 56, no. 91 (2020): 14291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc06734b.

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10

Hsu, Jyh-Ping, Yu-Min Chen, Chih-Yuan Lin, and Shiojenn Tseng. "Electrokinetic ion transport in an asymmetric double-gated nanochannel with a pH-tunable zwitterionic surface." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 15 (2019): 7773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00266a.

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Bioinspired, artificial functional nanochannels for intelligent molecular and ionic transport control have versatile potential applications in nanofluidics, energy conversion, and controlled drug release.
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Qian, Yongchao, Zhen Zhang, Xiang-Yu Kong, Wei Tian, Liping Wen, and Lei Jiang. "Engineered Artificial Nanochannels for Nitrite Ion Harmless Conversion." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 36 (August 20, 2018): 30852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b09749.

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12

Li, Jianhua, Wen-Bing Xu, Wen-Cheng Yue, Zixiong Yuan, Tan Gao, Ting-Ting Wang, Zhi-Li Xiao, et al. "Writable spin wave nanochannels in an artificial-spin-ice-mediated ferromagnetic thin film." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 13 (March 28, 2022): 132404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085455.

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Magnonics, which employs spin-waves to transmit and process information, is a promising venue for low-power data processing. One of the major challenges is the local control of the spin-wave propagation path. Here, we introduce the concept of writable magnonics by taking advantage of the highly flexible reconfigurability and rewritability of artificial spin ice systems. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that globally switchable spin-wave propagation and locally writable spin-wave nanochannels can be realized in a ferromagnetic thin film underlying an artificial pinwheel spin ice. The rewritable magnonics enabled by reconfigurable spin wave nanochannels provides a unique setting to design programmable magnonic circuits and logic devices for ultra-low power applications.
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13

Hou, Shengnan, Qinqin Wang, Xia Fan, Zhaoyue Liu, and Jin Zhai. "Alumina Membrane with Hour-Glass Shaped Nanochannels: Tunable Ionic Current Rectification Device Modulated by Ions Gradient." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/564694.

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A new alumina membrane with hour-glass shaped nanochannels is reported using the double-side anodization method and the subsequently in situ pore opening procedure, which is applied to develop the tunable ionic current rectification devices that were modulated by ions gradient. By regulating the pH gradient, tunable ionic current rectification properties which are mainly dependent on the asymmetric surface charge density or polarity distribution on the inner walls of the nanochannels can be obtained. The enhanced ionic current rectification properties were presented due to the synergistic effect of the voltage driven ion flow and diffusion driven ion flow with the application of pH and electrolyte concentration gradients. Therefore, such specific alumina nanochannels would be considered as a promising candidate for building bioinspired artificial ion channel systems.
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14

Zeng, Huan, Lang Liu, Caiqin Wu, Chenling Yao, Wenbo Ma, Di Wang, and Jian Wang. "Structural transformation of nanorods in artificial nanochannels: Influence of nanochannel size and mass fraction of homopolymer." Materials Today Chemistry 35 (January 2024): 101860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101860.

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15

Shangguan, Li, Yuanqing Wei, Xu Liu, Jiachao Yu, and Songqin Liu. "Confining a bi-enzyme inside the nanochannels of a porous aluminum oxide membrane for accelerating the enzymatic reactions." Chemical Communications 53, no. 18 (2017): 2673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00300e.

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An artificial metabolon with high conversion efficiency was constructed by confining a bi-enzyme into porous aluminum oxide nanochannels, which accelerated enzymatic reactions by minimizing the diffusion loss of intermediate species.
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Wu, Jing, Xing Wang, Lei Ge, Rui Lv, Fan Zhang, and Zhihong Liu. "Gold nanoparticle integrated artificial nanochannels for label-free detection of peroxynitrite." Chemical Communications 57, no. 29 (2021): 3583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc08410g.

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A label-free method for rapid and highly sensitive detection of ONOO was proposed by employing ABEI@AuNPs integrated nanochannels. This work paves a new way to develop a versatile platform for the detection of different biological small molecules.
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17

Cai, Jiarong, Wei Ma, Changlong Hao, Maozhong Sun, Jun Guo, Liguang Xu, Chuanlai Xu, and Hua Kuang. "Artificial light-triggered smart nanochannels relying on optoionic effects." Chem 7, no. 7 (July 2021): 1802–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.008.

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18

Wang, Miao, and Xu Hou. "Building artificial aligned nanochannels for highly efficient ion transport." Joule 7, no. 2 (February 2023): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.01.012.

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19

Hou, Xu, Huacheng Zhang, and Lei Jiang. "Building Bio-Inspired Artificial Functional Nanochannels: From Symmetric to Asymmetric Modification." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, no. 22 (April 13, 2012): 5296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201104904.

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Hou, Xu, Huacheng Zhang, and Lei Jiang. "ChemInform Abstract: Building Bioinspired Artificial Functional Nanochannels: From Symmetric to Asymmetric Modification." ChemInform 43, no. 34 (July 26, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201234243.

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21

Hou, Guanglei, Dianyu Wang, Kai Xiao, Huacheng Zhang, Shuang Zheng, Pei Li, Ye Tian, and Lei Jiang. "Magnetic Gated Biomimetic Artificial Nanochannels for Controllable Ion Transportation Inspired by Homing Pigeon." Small 14, no. 18 (February 5, 2018): 1703369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703369.

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22

Li, Hui, Joseph S. Francisco, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "Unraveling the mechanism of selective ion transport in hydrophobic subnanometer channels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 35 (August 17, 2015): 10851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513718112.

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Recently reported synthetic organic nanopore (SONP) can mimic a key feature of natural ion channels, i.e., selective ion transport. However, the physical mechanism underlying the K+/Na+ selectivity for the SONPs is dramatically different from that of natural ion channels. To achieve a better understanding of the selective ion transport in hydrophobic subnanometer channels in general and SONPs in particular, we perform a series of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the diffusivity of aqua Na+ and K+ ions in two prototype hydrophobic nanochannels: (i) an SONP with radius of 3.2 Å, and (ii) single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with radii of 3–5 Å (these radii are comparable to those of the biological potassium K+ channels). We find that the hydration shell of aqua Na+ ion is smaller than that of aqua K+ ion but notably more structured and less yielding. The aqua ions do not lower the diffusivity of water molecules in CNTs, but in SONP the diffusivity of aqua ions (Na+ in particular) is strongly suppressed due to the rugged inner surface. Moreover, the aqua Na+ ion requires higher formation energy than aqua K+ ion in the hydrophobic nanochannels. As such, we find that the ion (K+ vs. Na+) selectivity of the (8, 8) CNT is ∼20× higher than that of SONP. Hence, the (8, 8) CNT is likely the most efficient artificial K+ channel due in part to its special interior environment in which Na+ can be fully solvated, whereas K+ cannot. This work provides deeper insights into the physical chemistry behind selective ion transport in nanochannels.
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Ge, Lei, Jing Wu, Caixia Wang, Fan Zhang, and Zhihong Liu. "Engineering artificial switchable nanochannels for selective monitoring of nitric oxide release from living cells." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 169 (December 2020): 112606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112606.

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Hu, Ziying, Qianqian Zhang, Jun Gao, Zhaoyue Liu, Jin Zhai, and Lei Jiang. "Photocatalysis-Triggered Ion Rectification in Artificial Nanochannels Based on Chemically Modified Asymmetric TiO2 Nanotubes." Langmuir 29, no. 15 (April 2, 2013): 4806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la400624p.

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Watanabe, Sho, Vinayak S. Bhat, Korbinian Baumgaertl, and Dirk Grundler. "Direct Observation of Worm‐Like Nanochannels and Emergent Magnon Motifs in Artificial Ferromagnetic Quasicrystals." Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 36 (July 15, 2020): 2001388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202001388.

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Bai, Yurong, Xing Wang, Mei Xiang, Zhiqiang Mao, and Fan Zhang. "Artificial nanochannels for highly selective detection of miRNA based on the HCR signal amplification." Chemical Engineering Journal 488 (May 2024): 150830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.150830.

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Wang, Xiaomei, Yang Chen, Zheyi Meng, Qianqian Zhang, and Jin Zhai. "Effect of Trivalent “Calcium-like” Cations on Ionic Transport Behaviors of Artificial Calcium-Responsive Nanochannels." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 43 (October 8, 2018): 24863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08662.

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Li, Xingya, Huacheng Zhang, Hao Yu, Jun Xia, Yin‐Bo Zhu, Heng‐An Wu, Jue Hou, et al. "Unidirectional and Selective Proton Transport in Artificial Heterostructured Nanochannels with Nano‐to‐Subnano Confined Water Clusters." Advanced Materials 32, no. 24 (May 10, 2020): 2001777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202001777.

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Liu, Yong, Jiahui Fan, Haitang Yang, Ensheng Xu, Wei Wei, Yuanjian Zhang, and Songqin Liu. "Detection of PARP-1 activity based on hyperbranched-poly (ADP-ribose) polymers responsive current in artificial nanochannels." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 113 (August 2018): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.005.

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30

Lin, Jie, Yu-Jia Lv, Lei Han, Kuan Sun, Yan Xiang, Xiao-Xing Xing, and Yu-Tao Li. "A Light-Driven Integrated Bio-Capacitor with Single Nano-Channel Modulation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040592.

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Bioelectronics, an emerging discipline formed by the biology and electronic information disciplines, has maintained a state of rapid development since its birth. Amongst the various functional bioelectronics materials, bacteriorhodopsin (bR), with its directional proton pump function and favorable structural stability properties, has drawn wide attention. The main contents of the paper are as follows: Inspired by the capacitive properties of natural protoplast cell membranes, a new bio-capacitor based on bR and artificial nanochannels was constructed. As a point of innovation, microfluidic chips were integrated into our device as an ion transport channel, which made the bio-capacitor more stable. Meanwhile, a single nanopore structure was integrated to improve the accuracy of the device structure. Experiments observed that the size of the nanopore affected the ion transmission rate. Consequently, by making the single nanopore’s size change, the photocurrent duration time (PDT) of bR was effectively regulated. By using this specific phenomenon, the original transient photocurrent was successfully transformed into a square-like wave.
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Ahadian, Samad, Hiroshi Mizuseki, and Yoshiyuki Kawazoe. "Prediction and analysis of flow behavior of a polymer melt through nanochannels using artificial neural network and statistical methods." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 9, no. 2-3 (December 23, 2009): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-009-0549-8.

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32

Watanabe, Sho, Vinayak S. Bhat, Korbinian Baumgaertl, and Dirk Grundler. "Nanomagnets: Direct Observation of Worm‐Like Nanochannels and Emergent Magnon Motifs in Artificial Ferromagnetic Quasicrystals (Adv. Funct. Mater. 36/2020)." Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 36 (September 2020): 2070244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202070244.

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33

Li, Xu, Yan Jin, Nansong Zhu, and Long Yi Jin. "Applications of Supramolecular Polymers Generated from Pillar[n]arene-Based Molecules." Polymers 15, no. 23 (November 27, 2023): 4543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234543.

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Supramolecular chemistry enables the manipulation of functional components on a molecular scale, facilitating a “bottom-up” approach to govern the sizes and structures of supramolecular materials. Using dynamic non-covalent interactions, supramolecular polymers can create materials with reversible and degradable characteristics and the abilities to self-heal and respond to external stimuli. Pillar[n]arene represents a novel class of macrocyclic hosts, emerging after cyclodextrins, crown ethers, calixarenes, and cucurbiturils. Its significance lies in its distinctive structure, comparing an electron-rich cavity and two finely adjustable rims, which has sparked considerable interest. Furthermore, the straightforward synthesis, uncomplicated functionalization, and remarkable properties of pillar[n]arene based on supramolecular interactions make it an excellent candidate for material construction, particularly in generating interpenetrating supramolecular polymers. Polymers resulting from supramolecular interactions involving pillar[n]arene find potential in various applications, including fluorescence sensors, substance adsorption and separation, catalysis, light-harvesting systems, artificial nanochannels, and drug delivery. In this context, we provide an overview of these recent frontier research fields in the use of pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymers, which serves as a source of inspiration for the creation of innovative functional polymer materials derived from pillar[n]arene derivatives.
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Pfeffermann, Juergen, and Peter Pohl. "Tutorial for Stopped-Flow Water Flux Measurements: Why a Report about “Ultrafast Water Permeation through Nanochannels with a Densely Fluorous Interior Surface” Is Flawed." Biomolecules 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030431.

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Millions of years of evolution have produced proteinaceous water channels (aquaporins) that combine perfect selectivity with a transport rate at the edge of the diffusion limit. However, Itoh et al. recently claimed in Science that artificial channels are 100 times faster and almost as selective. The published deflation kinetics of vesicles containing channels or channel elements indicate otherwise, since they do not demonstrate the facilitation of water transport. In an illustrated tutorial on the experimental basis of stopped-flow measurements, we point out flaws in data processing. In contrast to the assumption voiced in Science, individual vesicles cannot simultaneously shrink with two different kinetics. Moreover, vesicle deflation within the dead time of the instrument cannot be detected. Since flawed reports of ultrafast water channels in Science are not a one-hit-wonder as evidenced by a 2018 commentary by Horner and Pohl in Science, we further discuss the achievable limits of single-channel water permeability. After analyzing (i) diffusion limits for permeation through narrow channels and (ii) hydrodynamics in the surrounding reservoirs, we conclude that it is unlikely to fundamentally exceed the evolutionarily optimized water-channeling performance of the fastest aquaporins while maintaining near-perfect selectivity.
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Zhu, Fei, Guanxing Yang, Manivannan Kalavathi Dhinakaran, Rui Wang, Miaomiao Song, and Haibing Li. "A pyrophosphate-activated nanochannel inspired by a TRP ion channel." Chemical Communications 55, no. 85 (2019): 12833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06615b.

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Wu, I., Dan Zhang, and Xuanjun Zhang. "A Facile Strategy for the Ion Current and Fluorescence Dual-Lock in Detection: Naphthalic Anhydride Azide (NAA)-Modified Biomimetic Nanochannel Sensor towards H2S." Chemosensors 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9110298.

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Inspired by biological channels, the electric signal-based artificial nanochannel system exhibits high sensitivity in various analyses. However, ion current may be affected by many other factors, leading to false-positive signals. For reliable detection, in this work, we apply a facile strategy to combine both current signal and fluorescence. Fluorescent probes were conjugated to the nanochannel surface by covalent bonds. By utilizing the specific reduction of azide groups in the probe to amino groups by H2S, a synchronizing change in fluorescence and nanochannel surface charge was established. As a result, both transmembrane ion current and fluorescence intensity showed significant changes. The photoelectric double-checked locking from temporal and spatial variation validly confirmed the response process and protected detection accuracy. The work may provide new ideas for the development of more sophisticated current and fluorescence dual-index nanochannel systems.
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Zhang, Zhen, Xiang-Yu Kong, Ganhua Xie, Pei Li, Kai Xiao, Liping Wen, and Lei Jiang. "“Uphill” cation transport: A bioinspired photo-driven ion pump." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1600689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600689.

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Biological ion pumps with active ionic transport properties lay the foundation for many life processes. However, few analogs have been produced because extra energy is needed to couple to this “uphill” process. We demonstrate a bioinspired artificial photo-driven ion pump based on a single polyethylene terephthalate conical nanochannel. The pumping process behaving as an inversion of zero-volt current can be realized by applying ultraviolet irradiation from the large opening. The light energy can accelerate the dissociation of the benzoic acid derivative dimers existing on the inner surface of nanochannel, which consequently produces more mobile carboxyl groups. Enhanced electrostatic interaction between the ions traversing the nanochannel and the charged groups on the inner wall is the key reason for the uphill cation transport behavior. This system creates an ideal experimental and theoretical platform for further development and design of various stimuli-driven and specific ion–selective bioinspired ion pumps, which anticipates wide potential applications in biosensing, energy conversion, and desalination.
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Zhang, Qianqian, Xiulin Li, Yang Chen, Qian Zhang, Huixue Liu, Jin Zhai, and Xiaoda Yang. "High-Performance Respiration-Based Biocell Using Artificial Nanochannel Regulation." Advanced Materials 29, no. 24 (April 24, 2017): 1606871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606871.

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Wang, Yuting, and Jin Zhai. "Cell Junction Proteins-Mimetic Artificial Nanochannel System: Basic Logic Gates Implemented by Nanofluidic Diodes." Langmuir 35, no. 8 (January 31, 2019): 3171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03986.

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Höller, Christian, Gabriel Schnoering, Hadi Eghlidi, Maarit Suomalainen, Urs F. Greber, and Dimos Poulikakos. "On-chip transporting arresting and characterizing individual nano-objects in biological ionic liquids." Science Advances 7, no. 27 (July 2021): eabd8758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd8758.

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Understanding and controlling the individual behavior of nanoscopic matter in liquids, the environment in which many such entities are functioning, is both inherently challenging and important to many natural and man-made applications. Here, we transport individual nano-objects, from an assembly in a biological ionic solution, through a nanochannel network and confine them in electrokinetic nanovalves, created by the collaborative effect of an applied ac electric field and a rationally engineered nanotopography, locally amplifying this field. The motion of so-confined fluorescent nano-objects is tracked, and its kinetics provides important information, enabling the determination of their particle diffusion coefficient, hydrodynamic radius, and electrical conductivity, which are elucidated for artificial polystyrene nanospheres and subsequently for sub–100-nm conjugated polymer nanoparticles and adenoviruses. The on-chip, individual nano-object resolution method presented here is a powerful approach to aid research and development in broad application areas such as medicine, chemistry, and biology.
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Yang, Feifeng, Yue Zhu, Congyu Zhang, Ziyan Yang, Jia Yuan, Qing Zhu, and Shushu Ding. "A highly sensitive and selective artificial nanochannel for in situ detection of hydroxyl radicals in single living cell." Analytica Chimica Acta 1235 (December 2022): 340537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2022.340537.

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42

Bustamante, José Omar. "Current concepts in nuclear pore electrophysiologyThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Nucleus: A Cell Within A Cell." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 84, no. 3-4 (March 2006): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y05-096.

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Over 4 decades ago, microelectrode studies of in situ nuclei showed that, under certain conditions, the nuclear envelope (NE) behaves as a barrier opposing the nucleocytoplasmic flow of physiological ions. As the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) of the NE are the only pathways for direct nucleocytoplasmic flow, those experiments implied that the NPCs are capable of restricting ion flow. These early studies validated electrophysiology as a useful approach to quantify some of the mechanisms by which NPCs mediate gene activity and expression. Since electron microscopy (EM) and other non-electrophysiological investigations, showed that the NPC lumen is a nanochannel, the opinion prevailed that the NPC could not oppose the flow of ions and, therefore, that electrophysiological observations resulted from technical artifacts. Consequently, the initial enthusiasm with nuclear electrophysiology faded out in less than a decade. In 1990, nuclear electrophysiology was revisited with patch-clamp, the most powerful electrophysiological technique to date. Patch-clamp has consistently demonstrated that the NE has intrinsic ion channel activity. Direct demonstrations of the NPC on–off ion channel gating behavior were published for artificial conditions in 1995 and for intact living nuclei in 2002. This on–off switching/gating behavior can be interpreted in terms of a metastable energy barrier. In the hope of advancing nuclear electrophysiology, and to complement the other papers contained in this special issue of the journal, here I review some of the main technical, experimental, and theoretical issues of the field, with special focus on NPCs.
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Fürjes, Péter. "Controlled Focused Ion Beam Milling of Composite Solid State Nanopore Arrays for Molecule Sensing." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110774.

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Various nanoscale fabrication techniques are elaborated to form artificial nanoporous/nanochannel membranes to be applied for biosensing: one of the most prevalent is the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) compatible focused ion beam (FIB) milling. This technique can be easily adopted in micro- and nanomachining process sequences to develop composite multi-pore structures, although its precision and reproducibility are key points in the case of these thick multi-layered membranes. This work is to demonstrate a comprehensive characterisation of FIB milling to improve the reliability of the fabrication of solid state nanopore arrays with precisely predetermined pore geometries for a targeted molecule type to be recognised. The statistical geometric features of the fabricated nanopores were recorded as the function of the process parameters, and the resulting geometries were analysed in detail by high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and ion scanning microscopy. Continuous function of the pore diameter evolution rate was derived from the experimental results in the case of different material structures, and compared to former dissentient estimations. The additional metal layer was deposited onto the backside of the membrane and grounded during the ion milling to prevent the electrical charging of dielectric layers. The study proved that the conformity of the pore geometry and the reliability of their fabrication could be improved significantly. The applicability of the developed nanopore arrays for molecule detection was also considered by characterising the pore diameter dependent sensitivity of the membrane impedance modulation based measurement method.
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44

Plyusnin, Nikolay. "Prospects of the nanoelectronic element base of infosystems of autonomous aircraft." Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 11, no. 3 (September 2023): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.11303.

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The ways of creating a nanoelectronic element base (NEB) of Autonomous Air Vehicle (AАV) with small dimen-sions and weight are analyzed. The autonomy of these devices predetermines the principles of building their in-formation systems using artificial intelligence logic, significant memory resources, as well as functionally special-ized and high-speed information processing methods. And the cost restrictions involve the use of practically de-bugged nano- and microtechnologies for optical devices and integrated circuits. In addition, the small volume and weight of AAV necessitate the miniaturization of their NEB. At the same time, the operation of the AAV in various extreme conditions with increased radiation and bursts of the electromagnetic field (for example, in space) is not ruled out. Under these conditions, the semiconductor elements of their electronics are likely to fail. Therefore, in NEB of AAV, it is expedient to switch to nanovacuum-channel transistors (NVCT), which do not have semiconduc-tors (or their role is auxiliary). In NVKT, the nanochannel of electron transfer between the electrodes is replaced by a vacuum one, and the control is carried out by the voltage on the field electrode - the gate. At the same time, the nanoscale length of the gap between the emitter and the collector provides low voltages on the electrodes of the NVKT. In general, replacing a semiconductor with a vacuum can simplify and reduce the cost of transistor technol-ogy, make it more resistant to radiation and high-energy fields, and will allow to reach THz frequencies. And the creation of new types of NVKT (for example, using the control of the electron spin orientation) will increase the per-formance of AAV information transmission and processing tools.
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Quan, Jiaxin, Ying Guo, Junkai Ma, Deqing Long, Jingjing Wang, Liling Zhang, Yong Sun, Manivannan Kalavathi Dhinakaran, and Haibing Li. "Light-responsive nanochannels based on the supramolecular host–guest system." Frontiers in Chemistry 10 (September 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.986908.

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The light-responsive nanochannel of rhodopsin gained wider research interest from its crucial roles in light-induced biological functions, such as visual signal transduction and energy conversion, though its poor stability and susceptibility to inactivation in vitro have limited its exploration. However, the fabrication of artificial nanochannels with the properties of physical stability, controllable structure, and easy functional modification becomes a biomimetic system to study the stimulus-responsive gating properties. Typically, light-responsive molecules of azobenzene (Azo), retinal, and spiropyran were introduced into nanochannels as photo-switches, which can change the inner surface wettability of nanochannels under the influence of light; this ultimately results in the photoresponsive nature of biomimetic nanochannels. Furthermore, the fine-tuning of their stimulus-responsive properties can be achieved through the introduction of host–guest systems generally combined with a non-covalent bond, and the assembling process is reversible. These host–guest systems have been introduced into the nanochannels to form different functions. Based on the host–guest system of light-responsive reversible interaction, it can not only change the internal surface properties of the nanochannel and control the recognition and transmission behaviors but also realize the controlled release of a specific host or guest molecules in the nanochannel. At present, macrocyclic host molecules have been introduced into nanochannels including pillararenes, cyclodextrin (CD), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). They are introduced into the nanochannel through chemical modification or host–guest assemble methods. Based on the changes in the light-responsive structure of azobenzene, spiropyran, retinal, and others with macrocycle host molecules, the surface charge and hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the nanochannel were changed to regulate the ionic and molecular transport. In this study, the development of photoresponsive host and guest-assembled nanochannel systems from design to application is reviewed, and the research prospects and problems of this photo-responsive nanochannel membrane are presented.
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He, Qiang, Mingjie Tao, Wajahat Ali, Xuehong Min, and Yanxi Zhao. "Artificial chiral nanochannels." Supramolecular Chemistry, December 14, 2021, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10610278.2021.1991924.

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47

Lu, Bingxin, Tianliang Xiao, Caili Zhang, Jianwei He, and Jin Zhai. "Fast Ions Transportation in Nanochannel with ATPase‐Like Structure." Small Structures, September 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202300190.

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Ion transport plays an important role in various biological processes because of the ability of ions to move rapidly in biological ion channel‐confined spaces. For example, rapid proton transport in ATPases is attributed to confined channel spaces and conjugated sites. According to molecular dynamics simulations, the confined spaces and conjugated sites in nanochannels can enhance ion transport. Herein, it is demonstrated that the ATPase‐like structures of sulfonic acid‐modified covalent organic framework nanochannels, which promote the formation of highly ordered and continuous water molecular chains and confined spaces, can support ion (H+, Li+, Na+, and K+) transport rates that are an order of magnitude higher than those of bulk water. The ion transport rates in the nanochannel are superior to those in other artificial channels. Moreover, the selectivity of cations in the nanochannel is evaluated using the diffusion potential with a concentration gradient. The simulations and experimental results demonstrate that confined spaces and conjugated sites are crucial for efficient ion transport in nanochannels modified by sulfonic acid groups as cation conductor materials.
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Jiang, Xiaojia, Liang Wang, Shengda Liu, Fei Li, and Junqiu Liu. "Bioinspired artificial nanochannels: construction and application." Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00795a.

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Inspired by nature, this review focuses on the construction and applications of biomimetic artificial nanochannels from the perspective of the relationship between biological channels and artificial nanochannels.
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Gao, Chunfang, Shile Zhong, Zheng Liu, and Changzheng Li. "Electrokinetic Ion Enrichment in Asymmetric Charged Nanochannels." Nanotechnology, May 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/acd7f4.

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Abstract Artificial bionic nanochannels have attracted wide attention and successfully used in various fields. In this work, a novel nanochannel with asymmetric surface charge is proposed to investigate the ion enrichment effect. The results show that the proposed nanochannel has excellent ion enrichment performance and the obtained ion enrichment ratio is up to 1500 when the ion concentration is 0.01 mM, which is much higher than precedent researches typically ranging from tens to hundreds. Besides, we found that the forward voltage bias will produce ions enrichment and the reverse voltage bias will produce ions depletion. The ion enrichment ratio is higher at the larger voltage bias, absolute surface charge density and smaller nanochannel height. In addition, the ion enrichment performance is more sensitive to the change of charged wall length and not sensitive to the change of uncharged wall length. The research report offers important information and instructions for the design and optimum on ion enrichment performance.
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Du, Meng, Xinrong Yan, Nanrong Zhao, Xin Wang, and Dingguo Xu. "Self-Assembly of Rigid Amphiphilic Graft Cyclic-brush Copolymers to Nanochannels Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation." Soft Matter, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sm01674a.

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The synthesis of specific artificial nanochannels remains a formidable challenge in the field of nanomaterials and synthetic chemistry. In particular, the preparation of artificial nanochannels using amphiphilic graft cyclic-brush copolymers...
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