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1
Kana, Timothy W., Mohammad Al-Sarawi, and Michael Holland. "DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIAL BEACHES FOR THE KUWAIT WATERFRONT PROJECT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.187.
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One of the largest recreational waterfront projects ever designed (Sasaki Associates, 1979) is located along 20 kilometers (km) of the City of Kuwait on the Arabian Gulf (Fig. 1). Planning and design were initiated in 1976, and the first phases of construction were completed in 1985. Amenities included artificial beaches, promenades, waterfront parks, and an artificial island. Extensive armoring has also been installed, ranging from 10-ton, dolosse breakwaters to large, quarry-stone revetments. Total investment in the first two phases is upwards of US $100 million.
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et al., Owolabi. "Application of artificial intelligence in the Nigerian building and construction industry." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 10 (October 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.10.005.
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The uniqueness and inherent complexities of the construction industry require the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve its processes and enhance overall competitiveness and performance. This study examined the awareness level and application of AI to provide useful insights into the state of AI applications in the Nigerian construction industry. A quantitative research design with the use of a questionnaire was used to obtain data from 53 construction professionals in the Lagos Island area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The professionals included Quantity Surveyors, Architects, Civil Engineers, Builders, and Estate Surveyors selected based on a purposive sampling technique. Data from the survey were analyzed with frequencies, mean, and ANOVA. The study found that most of the respondents were aware of the application of AI in construction, and there was no difference in the awareness level of the participants irrespective of their professional affiliations, organizational type, and organizational size. Generally, the most common application of AI among the participants surveyed were generative designs in BIM, measurement and estimating software, and the use of sensors in intelligent buildings. Moreover, design and project planning was found to be the most critical areas of need for AI in the study area. The study underscores the need for investments in other AI applications other than BIM and estimating software to improve productivity, performance, and enhance client satisfaction.
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Yang, Zhenglun, Changyuan Tang, Hasi Bagan, Shunichi Satake, Madoka Orimo, Koichiro Fukumoto, and Guangwei Wang. "Groundwater Management in an Uncommon and Artificial Aquifer Based on Kc Approach and MODIS ET Products for Irrigation Assessment in a Subtropical Island." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 6304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246304.
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Groundwater is a critical resource in remote and isolated islands where rainfall hardly provides a continuous and even water supply. In this paper, in a very rare and uncommonly found artificial aquifer on Miyako Island, far away from the main continent of Japan, with limited experimental results of evaluations of crop water requirement, MODIS ET together with crop ETc estimated from Kc coefficient from the nearest island were compared to determine the reliability of the MODIS ET and FAO-56-based ETc value. The testified Kc approach for sugarcane ET was used to assess the risk of irrigation water shortages using historical metrological data and to predict the future risk of irrigation agriculture under different scenarios of GCM models. It was shown that FAO-56-based ETc and MOD16A2 were both applicable for crop evapotranspiration on the island. Then, the response of groundwater storage to gross irrigation water requirement was analyzed to clarify the effect of irrigation on groundwater storage and the risk of groundwater depletion under current and future climatic conditions. Results showed that the construction of the dam efficiently secured the irrigation of sugarcane. Using historical climatic data (1951–2021), the influence of estimated irrigation water requirements on groundwater showed that in 296 out of 852 months, irrigation was heavily required. Over a 71 year period, there was absolutely no water for irrigation four times, or nearly once every 18 years. Under the future projected climate from four bias-corrected GCM models with two emission scenarios (2022–2100), the risk of groundwater depletion both in terms of frequency and duration will increase. Therefore, there is a need for either improvement of irrigation water management or additional construction of artificial aquifers on the island. The study proved the value of ET derived from remote sensing in areas lacking the support of experimental results. The methodology developed in the study can be potentially used to evaluate long-term irrigation demand and groundwater management over dry periods for engineering design or dam construction globally.
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Li, Guangrong, Chaoying Zhao, Baohang Wang, Xiaojie Liu, and Hengyi Chen. "Land Subsidence Monitoring and Dynamic Prediction of Reclaimed Islands with Multi-Temporal InSAR Techniques in Xiamen and Zhangzhou Cities, China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2022): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122930.
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Artificial islands and land reclamation are one of the most important ways to expand urban space in coastal cities. Long-term consolidation of reclaimed material and compaction of marine sediments can cause ground subsidence, which may threaten the buildings and infrastructure on the reclaimed lands. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the land subsidence and predict the future deformation trend to mitigate the damage and take measures for the land reclamation and any infrastructure. In this paper, a total of 125 SAR images acquired by the C-band Sentinel-1A satellite between June 2017 and September 2021 are collected. The small baseline subsets (SBAS) SAR interferometry (InSAR) method is first conducted to detect the land deformation in Xiamen and Zhangzhou cities of Fujian Province, China, and the distributed scatterers (DS)-InSAR method is used to recover the complete deformation history of some typical areas including Xiamen Airport in Dadeng Island and Shuangyu Island. Then, the sequential estimation and the geotechnical model are jointly applied to demonstrate the current and future evolution of land subsidence of the constructed roads on Shuangyu Island. The results show that the maximum cumulative deformation reaches 425 mm of Xiamen Xiang’an Airport and 626 mm of Shuangyu Island, and the maximum deformation is predicted to be as large as 1.1 m by 2026 of Shuangyu Island. This research will provide important guidelines for the design and construction of Xiamen Xiang’an Airport and Shuangyu Island to prevent and control land subsidence.
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Hu, Xiang Dong, and Jin Tai Wang. "The Triaxial Shear Test of Artificially Frozen Soils in Tunnel Construction of Hong Kong." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1653.
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Three kinds of frozen soils were tested for artificial ground freezing (AGF) project in the tunnel construction of Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Works, Hong Kong. Triaxial shear test was conducted to obtain shear strength of frozen soils. From the test, Mohr circles and their envelopes were obtained. According to Mohr circles, shear strength of the three soils was gained. Comparing the three soils, we found the potential weaken layer which might cause failure in the construction. All the parameters obtained can be used in design and construction of AGF practice.
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Ma, Jinchao, Wei Zhong, and Xiaoliu Zhu. "Safety Management in Sea Reclamation Construction: A Case Study of Sanya Airport, China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 16, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2910612.
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Urbanization has increased the burden on land resources. Artificial island construction has been proven as an effective method for addressing these land resource problems; however, few studies have been conducted on the safety of sea reclamation construction. This paper proposes a systemic approach to the complete safety management process in sea reclamation engineering, including safety system design, analysis, control, and assessment, using the Sanya Sea Reclamation Airport, Hainan Province, China, as a case study. A total of 145 steel cylinders must be vibrated and sunk into the seafloor to create a 9 km quay wall. Owing to their large size, the steel cylinders have been divided into different segments, and an assembly jig is employed to ensure a safe production process. Considering the hazardous working environment in sea reclamation construction, a numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the safe repertory of these steel cylinders and verify the reliability of the selected scheme for their transportation. Finally, control measures are adopted to ensure a safe vibration and sinking procedure for the steel cylinders. The proposed approach could be used to provide safety management guidelines for artificial island engineering and construction.
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Subraelu, P., Abdel Azim Ebraheem, Mohsen Sherif, Ahmed Sefelnasr, M. M. Yagoub, and Kakani Nageswara Rao. "Land in Water: The Study of Land Reclamation and Artificial Islands Formation in the UAE Coastal Zone: A Remote Sensing and GIS Perspective." Land 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112024.
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The United Arab Emirate’s rapid population growth is coupled with an increase in the consumption of natural resources such as fresh air, sunlight, land, and water. In the past two decades, the demand for land has augmented both away from the coast and significantly near the coast. Within coastal zones, artificial reclamation of land in the sea is the most desirable way to meet the demand for land necessary for the development of the most modern urban areas. Seaward reclamation (land in the water) necessitates the construction of artificially reclaimed areas that are extended into the sea using innovative modern construction techniques. The majority of these building requirements are necessitated by a number of key factors and have diverse outcomes. Even though this type of urban expansion is not new, the scale and motivations of land reclamation have been drastically altered due to geological and human-induced factors. The purpose of this paper is to assess the increase in seaward land expansion, particularly in the seven UAE coastal emirates. Using satellite data, particularly from 1990 to 2021, the total increase in land due to newly developed reclaimed areas in all UAE coastal emirates is calculated. Satellite images from the Landsat series are used to analyze the tremendous growth since the early 2000s. In addition, the study of shoreline maps of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2021 for the seven emirates revealed that the 22 km long Ajman and UAQ front coast experienced a notable shoreline retreat with a net erosion area of 300 m2 and an annual rate of 30 my−1 over the past 21 years (2000–2021). Depending on the type of construction design used to describe the process, a methodical sorting is also recommended. The impacts of the Dubai offshore reclaimed islands on the adjacent coastlines in Ajman and Umm Al Quwain (UAQ), as well as the potential impact of earthquake tremors along the Zagros fold belt region, are the subjects of this study. In this study, all seven coastal emirates are considered, and the largest reclamation projects are located in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ras-Al Khaimah (RAK), and Fujairah, with Dubai leading the way; it has expanded its coastal areas by more than 68 km2 at present, and another 35 km2 will be reclaimed soon to finish Palm Deira.
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Pi, Ling. "The Construction of Roof Greening Intelligent Management System Based on Wireless Sensor Network Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2074, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2074/1/012086.
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Abstract Roof greening can make up for the problem of urban green deficiency to some extent, add green space for people in urban life, and also alleviate urban ecological problems and heat island effect. With the development of information technology, the development level of modern automation is higher and higher. Information has penetrated into various industries. So it is very important to develop intelligent management system(IMS) of roof greening to use information technology reasonably. At present, roof greening is mainly artificial operation management, and there are many random factors and can not guarantee that roof greening is always the best state. Irrigation system is also very simple. Therefore, this paper proposes the research and construction of IMS of Roof Greening Based on wireless sensor network(WSN) technology. This paper describes the frame design of IMS of roof greening and the overall design of IMS of roof greening. The design factors of WSN are also studied. The plant survival rate of intelligent management and natural growth is studied by field detection. The effect of roof greening on reducing heat island effect is proved by data chart. The experimental results show that the survival rate of plants under the care of intelligent roof greening system is 91.27, while the natural growth survival rate is only 67.32. At the same time, the green roof plays a great role in the heat island effect. When the sun is the strongest at 12:00 noon, the temperature of the green roof is 25 degrees, while the common roof is 32 degrees.
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Zhang, Wenjing. "The Influence of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge on the Development of Urban Agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6483176.
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Known as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai, and Macao. The bridge, which lasted 14 years from design to construction, spans the Lingdingyang waters of the South China Sea to the west, connects Macao and Zhuhai artificial islands, and ends at Zhuhai Hongwan. The bridge, which shortens the traffic distance between the three places and allows the economy, culture, and technology of the three places to communicate with each other, opened up a new world. This paper intends to review the process of the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and sort out the expected benefits of the bridge’s opening to traffic. Then, the paper explains the new situation faced by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Based on the outward service function model of city flow and the interaction strength model, we conduct an empirical study on the economic status of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper analyzes the interaction between the cities which are in the Greater Bay Area and uses panel data to conduct regression analysis to verify the important impact of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge on the development of cities in the Pearl River Delta. Finally, conclusions are drawn: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is undoubtedly of positive significance to strengthen economic and social ties between the West Bank of the Pearl River and Hong Kong, and Hong Kong has a large economic radiation capacity to the cities that are in the Pearl River Delta and Macao in the construction, finance, transportation, warehousing, and communications industries. And corresponding suggestions are put forward.
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Chiu, Ying-Chiao, Po-Han Chen, and Wen-Cheng Liao. "Empirical Study on Weather Resistance of White Artificial Stones in Subtropical Island Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031509.
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White building components, whether decorative or the overall structure, are susceptible to extreme weathering conditions, which affect the durability of the building’s external surface. In particular, white natural stone materials can provide buildings with beauty, durability, and sustainability, but this beauty is affected by key factors determining their weather resistance, namely physical properties such as porosity and acid and alkali resistances. As indicated by a past study, marble used as the exterior wall of a building in a similar environment will exhibit tarnishing after six months of weathering. Taiwan is a subtropical island, so the weather resistance of building materials to this environment is worthy of attention. As pointed out by the study, raw stone materials containing zirconium and silica can have greater weather resistance, do not easily change color, and possess good stress resistance properties. Focusing on this, this study attempted to identify stone materials with such compositions and sent samples to SGS (Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A., New Taipei City, Taiwan) for testing of weather resistance. This paper uses Spanish artificial stones for the study and observes the changes in the surface cleanliness on two buildings in Yilan County and Taipei in Taiwan after exposure to sun and rain. The experiments were conducted over two years. The study results showed that the artificial stones displayed no change in outward appearance under both rainy and acid rain environments. In Yilan, construction of an exterior wall was carried out in February 2018. The exterior wall used the white artificial stone directly from the manufacturer, and the black artificial stone with added paint for stone protection. After two months, the black artificial stone covered with paint exhibited a change in color and stains appeared on the surface, while the white artificial stone not covered with paint maintained the same cleanliness after two years. In Taipei, white Spanish artificial stone was used for the exterior wall of an entire building block in February 2020. After the frame was dismantled in September 2020, the color was found to be unaffected, being as pure white as it was when new. Therefore, this study selected Spanish artificial stone for the design of a building’s exterior wall, as the cleanliness of the stone surface is not affected and it has good applicability in rainy and acid rain island environments.
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Shu, Anping, Matteo Rubinato, Jiping Qin, Jiapin Zhu, Tao Sun, Wei Yang, Mengyao Wang, and Ziyue Zhang. "The Hydrodynamic Characteristics Induced by Multiple Layouts of Typical Artificial M-Type Reefs with Sea Currents Typical of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111155.
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Artificial reefs are effective measures to improve the marine ecological environment and increase fishery production. However, there are several geometries being investigated nowadays and their setup, including the spacing between groups of them, can provide dissimilar effects on hydrodynamics. To enhance the understanding of this topic, in this paper, the focus is mainly on M-Type artificial reefs that will be adopted in Juehua Island, Liaodong Bay, China. An experimental campaign was carried out in order to simulate the influence that M-Type unit reef groups may have on the local flow field and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique has been implemented to provide velocity maps. The results showed that with the increase of velocity’s current approaching the artificial reef, the height, length and area of the upwelling and the back vortex rise with the increase of spacing between the artificial reefs. Furthermore, when comparing different geometrical configurations with similar currents approaching the artificial reef, the maximum values of both upwelling and back vortex were obtained when the spacing between unit reefs was 1.25 L. Finally, the entropy method was used to evaluate the effects on the flow field under four kinds of spacing based on the hydrodynamic characteristics and the economic cost. The comprehensive score obtained for all the configurations followed the order 1.25 L > 1.50 L > 0.75 L > 1.00 L. Therefore, it is suggested that the original design spacing should be increased by 25% when the M-type unit reef is put into practice. Additionally, after having completed a comparative analysis, it is recommended to further change the reef group into four reef monocases. By executing this adjustment, the unit reef cost was reduced by 10%, and the influence range on the flow field increased by 10%, and this result can consequently achieve greater ecological benefits with less economic input. The results of this study provide a preliminary reference for the construction of artificial reefs M-Type from the perspective of theory and practice.
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Semenov, Dmitrii, and Svetlana Kaloshina. "Innovative technology construction of artificial islands." PNRPU Construction and Architecture Bulletin 7, no. 4 (2016): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2016.4.08.
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Malerba, Martino E., Nicholas Wright, and Peter I. Macreadie. "A Continental-Scale Assessment of Density, Size, Distribution and Historical Trends of Farm Dams Using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020319.
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Farm dams are a ubiquitous limnological feature of agricultural landscapes worldwide. While their primary function is to capture and store water, they also have disproportionally large effects on biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling, with important relevance to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the abundance and distribution of farm dams is unknown in most parts of the world. Therefore, we used artificial intelligence and remote sensing data to address this critical global information gap. Specifically, we trained a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) on high-definition satellite images to detect farm dams and carry out the first continental-scale assessment on density, distribution and historical trends. We found that in Australia there are 1.765 million farm dams that occupy an area larger than Rhode Island (4678 km2) and store over 20 times more water than Sydney Harbour (10,990 GL). The State of New South Wales recorded the highest number of farm dams (654,983; 37% of the total) and Victoria the highest overall density (1.73 dams km−2). We also estimated that 202,119 farm dams (11.5%) remain omitted from any maps, especially in South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Three decades of historical records revealed an ongoing decrease in the construction rate of farm dams, from >3% per annum before 2000, to ~1% after 2000, to <0.05% after 2010—except in the Australian Capital Territory where rates have remained relatively high. We also found systematic trends in construction design: farm dams built in 2015 are on average 50% larger in surface area and contain 66% more water than those built in 1989. To facilitate sharing information on sustainable farm dam management with authorities, scientists, managers and local communities, we developed AusDams.org—a free interactive portal to visualise and generate statistics on the physical, environmental and ecological impacts of farm dams.
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Bogatyreva, E. V., R. M. Bayasan, M. N. Mansurov, T. I. Lapteva, and L. A. Kopaeva. "On Geodynamic Stability and Safety of the Facilities for the Development of Deposits of the Arctic Coastal Shelf." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 11 (November 2022): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-11-63-71.
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The article considers a range of the scientific and technical problems, the solution of which will allow to improve the reliability and safety of the offshore oil and gas production, since the current level of technical means development for drilling wells and hydrocarbon production does not always guarantee the safety of processes even in well-studied onshore conditions. Safe development of the offshore oil and gas fields is threatened by: hazardous phenomena and processes in the geological environment (including endogenous and exogenous processes); extreme hydrometeorological factors; errors at all stages of the development (engineering surveys, design, construction, etc.); abnormal technological processes; technogenic hazards, etc. The least predictable are the spatial patterns of changes in the engineering-geological conditions and the activity of the geological processes to determine zones of the geological hazard. Incorrect conclusions of the designers and prospectors, shortcomings of the monitoring system and measures of engineering protection of the developed territories are the cause of emergency situations at oil and gas facilities. The article considers three fields of the Yamal Peninsula: Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye and Kruzenshternskoye, which differ from each other in landscape and geocryological conditions. For the onshore Bovanenkovskoye field, the most appropriate is the placement of the objects within the land terraces. The Kharasaveyskoye field, two-thirds of which is onshore and one-third offshore in the Kara Sea, is developed by the onshore directional and horizontal wells. The most difficult are the conditions of the Kruzenshternskoye field: on the shallow shelf and flooded areas of land, there is a wide distribution of silts, flowing clays, etc., which have low strength and strong compressibility extending to an unknown depth. They can lead to significant drawdown of the artificial islands. Permafrost rocks, gas-saturated soils and near-surface zones of abnormally high reservoir pressure were also identified. For the identified conditions, measures are defined to ensure the stability of the geological environment to technogenic interactions, as well as the tasks of developing scientific and methodological control and preventing risks associated with hazardous fluid-dynamic processes in the cryolithospheric layer of the Arctic shelf.
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Gasemi, Sona, Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi, Ali Zare, Parvin Farshchi, and Hermidas Bavand. "Geopolitical and environmental study of artificial islands in the Persian Gulf (from the perspective of international law)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_197.
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According to the Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, constructing artificial island is permitted and countries can construct artificial islands in their own territory. Constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Iran, to pursue the issue with more sensitivity. According to data dissemination principle of International Environmental Law, the countries that construct artificial islands should notify other states regarding construction and properties of their own artificial islands. Today, artificial island construction is being increased and this has caused many environmental crises including increase of water darkness and pollution and transport of coastal sediments. In this study, the destructive results of constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf environment, the effect of development of new land space from geopolitical view, and also constructing artificial islands from the viewpoint of International Law of the seas are being reviewed. Moreover, according to the fact that the notion of governance in modern International Law have been modified regarding the use of environment and sustainable development, the states will have limited right to construct artificial islands.
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An, Yong Ning, Kun Yang, and Jing Li. "Study on Hydrodynamic and Erosion-Deposition Change after Artificial Islands Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.227.
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Construction of offshore artificial islands may cause change on hydrodynamic and erosion-deposition characteristics. By predicting the current and sediment field of LongKou Bay with Mike21 model, This paper assesses the influence of the construction of artificial islands in aspects of hydrodynamic and erosion-deposition environment. Simulating results show that the relative hydrodynamic characteristics have dramatically changed. The results also show that the deposition-dominating areas are located at the north and southwest side, while the west side area is dominated by erosion. The area inside the waterway of artificial islands deposits severely under the southwest windy condition.
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An, Yong Ning, Kun Yang, Ying Wang, and Jing Li. "Effect on Trend of Coastal Geomorphological Evolution after Construction of Artificial Islands in Longkou Bay." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3308.
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By calculating coastal sediment transport rate and analyzing historical data in this paper, the effect on trend of coastal geomorphological evolution after the construction of the artificial islands in Longkou Bay is studied. The results show that the north coast of artificial islands is in a state of equilibrium in sediments erosion and deposition, the channel between land and islands is in strong deposited state, the coast erosion degree outside of the wave shadow zone where in the south of Jie River has been strengthened. The deposited rate caused by sediments that the Jie River carried and coastal sediment transported in the channel between land and islands is about 12.5cm/a after the construction of artificial islands.
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Efimova, Valeriya, Karl Shkhinek, and Nikolay Belyaev. "Problems Concerning Gravel Islands Constructing and Exploitation in the Arctic Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.251.
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Drilling operations conducted from artificial islands are both feasible and economical in shallow waters. Accumulated experience in the construction and operation of artificial gravel islands are analysed. Capital protection of island’ slopes against the action of ice and waves are considered.
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Ng, Kiat, Tony Thomas, Michael R. Phillips, Helena Calado, Paulo Borges, and Fernando Veloso-Gomes. "Multifunctional artificial reefs for small islands." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 220–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133314567581.
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Multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs) have been growing in popularity over the last decade. They are offshore submerged structures which provide coastal protection while also enhancing marine and recreational amenities such as surfing and beach widening. A feasibility study was undertaken for São Miguel Island (Azores) where island-wide general site-selection criteria and local site-specific parameters identified São Roque reef as a potential MFAR location. Expert knowledge addressed multidisciplinary aspects through semi-guided interviews, which provided evaluation criteria for the São Roque reef development. Wave changes before and after reef reprofiling were determined using the Regional Coastal Process WAVE propagation model (CEDAS/RCPWAVE). Results demonstrated additional coastal protection to the historic church and existing seawalls, and no adverse effects on the updrift São Roque and downdrift Pópulo Milicias beaches. Further simulation for an extended reef (30 m seaward) showed model sensitivity together with a greater reduction in approaching wave heights. This analysis suggested that the further seaward the reef is extended, the greater the coastal protection afforded. It also denoted longer, rideable surfing waves and greater substrate surface area for marine colonization, while conversely having an increasing effect on downdrift Pópulo Milicias beach, construction costs and footprint impact. An optimal solution will provide a balance to these advantages and disadvantages. A SWOT analysis showed the potential of capitalizing internal strengths and external opportunities to offset internal weaknesses and external threats. With global growing emphasis on the importance of incorporating amenity values into coastal protection works, this research informs alternative solutions for other small islands, especially similar small volcanic islands.
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Jiao, Zhi Bin, Hui Ming Tan, Shu Hong Zhang, and Tao Tao Mei. "Research on Automatic Safety Monitoring System for Artificial Islands." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.840.
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To meet the needs of the security for the oil and gas production, the safety monitoring methods and technical requirements for the artificial islands in coastal areas during the operation periods are presented. This thesis constructs on the basis of safety monitoring during artificial island operation periods in Jidong Nanpu ilfield, which develops and establishes automatic safety monitoring system of artificial island in China for the first time. The result of preliminary operating shows that the artificial island 1-3# exhibits obvious differential settlement and shrinkage phenomenon during the operation periods. The research results provide ten technical basis and guarantees for the safety construction and management of artificial islands .It will play a guiding role in the safety monitoring during the operation periods.
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Karelov, Aleksandr, Karl Shkhinek, and Nikolay Belyaev. "Using of Ice for Constructing Islands in the Arctic Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.245.
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Artificial, grounded ice islands built by controlled flooding of the sea ice surface with sea water have been used for exploratory drilling in the Arctic offshore. Islands fabricated from ice are becoming more prevalent as offshore oil speculation in the Arctic gains more interest. Ice has been a strategic building material in the Arctic for the construction of roads, airstrips, housing, and, in the last few decades, as temporary drilling platforms to explore for oil. This article describes various methods of artificial ice building, the advantages and disadvantages of using man-made ice islands for exploratory drilling.
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Jackson, Mark, and Veronica della Dora. "“Dreams so Big Only the Sea Can Hold Them”: Man-Made Islands as Anxious Spaces, Cultural Icons, and Travelling Visions." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 9 (January 1, 2009): 2086–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41237.
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This paper explores a new phenomenon which is assuming global proportions: the planning and construction of artificial islands. Varying in size, shape, and purpose, man-made islands are looming on the horizons of an increasing number of aspiring global cities and regions at the margins of global capitalism. From the Persian Gulf to the Black Sea, from the Caribbean to the North Sea, artificial islands are increasingly embraced as spectacular, technical signifiers of global participation and urban economic progress: as the ‘new cultural icons’. Appropriated in different contexts, island projects, however, can be (and are) also resignified. They thus change in form, meaning, and use. While islands have been objects of renewed interest in cultural and historical geography, surprisingly, these new man-made landforms seem to have gone largely unnoticed. This paper suggests a research agenda to engage with artificial islands as a new ‘metageographical’ category of emergent, yet historically resonant, social space.
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Tsermegas, Irena. "Anthropogenic transformation of the relief of the Aegean Islands." Miscellanea Geographica 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgrsd-2015-0009.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to present the role of human impact in the forming and transformation of the relief of the Aegean Islands. The most significant changes (with a displacement of more than 10 bln m3 of rock material) are related to the creation of road infrastructure and the construction of agricultural terraces. In order to create stone buildings, 20 mln m3 of rock material was used; for the purposes of air transport a surface area of nearly 2.5 km2 was levelled; many kilometres of artificial shorelines were created and at least 4.5 mln m3 of material was displaced for the purposes of the construction of artificial reservoirs of a total capacity of more than 25 mln m3. A huge amount of material was removed as a result of mining activities. The indirect impact of economic activities on the relief of the discussed area includes mainly slope, fluvial and coastal processes.
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Marchewka, M., and J. Zubrzycki. "Construction aspects of intraocular artificial lenses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2412, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2412/1/012011.
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Abstract A cataract is a disease of the 21st century. In highly developed countries, the opacification of the intraocular lens is removed and replaced with an implant. This article discusses the essential aspects related to the construction of implants that imitate the natural lens of the eyeball. The research was carried out owing to X-ray microtomography. Observer design differences in the two lenses' structures contribute to the implant's quality in question. The study aimed to check and compare two types of implants in terms of the design and manufacturing quality of the given lenses. The common element of the implants in question was their material and manufacturer. Lenses of the same material were used to maintain the same optics. The results gave a comparison in terms of the quality of the product in terms of the creation and modelling of the lenses than the properties of the material itself from which they were made.
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Kim, Do-Myoung, Hikaru Nakazawa, Mitsuo Umetsu, Takashi Matsuyama, Nobuhiro Ishida, Akinori Ikeuchi, Haruo Takahashi, Ryutaro Asano, and Izumi Kumagai. "A nanocluster design for the construction of artificial cellulosomes." Catalysis Science & Technology 2, no. 3 (2012): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cy00371f.
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Tehranizadeh, M., and M. Safi. "Application of artificial intelligence for construction of design spectra." Engineering Structures 26, no. 6 (May 2004): 707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.12.006.
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Doroshenko, Anna. "Applying Artificial Neural Networks In Construction." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301029.
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Currently, artificial neural networks (ANN) are used to solve the following complex problems: pattern recognition, speech recognition, complex forecasts and others. The main applications of ANN are decision making, pattern recognition, optimization, forecasting, data analysis. This paper presents an overview of applications of ANN in construction industry, including energy efficiency and energy consumption, structural analysis, construction materials, smart city and BIM technologies, structural design and optimization, application forecasting, construction engineering and soil mechanics.
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Altamura, Raffaele, Jiten Doshi, and Yaakov Benenson. "Rational design and construction of multi-copy biomanufacturing islands in mammalian cells." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1214.
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Abstract Cell line development is a critical step in the establishment of a biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. Current protocols rely on random transgene integration and amplification. Due to considerable variability in transgene integration profiles, this workflow results in laborious screening campaigns before stable producers can be identified. Alternative approaches for transgene dosage increase and integration are therefore highly desirable. In this study, we present a novel strategy for the rapid design, construction, and genomic integration of engineered multiple-copy gene constructs consisting of up to 10 gene expression cassettes. Key to this strategy is the diversification, at the sequence level, of the individual gene cassettes without altering their protein products. We show a computational workflow for coding and regulatory sequence diversification and optimization followed by experimental assembly of up to nine gene copies and a sentinel reporter on a contiguous scaffold. Transient transfections in CHO cells indicates that protein expression increases with the gene copy number on the scaffold. Further, we stably integrate these cassettes into a pre-validated genomic locus. Altogether, our findings point to the feasibility of engineering a fully mapped multi-copy recombinant protein ‘production island’ in a mammalian cell line with greatly reduced screening effort, improved stability, and predictable product titers.
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Lee, Jung Tae. "China's the Construction of Artificial Islands in the South China Sea and PCA Ruling." Korean Journal of Political Science 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34221/kjps.2016.24.4.7.
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Oral, Nilüfer. "International Law as an Adaptation Measure to Sea-level Rise and Its Impacts on Islands and Offshore Features." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 34, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13431094.
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AbstractClimate change-induced sea-level rise will result in the partial or complete inundation of low-lying coastal areas and insular features. The consequences of this include the loss of baselines from which maritime zones are established. The loss of baselines raises a number of legal questions, in particular concerning the legal status of maritime entitlements and in some cases the potential loss of statehood. Solutions proposed include maintaining existing baselines or outer limits of maritime zones, or the construction de novo of artificial islands. This article examines the current state of international law under the international climate-change regime and the law of the sea in relation to adaptation and adaptive measures, such as maintaining of baselines, island fortification and the construction of artificial islands. In addition, the article explores the question as to whether measures such as maintaining baselines would constitute adaptive measures under the existing climate-change regime.
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Stubbs, Matthew, and Dale Stephens. "Dredge Your Way to China?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00201004.
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This article examines five of the most important legal issues arising from Chinese reclamation and construction in disputed areas of the South China Sea. First, does the construction have any impact on competing territorial claims in the South China Sea? Second, does the construction affect rights to maritime zones? This involves consideration of the differing legal significance of islands, rocks, low tide elevations and artificial islands, the relevance of land reclamation and construction in this context, and the resulting implications for maritime zones including territorial seas, eezs and safety zones. Third, are there other legal consequences arising from the Chinese activity (for example, on environmental grounds)? Fourth, does the construction bolster any potential ability of China to impose an Air Defence Identification Zone in the South China Sea? Fifth, what is the significance – legally and practically – of the award in the South China Sea Arbitration?
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Wen, Ke Jun, Li Ping Wu, Qian Qian Yan, Jia Liu, Qin He, and Si Qiong Li. "Ecological Design of Ternary of Artificial Landscaping Lake." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6822.
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Taking the ecological design of Mingfei Lake in our school as an example, the paper puts forward a general thinking of planning and Construction of water ecosystem, which is “pollutant reduction- environment control-transport pollutant intercepting-sustainable development”, and basing on the ternary theory of the landscape planning and design. By starting from the structural design of ecological non-biological components, structure configuration of aquatic plants and animals and construction of lakeshore functional facilities, it can be realistic to maintain the ecological functions sustainability of “water security, water environment, water landscape, water culture and water economy”.
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Chen, Su, Lei Chao, Jun Zhao, Ning Chen, Lin Shan Wang, Xin Liu, and Li Na Sun. "Application and Development of Artificial Floating Island Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.696.
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As a rising phytoremediation technology, artificial floating island technology is increasingly used in wastewater purification. In this paper, studies on artificial floating islands at home and abroad were overviewed, including the variety of floating island, construction method of artificial floating island and the water improvement principle of artificial floating island. Artificial floating island technology is a kind of new ecological environment technology with many functions, such as pollutant purification, habitat restoration, ecosystem restoration, and landscape improvement. It has good application prospects in the area of comprehensive water body control.
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Mawyer, Alexander. "Floating Islands, Frontiers, and Other Boundary Objects on the Edge of Oceania’s Futurity." Pacific Affairs 94, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2021941123.
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Technological advances have challenged numerous social and political domains over recent decades, including the materialities and imaginaries of islands and islandness in Oceania. Since the early 2000s, a plurality of schemes, discourses, politics, anxieties, and hopes have coalesced around the possible construction of artificial islands, referred to as floating islands, floating nations, floating cities, or seasteads, depending on the new islands’ imagined purposes and peoples. If achieved, these new, de novo, islands will contribute to an ongoing regional geopolitical remaking that requires urgent attention. However, in examining floating islands as boundary objects, this article suggests that, even if never realized, they are exceptional points of focus for perceiving and reflecting on the uncanny, disruptive character of capital at work in the contemporary Pacific Islands in tension with multi-state regional policy initiatives for collective governance and sustainable ocean management. Moreover, this article argues that floating islands are not the only “artificial islands” producing tensions between communities, states, and international ocean governance frameworks. Deep-sea concessions for mineral exploitation, the spatialization of high-seas fishing rights, and large- and small-scale conservation zones similarly raise issues of the fixity or fluidity of territoriality, sovereignty, rights of access and restriction to common or uncommon marine spaces and their resources, as well as conflicting imaginaries and ideologies around the ocean and Oceania as an open frontier.
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Talashkin, Gennadiy N. "Features design and construction of artificial structures for Maglev - roads." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162435-59.
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The article is devoted to the design and construction of artificial structures. Introduction. A brief analysis of foreign experience in the design and construction of bridges and overpasses for roads with magnetic levitation technology (maglev-roads). The basic parameters and design and technology solutions span structures of various sections and pillars. Analysis: Based on international experience, discussed the use of different materials for possible use in the construction of roads, maglev, such as concrete and steel, as well as composite materials. The operation of superstructures of various lengths and systems. The estimation of man-made structures of a continuous system, which can reduce their material consumption due to a more favorable distribution of forces arising in the beams. Results: The possible construction methods magnetic levitation roads, such as the use of scaffolding , moving from a flight to flight as the concreting sections, as well as the method of cyclical longitudinal sliding, which combines the serial production of sections of continuous superstructure on the stocks and longitudinal shifting collected whip of several sections on axis of the bridge. Conclusions: Formulated the main technical problem related to the construction of artificial structures.
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Janowitz, Daniel, Sophie Groche, Süleyman Yüce, Thomas Melin, and Thomas Wintgens. "Can Large-Scale Offshore Membrane Desalination Cost-Effectively and Ecologically Address Water Scarcity in the Middle East?" Membranes 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030323.
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The Middle East will face tremendous water scarcity by 2050, which can only be mitigated by large-scale reverse osmosis seawater desalination. However, the coastal land in the region is rare and costly, so outsourcing the desalination facility to artificial islands could become a realistic scenario. This study investigated the ecological and economic challenges and possible advantages of that water supply option by analysing conceptual alternatives for offshore membrane-based desalination plants of up to 600 MCM/y capacity. Key environmental impacts and mitigation strategies were identified, and a detailed economic analysis was conducted to compare the new approach to state-of-the-art. The economic analysis included calculating the cost of water production (WPC) and discussing the differences between offshore alternatives and a conventional onshore desalination plant. In addition, the study investigated the impact of a changing energy mix and potential carbon tax levels on the WPC until 2050. The results indicate that offshore desalination plants have ecological advantages compared to onshore desalination plants. Furthermore, the construction cost for the artificial islands has a much lower effect on the WPC than energy cost. In contrast, the impact of potential carbon tax levels on the WPC is significant. The specific construction cost ranges between 287 $/m2 and 1507 $/m2 depending on the artificial island type and distance to the shoreline, resulting in a WPC between 0.51 $/m3 and 0.59 $/m3. This work is the first to discuss the environmental and economic effects of locating large-scale seawater desalination plants on artificial islands.
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Muratov, Maxim V., Vladimir A. Biryukov, Denis S. Konov, and Igor B. Petrov. "Mathematical modeling of temperature changes impact on artificial ice islands." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2021.13.079.
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The article is devoted to the numerical solution of the Stefan problem for thermal effects on an artificial ice island. For modern tasks of the development of the Arctic, associated with the exploration and production of minerals, it is important to create artificial ice islands in the Arctic shelf, due to the speed of their construction, economic feasibility and other factors. The most important task for the exploitation of such islands is their stability, including against melting. This paper discusses the issue of the stability of ice islands to melting. For this, the Stefan problem on the change in the phase state of matter is formulated. An enthalpy solution method is constructed, and the applicability of this method is considered. For the numerical solution, the Peasman-Reckford scheme is used, which is unconditionally spectrally stable in the two-dimensional case, which allows to freely choose the time step. In addition, the developed approach takes into account the flow of water and the flow of melted water, which is important in the task at hand. The developed computational algorithms are parallelized for use on modern multiprocessor computing systems An approach is implemented for modeling thermal processes in the thickness of an arbitrary mass of substances, taking into account arbitrary initial conditions, environmental conditions, tidal currents of water, and solar radiation. This approach was used to calculate the temperature distribution in the thickness of the ice island, as well as to study the impact of seasonal temperature changes on the stability of the island.
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van Ginkel, Marloes. "Aquifer design for freshwater storage and recovery in artificial islands and coastal expansions." Hydrogeology Journal 23, no. 4 (April 21, 2015): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1245-2.
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Viola, Benita, and Muhammad Shalahuddin Yusuf. "THE LEGALITY OF DENMARK’S ARTIFICIAL ISLAND (LYNETTEHOLM) IN INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 5, no. 2 (August 3, 2022): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v5i2.766.
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The Danish parliament approved the construction of an artificial island called Lynetteholm, which aims to house 35,000 residents and protect the Port of Copenhagen from rising sea levels. Construction of Lynetteholm will take approximately 50 years, and the island will be 2.6 km2 in size. Since the regulation regarding Artificial Island can only be found in the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) which is not complete regulatory support along with no other regulations that can provide specifications regarding the implementation rules for the construction of an artificial island, both provisions and prohibitions in the process of making Artificial Island. This long-term development could cause a damage towards the marine life and cause air pollution in the construction area due to heavy trucks, change in the ocean currents in the Danish and Swedish oceans due to the size of the island, and cause potential changes to the territorial sea boundaries of Denmark’s EEZ. As long as the legal regulations regarding Artificial Island have not been made specifically and in detail, large-scale and long-term construction of artificial islands that cause legal problems will continue to occur in the future. Therefore, the making of special rules regarding Artificial Island has become a real urgency at this time. Denmark has an obligation to conduct a re-assess regarding problems that may arise as well as those that are contrary to UNCLOS.
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Katayose, Haruhiro, Keiji Hirata, Toshinobu Harada, Rumi Hiraga, and Atsushi Kasao. "Design Assistance by Example and Construction of Evaluation Basis." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 18 (2003): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.18.24.
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Ali, M., M. B. Zaman, H. Prastowo, T. Pitana, D. Priyanta, N. Siswantoro, and W. Busse. "Design and Operating System of Floating Waste Treatment Facility in Belakang Padang." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012053.
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Abstract The district of Belakang Padang consists of 108 islands. On these islands, 43 islands are inhabited and 65 islands are uninhabited. The source of pollution on this island comes from community activities on land, such as throwing garbage in the sea and so on. In this paper, Floating Waste Treatment Facility will be designed on Self-Propelled Barge (SPB) with principle dimension: Lpp = 13 m; B = 2.48 m; and T = 0.589 m. The barge can accommodate 7 tons of waste consisting of a garbage tank and a sorting process along with a plastic press machine to reduce the volume of plastic waste. In the calculation of the volume requirement for waste weighing 7 tons, that is 16.43 m3. With an estimated 9 hours of sorting work, it can meet the volume of waste needs. The total investment for the construction of this facility is Rp 362,087,076.12 and the annual operating costs are Rp 458,692,802.67. This facility is feasible to build because of the value of several economic metrics as follows: NPV Rp 488,234,793; IRR 26% and PI 2,348.
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Ghaffari, Karang, Tavakkol Habibzadeh, Mortaza Najafi Asfad, and Reza Mousazadeh. "Construction of Artificial Islands in Southern Coast of the Persian Gulf from the Viewpoint of International Environmental Law." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p264.
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Among the rapid and rampant costal developments of Persian Gulf region, creating artificial islands is one of new-emerging and developing phenomena in this area. Extensive activities initiated by The United Arab Emirates and other countries of the southern coast of Persian Gulf to create such islands, have had widespread environmental consequences and have led to the criticism of environmentalists. International environmental law has complied comprehensive rules and regulations in order to protect the environment, in particular, protecting the marine environment. Numerous conventions have focused on the issue of marine environment protection, and have mentioned the obligations and responsibilities of states regarding the damages and pollutions to the environment caused by their developmental activities. Persian Gulf coastal states, which are mostly a member of these conventions, are obliged to observe the environmental obligations and regulations related to their widespread activities in the coasts of Persian Gulf, which often leads to drying the sea and land reclamation.
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Sulandari, Sulandari, Dian Wardana, Laili Suryani, Ibnu Akbar, Akbar Hasadi Putra S, and Rita Juliani. "Design and Construction of A Bunut Oven Based on Artificial Intelligence." Jurnal Geliga Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 9, no. 2 (March 3, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jgs.9.2.99-106.
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Artificial Intelligence-based shoe oven design has been carried out to provide an even heating process for leather shoes so that the shoe bends are perfect. The process of making leather shoes is carried out in several stages, namely designing an oven using solid work software, collecting quality tools and materials, making shoe ovens, making Arduino programs and Artificial Intelligence applications using MIT App Inventor, and testing. The shoe oven has two main chambers, namely the combustion chamber and the shoe heating chamber. The shoe oven works with the help of an Artificial Intelligence application that can monitor and control the oven with a maximum distance of 5 meters through the monitoring mode and the input set setting mode. The shoe oven is set to a temperature of (50-55)oC with a heating time of (30-60) minutes and has the ability to withstand constant heat for 45 minutes to dry the leather and perfect the curve of the shoe with the help of Arduino. Artificial Intelligence-based shoe ovens can improve shoe quality in a faster and controlled time.
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Kovacic, Suzana, Laleh Samii, Paul M. G. Curmi, Heiner Linke, Martin J. Zuckermann, and Nancy R. Forde. "Design and Construction of the Lawnmower, An Artificial Burnt-Bridges Motor." IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 14, no. 3 (April 2015): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2015.2393872.
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Kheirikhah, Mohammad Mahdi. "Design and construction of an artificial finger based on SMA actuators." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (January 20, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2013/v6i1.1.
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Al-Tabtabai, H., N. Kartam, I. Flood, and A. P. Alex. "Construction project control using artificial neural networks." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001839.
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AbstractArtificial neural networks are finding wide application to a variety of problems in civil engineering. This paper describes how artificial neural networks can be applied in the area of construction project control. A project control system capable of predicting and monitoring project performance (e.g., cost variance and schedule variance) based on observations made from the project environment is described. This project control system has five neural network modules that allow a project manager to automatically generate revised project plans at regular intervals during the progress of the project. These five modules are similar in design and implementation. Therefore, this paper will present the main issues involved in the development of one of these five neural network modules, that is, the module for identifying schedule variance. A description of a graphical user interface integrating the neural network modules developed with project management software, and a discussion on the power and limitations of the overall system conclude the paper.
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Rodríguez-Martín, Jesica, Noelia Cruz-Pérez, and Juan C. Santamarta. "Maritime Climate in the Canary Islands and its Implications for the Construction of Coastal Infrastructures." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-01-02.
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Islands are isolated systems that depend on maritime trade for their subsistence. Efficient, durable and structurally reliable port infrastructures are essential for the economic and social development of islands. However, not all port infrastructures are designed in the same way. They can vary, depending on whether they are built on continental land, built on non-volcanic islands or built on volcanic oceanic islands (such as the Canary Islands, Spain). The latter islands are the subject of this study due to their specific features, construction difficulties and the importance of sound maritime infrastructures. The maritime climate of an area consists of the wave and storm regimes that affect it and, from these, the coastal dynamics and coastal formations of that area can be studied. For this reason, historical data were collated on significant directional wave heights from 1958 to 2015 from several WANA-SIMAR points in the virtual buoy network of State Ports of Spain located near the Canary Islands. These data have been studied to obtain the maximum directional wave heights (Hs) at each point. With this analysis, we have obtained useful summary tables to calculate wave height by a graphic method that transforms the distribution function into a line drawn on probabilistic paper, using reduced variables. This enables adjustments to be made by linear regression and minimum square methods to facilitate planning and design of maritime infrastructures in a reliable way. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-02 Full Text: PDF
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Fu, Tianmeng, Li Zhang, Bowei Chen, and Min Yan. "Human Disturbance on the Land Surface Environment in Tropical Islands: A Remote Sensing Perspective." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092100.
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Geographically isolated islands are under great stress due to global climate change, as well as the social and environmental issues relating to human activities. It is necessary to monitor and analyze the spatial–temporal changes of the land surface environment in species-rich tropical islands in order to realize the sustainable development and protection of island areas. In this study, we extracted the land cover and coastline information of three tropical islands from 1990 to 2020 based on the Google Earth Engine platform and the Random Forest algorithm. The results showed that: (1) different tropical islands have similar characteristics in terms of land surface environment changes, with the amount of artificial surface and cultivated land increasing, the forest and mangrove areas decreasing, and the amount of artificial coastline increasing; (2) human disturbance plays an important role in changes in the land surface environment. Population growth, immigration policies, food security, and human activities related to achieving economic profits are likely responsible for these land cover changes; and (3) the main factors driving coastline changes include natural processes (topography, ecological ecosystems, sea-level rise, sea waves, and storms) and human activities (sand mining, tourism, port construction, aquaculture expansion, and mangrove deforestation). Understanding these changes will help tropical islands and coastal zones to make suitable policies for land management and respond to climate change and sustainable development challenges.
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Xia, Ying, Mohammad Asif Ikbal, and Mohd Asif Shah. "Construction design based on particle group optimization algorithm." Journal of Intelligent Systems 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1040–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0157.
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Abstract The machines exhibit an intelligence which is artificial intelligence (AI), and it is the design of intelligent agents. A system is represented by an intelligent agent who perceives its environment and the success rate is maximized by taking the action. The AI research is highly specialized and there are two subfields and each communication fails often. The popular AI approaches include the traditional symbolic AI and computational intelligence. In order to optimize the seismic design of the reinforced concrete pier structure, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the reaction spectrum analysis method are combined; they establish a regular bridge of the design variable with cross-sectional characteristics and reinforcement ratios, with the target function. The seismic optimization design framework of the pier is transformed into a multi-objective optimization problem. Calculations show that the method can quickly obtain the optimal design parameters that meet multi-objective requirements. The improved PSO main program and the calling push-over program run time are 4.32 and 1347.56 s, respectively; the push-over program running time is 99.68% of the run time of the total program. Optimization of the seismic performance of the rear bridge pier is significantly improved and is more in line with the design method; the design method proposed in this article is more practical.
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Węglarz, Arkadiusz. "Using Artificial Intelligence in energy efficient construction." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900125.
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Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), genetic algorithms, case based reasoning (CBR), and hybrid systems are all methods of artificial intelligence. This dissertation presents a literature overview and its author’s achievements in methods of utilizing artificial intelligence methods in energy efficient buildings, which include: an expert system for supporting the financing of thermo-modernization investment, a method of optimizing thermo-modernization strategies for groups of buildings using genetic algorithms, and a case based reasoning system (CBR) intended to facilitate the design of energy efficient single family housing. Case based reasoning consists of comparing new problems with past problems and using a past solution. In the CBR system, previously developed single family housing designs will be described using linguistic variables defined as fuzzy sets. The designer, who wants to create the documentation for a new energy efficient building after talking with the investor about his or her expectations, enters a query, defined as linguistic variables, into the system. The system finds the documentation of already constructed buildings, most closely matching the investor’s requirements. The designer performs the required adjustments, and after the investor’s approval, places the new documentation into the database for further use.