Relevant bibliographies by topics / Artificial muscles

Academic literature on the topic 'Artificial muscles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Artificial muscles"

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Tiwari, Rashi, Michael A. Meller, Karl B. Wajcs, Caris Moses, Ismael Reveles, and Ephrahim Garcia. "Hydraulic artificial muscles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 3 (February 2012): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12438627.

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This article presents hydraulic artificial muscles as a viable alternative to pneumatic artificial muscles. Despite the actuation mechanism being similar to its pneumatic counterpart, hydraulic artificial muscles have not been widely studied. Hydraulic artificial muscles offer all the same advantages of pneumatic artificial muscles, such as compliance, light weight, low maintenance, and low cost, when compared to traditional fluidic cylinder actuators. Muscle characterization in isometric and isobaric conditions are discussed and compared to pneumatic artificial muscles. A quasi-static model incorporating the effect of mesh angle, friction, and muscle volume change throughout actuation is presented. This article also discusses the use of hydraulic artificial muscles for low-pressure hydraulic mesoscale robotic leg.
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Haines, Carter S., Na Li, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Ali E. Aliev, Jiangtao Di, and Ray H. Baughman. "New twist on artificial muscles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 42 (September 26, 2016): 11709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605273113.

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Lightweight artificial muscle fibers that can match the large tensile stroke of natural muscles have been elusive. In particular, low stroke, limited cycle life, and inefficient energy conversion have combined with high cost and hysteretic performance to restrict practical use. In recent years, a new class of artificial muscles, based on highly twisted fibers, has emerged that can deliver more than 2,000 J/kg of specific work during muscle contraction, compared with just 40 J/kg for natural muscle. Thermally actuated muscles made from ordinary polymer fibers can deliver long-life, hysteresis-free tensile strokes of more than 30% and torsional actuation capable of spinning a paddle at speeds of more than 100,000 rpm. In this perspective, we explore the mechanisms and potential applications of present twisted fiber muscles and the future opportunities and challenges for developing twisted muscles having improved cycle rates, efficiencies, and functionality. We also demonstrate artificial muscle sewing threads and textiles and coiled structures that exhibit nearly unlimited actuation strokes. In addition to robotics and prosthetics, future applications include smart textiles that change breathability in response to temperature and moisture and window shutters that automatically open and close to conserve energy.
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Ashley, Steven. "Artificial Muscles." Scientific American sp 18, no. 1 (February 2008): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0208-64sp.

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Ashley, Steven. "Artificial Muscles." Scientific American 289, no. 4 (October 2003): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1003-52.

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Saga, N., J. Nagase, and T. Saikawa. "Pneumatic Artificial Muscles Based on Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Muscles." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 3, no. 3 (2006): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/427569.

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This article reports the pneumatic artificial muscles based on biomechanical characteristics of human muscles. A wearable device and a rehabilitation robot that assist a human muscle should have characteristics similar to those of human muscle. In addition, since the wearable device and the rehabilitation robot should be light, an actuator with a high power to weight ratio is needed. At present, the McKibben type is widely used as an artificial muscle, but in fact its physical model is highly nonlinear. Therefore, an artificial muscle actuator has been developed in which high-strength carbon fibres have been built into the silicone tube. However, its contraction rate is smaller than the actual biological muscles. On the other hand, if an artificial muscle that contracts axially is installed in a robot as compactly as the robot hand, big installing space is required. Therefore, an artificial muscle with a high contraction rate and a tendon-driven system as a compact actuator were developed, respectively. In this study, we report on the basic structure and basic characteristics of two types of actuators.
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Tomori, Hiroki, and Taro Nakamura. "Theoretical Comparison of McKibben-Type Artificial Muscle and Novel Straight-Fiber-Type Artificial Muscle." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0544.

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Robots have entered human life, and closer relationships are being formed between humans and robots. It is desirable that these robots be flexible and lightweight. With this as our goal, we have developed an artificial muscle actuator using straight-fiber-type artificial muscles derived from the McKibben-type muscles, which have excellent contraction rate and force characteristics. In this study, we compared the steady state and dynamic characteristic of straightfiber-type and McKibben-type muscles and verified the usefulness of straight-fiber-type muscles.
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Tóthová, Mária, Ján Piteľ, and Jana Boržíková. "Operating Modes of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 308 (February 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.308.39.

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The paper describes operating modes of the PAM based actuator consisting of two pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) in antagonistic connection. The artificial muscles are acting against themselves and resultant position of the actuator is given by equilibrium of their forces according to different pressures in muscles. The main requirement for operation of such pneumatic actuator is uniform movement and accurate arm position control according to input desired variable. There are described in paper operation characteristics of the pneumatic artificial muscle in variable pressure and then operation characteristics of the pneumatic artificial muscle actuator consisting of two muscles in antagonistic connection.
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Houle-Leroy, Philippe, Helga Guderley, John G. Swallow, and Theodore Garland. "Artificial selection for high activity favors mighty mini-muscles in house mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): R433—R443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00179.2002.

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After 14 generations of selection for voluntary wheel running, mice from the four replicate selected lines ran, on average, twice as many revolutions per day as those from the four unselected control lines. To examine whether the selected lines followed distinct strategies in the correlated responses of the size and metabolic capacities of the hindlimb muscles, we examined mice from selected lines, housed for 8 wk in cages with access to running wheels that were either free to rotate (“wheel access” group) or locked (“sedentary”). Thirteen of twenty individuals in one selected line (line 6) and two of twenty in another (line 3) showed a marked reduction (∼50%) in total hindlimb muscle mass, consistent with the previously described expression of a small-muscle phenotype. Individuals with these “mini-muscles” were not significantly smaller in total body mass compared with line-mates with normal-sized muscles. Access to free wheels did not affect the relative mass of the mini-muscles, but did result in typical mammalian training effects for mitochondrial enzyme activities. Individuals with mini-muscles showed a higher mass-specific muscle aerobic capacity as revealed by the maximal in vitro rates of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase. Moreover, these mice showed the highest activities of hexokinase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase. Females with mini-muscles showed the highest levels of phosphofructokinase, and males with mini-muscles the highest levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase. As shown by total muscle enzyme contents, the increase in mass-specific aerobic capacity almost completely compensated for the reduction caused by the “loss” of muscle mass. Moreover, the mini-muscle mice exhibited the lowest contents of lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase. Interestingly, metabolic capacities of mini-muscled mice resemble those of muscles after endurance training. Overall, our results demonstrate that during selection for voluntary wheel running, distinct adaptive paths that differentially exploit the genetic variation in morphological and physiological traits have been followed.
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Zhang, Zhiye, and Michael Philen. "Pressurized artificial muscles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 3 (September 11, 2011): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11420592.

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Pressurized artificial muscles are reviewed. These actuators consist of stiff reinforcing fibers surrounding an elastomeric bladder and operate using a pressurized internal fluid. The pressurized artificial muscles, known as McKibben actuators or flexible matrix composite actuators, can be applied to a wide array of applications, including prosthetics/orthotics, robots, morphing wing technologies, and variable stiffness structures. Analytical models for predicting the response behavior have used both virtual work methods and continuum mechanics. Various nonlinear control algorithms have been developed, including sliding mode control (SMC), adaptive control, neural networks, etc. In addition to traditional fluid-driving methods, innovative techniques such as chemical and electrical driving techniques are reviewed. With improved manufacturing techniques, the operational life of pressurized artificial muscles has been significantly extended, thus making them suitable for a vast range of potential applications.
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Chen, Chien-Chun, Wen-Pin Shih, Pei-Zen Chang, Hsi-Mei Lai, Shing-Yun Chang, Pin-Chun Huang, and Huai-An Jeng. "Onion artificial muscles." Applied Physics Letters 106, no. 18 (May 4, 2015): 183702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4917498.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artificial muscles"

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Capps, Ryan Anthony. "Fatigue Characteristics of Pressurized Artificial Muscles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49702.

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Pressurized artificial muscles show promise in both standard aircraft actuation operations and in morphing structures as an alternative to currently used actuation systems due to their high power-to-weight ratio. Pressurized artificial muscles have already demonstrated the necessary force production to be utilized as an alternative actuation mechanism. In order to better understand the feasibility of using pressurized artificial muscles as a standard actuation mechanism it is necessary to determine the life cycle of pressurized artificial muscles under high pressures, loads, and strains, and how muscle geometry and materials effect the life cycle of the artificial muscle. This thesis presents a study to determine the fatigue characteristics of pressurized artificial muscles to address the issues noted above. The life cycle of the pressurized artificial muscle is examined at high internal pressures and high strains. The materials composing the pressurized artificial muscle, and the artificial muscle geometry are changed throughout the study to determine their effect on the life cycle of a pressurized artificial muscle. Finally a morphing aileron utilizing pressurized artificial muscles as the actuation mechanism is fatigue tested. Fatigue testing results show that pressurized artificial muscle fatigue life is dependent on both actuator materials and geometry. Latex rubber bladders were shown to perform better than bladders of other materials. Increasing the wall thickness of the latex bladder increased the life cycle of the pressurized artificial muscles. Additionally, casting the pressurized artificial muscle in a cylindrical polyurethane resin matrix increased the life cycle of the actuator, and increasing the diameter of this resin matrix further increased the life cycle of the actuator.
Master of Science
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Klute, Glenn K. "Artificial muscles : actuators for biorobotic systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8058.

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Swamy, Amit. "Development of laboratory spine with artificial muscles." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:780.

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There is an increasing demand for spinal surgery and a growing number of new spinal implants and surgical procedures being offered by orthopaedic companies. However, the testing of spinal implants and spinal instrumentation is problematic, with testing in cadavers and animals becoming increasingly difficult and both having significant limitations. Thus the aim of this research is to develop an artificial laboratory spine that will have the same physical and biomechanical properties as the human spine. Validation of computer model is difficult hence an active artificial laboratory spine is being developed. A number of spinal elements have been produced and are being investigated, including an artificial intervertebral disc with different material properties to allow it to simulate different clinical conditions. The study is the first of its kind with the characteristics of the disc material that have been assessed in the laboratory, artificial muscles and spring elements and with normal physiological movements compared and validated from the reported literature. The model was used to investigate the potential of Shape Memory Alloy wires to act as artificial muscles and to control the movement of the spine. It is anticipated that the laboratory spine will have a number of other applications, in particular in the assessment of spinal instrumentation and testing. An actual geometry laboratory spine is also generated with suitable manufacturing technique for intervertebral disc, which has an accurate surface profile to fit between the two vertebral bodies above and below it, is discussed in this thesis.
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Odhner, Lael Ulam 1980. "Stochastic recruitment strategies for controlling artificial muscles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55257.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-176).
This thesis presents a new architecture for controlling active material actuators inspired by biological motor recruitment. An active material is broken down into many small fibers and grouped together to form one large actuator. Each of these fibers is held in a binary state, either relaxed or contracted, using a small local controller which responds to a broadcast input signal from a central controller. The output force and displacement of the actuator is a function of the number of contracted fibers at any point in time. This architecture enables the creation of large-scale, controllable actuators from highly non-linear active materials. The key innovation enabling the central controller to coordinate the behavior of very many small identical units is to randomize the behavior of each unit. This thesis explains how a collection of active material motor units responding in a random, uncorrelated fashion to broadcast commands will exhibit a predictable response that can be stabilized with feedback control and observed using a Kalman filter. Various control strategies will be presented and discussed, including open-loop plant behavior, linear feedback, optimal control, and model-based look-ahead control. Performance metrics such as accuracy and convergence time will be analyzed using dynamic programming and other control techniques. Parallels will also be discussed between this control problem and similar control problems in the field of swarm robotics.
(cont.) The stochastic, recruitment-like actuator architecture is demonstrated in shape memory alloy actuators, each composed of 60 individual elements, having a displacement of over 20 mm and a peak force of over 100 N. Control of displacement, isometric force and stiffness are demonstrated using the observer-controller framework. Two actuators are used in an antagonistic fashion to control the stiffness and position of a 1-DOF arm joint.
by Lael Ulam Odhner.
Sc.D.
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Kingsley, Daniel A. "A COCKROACH INSPIRED ROBOT WITH ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1094932214.

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Stubbs, Laura Kate. "The development of artificial muscles using textile structures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-artificial-muscles-using-textile-structures(24551192-f3a6-476d-a446-8dc2abbcb71a).html.

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The aim of this project was to investigate the use of textile structures as muscles to assist people with muscular deficiency or paralysis. Due to the average life expectancy continuing to increase, support for those needing assistance to move unaided is also increasing. The purpose of this project was to try to help a patient who would normally need assistance, to move their arm unaided. It could also help with rehabilitation of muscular injuries and increasing strength and reducing muscular fatigue of manual workers. The approach considered was to develop an extra corporal device for the upper limbs, providing the main required motions. Most devices currently available use motors and gearboxes to assist in limb movement. This study investigated a way of mimicking the contraction of biological skeletal muscles to create a motion that is as human as possible with a soft, flexible and lightweight construction. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) and pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) were investigated. It became clear that at present, the EAPs were unable to create the forces and speed of contraction required for this application. The use of pneumatics to create artificial muscles was developed upon. PAMs, like the McKibben muscle and the pleated pneumatic muscle mimic the natural contraction of skeletal muscle. These current PAMs were used as a basis to develop a new type of pneumatic artificial muscle in this project. A 90 mm ball-like structure was developed, produced from an air impermeable rubber coated cotton fabric. Joining three oval panels together created a 3-D spherical shape. Three of these structures were linked together, and when inflated, created an acceptable level of contraction and force. This method of producing artificial muscles created a soft, lightweight and flexible actuator with scope for different arrangements, sizes and positions of the muscle structure. The contraction process was mathematically modelled. This calculated the predicted rate and level of contraction of a 2-D muscle structure. These mathematical findings were able to be compared to the practical results, and produced similar contraction characteristics. The muscle structures were incorporated into a garment to form a type of muscle suit which could be worn to assist movement. This garment has an aluminium frame to protect the wearer's bones from stresses from the contracting muscles. This study has shown that the muscle suit developed can create movement for wearers that would normally need assistance, and also reduce muscle fatigue, which would be useful for manual workers. This is incorporated into a functional and wearable garment, which is easy to dress and more lightweight and aesthetically pleasing than current muscle suits.
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Chandrapal, Mervin. "Intelligent Assistive Knee Orthotic Device Utilizing Pneumatic Artificial Muscles." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7475.

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This thesis presents the development and experimental testing of a lower-limb exoskeleton system. The device supplies assistive torque at the knee joint to alleviate the loading at the knee, and thus reduce the muscular effort required to perform activities of daily living. The hypothesis is that the added torque would facilitate the execution of these movements by people who previously had limited mobility. Only four specific movements were studied: level-waking, gradient-walking, sit-to-stand-to-sit and ascending stairs. All three major components of the exoskeleton system, i.e. the exoskeleton actuators and actuator control system, the user intention estimation algorithm, and the mechanical construction of the exoskeleton, were investigated in this work. A leg brace was fabricated in accordance with the biomechanics of the human lower-limb. A single rotational degree of freedom at the knee and ankle joints was placed to ensure that the exoskeleton had a high kinematic compliance with the human leg. The position of the pneumatic actuators and sensors were also determined after significant deliberation. The construction of the device allowed the real-world testing of the actuator control algorithm and the user intention estimation algorithms. Pneumatic artificial muscle actuators, that have high power to weight ratio, were utilized on the exoskeleton. An adaptive fuzzy control algorithm was developed to compensate for the inherent nonlinearities in the pneumatic actuators. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the adaptive controller. The user intention estimation algorithm is responsible for interpreting the user's intended movements by estimating the magnitude of the torque exerted at the knee joint. To accomplish this, the algorithm utilizes biological signals that emanate from the knee extensor and flexor muscles when they are activated. These signals combined with the knee angle data are used as inputs to the estimation algorithm. The output is the magnitude and direction of the estimated torque. This value is then scaled by an assistance ratio, which determines the intensity of the assistive torque provided to the user. The experiments conducted verify the robustness and predictability of the proposed algorithms. Finally, experimental results from the four activities of daily living, affirm that the desired movements could be performed successfully in cooperation with the exoskeleton. Furthermore, muscle activity recorded during the movements show a reduction in effort when assisted by the exoskeleton.
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Loccisano, Anthony. "Online Variable Recruitment for Pneumatic Artificial Muscles with Springs." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279666.

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Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) have gained attention in the realm of soft robotics for their high power to weight ratio, low manufacturing cost, low weight, and relatively high compliance. This makes them appear as a great candidate for exoskeletons. An area of recent research involves variable recruitment, the process of successively activating individual PAMs from a set to improve overall system efficiency. While a few simulation and quasi-static studies exist, very little research has investigated real time switching with a physical system. In the quasi-static studies, the buckling of non-activated PAMs has been a consistent issue. In this thesis, a set of six parallel PAMs are connected serially to individual springs to prevent non-activated PAMs from buckling during contraction. The system is run through both a batch and orderly, open loop recruitment cycle to better understand transition effects and energy consumption. It was found that the batch method uses more energy and is prone to disturbances during transitions. The serial elastic elements do prevent buckling at the cost of individual recruitment level movement capability. Recommendations for implementing the switching strategies and how to use springs are given.
Pneumatiska artificiella muskler (PAM) har fått uppmärksamhet inom området för mjuk robotik för deras höga effekt-/viktförhållande, låga tillverkningskostnader, låg vikt och relativt enkla att implementera. Detta gör dem till bra kandidater för exoskelett. Ett område inom ny forskning innefattar variabel rekrytering, en process där man successivt aktiverar enskilda PAM i ett system bestående av flera sådana, för att förbättra den totala systemeffektiviteten. Medan några simulerings- och kvasistatiska studier existerar, har väldigt lite forskning undersökt realtidskoppling med ett fysiskt system. I de kvasistatiska studierna har knäckningen av ickeaktiverade PAM: er varit en konsekvent fråga. I detta projekt är en uppsättning av sex parallella PAM-serier anslutna seriellt till enskilda fjädrar för att förhindra att icke-aktiverade PAM-skivor knäcks under sammandragning. Systemet körs genom både en "batch-" och en "orderly-"openloop-rekryteringscykel för att bättre förstå övergångseffekter och energiförbrukning. Det visade sig att batchmetoden använder mer energi och är mer benägen att påverkas av att störningar under övergångar. Fjädrarna förhindrar dock knäckning på bekostnad av individuell rekryteringsnivå. Rekommendationer för att implementera omkopplingsstrategierna och hur man använder fjädrar ges.
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Choi, Jongung. "LOCOMOTION CONTROL EXPERIMENTS IN COCKROACH ROBOT WITH ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1117207152.

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Shedd, Brian Ethan. "Multifunctional composites for data storage, artificial muscles, and microstructures." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1779690431&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Artificial muscles"

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Yoseph, Bar-Cohen, ed. Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles: Reality, potential, and challenges. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, 2001.

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Yoseph, Bar-Cohen, ed. Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles: Reality, potential, and challenges. 2nd ed. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, 2004.

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Fernando, D'Amelio, Eng Lawrence F, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effects of artificial gravity: Central nervous system neurochemical studies : finalReport [sic] for NASA agreement NAGW-4480 (SJSU foundation no. 21-1614-7083) period 1 May 94 through 31 Mar 97. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Dorgan, Stephen Joseph. Mathematical modelling, analysis and control of artificially activated skeletal muscle. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Chu-Jeng, Chiu Ray, ed. Biomechanical cardiac assist: Cardiomyoplasty and muscle-powered devices. Mount Kisco, N.Y: Futura Pub. Co., 1986.

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1939-, Vincenzini P., Bar-Cohen Yoseph, Carpi Federico 1975-, and International Conference on "Smart Materials, Structures, and Systems" (3rd : 2008 : Acireale, Italy), eds. Artificial muscle actuators using electroactive polymers: "artificial muscle actuators using electroactive polymers" : proceedings of the joint focused session A-12 "artificial muscle actuators using electroactive polymers" of symposium A "Smart materials and micro/nanosystems" and symposium E "Mining smartness from nature", held in Acireale, Sicily, Italy, June 8-13 2008 as part of CIMTEC 2008 - 3rd International conference "Smart materials, structures and systems". Stafa-Zuerich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2009.

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1939-, Vincenzini P., Bar-Cohen Yoseph, Carpi Federico 1975-, and International Conference on "Smart Materials, Structures, and Systems" (3rd : 2008 : Acireale, Italy), eds. Artificial muscle actuators using electroactive polymers: "artificial muscle actuators using electroactive polymers" : proceedings of the joint focused session A-12 "artificial muscle actuators using electroactive polymers" of symposium A "Smart materials and micro/nanosystems" and symposium E "Mining smartness from nature", held in Acireale, Sicily, Italy, June 8-13 2008 as part of CIMTEC 2008 - 3rd International conference "Smart materials, structures and systems". Stafa-Zuerich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2009.

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Enis, Çetin A., Salvetti Ovidio, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Computational Intelligence for Multimedia Understanding: International Workshop, MUSCLE 2011, Pisa, Italy, December 13-15, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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D, Huizinga Jan, ed. Pacemaker activity and intercellular communication. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen, Kwang J. Kim, and Mehran Mojarrad. Artificial Muscles. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Artificial muscles"

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Aliano, Antonio, Giancarlo Cicero, Hossein Nili, Nicolas G. Green, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos, Andreas Lenshof, et al. "Artificial Muscles." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 136. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100032.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Sensing, Transduction, Feedback Control and Robotic Applications of Polymeric Artificial Muscles." In Artificial Muscles, 265–92. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-7.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Conductive or Ion-Conjugated Polymers as Artificial Muscles." In Artificial Muscles, 293–98. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-8.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "PAMPS Ionic Polymeric Artificial Muscles." In Artificial Muscles, 205–16. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-5.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Epilogue and Conclusions." In Artificial Muscles, 337–38. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-10.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Introduction to Ionic Polymers, Ionic Gels and Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Artificial Muscles." In Artificial Muscles, 1–22. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-1.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Ionic Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibrous Artificial Muscles/Nanomuscles." In Artificial Muscles, 115–204. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-4.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Ionic Polymer-Metal Nanocomposites (IPMCs and IPMNCs) Manufacturing Techniques." In Artificial Muscles, 61–114. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-3.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Engineering, Industrial and Medical Applications of Ionic Polymer–Metal Nanocomposites." In Artificial Muscles, 299–336. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-9.

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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Modeling and Simulation of IPMCs as Distributed Soft Biomimetic Nanosensors, Nanoactuators, Nanotransducers and Artificial Muscles." In Artificial Muscles, 217–64. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003015239-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Artificial muscles"

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Chen, Siqing, and He Xu. "Modeling, Analysis, and Function Extension of the McKibben Hydraulic Artificial Muscles." In BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2741.

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Abstract Compared with rigid robots, flexible robots have soft and extensible bodies enforcing their abilities to absorb shock and vibration, hence reducing the impact of probable collisions. Due to their high adaptability and minimally invasive features, soft robots are used in various fields. The McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles are the most popular soft actuator because of the controllability of hydraulic actuator and high force to weight ratio. When its deformation reaches a certain level, the actuators can be stopped automatically without any other braking mechanism. The research of McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is beneficial to the theoretical analysis of soft actuators in the mechanical system. The design of soft actuators with different deformations promotes the development of soft robots. In this paper, a static modeling of the McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is established, and its correctness is verified by theoretical analysis and experiment. In this model, the deformation mechanism of the artificial muscle and the law of output force is put forward. The relationship between muscle pressure, load, deformation, and muscle design parameters is presented through the mechanical analysis of the braid, elastic tube, and sealed-end. The law of the muscle deformation with high pressure is predicted. The reason for the muscle’s tiny elongation with extremely high pressure is found through the analysis of the relationship between the angle of the braid, the length of single braided thread, and the pressure. With the increase of pressure, the angle of the braid tends to a fixed value. As the stress of braided thread increases, so does its length. The length changes obviously when the stress is extremely enormous. The angle of the braid and the length of the braided thread control the deformation of artificial muscles, resulting in a slight lengthening with extreme high pressure. Under normal pressure, the length of the braided wire is negligible, so that the entire muscle becomes shorter. According to the modeling and theoretical analysis, a new McKibben hydraulic artificial muscle that can elongate under normal rising pressure is designed. This artificial muscle can grow longer with pressure increases, eventually reaching its maximum length. During this time, its diameter barely changes. Its access pressure is higher than that of conventional elongated artificial muscles. Through experiments, the relationship between the muscle deformation, pressure, and load still conform to this theoretical model. This model can be used for the control of soft actuators and the design of new soft robots. This extensional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles and the conventional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles can be used in the bilateral control of soft robots.
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Koter, K., L. Podsedkowski, and T. Szmechtyk. "Transversal Pneumatic Artificial Muscles." In 2015 10th International Workshop on Robot Motion and Control (RoMoCo). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/romoco.2015.7219741.

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Meller, M. A., R. Tiwari, K. B. Wajcs, C. Moses, I. Reveles, and E. Garcia. "Hydraulically actuated artificial muscles." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.913949.

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McKay, Thomas G., Dong Ki Shin, Steven Percy, Chris Knight, Scott McGarry, and Iain A. Anderson. "Artificial muscles on heat." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2045362.

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Nakamura, Taro. "Experimental comparisons between McKibben type artificial muscles and straight fibers type artificial muscles." In Smart Materials, Nano- and Micro-Smart Systems, edited by Said F. Al-Sarawi. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.698845.

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Duan, Emily, and Matthew Bryant. "Design of Pennate Topology Fluidic Artificial Muscle Bundles Under Spatial Constraints." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68183.

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Abstract In this paper, we investigate the design of pennate topology fluidic artificial muscle bundles under spatial and operating constraints. Soft fluidic actuators are of great interest to roboticists and engineers due to their potential for inherent compliance and safe human-robot interaction. McKibben fluidic artificial muscles (FAMs) are soft fluidic actuators that are especially attractive due to their high force-to-weight ratio, inherent flexibility, relatively inexpensive construction, and muscle-like force-contraction behavior. Observations of natural muscles of equivalent cross-sectional area have indicated that muscles with a pennate fiber configuration can achieve higher output forces as compared to the parallel configuration due to larger physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). However, this is not universally true because the contraction and rotation behavior of individual actuator units (fibers) are both key factors contributing to situations where bipennate muscle configurations are advantageous as compared to parallel muscle configurations. This paper analytically explores a design case for pennate topology artificial muscle bundles that maximize fiber radius. The findings can provide insights on optimizing artificial muscle topologies under spatial constraints. Furthermore, the study can be extended to evaluate muscle topology implications on work capacity and efficiency for tracking a desired dynamic motion.
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Bryant, Matthew, Michael A. Meller, and Ephrahim Garcia. "Toward Variable Recruitment Fluidic Artificial Muscles." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3136.

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We investigate taking advantage of the lightweight, compliant nature of fluidic artificial muscles to create variable recruitment actuators in the form of artificial muscle bundles. Several actuator elements at different diameter scales are packaged to act as a single actuator device. The actuator elements of the bundle can be connected to the fluidic control circuit so that different groups of actuator elements, much like individual muscle fibers, can be activated independently depending on the required force output and motion. This novel actuation concept allows us to save energy by effectively selecting the size of the actuators on the fly based on the instantaneous required load, versus the traditional method wherein actuators are sized for the maximum required load, and energy is wasted by oversized actuators most of the time. This design also allows a single bundled actuator to operate in substantially different force regimes, which could be valuable for robots that need to perform a wide variety of tasks and interact safely with humans. This paper will propose this actuator concept and show preliminary results of the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of three such bioinspired variable recruitment actuator prototypes.
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Meghdari, Ali, Majid Jafarian, Mehran Mojarrad, and Mohsen Shahinpoor. "Exploring Artificial Muscles As Actuators for Artificial Hands." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0154.

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Abstract This article presents a brief overview of current research and findings in developing artificial muscles. Furthermore, possibilities of applying such muscles as actuators in prosthetic hands (i.e. The Sharif Artificial Hand) have been proposed and investigated.
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Mohseni, Omid, Ferreol Gagey, Gouping Zhao, Andre Seyfarth, and Maziar A. Sharbafi. "How far are Pneumatic Artificial Muscles from biological muscles?" In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197177.

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Otero, Toribio F., Hans Grande, Igor Cantero, and Ane Sarasola. "Muscles and artificial muscles: electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation model." In 1999 Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.349706.

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Reports on the topic "Artificial muscles"

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Baughman, Ray. Fuel-Powered Artificial Muscles for the Robotic Soldier. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482081.

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Baughman, Ray, and Michael Kozlov. High Performance Artificial Muscles Using Nanofiber and Hybrid Yarns. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622843.

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Baughman, Ray H., and Mikhail E. Kozlov. New Types of Artificial Muscles for Large Stroke and High Force Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581884.

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