Relevant bibliographies by topics / Artificial hip joints – Materials

Academic literature on the topic 'Artificial hip joints – Materials'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Artificial hip joints – Materials"

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Pezzotti, Giuseppe, and Kengo Yamamoto. "Artificial hip joints: The biomaterials challenge." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 31 (March 2014): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.06.001.

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Jangid, Vivek, Abhishek Kumar Singh, and Abhishek Mishra. "Wear Simulation of Artificial Hip Joints: Effect of Materials." Materials Today: Proceedings 18 (2019): 3867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.326.

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Shi, Ruimin, Bukang Wang, Jiquan Liu, Zhiwei Yan, and Lei Dong. "Influence of Cross-Shear and Contact Pressure on Wear Mechanisms of PEEK and CFR-PEEK in Total Hip Joint Replacements." Lubricants 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10050078.

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With the increasing market demand for artificial hip joints, total hip joint replacement has gradually become an effective means of treating a series of hip joint diseases. In order to improve the service life of artificial hip joints, some new artificial hip joint materials, including polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK), have been developed. In this paper, pin-on-plate wear tests under different cross-shear ratios and contact pressures were carried out to study the wear mechanism and worn surface topography of PEEK and CFR-PEEK. The experimental results showed that the wear of PEEK was associated with cross-shear, while CFR-PEEK was not. When the cross-shear ratio was 0.039 and contact pressure was 3.18 MPa, PEEK had poor wear resistance and its wear factor was about eight times that of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The wear resistance of CFR-PEEK had a significant advantage, since its wear factor was about 30% of that of PEEK. The wear factors of PEEK and CFR-PEEK increased as the contact pressure increased. The arithmetic average of the height amplitude of the surface, Sa, also increased gradually according to the topography of the worn surface. The wear mechanisms of PEEK and CFR-PEEK were scratching, plough cutting, and abrasion Since CFR-PEEK had good wear resistance and insensitivity to cross-shear motion, it is suitable for making artificial hip joints under low contact pressure condition.
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Pezzotti, Giuseppe, Ian C. Clarke, C. Jobe, T. Donaldson, Kengo Yamamoto, Toshiyuki Tateiwa, T. Kumakura, R. Tsukamoto, and Junji Ikeda. "Confocal Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Ceramic Hip Joints." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 1211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1211.

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A survey of confocal Raman/fluorescence microprobe spectroscopic techniques is presented with emphasis placed on surface analysis of artificial hip joints. Suitable instrumental configurations are first explained in some details in order to describe the versatility of the spectroscopic microprobes to biomedical materials analyses. Then, these notions, which represent the foundation for structural and mechanical analyses of joint surfaces, are applied to selected cases of paramount importance in hip arthroplasty.
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Weiss, Cornelius, Arne Hothan, Michael Morlock, and Norbert Hoffmann. "Friction-Induced Vibration of Artificial Hip Joints." GAMM-Mitteilungen 32, no. 2 (December 2009): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gamm.200910016.

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Triyono, Joko, Aditya Rio Prabowo, and Jung Min Sohn. "Investigation of Meshing Strategy on Mechanical Behaviour of Hip Stem Implant Design Using FEA." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2020): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0087.

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AbstractHip joint is an important human joints system. The damaged hip joints need to be replaced with artificial hip joints. The Study of the hip joint is very costly therefore another calculation method is demanded to produce good result in acceptable time and cost. Considering this problem, a series of study to assess hip joint performance is conducted using numerical approach. Important parameter for example applied materials are used in the modelling by idealizing Ti-6Al-4V compared to SS 316 L, and stemlengthwas chosen to be 128 mm. ANSYS software was used to analyze models, and designed element size variations were set to be in range 1 to 2.5 mm. The magnitude of force was placed on the femoral head with an angle of 16∘C from the vertical axis. Results showed that SS 316 L material has smaller deformation than Ti material. Whereas Central Processing (CP) time decreases in increasing element size for both materials. In addition, more variations in mesh size are needed to get more accurate convergent results.
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Singh, Ranjeet Kumar, and Swati Gangwar. "An assessment of biomaterials for hip joint replacement." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v13i1.4s.

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Hip replacement is a surgical process where natural hip joints are replaced by artificial hip joint that helps the human being for getting better lifestyle by reduction in the unavoidable pain and better leg movement. The selection of material and durability of the hip joint replacement are serious significance for the implantation, because it determines how load is transferred through the stem. In the selection of materials, various problems related to hip joint replacement are found like adverse tissue reaction, allergic reaction, wear and corrosion resistance etc. To overcome this problem one has to create different new biomaterial. This review gives brief description about the different biomaterial used for hip joint replacement.
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Wilches, L. V., J. A. Uribe, and A. Toro. "Wear of materials used for artificial joints in total hip replacements." Wear 265, no. 1-2 (June 2008): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2007.09.010.

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ZHANG, Lei-Lei, Tao HU, He-Jun LI, Jin-Hua LU, Xue-Tao SHEN, Wei-Feng CAO, and Bin WANG. "Wear Particles of Carbon/Carbon Composite Artificial Hip Joints." Journal of Inorganic Materials 25, no. 4 (May 5, 2010): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1077.2010.00349.

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Unsworth, A., R. M. Hall, I. C. Burgess, B. M. Wroblewski, R. M. Streicher, and M. Semlitsch. "Frictional resistance of new and explanted artificial hip joints." Wear 190, no. 2 (December 1995): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(95)06653-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artificial hip joints – Materials"

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Bastidos, Amanda Marie. "Failure analysis and materials characterization of hip implants." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Watters, Eamon Patrick John. "Wear properties of artificial hip joint materials." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321968.

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Bruton, Allison Renee. "Manufacturing and performance of titanium dioxide-ultra high molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposite materials." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 175 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251905071&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Park, Hyuen Me (Mia) Park. "Numerical and experimental analysis of stress behavior of plasma-sprayed Bioglass on titanium /." Full text open access at:, 1996. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,587.

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Liu, Yujing. "Finite element analysis of stress distribution within metal-on-metal joint replacements." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/471.

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Demand for joint replacements is rising in Australia, driven by a sharp increase in the number of joint problems associated with population aging and obesity. In artificial joints, delamination or failure within the coatings occurs when the stress reaches a critical level, resulting in large wear debris particles appearing on the contact surface between the head and the cup. The process has been described as due to a stress-corrosion-cracking mechanism. Under the same loading, stress increases when the contact area decreases, which happens in the vicinity of wear debris. As such, once wear debris is generated, a catastrophic process could be initiated, resulting in more stress-corrosion-cracking. As such, acquiring a strong coating that will not fail is highly desirable for the applications of hip joint replacement. Failure in a coating layer is normally initiated by excessive local tensile or shear stress; therefore, it is important to clarify the stress distribution within the coating layer under different loading conditions, which is necessary for improving the load-carrying capability of the coating. Unlike previous studies, the multilayer diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings having high elastic modulus and hardness were analysed in this work. Under normal contact conditions, plastic deformation occurs in contacting materials when the contact pressure is greater than the hardness of the materials. Therefore, high hardness coatings can resist plastic deformation to avoid failure of the coating; in addition, multilayer coatings can decrease stress concentration to avoid cracking. The purpose of this study is to determine whether DLC multilayer coatings can improve the property of the coating against potential cracking in the coating. It has been shown that structurally graded coatings had effect on reducing the contact-induced stress among all the factors considered. It is anticipated that the multilayer design parameters will be important to understand the stress distribution within metal-on-metal (MOM) hip replacements.
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Li, Junyan. "Computational biomechanics/biotribological modelling of natural and artificial hip joints." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5500/.

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The excellent hip function and potential degeneration are closely linked with the unique structure of the joint cartilage that is principally composed of a solid phase and a fluid phase. Once damaged, the joint may need to be replaced by prosthesis in order to restore function in hip kinematics and kinetics. However, to what extent this can be achieved has yet to be quantified. On the other hand, the role of fluid pressurisation which plays in hip function has been poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to address these issues. To evaluate the gait abnormality, particularly in terms of hip contact forces, a musculoskeletal model of lower extremity was constructed in a rigid-body dynamics frame, and the hip kinematics and kinetics were determined and cross-compared for a group of asymptomatic total hip replacement (THR) patients, THR patients with symptoms of symptomatic leg length inequality (LLI) and normal healthy people. Significant abnormal patterns in gait kinetics were observed for the asymptomatic THR patients, and this abnormality was greater for the LLI patients. To understand contact mechanics and the associated fluid pressurisation within the hip cartilage, a three dimensional finite element (FE) hip model with biphasic cartilage layers were developed. The protocol was compared to other solvers. A set of sensitivity studies were undertaken to evaluate the influence of model parameters, and then the model was evaluated under a range of loads with different activities. In all the cases, the fluid supported over 90% of the load for a prolonged period, potentially providing excellent hip function and lubrication. The musculoskeletal model and FE joint were combined to investigate the performance of the non-operated joint of the THR / LLI patients during gait which was found to function in a mechanically abnormal but not adverse environment. Lastly, the methodology of the biphasic hip modelling was validated using an experimental porcine hip of hemiarthroplasty. Good agreement was achieved between the FE predictions and the experimental measurement of the contact area.
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Kohm, Andrew Christopher. "New techniques for characterization of surface and volumetric wear in total hip athroplasty." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070378403.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 173 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-173). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Pendelton, Alice Mae. "Biofluid lubrication for artificial joints." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3205.

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Dyrkacz, Richard Michael Ryan. "Corrosion at the head-neck taper interface of artificial hip joints." Journal of Arthroplasty, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30545.

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The aim of this thesis was to determine if the size of the femoral head can influ-ence corrosion at the head-neck taper interface of total hip arthroplasty (THA) prosthe-ses. A hypothesis was developed that large head sizes could result in a greater toggling torque at the head-neck taper interface by increasing the distance between the centre of the femoral head to the centre of the neck taper. This could result in increased micromotion and deteriorate the passive oxide film along the head-neck taper interface; thus, making the taper interface vulnerable to corrosion. A retrieval analysis of 74 THA prostheses studied the corrosion damage at the head-neck taper interface. This study revealed that prostheses featuring 36 mm femoral heads had significantly greater head taper corrosion than prostheses with a 28 mm head. Finite element analysis was performed afterwards to identify if the use of large femoral heads can increase the micromotion at the head-neck taper interface due to a greater toggling torque. This experiment demonstrated that with a larger head size the micromotion at the head-neck taper interface increases. An in vitro corrosion fatigue study was performed afterwards following ASTM F1875-98. When applying an off-axis fatigue load, prostheses featuring a 36 mm femoral head displayed significantly more corrosion damage at the head-neck taper interface than those with a 28 mm femoral head. Axial fatigue loading was also applied; negligible corrosion damage at the head-neck taper interface was discovered in comparison to the prostheses that received an out of axis load. This verifies that the use of large femoral heads can result in increased head-neck taper corrosion due to a greater toggling torque.
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Ramjee, Shatish. "Numerical analysis of lubrication in an artificial hip joint." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09152008-133304/.

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Books on the topic "Artificial hip joints – Materials"

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J, Callaghan John, Rosenberg Aaron G, and Rubash Harry E, eds. The adult hip. 2nd ed. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.

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1956-, Jacobs Joshua J., Craig Thomas L. 1947-, and Symposium on Alternative Bearing Surfaces in Total Joint Replacement (1997 : San Diego, Calif.), eds. Alternative bearing surfaces in total joint replacement. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM [American Society for Testing and Materials], 1998.

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J, Callaghan John, Rosenberg Aaron G, and Rubash Harry E, eds. The adult hip. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998.

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Vienna Symposium on Biomedical Engineering (1st 2001 Vienna, Austria). Tribology in biomechanical systems: Science and applications. Renningen-Malmsheim: expert verlag, 2001.

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Gese, Helmut. Werkstoffkundliche und mechanische Optimierung von zementfreien Hüftendoprothesen. Regensburg: S. Roderer, 1992.

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1994), Wiener Symposium (3rd. The Zweymüller total hip prosthesis: 15 years' experience. Edited by Zweymüller K. Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber, 1998.

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Love, Cynthia B. Total hip replacement: January 1991 through April 1994 : 1095 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1994.

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Hip replacements: What you need to know. Commack, N.Y: Kroshka Books, 1998.

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K, Bawari R., ed. Total hip replacement surgery: (principles and techniques). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub., 2010.

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McCormack, Brendan Anthony Oliver. On damage accumulation in cemented hip replacements. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Artificial hip joints – Materials"

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Ren, Y. "Biomaterials and Coatings for Artificial Hip Joints." In Biomaterials and Materials for Medicine, 105–43. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003161981-4.

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Gotman, Irena. "Biomechanical and Tribological Aspects of Orthopaedic Implants." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 25–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_2.

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AbstractOrthopaedic and dental implant treatments have allowed to enhance the quality of life of millions of patients. Total hip/knee arthroplasty is a surgical replacement of the hip/knee joint with an artificial prosthesis. The aim of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain improve function, often for sufferers of osteoarthritis, which affects around a third of people aged over fifty. Nowadays, total hip and knee replacement (THR) surgeries are considered routine procedures with generally excellent outcomes. Given the increasing life expectancy of the world population, however, many patients will require revision or removal of the artificial joint during their lifetime. The most common cause of failure of hip and knee replacements is mechanical instability secondary to wear of the articulating components. Thus, tribological and biomechanical aspects of joint arthroplasty are of specific interest in addressing the needs of younger, more active patients. The most significant improvements in the longevity of artificial joints have been achieved through the introduction of more wear resistant bearing surfaces. These innovations, however, brought about new tribocorrosion phenomena, such as fretting corrosion at the modular junctions of hip implants. Stiffness mismatch between the prosthesis components, non-physiological stress transfer and uneven implant-bone stress distribution are all involved in premature failure of hip arthroplasty. The development of more durable hip and knee prostheses requires a comprehensive understanding of biomechanics and tribocorrosion of implant materials. Some of these insights can also be applied to the design and development of dental implants.
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Han, Wen Bo, and Zhu Ju Wang. "Fabrication and Fracture Properties of Nano-Sized HAP-TZP (3Y) Bioceramic for Artificial Joints." In Key Engineering Materials, 2119–22. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.2119.

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Triyono, Joko, Giffari Muhammad Ghiats, Eko Surojo, Eko Pujiyanto, and Suyatmi. "Development of Cr Coated AISI 304 Material for Artificial Hip Joint." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials, 417–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4481-1_40.

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Murakami, Ri-ichi, Daisuke Yonekura, Daisuke Hagihara, Yun Hae Kim, and Kiyomi Hirose. "Tribological Properties of Artificial Hip Joint Material Coated with DLC Thin Film in the Simulated Body Environment." In Key Engineering Materials, 1724–29. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.1724.

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Hua, Z. K., G. Mcknight, and J. McCloy. "Study on Tribological and Electrochemical Performance of Metal Artificial Hip Joint Materials in Simulated Synovial Fluids." In Metal-On-Metal Total Hip Replacement Devices, 323–31. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156020120027.

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Saverio, Affatato. "Testing of Artificial Hip Joints." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 3543–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_1294.

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Oka, Masanori. "Load-Bearing Mechanisms of Natural and Artificial Joints." In Hip Biomechanics, 255–63. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68237-0_24.

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Meng, Qingen. "Lubrication Modeling of Artificial Hip Joints." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 2096–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_1276.

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Liu, Feng. "Wear Modeling of Artificial Hip Joints." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 4045–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_1278.

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Conference papers on the topic "Artificial hip joints – Materials"

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Topoleski, L. D. Timmie. "Mechanical Failure of Artificial Joint Materials: Wear and Fatigue." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2656.

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Abstract Total artificial joint replacements are one of the most effective treatments for arthritis. Artificial joints are used to replace damaged cartilage and act as low-friction articulating materials in joints. During normal human walking, some of the materials used for artificial knee and hip replacements are subjected to both sliding articulation (relative motion) and cyclic loading. A common example is the CoCrMo alloy femoral surface of an artificial knee that articulates against an ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) component. Other materials do not experience relative motion (at least not intentionally) and are subjected to only cyclic loading. An example is the poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA bone cement used to fix components of artificial joints into bones. In the case of articulating materials, both surfaces are susceptible to wear, from both second-body and third body (in the presence of abrasive particles) mechanisms. Wear of the UHMWPE has received considerable attention recently, since the polymer wear is far more obvious than the metal wear. The Biomaterials field is developing an understanding of the wear mechanisms and how to enhance the wear resistance of UHMWPE. The wear of the metal components has not received as much attention, yet materials wear as a couple; both surfaces play a role in the overall wear. In the UMBC Laboratory for Implantable Materials, we are investigating the mechanisms of CoCrMo alloy wear, and the effect of worn metal components on the wear of UHMWPE. Understanding the wear mechanisms of metal components may help to extend the life of artificial joints by allowing new articulating material combinations and joint designs. For non-articulating materials, fatigue failure is a primary concern. Fatigue of metal components is relatively rare. In the distal portion of an artificial hip, the metal hip stem is fixed into the bone by a layer of PMMA bone cement. The PMMA bone cement is far weaker and less resistant to fracture and fatigue than either the bone or the metal, and thus may be considered the mechanical “weak link” in cemented total joints. We are investigating the fatigue properties of PMMA bone cements, and studying the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation. If we can determine how fatigue cracks start in bone cement, we may be able to develop, for example, new surgical procedures (e.g., bone preparation) that will reduce the likelihood of fatigue failure. New formulations of bone cement have been developed for both joint fixation, and also for bone repair or replacement. Understanding the failure mechanisms of bone cements may enable safe and effective new uses for new bone cements, and extend the lives of cemented artificial joints.
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Meyer, Donna M., and John A. Tichy. "Three-Dimensional Lubrication Model of an Artificial Hip Joint With Gait Analysis." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0418.

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Abstract The development of the hip prosthesis is a result of extensive collaboration between the medical and engineering fields. Although the technology to replace ailing human joints with artificial replicas is quite advanced, these remarkable advances require additional attention. In particular, extending the service life of a hip prosthesis is a primary consideration. An artificial hip joint may require revision surgery due to a number of contributions, one of which is extensive wear. Within the first few years following hip implantation, high amounts of wear particles form due to the contact of the articulating surfaces. The amounts of wear debris generated is a function of the material combinations of the rubbing surfaces of the joint, the amount of lubrication present in the joint during activity and the types and levels of activity.
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Jhurani, Sunny M., and C. Fred Higgs. "A Model on the Motion of Wear Particles in the Synovial Fluid of an Artificial Hip Joint." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15169.

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Improvements in surgical procedures, installation techniques and properties of materials have resulted in a remarkable reduction in the failure of artificial hip joints (AHJ) due to infection. However, the durability of these replacements is greatly limited by premature osteolysis and eventual joint loosening, caused by macrophage activity in response to the release of submicron particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cup material [1–4]. The wear debris is mainly due to wear between the bearing surfaces, and these wear rates are known to be accelerated by the third body action of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement particles and metallic fragments of the femoral head material scattered within the synovial fluid lubricant [5]. This study is focused on development of a model that simulates the motion of UHMWPE particles in the synovial fluid between the AHJ bearing surfaces during articulation.
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Devlin, D., D. Carroll, R. Barbero, J. Klawitter, P. Strzepa, and W. Ogilive. "Carbon Based Prosthetic Devices." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0330.

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Abstract The medical profession has a need for improved orthopedic devices and biomaterials. The replacement of knee and hip joints with metallic prosthetic devices has provided mobility to many elderly patients suffering from bone diseases. Unfortunately, metal prostheses, anchored with methyl methacrylate cement, have a useful life of 7 to 10 years. Bond failure and wear necessitates an entire replacement of the prosthesis. Bone resorption due to the presence of the implant limits the number of implant operations to two per patient. As a consequence joint replacement is restricted to patients over age 55. A definite need exists for a new material system for extending the expected life of these prosthetic devices for younger patients. The long term objective of this research is to greatly extend the service life of prosthetic devices, specifically artificial joints. A materials system approach is being employed to accomplish this objective. The two specific materials technologies being integrated in this proposed study are carbon/carbon composites and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings.
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Gomez, Mark A. "Determining the Failure Potential of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Frontal Motor Vehicle Impacts: An Interdisciplinary Approach." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83057.

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Due to the ever increasing number of total hip arthroplasties performed every year, the loading conditions typically experienced by a patient during the activities of everyday living must be accounted for in both the design and testing of an artificial joint (5). The probability of implant failure must constantly be addressed. Further, knowledge of these loading conditions may be applied to accidental events such as motor vehicle impacts to determine the potential for failure of a total hip arthroplasty during such “abnormal” occurrences. Specifically, when considering loading conditions experienced during a motor vehicle accident, one could determine if the failure of an implant was due to the inadequacy of the implant, the failure of the bone around the implant, or a pre-existing degraded condition in the implant-bone construct. The goal of this presentation is to provide an outline of the types of data and analyses that are necessary to determine the nature of a failed total hip arthroplasty subsequent to a frontal motor vehicle impact. These include data from the patient’s medical records, biomechanical properties of bone, structural and material properties of implant materials, and accident vehicle dynamics. This information may then be consolidated and analyzed in a flowchart fashion to provide a most probable cause of implant failure.
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Bulstrode, Christopher, Alan R. Turner-Smith, and Steven P. White. "X-Ray photogrammetry of artificial hip joints." In Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294318.

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7

Kashi, Ajay, Amit Roy Chowdhury, and Subrata Saha. "Finite Element Analysis of TMJ Implant." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83052.

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The TMJ is a bilateral joint of the jaw that functions as a single entity during normal masticatory activities, speaking, yawning and swallowing. TMJ replacement has been indicated in cases of joint trauma, advanced degenerative disease, tumors, developmental anomalies and ankylosis of the joint following injury. Alloplastic replacement of the TMJ (an artificial replacement in the form of a TMJ condylar implant with a glenoid fossa component that articulates with the undersurface of the skull on the temporal bone) renders the anatomical space devoid of the natural mandibular condyle (Fig. 1). Compared to hip and knee prostheses, TMJ implants have not been studied in detail. The goals of this study were to quantify the stress distribution in a commercially available TMJ implant (TMJ Implants, Inc, CO), bone and implant-bone interface, to compare the stresses and strains with different bone conditions, and to compare the stresses and strains with different implant materials using a finite element software package.
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8

Fischer, Alfons. "Clinical and Laboratory Wear Mechanisms of Artificial Hip Joints (Keynote)." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64132.

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Some open questions raised by the reaction of tissue on particles require the knowledge of the acting wear mechanisms. These have to be clarified within the macro-, micro-, and nanoscale. Thus, this contribution focuses on the wear mechanisms of hard-hard artificial hip joints which have been verified to act both in clinical application and both during laboratory simulation. Some aspects of novel developments will be discussed on the basis of these findings.
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Wang, F. C., Z. M. Jin, and I. J. Udofia. "Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Modelling of Spherical Metal-on-Metal Artificial Hip Joints." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63556.

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A full numerical methodology was developed for the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of hip joint implants for the lubrication problem in spherical and conformal contacts. Typical results of a metal-on-metal hip implant were obtained to illustrate the applicability of the numerical methodology developed in the present study.
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10

Hauert, R. "A Review of DLC Coatings for Biological Applications." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63879.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a class of materials with outstanding mechanical, tribological and biological properties. From in-vitro experiments, it is known that by incorporating other elements into the DLC film, the ratios of the different proteins adsorbed on the surface can be changed. These proteins will then subsequently control cell attachment, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In a total hip joint replacement, the metallic femoral head, which slides against a polyethylene pan, causes polymeric wear debris. These wear particles may then trigger inflammatory reactions, resulting in osteolysis (bone resorption) and subsequent implant loosening. DLC has proven its outstanding tribological properties in many technical applications, mainly due to the build up of a transfer layer on the counterpart. DLC coated load bearing implants sliding against ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) have been investigated. The different in-vitro experiments apparently showed contradicting results, mainly due to the different experimental setups and especially the different liquids used as lubricants. The synovial fluid present in a biological joint, contains large organic molecules which function as a boundary lubricants. Phospholipids, proteoglycans or proteins can be chemisorbed on the joint surfaces and trap water molecules, resulting in water acting as a viscose lubricant. When a DLC coated femoral head is tested against a polyethylene pan in a hip joint simulator, using synovial fluid as a lubricant, the build up of a transfer layer, protecting the softer counterpart (i.e. the polymer) does not seem to take place and the UHMWPE counterpart still shows wear. However, when DLC slides against DLC in medical applications, the build up of a transfer layer may not be a critical issue or is not drastically altered by the presence of proteins, and very low wear rates could be obtained in different in-vitro tests. Additionally, DLC coatings have an excellent haemocompatibility, which is expressed in a decreased thrombus formation. When exposed to blood, an increased ratio of albumin to fibrinogen adsorption, as well as decreased blood platelet activation is observed on coated surfaces. A few DLC coated cardiovascular implants such as artificial heart valves, blood pumps and stents are already commercially available. When coating a metal with DLC, good adhesion is obtained due to the about one nanometer thick metal-carbide reaction layer at the DLC/substrate interface. Upon implantation, it has to be guaranteed that this reaction layer is also chemically long-term stable under in-vivo conditions.
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