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Journal articles on the topic 'ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTOR PLANE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Park, I. Y., and D. Kim. "High-gain antenna using an intelligent artificial magnetic conductor ground plane." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 27, no. 13 (August 5, 2013): 1602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2013.817957.

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2

Wang, S., A. P. Feresidis, G. Goussetis, and J. C. Vardaxoglou. "Low-profile resonant cavity antenna with artificial magnetic conductor ground plane." Electronics Letters 40, no. 7 (2004): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040306.

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3

Yan, Sen, Ping Jack Soh, and Guy A. E. Vandenbosch. "Low-Profile Dual-Band Textile Antenna With Artificial Magnetic Conductor Plane." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 12 (December 2014): 6487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2359194.

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4

Kumar Pandey, Gaurav, Hari Shankar Singh, and Manoj Kumar Meshram. "Investigations of triple band artificial magnetic conductor back plane with UWB antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, no. 8 (May 27, 2016): 1900–1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29943.

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5

Abdulbari, Ali Abdulateef, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Firas Abedi, Ping Jack Soh, Ali Hashim, Rami Qays, Sarosh Ahmad, and Mohammed Yousif Zeain. "Single-Layer Planar Monopole Antenna-Based Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC)." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (July 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6724175.

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In this paper, a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed patch antenna is fabricated on a layer of metasurface to increase gain. The antenna is fabrication on Roger substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm, with the overall dimension of the proposed design being 45 × 30 × 0.25 mm3. The size of the patch antenna is 24 × 14 × 0.25 mm3, and the AMC unit cell is 22 × 22 × 0.25 mm3. This metasurface is designed based on the split-ring resonator unit cells forming an array of the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). Meanwhile, the antenna operation on 3.5 GHz is enabled by etching a split-ring resonator slot on the ground plane with a small gap to enhance antenna gain and improve impedance bandwidth when integrated with a metasurface. This simulation planer monopole antenna is applied for 5G application. The experimenter test is applied for the antenna performance in terms of return loss, gain, and radiation patterns. The operating frequency range with and without MTM is from 3.41 to 3.68 GHz (270 MHz) and 3.37 to 3.55 GHz (180 MHz), respectively, with gain improvements of about 2.7 dB (without MTM) to 6.0 dB (with MTM) at 3.5 GHz. The maximum improvement of the gain is about 42% when integrated with the AMC. The AMC has solved several issues to overcome the typical limitation in conventional antenna design. A circuit model is also proposed to simplify the estimation of the performance of this antenna at the desired frequency band. The proposed design is simulated by CST microwave studio. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured. Result comparison between simulations and measurements indicates a good agreement between them.

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6

Dewan, Raimi, M. K. A. Rahim, Mohamad Rijal Hamid, and M. F. M. Yusoff. "Analysis of Wideband Antenna Performance over Dual Band Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) Ground Plane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.273.

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A Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) wideband antenna operates from 2.69 GH to 6.27 GHz which act as reference antenna (RA) has been designed. A Dual Band AMC (DBAMC) unit cells have been proposed to operate at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. AMC is a metamaterial which mimics the behavior of zero reflection phase of Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC) at resonance frequency which not naturally existed in nature. Subsequently the antenna is incorporated with AMC unit cell, herein referred as Antenna with Dual Band AMC (ADBAMC). The DBAMC succesfully excites additional resonance at 2.45 GHz outside the initial operating range of standalone CPW wideband antenna. Incorporation of DBAMC to antenna achieves back lobe suppression at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The overall average gain of AMC incorporated antenna is improved from 2.69 to 6.29 GHz as opposed to the standalone reference CPW wideband antenna. Study of surface current is also presented and discussed.

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7

Yeo, J., and D. Kim. "Design of a Wideband Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) Ground Plane for Low-Profile Antennas." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 22, no. 16 (January 2008): 2125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939308787522546.

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8

Libi Mol, V. A., and C. K. Aanandan. "Radar Cross Section Reduction of Low Profile Fabry-Perot Resonator Antenna Using Checker Board Artificial Magnetic Conductor." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 2 (March 3, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i2.686.

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This paper presents a novel low profile, high gain Fabry-Perot resonator antenna with reduced radar cross section (RCS). An artificial magnetic conductor which provides zero degree reflection phase at resonant frequency is used as the ground plane of the antenna to obtain the low profile behavior. A checker board structure consisting of two artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces with antiphase reflection property is used as the superstrate to reduce the RCS. The bottom surface of superstrate is perforated to act as partially reflective surface to enhance the directivity of antenna. The antenna has a 3 dB gain bandwidth from 9.32 GHz to 9.77 GHz with a peak gain of 12.95 dBi at 9.6 GHz. The cavity antenna also has reduced reflectivity with a maximum reduction of 14.5 dB at 9.63 GHz.

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9

Fan, Fangfang, Xiao Fan, Xiaoyu Wang, and Zehong Yan. "A Low-Profile Broadband Circularly Polarised Wide-Slot Antenna with an Artificial Magnetic Conductor Reflector." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360616.

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In this letter, a novel broadband circularly polarisation (CP) wide-slot antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) as the reflector is presented. The wide-slot antenna is composed of a knife-shaped radiator and an improved ground plane. A broadband CP characteristic can be achieved by slotting the ground plane to make it an asymmetric ground shape. However, the average gain of the wide-slot antenna is only about 3 dBic because of bidirectional radiation. An AMC reflector is adopted to enhance the gain of the wide-slot antenna without introducing a high profile similar to the PEC reflector. In addition, the four metal plates are vertically placed around the antenna to broaden the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the antenna with the AMC reflector. The measurement results show that the 3dB AR bandwidth of the proposed CP antenna is 32.4% (2.35GHz─3.26GHz), the average gain is 6.5dBic in the AR bandwidth and the value of VSWR in the AR bandwidth is less than 2. The size of the antenna is 0.84λ0× 0.84λ0× 0.13λ0 at the centre frequency of 2.805 GHz. The proposed antenna has a low profile, broad AR bandwidth and high gain, thereby being a good candidate for various wireless communication systems.

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10

de Cos, M. E., F. Las Heras, and M. Franco. "Design of Planar Artificial Magnetic Conductor Ground Plane Using Frequency-Selective Surfaces for Frequencies Below 1 GHz." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 8 (2009): 951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2009.2029133.

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11

Kwon, Oh Heon, Sungwoo Lee, Jong Min Lee, and Keum Cheol Hwang. "A Compact, Low-Profile Log-Periodic Meandered Dipole Array Antenna with an Artificial Magnetic Conductor." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (June 28, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7261076.

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A compact and low-profile log-periodic meandered dipole array (LPMDA) antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. For compactness, a meander line configuration is implemented with dipole elements and optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) to realize the LPMDA antenna. As a result, a size reduction of approximately 30% is achieved as compared to a conventional log-periodic dipole array antenna. To enhance the gain characteristics, the AMC ground plane configuration is realized with 9 × 9 unit cells for the LPMDA antenna. Two prototypes of the proposed LPMDA antennas with and without an AMC are fabricated and measured to verify its performance. The measured −10 dB reflection ratio bandwidths are 2.56 : 1 (0.85–2.18 GHz) and 2.34 : 1 (0.92–2.16 GHz) for the proposed LPMDA antennas with and without the AMC, respectively. The gain at the main beam direction within the operating frequency bandwidth is significantly improved from 3.94–7.17 dBi to 7.86–10.01 dBi by applying the AMC.

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12

Rayno, Jennifer, Magdy F. Iskander, and Nuri Celik. "Synthesis of Broadband True-3D Metamaterial Artificial Magnetic Conductor Ground Planes Using Genetic Programming." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 11 (November 2014): 5732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2357416.

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13

Malekpoor, H. "Broadband Printed Tapered Slot Antenna Fed by CPW Fulfilled with Planar Artificial Magnetic Conductor for X-Band Operation." Advanced Electromagnetics 12, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v12i1.2087.

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A low-profile printed slot antenna (PSA) backed by broadband planar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced in this study. Firstly, a suggested PSA with the radiating tapered slots excited by coplanar-waveguide (CPW) is used to expand the bandwidth in the measured range of 9-11 GHz (S11≤ -10 dB). Then, the suggested planar AMC surface as the ground plane of the antenna is inserted into the PSA to gain improved radiation efficiency. The realized result from the PSA with the 9×9 planar AMC array exhibits -10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 6.63 to 13.73 GHz (70%). The suggested PSA with AMC compared to the PSA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 60%, enhanced bandwidth of 50%, and excellent impedance matching with a minimum value of almost -40 dB. The novel AMC unit cell is realized to operate at 10.14 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 8-12.35 GHz (43.1%) for X-band operation. Besides, by loading a periodic AMC unit cells into PSA, a high gain of more than 11 dBi with uni-directional radiation patterns is achieved.

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14

Dewan, Raimi, Sharul Kamal Bin Abd Rahim, Siti Fatimah Ausordin, and Teddy Purnamirza. "THE IMPROVEMENT OF ARRAY ANTENNA PERFORMANCE WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTOR (AMC) GROUND PLANE AND IN-PHASE SUPERSTRATE." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 140 (2013): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier13040206.

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15

Mouhouche, F., A. Azrar, M. Dehmas, and K. Djafer. "Gain Enhancement of Monopole Antenna using AMC Surface." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 3 (August 16, 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i3.747.

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A CPW rectangular-ring antenna over an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) is presented in this work. The AMC is a designed as a dual-band structure having an array of unit cells and operates at 2.45GHz and 5.20 GHz. A CPW antenna uses this dual-band AMC structures as a back-plane. Performance comparison is carried out with and without incorporation of AMC. The simulated and measured results show that the combination of the AMC reflector and the antenna provide directional properties at both frequency bands. It has been found that the antenna gain increases by about 5 dB.

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16

Bousselmi, A., A. Gharsallah, and T. P. Vuong. "A Novel High-Gain Quad-Band Antenna with AMC Metasurface for Satellite Positioning Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2933.

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In this paper, a new design single feed multi-band antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at the 1.278GHz, 2.8GHz, 5.7GHz, and 10GHz frequency bands which cover the Galileo satellite positioning system (1.278GHz), WLAN (2.8GHz), WIMAX (5.7GHz) and the radar applications (10GHz), respectively. The antenna has a compact size, it is printed on an FR4 substrate of dimensions (60mm×27.5mm×1.67mm) placed on a ground plane of 60mm×17.5mm×0.035mm dimensions. To improve the radiation performance of the proposed antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) was used as a reflector plane with dimensions of 13.5mm × 13.5mm × 1mm. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement and show the significant improvement of the gain value of the multiband antenna with AMC which is a required propriety for novel wireless communications systems.

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17

Elsheikh, Mohamed A. G., Amr M. E. Safwat, and Hadia Elhennawy. "High-efficiency AMC loaded dipole above FR4 substrate." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001666.

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AbstractThis paper presents a novel artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) loaded dipole above FR4 substrate. The proposed AMC consists of two metal layers that shield the wave from the lossy substrate leading to a significant increase in the dipole efficiency over a wide bandwidth. The dipole is fed through vias that are connected to a wideband balun placed on the opposite side of the ground plane. The proposed assembly is fabricated and characterized. Measurements, which are in a very good agreement with the electromagnetic simulations, show that the operating fractional bandwidth achieves the value of 16.2%, 1.927–2.267 GHz, with peak radiation efficiency of 72.5%.

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18

Rivasto, E., H. Huhtinen, T. Hynninen, and P. Paturi. "Vortex dynamics simulation for pinning structure optimization in the applications of high-temperature superconductors." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 23 (April 5, 2022): 235902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac5e78.

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Abstract We introduce a molecular dynamics based simulation model that enables the efficient optimization of complex pinning structures in unpresented wide magnetic field and angular ranges for high-temperature superconductor applications. The fully three-dimensional simulation allows the modeling of the critical current and the associated anisotropy in the presence of any kinds of defects despite their size and orientation. Most prominently, these include artificial defects such as nanorods along with intrinsic weak-links or ab-plane oriented stacking faults, for example. In this work, we present and analyze the most fundamental results of the simulation model and compare them indirectly with a wide range of previous experimental and computational observations. With the provided validation for the proposed simulation model, we consider it to be an extremely useful tool in particular for pushing the limits of ampacity in the coated conductor industry.

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19

Luo, Qun, Huiping Tian, Zhitong Huang, Xudong Wang, Zheng Guo, and Yuefeng Ji. "Unidirectional Dual-Band CPW-Fed Antenna Loaded with an AMC Reflector." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/875281.

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A unidirectional dual-band coplanar waveguide fed antenna (DB-CPWFA) loaded with a reflector is presented in this paper. The reflector is made of an electric ground plane, a dielectric substrate, and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) which shows an effective dual operational bandwidth. Then, the closely spaced AMC reflector is employed under the DB-DPWFA for performance improvement including unidirectional radiation, low profile, gain enhancement, and higher front-to-back (F/B) ratio. The final antenna design exhibits an 8% and 13% impedance bandwidths for 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency regions, respectively. The overall gain enhancement of about 4 dB is achieved. The F/B ratio is approximate to 20 dB with a 16 dB improvement. The measured results are inconsistent with the numerical values. The presented design is a suitable candidate for radio frequency identification (RFID) reader application.

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20

Fang, Yijiao, Jiangwei Zhong, Yao Nie, and Maosheng Fu. "Mutual Coupling Reduction between Two Closely Spaced Antennas with a General PMC Symmetry Plane for Mobile Terminals." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (February 24, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2343818.

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In this paper, an artificial general perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) decoupling structure is proposed to improve the isolation between two-element closely spaced antenna arrays with an operating frequency around 2.4 GHz. This kind of PMC structure can effectively activate the in-phase coupling current and cancel the antiphase coupling current raised by the original perfect electric conductor (PEC) equivalent interface, thereby blocking the energy coupling from one antenna input port to another. The proposed design is composed of a transmission line and a lumped element in the neutral position of a pair of electrically small antennas. To validate the utility of this approach, we analyze the current/field distribution of this structure and the mode superposition mechanism in the present paper. The results show that, with a close center-to-center distance of 5 mm, the isolation between the arrays is improved from −5 dB to −20 dB at around 2.4 GHz. Furthermore, to validate the feature that this special in-phase coupling current distribution is insensitive to frequency, we analyze the decoupling performance in a frequency reconfiguration or a dual-frequencytwo-element antenna array. The decoupling feature emerges in the proposed structure over a larger frequency range (2.2–2.6 GHz) than the previous design. A sample of this two-element frequency reconfiguration antenna system is fabricated and measured in this paper. We also realized a dual-frequency antenna system with expected isolation. Through the above discussion, we can know that these decoupling geometrical parameters can be worked in the whole range of 2.2–2.6 GHz with the same decoupling structural parameters. Good performance and compact structures make the proposed structure suitable for mobile communication applications.

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21

Jang, Wook, Yeong-geun Jeon, Han-jun Maeng, Jongyeong Kim, and Dongho Kim. "Novel Beam Scan Method of Fabry–Perot Cavity (FPC) Antennas." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112211005.

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A new beam scanning method of a Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antenna is proposed. To obtain high gain in a target direction with a reduced sidelobe level (SLL), we devised a tapered partially reflective surface (PRS) as a superstrate. Moreover, to attain various beam scanning directions, a phase-controllable artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground plane with a broad reflection phase range and high reflection magnitudes was introduced. In the proposed method, a new formula to satisfy an FP resonance condition in a cavity for a scanned beam is also suggested. According to the formula, the FPC antenna can precisely scan the main beam in designed target directions with well-maintained high gain, which has been hardly achievable. In addition, our method demonstrates the potential of electrical beam-scanning antennas by employing active RF chips on the AMC cells. To validate the method, we fabricated a prototype FPC antenna for a scanned beam at θ = 30°. Furthermore, we conducted an additional simulation for a different beam scanning angle as well. Good agreement between the expected and experimental results verifies our design approach.

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22

Aourik, Salaheddine, Ahmed Errkik, Aziz Oukaira, Dhaou Said, Jamal Zbitou, and Ahmed Lakhssassi. "An Advanced Array Configuration Antenna Based on Mutual Coupling Reduction." Electronics 12, no. 7 (April 4, 2023): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071707.

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In this work, a microstrip antenna array that consists of 16 elements is designed at a frequency of 28 GHz, with a dimension of 35 mm × 33.5 mm and an operational bandwidth of 27.7–28.3 GHz. The idea is putting two antenna arrays next to each other on the same substrate and ground plane, as well as minimizing the overall size. This work presents a mutual coupling reduction for two arrays and studies the performance of the antennas through the suppression of surface wave propagation in a given frequency range. It proposed a new configuration for an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) created by microstrip technology placed at a closed distance (0.3λ0) between the two antenna arrays. The improvement in the isolation between the two adjacent antenna arrays was studied according to the H-plane with a periodic unit cell of the AMC. The mutual coupling reduces to −40.0 dB at the operation frequency and isolation of 17 dB. The antenna array is also characterized by a good envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). The CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solver was used to design, improve, and miniaturize the proposed configuration.

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23

Mitha, Tanzeela, and Maria Pour. "Wideband Microstrip Patch Antennas with Transverse Electric Modes." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 8 (October 7, 2020): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350817.

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A wideband microstrip patch antenna, exciting the fundamental transverse electric (TE) mode, is investigated. The excitation of the TE mode is facilitated through replacing both of the patch and ground plane of a conventional microstrip antenna with artificial magnetic conductors (AMC), consisting of unipolar compact photonic bandgap (UC-PBG) unit cells. The AMC patch and the ground plane of this antenna behave as magnetic conductors within the bandgap region of the unit cells. Similar to conventional patch antennas, it is shown that by cutting a U-shaped slot in the AMC patch, wideband characteristics are realized. The antenna shows a 40% impedance bandwidth and operates at the TE10 mode. Moreover, the width of the patch is 1.75 times smaller than its length, reducing the overall size of the antenna by about 60%, compared with the conventional U-slot PEC antenna supporting the transverse magnetic (TM) mode.

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24

Hussain, Muhammad, Kyung-Geun Lee, and Dongho Kim. "Circularly Polarized High-Gain Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna with High Sidelobe Suppression." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2023): 8222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148222.

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The proposed design approach improves the circularly polarized Fabry-Perot cavity antenna (CP-FPCA) by increasing gain and sidelobe suppression (SLS) while reducing the axial ratio (AR) and cross-polarization levels. Conventional CP-FPC antennas have a high AR due to the lack of independent control over circular polarization conditions. The solution proposes a double-layered circularly polarized partially reflecting surface (CP-PRS) that independently controls the circular polarization conditions at the design frequency f0 (10 GHz) for equal magnitudes and at a ±90° phase difference between orthogonal components of the transmitted waves. The PRS and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cells are employed to satisfy Trentini’s beamforming condition, leading to increased gain and SLS and lowered AR and cross-polarization levels. Consequently, the proposed CP-FPCA provides a 15.4 dBi high gain with 25.3% aperture efficiency and more than 23.5 dB high SLS in each plane. Moreover, it achieves an AR lowered by 0.12 dB and a cross-polarization level below −42 dB. A strong correlation between the simulations and experiments proves the practicality of our proposal.

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25

Greenlee, M. W., P. Freitag, M. Boos, T. Lacina, K. Scheffler, and E. W. Radü. "Effect of Eye Movements on the Magnitude of fMRI Responses in Extrastriate Cortex during Visual Motion Perception." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0306.

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We have studied the effects of eye movements on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response during global dot motion in extrastriate temporo-occipital cortex. Susceptibility-based functional magnetic resonance, applying gradient-recalled echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences, was conducted, in 12 volunteers who viewed episodes of moving dots. Anatomical and functional images were recorded with a 1.5 T Siemens Magnetom Vision (TR 5000 ms, TE 70 ms, flip angle 90°, FOV 250 mm, matrix 112 × 128, twelve 4-mm slices parallel to ac — pc plane, ranging from z=-14 – 34 mm). Sagittal T1-weighted images were acquired to determine the ac — pc plane and important anatomical landmarks. Eye movements were monitored with the use of MR-compatible EOG electrodes. Stimuli were back-projected onto a translucent screen and viewed through prisms. The four test conditions were: fronto-parallel motion, during fixation and during target pursuit; expansion-contraction motion, also during fixation and during pursuit. Pixelwise t-tests were performed on functional series recorded during rest and stimulation periods (50 s each) to identify significantly activated voxels. Planes −8 to +8 mm around the ac — pc plane and 20 – 28 mm superior to ac — pc were activated most by visual motion. In addition to primary visual cortical areas, a ventral area in the temporo-occipital cortex (human MT) responded well to both types of visual motion and these responses were enhanced by eye movements. Human MST, located dorsal of MT, showed activation by visual motion during fixation. Its response was also enhanced by pursuit.

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26

Fuscaldo, Walter, Dimitrios C. Zografopoulos, Francesca Imperato, Paolo Burghignoli, Romeo Beccherelli, and Alessandro Galli. "Analysis and Design of Tunable THz 1-D Leaky-Wave Antennas Based on Nematic Liquid Crystals." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 11770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211770.

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The tunable properties of nematic liquid crystals (NLC) are here exploited in a peculiar leaky waveguide with artificial magnetic conductors as the lateral walls, a bottom metal ground plane, and a homogenized metasurface on top to obtain dynamic beamsteering at a fixed terahertz frequency. The waveguide consists of an NLC cell sandwiched between two dielectric layers. The proposed antenna system works on its transverse-magnetic leaky mode and is capable of radiating a beam that scans either by frequency or by changing the bias voltage applied across the NLC cell. The design parameters are optimized through a rigorous modal analysis of the structure, and the radiation performance is validated through full-wave simulations. The results are promising for the realization of next-generation tunable terahertz leaky-wave antennas.

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27

Tan, Qingquan, Kuikui Fan, Wenwen Yang, and Guoqing Luo. "Low Sidelobe Series-Fed Patch Planar Array with AMC Structure to Suppress Parasitic Radiation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 3597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153597.

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For automobile radar systems, the antenna array requires a low sidelobe level (SLL) to reduce interference. A low-SLL and low-cost planar antenna array are proposed in this article for millimeter-wave automotive radar applications. The proposed array consists of six linear series-fed patch arrays, a series distribution network using a grounded co-planar waveguide (GCPW), and a bed of nails. First, a hybrid HFSS-MATLAB optimization platform is set up to easily obtain good impedance matching and low SLL of the linear series-fed patch array. Then, a six-way GCPW power divider is designed to combine the optimized linear sub-array to achieve a planar array. However, since CCPW is a semi-open structure, like a microstrip line, the parasitic radiation generated by the GCPW feeding network will lead to the deterioration of the SLL. To solve this problem, a bed of nails—as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)—is designed and placed above the feeding networking to create an electromagnetic stopband in the working band. Its working mechanism has been explained in detail. The feeding network cannot effectively radiate electromagnetic waves into free space. Thus, the parasitic radiation can be suppressed. A low-SLL planar array prototype working at 79 GHz is designed, manufactured, and measured. The measured results confirm that the proposed low-SLL planar array has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 3 GHz from 77 to 80 GHz and a maximum peak gain of 21 dBi. The measured SLL is −24 dB and −23 dB in the E-plane and H-plane at 79 GHz, respectively. The proposed low SLL array can be used for adaptive cruise control (ACC) system applications.

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28

Althuwayb, Ayman A. "MTM- and SIW-Inspired Bowtie Antenna Loaded with AMC for 5G mm-Wave Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6658819.

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This paper investigates a feasible configuration of slotted bowtie antenna based on MTM and SIW properties for 5G millimeter-wave applications. To realize the proposed slotted bowtie antenna in a compact dimension with high performances, the MTM and SIW concepts are implemented by applying the trapezoidal slots on the top surface of the antenna and metallic via holes through the substrate layer connecting the top surface to the ground plane. The antenna has been fed with a simple microstip-line which is connected to a waveguide-port. It is shown that the slotted bowtie antenna with a small dimension of 30 × 16 × 0.8 mm3 operates over a measured wideband of 32–34.6 GHz with the fractional bandwidth, average gain, and radiation efficiency of 7.8%, 3.2 dBi, and 50%, respectively. To improve the antenna's performance, the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) properties have been employed on the ground plane by loading vertical and linear slots with various lengths. The AMC slots are aligned under the trapezoidal slots on the top surface to transfer the maximum electromagnetic signals to them for optimum radiation. The proposed method enlarges the antenna’s effective aperture area, keeping constant its physical dimensions. The proposed AMC-loaded antenna covers wider frequency range of 30–37 GHz in measurement, which corresponds to 21% fractional bandwidth. The average experimental gain and radiation efficiency have been increased to 5.5 dBi and 66.5%, respectively, which illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed AMC-loaded antenna. The results confirm that the proposed slotted bowtie antenna with advantages of compact dimension, wide bandwidth, high gain and efficiency, low profile, being cost-effective, simple design, and easy fabrication process, which makes it applicable for mass production, can be a good candidate for 5G millimeter-wave applications.

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Pathan, T. U., and B. Kakde. "A Compact Circular Polarized MIMO Fabric Antenna with AMC Backing for WBAN Applications." Advanced Electromagnetics 11, no. 3 (August 8, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1953.

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A compact high-isolation diversity and circular polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fabric antenna for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications is presented. A metamaterial (MTM)-inspired radiating element is used for the miniaturization of the presented fabric antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a denim substrate and has a dimension of 58 mm x 23 mm x 1.6 mm. The circular polarization is achieved by trimming the two diagonal corners of the radiating elements. A defected ground structure (DGS) comprising two U-slots is placed underneath each radiator to increase the bandwidth of the presented antenna. The isolation characteristics between the two antenna elements are increased by 20 dB by cutting a slit in a ground plane. The proposed CP-MIMO antenna incorporates an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) layer to limit backward radiation towards the human body and hence enhances the gain. This antenna has been created on a denim substrate with permittivity εr =1.6 and 1.6 mm thickness. The proposed antenna offers a fractional bandwidth of 6.6 % (2.38-2.54 GHz), and an impedance bandwidth about 160 MHz. The antenna has a peak gain of 2.5 dBi without AMC and 4.5 dBi with AMC. To validate the simulation results, a prototype for the proposed antenna has been fabricated and experimentally characterized. Due to its small size, low specific absorption rate (SAR), ease of integration, and robustness, this antenna is a good option for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications.

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30

Chen, Qiang, Hou Zhang, Lu-Chun Yang, Xiao-Fei Zhang, and Yi-Chao Zeng. "Wideband and low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna using AMC-based structure polarization rotation reflective surface." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 9 (June 21, 2018): 1058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000958.

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AbstractThis paper investigates a wideband and low axial ratio circularly polarized (CP) antenna, which is composed of a monopole on a novel polarization rotating reflective surface (PRRS) based on a corner-truncated artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure. By adjusting the dimensions of truncated corner properly, the PRRS has two polarization rotation (PR) frequency points. Then, a large PR band of 18% (5.55–6.65 GHz) can be achieved with two adjacent PR frequency points coming together. The profile of the newly PRRS is only0.04λ0. With corner-truncated AMC-based PRRS loading, a measured impedance bandwidth of 1.8 GHz (5.4–7.2 GHz) and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1 GHz (5.55–6.65 GHz) could be obtained by the monopole antenna and validated by measurements. The values of AR were well below 1 dB at most of the CP region, which show a perfect CP performance. Moreover, the proposed antenna has exhibited a large axial ratio beamwidth in both the xoz- and yoz-planes and a peak gain of 6.1 dBic within the operational bandwidth.

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31

de Cos, MarÃa Elena, Yuri Alvarez Lopez, Ramona Cosmina Hadarig, and Fernando Las-Heras. "FLEXIBLE UNIPLANAR ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTOR." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 106 (2010): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier10061505.

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32

Hadarig, R. C., M. E. de Cos, and F. Las-Heras. "Novel Miniaturized Artificial Magnetic Conductor." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2245093.

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33

de Cos, M. E., and F. Las-Heras. "Novel Flexible Artificial Magnetic Conductor." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/353821.

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A novel flexible uniplanar AMC design is presented. An AMC prototype is manufactured using laser micromachining and it is characterized under flat and bent conditions by measuring its reflection coefficient phase in an anechoic chamber. The designed prototype shows broad AMC operation bandwidth (6.96% and higher) and polarization angle independency. Its angular stability margin, when operating under oblique incidence, is also tested obtaining±8°as limit for a 14.4 cm × 14.4 cm prototype.

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34

Sarrazin, Julien, Anne Claire Lepage, and Xavier Begaud. "Dual-band Artificial Magnetic Conductor." Applied Physics A 109, no. 4 (November 10, 2012): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7409-1.

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35

Ding, Yuan, and Vincent Fusco. "Loading artificial magnetic conductor and artificial magnetic conductor absorber with negative impedance convertor elements." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, no. 9 (June 18, 2012): 2111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27019.

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36

Jafargholi, Amir, Manouchehr Kamyab, and Mehdi Veysi. "Artificial Magnetic Conductor Loaded Monopole Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9 (2010): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2010.2046008.

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37

Abbasi, N. A., and R. J. Langley. "Multiband-integrated antenna/artificial magnetic conductor." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 5, no. 6 (2011): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2010.0200.

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38

Cos, M. E., and F. Las Heras. "Novel uniplanar flexible Artificial Magnetic Conductor." Applied Physics A 109, no. 4 (October 31, 2012): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7373-9.

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39

de Cos, Mara Elena, Yuri Alvarez, Ramona Cosmina Hadarig, and Fernando Las-Heras. "Novel SHF-Band Uniplanar Artificial Magnetic Conductor." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9 (2010): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2010.2041890.

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40

Muhamad, Maizatun, Maisarah Abu, Zahriladha Zakaria, and Hasnizom Hassan. "Novel Artificial Magnetic Conductor for 5G Application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i3.pp636-642.

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A design of novel bendable Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) structures has been presented in this paper in two selected of frequencies at 5G application. These designs started with a square patch shape and continued with the combination of circular and Jerusalem shape which resonate at a frequency of 18 GHz and 28 GHz. Details of the theory and the structures of AMCs are explained. The reflection phase, bandwidth, angular stability and dispersion diagram were studied. The simulated results plotted that the novel AMC has good bandwidth and size is reduced by 53 percent and 55 percent for both frequencies. Other than that, it is also proved that the novel AMC has a stable reflection phase and no band gap performs at the specific frequency. The good performances of this novel AMC make it useful in order to improve antenna’s performance.

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41

Contopanagos, H. F. "A broadband polarized artificial magnetic conductor metasurface." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 34, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 1823–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2020.1791259.

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42

Zhao, Chonglin, Shouming Zhang, Tao Xie, and Lu Zeng. "A novel whisker sensor with variable detection range for object positioning." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080873.

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The design of a whisker sensor, inspired by mammalian whisker characteristics, is presented in this paper. It uses a novel spring structure to transfer the deformation generated by the whisker tip when it touches an object at the base, which drives the permanent magnet installed at the base to change its position. It achieves precise positioning of the object by using the magnetic induction intensity data output from the Hall sensor MLX90393. Based on the results of the finite element model analysis, the detection range of the whisker sensor can be expanded by replacing the artificial whisker material and selecting a permanent magnet of a suitable size. Calibration experiments and positioning tests were conducted on the sensor. The experimental results showed that the detection radius of the sensor was 24, 30, 33, and 39 mm for the carbon fiber, acrylic, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic (ABS), and nylon whiskers, respectively, when they were matched with a NdFeB annular permanent magnet with an aperture of 3 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. The sensor is small and simple to manufacture with good sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, and repeatability. The maximum positioning errors of the X and Y positions in the detection plane of the sensor were within ±1.3 mm, and the positioning was accurate. The sensor can be used to identify the shape of an object.

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43

Deias, Luisa, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Giorgio Montisci, and Giovanni Andrea Casula. "Synthesis of Artificial Magnetic Conductors Using Structure-Based Evolutionary Design." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/607430.

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An evolutionary programming approach, the so-called structure based evolutionary design, is applied to the synthesis of planar periodic electronic band gap in order to obtain an artificial magnetic conductor surface. We show that this strategy, in conjunction with a flexible aperture-oriented approach, allows for obtaining new and effective structures. This almost unique ability is exploited to obtain an artificial magnetic conductor periodic surface with a bandwidth larger than the most popular surfaces known so far.

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44

Umul, Y. Z. "Modified Theory of Physical Optics Approach to Diffraction by an Interface between PEMC and Absorbing Half-Planes." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1679.

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The scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by an interface, located between perfect electromagnetic conductor and absorbing half-planes is investigated. The perfect electromagnetic conductor half-plane is divided into perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor half-screens. The same decomposition is done for the absorbing surface. Then four separate geometries are defined according to this approach. The scattered fields by the four sub-problems are obtained with the aid of the modified theory of physical optics. The resultant scattering integrals are combined in a single expression by using key formulas, defined for the perfect electromagnetic conductor and absorbing surfaces. The scattering integral is asymptotically evaluated for large values of the wave-number and the diffracted and geometric optics fields are obtained. The behaviors of the derived field expressions are analyzed numerically.

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45

Umul, Y. Z. "Modified Theory of Physical Optics Approach to Diffraction by an Interface between PEMC and Absorbing Half-Planes." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1679.

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The scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by an interface, located between perfect electromagnetic conductor and absorbing half-planes is investigated. The perfect electromagnetic conductor half-plane is divided into perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor half-screens. The same decomposition is done for the absorbing surface. Then four separate geometries are defined according to this approach. The scattered fields by the four sub-problems are obtained with the aid of the modified theory of physical optics. The resultant scattering integrals are combined in a single expression by using key formulas, defined for the perfect electromagnetic conductor and absorbing surfaces. The scattering integral is asymptotically evaluated for large values of the wave-number and the diffracted and geometric optics fields are obtained. The behaviors of the derived field expressions are analyzed numerically.

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46

Kanjanasit, Komsan, Pracha Osklang, Terapass Jariyanorawiss, Akkarat Boonpoonga, and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich. "Artificial Magnetic Conductor as Planar Antenna for 5G Evolution." Computers, Materials & Continua 74, no. 1 (2023): 503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.032427.

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47

Saeed, Saud M., Constantine A. Balanis, Craig R. Birtcher, Ahmet C. Durgun, and Hussein N. Shaman. "Wearable Flexible Reconfigurable Antenna Integrated With Artificial Magnetic Conductor." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16 (2017): 2396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2017.2720558.

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48

de Cos, M. E., Y. Alvarez, and F. Las-Heras. "Novel Broadband Artificial Magnetic Conductor With Hexagonal Unit Cell." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2011.2159472.

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49

Presse, Anthony, and Anne-Claude Tarot. "Circuit Model of a Double-Layer Artificial Magnetic Conductor." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15 (2016): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2015.2492002.

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50

Kazantsev, Yu N., G. A. Kraftmakher, and V. P. Mal’tsev. "Tuning the Operating Band of an Artificial Magnetic Conductor." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 64, no. 6 (June 2019): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226919050085.

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