Relevant bibliographies by topics / Artificial and natural clay

Academic literature on the topic 'Artificial and natural clay'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Artificial and natural clay"

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Ward, PR, and JM Oades. "Effect of clay mineralogy and exchangeable cations on water repellency in clay-amended sandy soils." Soil Research 31, no. 3 (1993): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930351.

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Artificial water-repellent sands were prepared in the laboratory from acid-washed sand and either cetyl alcohol or organics extracted from a natural water-repellent sand. Added clays (at 0.5% w/w) had no effect when gently mixed with a natural and the two artificial water-repellent sands. After a wetting and drying cycle, kaolinite reduced repellency to a low level in the natural sand and the artificial sand with extracted organics, but montmorillonite was not effective. Na+-saturated clays were generally more effective than Ca2+-saturated clays. In the cetyl alcohol sand, montmorillonite was more effective than kaolinite. Neither artificial sand was a perfect model of the natural system, although the extracted organic model was far superior. Kaolinite did not strongly adsorb hydrophobic molecules, but was effective because it was able to cover the hydrophobic sand surface. Application of kaolinite clay to a water-repellent sand appears promising.
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Shan, Yi, Xing Wang, Jie Cui, Haihong Mo, and Yadong Li. "Effects of Clay Mineral Composition on the Dynamic Properties and Fabric of Artificial Marine Clay." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111216.

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Marine clays are easily affected by different mineral composition in cyclic load-based geological hazards. Therefore, based on analyzing the mineral composition of natural marine clay, it is the key to predict the dynamic properties of natural materials under cyclic loading by using quantitated artificial marine clay. In this study, the marine clay found in the South China Sea deltas was investigated. Based on the results of geological conditions and mineral composition analyses, raw non-clay minerals (such as quartz, albite) and clay minerals (such as Na-montmorillonite and kaolinite) were used to produce artificial marine clay, the dynamic properties of which were studied from the impact of mineral composition. Dynamic triaxial laboratory testing for artificial marine clay comprising various clay minerals was performed under identical test conditions. The artificial marine clay with high montmorillonite content exhibited slower development of strain, more sluggish growth in pore water pressure, more rounded hysteresis curves, greater stiffness, and more prolonged viscous energy growth than the clay with low montmorillonite content. In addition, the flocculated fabric of the artificial marine clay with high montmorillonite content demonstrated sufficient pore space changes, more uniform pore distribution, and larger specific surface area than the dispersed fabric of the clay with low montmorillonite content. The factors arising from the influence of montmorillonite may lead to microstructural and fabric changes, hinder the development of pore water, and increase intergranular contact stiffness as well as delay the cyclic strain amplitude at the breakpoint of viscous energy dissipation. In general, the results presented in this study confirm that clay minerals, especially montmorillonite, have significant influence on the dynamic properties of large strain.
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Siepmann, R., F. von der Kammer, and U. Förstner. "Colloidal transport and agglomeration in column studies for advanced run-off filtration facilities - particle size and time resolved monitoring of effluents with flow-field-flowfractionation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0700.

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The efficiency of road run-off filtration facilities based on ion-exchange materials is reduced by pollutants which are transported bound to particles. To quantify the factors governing particle transport phenomena, a simplified model consisting of quartz sand-filled columns representing the filter/soil was set up. Suspensions of artificial clays, cold water-extracted natural clays, and real run-off were used as model effluents. Five experiments were performed: breakthrough of a natural soil suspension, remobilization of a natural soil suspension after ionic strength-drop, the same two experiments with a suspension of the artificial clay mineral Laponite, and the remobilization of run-off accumulated on a column at high ionic strength with an ionic strength down-gradient. Short-interval effluent fractions were analysed by flow-field-flowfractionation (F4) to obtain the size distributions of the colloids present. The size distributions of subsequent fractions were then plotted in a staggered arrangement to give three-dimensional graphs that are time- and particle size-resolved. With this method the subsequent release of different agglomerate sizes formed on the column could be shown for the artificial clay mineral, questioning its use as a model colloid. The combined particle size- and time-resolved plots proved to be a powerful tool for monitoring colloidal solids in column effluents.
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Tsetlin, Yu B. "The Origin of Pottery as a Result of Human Adaptive and Imitative Activity." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 41 (2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.41.113.

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The study of the origin of pottery production includes a consideration of two important questions: 1) Why pottery production appeared? and 2) How it was? In European and American archaeological literature, we can find various approaches to these issues. This article proves the fact that pottery production appeared in the result of gradual accumulation of concrete human knowledge about the useful features of different natural materials distributed in the environment. The all useful knowledge in pottery making was found only by cut-and-try method. It was a long-time and step by step process, when positive acquirements became a part of local cultural traditions which passed down from generation to generation. Resemblance between stone, wicker, and clay vessels in general proportionality and volume shows that the emergence of pottery was an obligate course of development, when different natural materials were tested. The process had been finished by widespread distribution of clay vessels as universal things by their function. Since the emergence of pottery production was a polycentric process, a concrete ways of pottery technology development were different in various natural and climatic conditions. But in any cases, this process obeyed general laws, which are consisted in gradual knowing about important qualities of silt and then of clay plastic raw materials. The change from silt to clay was manifested itself in special imitation of complex constituent of silt by adding of different organic or mineral tempers in natural clay. The author shows that the development of vessels’ shapes passed from the use of natural containers then to artificial containers made of natural materials, and finally to artificial ones made of new special constructional materials (i.e., pottery pastes). Such clay containers could be fired with various regimes. So, we can do a conclusion, that the origin of pottery production was an obligate historical process of human adaptation to the natural environment, its imitation, and finally to the making a new artificial material which are absent in the world.
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Ratajczak, Tadeusz, Elżbieta Hycnar, and Piotr Bożęcki. "The beidellite clays from the Bełchatów lignite deposit as a raw material for constructing waterproofing barriers." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0014.

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Abstract Disposal sites for both industrial and communal waste are hazardous for the natural environment due to the accumulated materials and their chemical, physical and biological transformations. The products of these processes migrating at a significant distance contaminate mainly underground waters, surface waters and soils. The spreading of the pollutants may be prevented by horizons of clay rocks that form natural geological barriers. The clay rocks of properly selected parameters may be used in the environmental engineering for constructing artificial water-sealing layers. The mineral, chemical, physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties of the beidellite clays occurring within the lignite deposit in Bełchatów were studied to find out whether they meet the criteria of waterproofing engineering contained in the Polish recommendations and instructions. The results indicate that the beidellite clays of Bełchatów are rocks suitable for this kind of environmental engineering and may be used in constructing the barriers preventing the migration of effluents from landfills.
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Yin, Kexin, Anne-Laure Fauchille, Eugenia Di Filippo, Khaoula Othmani, Samuel Branchu, Giulio Sciarra, and Panagiotis Kotronis. "The Influence of Mixing Orders on the Microstructure of Artificially Prepared Sand-Clay Mixtures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (September 10, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8552224.

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The mixing order of silica sand, clay (kaolinite), and water controls the microstructure of resulting artificial soil samples. Most homogeneous microstructures can be achieved by applying the mixing order “sand-water-clay.” The following methods were used to validate this statement: (1) optical observation, (2) X-ray tomography, (3) scanning electron microscopy, and (4) Mercury intrusion porosimetry. For all samples, clays are mainly organized in a homogeneous matrix but are also dispersed heterogeneously in micrometer-sized layers surrounding sand particles, particularly where sand grains show a greater roughness. At water contents ≥1.5 w L , the microstructures are visually similar from the mm to μm scale whatever mixing order is used. However, for water contents lower than 1.5 w L , the mixing order controls the distribution of the clay particles. This paper proposes a motivated choice of a preparation protocol of artificial clayey materials to be used in laboratory experiments. It might contribute to better understanding and modeling grain movements and arrangements in artificial muds, used for instance in underground mining, foundation settlement, hydraulic containment, road construction, soil stabilization, and in natural soils in the occurrence of soil liquefaction, industrial brick manufacturing, and in studying shear processes in tectonic fault zones.
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Zhou, Jian Mei. "Study on Application of Artificial Sand in Ready-Mixed Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.40.

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Artificial sand can be obtained by mixing washed sand formed from the the poor quality of natural sand with high clay content and stone powder formed from processing and screening production by appropriate ratio, Which be applied to C20~C35 ready-mixed concrete. By studying the effect the artificial sand on the properties of fresh concrete and concrete after hardening, the result showed that artificial sand substitute for natural sand as ready-mixed concrete fine aggregate is entirely feasible. Key words: Artificial sand, Ready-mixed concrete, Property
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Abbey, Samuel J., Eyo U. Eyo, and Colin A. Booth. "Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Predict Intrinsic Compressibility Characteristic of Clay." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 9940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199940.

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Reconstituted clays have often provided the basis for the interpretation and modelling of the properties of natural clays. The term “intrinsic” was introduced to describe a clay remoulded or reconstituted at moisture content up to 1.5 times its liquid limit and consolidated one-dimensionally. In order to circumvent the difficulties of measuring an intrinsic constant called “intrinsic compressibility index” (C*c), a machine learning (ML) approach using traditional non-parametric tree-based and meta-heuristic ensembles was adopted in this study. Results indicated that tree-ensembles namely random decision forest (RDF) and boosted decision tree (BDT) performed better in C*c prediction (average R2 of 0.84 and root mean square error, RMSE of 0.51) compared to stand-alone models. However, models’ hyper parameters combined meta-heuristically, produced the highest accuracy (average R2 of 0.90 and root mean square error, RMSE of 0.34). The greatest capacity to distinguish between positive and negative soil classes (average accuracy of 0.95, precision and recall of 0.86) were demonstrated by meta-ensembles in multinomial classification.
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Arkin, Yaacov, and Lucian Michaeli. "Strength and consistency of artificial clay — carbonate mixtures: Simulation of natural sediments." Engineering Geology 26, no. 3 (March 1989): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(89)90009-4.

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Deslouis, C., P. Falaras, O. Gil, M. Jeannin, V. Maillot, and B. Tribollet. "Influence of clay on calcareous deposit in natural and artificial sea water." Electrochimica Acta 51, no. 15 (April 2006): 3173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.09.006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Artificial and natural clay"

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Lahiri, Tapesh. "Characterisation of the soils of the Eastern Himalayan region together with an attempt of the separation of components of artificial and natural clay mixtures." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/849.

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Leal, Ana Maria. "Conditioning of Manila clam broodstock on natural and artificial diets." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conditioning-of-manila-clam-broodstock-on-natural-and-artificial-diets(0ec43f18-fa32-4d46-9dab-e8e7ea2979ee).html.

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Two trials in 1991 and another two in 1992 were carried out on the broodstock conditioning of Manila clams, Tapes philippinarum. The main objective was to manipulate the lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of Manila clam eggs by maintaining broodstock in different dietary regimes. The second objective was to assess dried algae as alternative diets for conditioning broodstock. Clams were brought into the laboratory from the natural environment early in the year, before gametogenesis had started. Supplements of cultured live (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis suecica and Isochrysis galbana) and dried algae (T. suecica) diets were fed to the broodstock, usually in a range of mixed diets, at rations equivalent to 3% or 6% of the initial dry meat weight of the broodstock in dry weight of algae per day. The microalgae differed in their long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA). Unfed control clams received only the organic material which remained in the sea water after sand filtration. The nutritional value of these diets in relation to gametogenesis, fecundity, quality of eggs, and viability and growth of larvae were assessed. Dry T. suecica was the same food value as live T. suecica but Manila clams produced more eggs if supplements of live algae were added. The requirement for conditioning Manila clams (32 mm shell length) to spawn with live or dry T. suecica+S. costatum was 500 to 700 "day-degrees" (D°). With dry T. suecica on its own or mixed with I. galbana, S. costatum and D. tertiolecta it was 500 to 600 Do (44 mm shell length). In one trial clams spawned in the tanks (equivalent to 462 Do) before the first attempt to spawn them was made. Successful spawning was dependent on the quantity and quality of the algal diet during gametogenesis. With a 6% food ration, clams fed dry T. suecica+S. costatum or dry T. suecica+l. galbana produced the highest number of eggs (an average of 3.2 and 4.5 million eggs per female, respectively). The average fecundity was 83% lower when the diet was reduced to a 3% food ration. The dry meat weight, condition index and fecundity of fed broodstock were significantly higher than for unfed animals. The quantity of lipid in the eggs, usually between 4 and 9 ng egg-1, was similar whatever the broodstock diet. However, levels of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20: 5w3 and 22: 6w3 in the eggs were low if the broodstock diet was deficient in these PUFAs. Even though diet manipulation caused changes in the fatty acid composition of the eggs, growth and survival of Manila clam larvae was not reduced in a hatchery situation.
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Le, Truong Khanh Duy. "Time Dependent Behaviour of Naturally and Artificially Structured Clays." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20866.

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Recent studies on the time dependent behaviour of geotechnical structures have highlighted the need for careful consideration of a number of natural soil characteristics such as anisotropy, structure and strain rate dependency. Increased emphasis of the accurate prediction of structural deformations has placed further importance on correctly interpreting these soil characteristics. Yet, it appears that despite detailed ground investigations and laboratory sties, inadequate predictions of ground movements are still encountered. This has resulted in the need for a careful revision of the general time-dependent properties of structured materials. This research aimed to find a framework for understanding the various time-dependent phenomena. High quality samples from Ballina, N.S.W., Australia and Hyde Park, London, United Kingdom, and one artificially cemented material, a gypsum--kaolin mixture, were tested in their intact, remoulded and reconstituted states using oedometer and advanced triaxial apparatus. The structure and nature of the clays from the different origins were investigated microscopically and correlated with its large and small strain mechanical response. The research program investigated effects of soil structuration, strain-rate and stress-rate on the measured geotechnical properties. The evolution of plastic strains along defined stress paths were also studied in order to investigate creep behaviour in stress space. The time-dependent behaviour of structured and structureless soils was found to be consistent and were predictable under the same framework. The capabilities of a number of existing time-dependent models were investigated in capturing the viscous behaviour observed. It was found that while a number of models were able to capture some of the time effects, there is a need for (i) the inclusion of rate effects within the standard yield surface, (ii) modelling of stress ratio degradation following peak strength and (iii) a new approach to modelling the plastic strain component during creep.
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Nishimura, Satoshi. "Laboratory study on anisotropy of natural London clay." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423085.

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Lentini, Roberta. "Integrating artificial with natural cells." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369102.

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Previous attempts to control cellular behavior were mainly based on genetic engineering. While useful, such an approach suffers from several complications. Living cells grow and evolve which could lead to modifications of the engineered circuits, causing not only the loss of their functions but also an altering of the environment. However, other methods are possible. All living cells can naturally sense and respond to their environment and to each other. Thus, artificial, non- living cells can be engineered to activate already existing natural cellular pathways. In this way, the genetic engineering component moves from the natural to completely artificial, laboratory-made cells. Moreover, synthetic systems operating in living organisms also depend on elements with unknown function, leaving many gaps in the understanding of how living cells work. Building life- like systems with non-living components could help reveal unrecognized but necessary cellular mechanisms. However, the design of functional, genetically encoded cell-free systems is difficult, because biological parts have been evolved to function optimally inside of living cells. In vitro conditions are different. First, some practical rules for the construction of functional synthetic circuits in vitro were defined. The Influences of the organization of genetic elements within a synthetic operon on protein expression levels were studied and optimal sequence compositions and lengths between genes to assemble genetic circuits were found. Then, artificial cells that can control the behavior of living systems were built. The artificial cells were able to sense a molecule that Escherichia coli cannot sense on its own and translate that molecule into a chemical message that E. coli can sense and respond to. The natural sensing of E. coli was expanded without genetically modifying the bacteria. Finally, to better integrate artificial with natural cells, a complete communication pathway was constructed. Bacteria speak to each other by quorum sensing. Such mechanisms mediate cell-cell communication among bacteria and regulate several cell density related processes, such as virulence. Various synthetic quorum sensing mechanisms were constructed in vitro within artificial cells. Artificial cells able to sense the presence of living cells were built. In addition, the artificial cells were capable to synthesize quorum sensing molecules for E. coli, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio fischeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When integrated together, artificial cells successfully mediated interspecies communication with natural cells. Such artificial systems could be useful as therapeutic tools to defeat pathogenic infections. Moreover, the achievement of such functions represents a new way to better understand the potential of the artificial cells to mimic cellular life.
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Lentini, Roberta. "Integrating artificial with natural cells." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1549/1/Lentini_Roberta_PhD_thesis.pdf.

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Previous attempts to control cellular behavior were mainly based on genetic engineering. While useful, such an approach suffers from several complications. Living cells grow and evolve which could lead to modifications of the engineered circuits, causing not only the loss of their functions but also an altering of the environment. However, other methods are possible. All living cells can naturally sense and respond to their environment and to each other. Thus, artificial, non- living cells can be engineered to activate already existing natural cellular pathways. In this way, the genetic engineering component moves from the natural to completely artificial, laboratory-made cells. Moreover, synthetic systems operating in living organisms also depend on elements with unknown function, leaving many gaps in the understanding of how living cells work. Building life- like systems with non-living components could help reveal unrecognized but necessary cellular mechanisms. However, the design of functional, genetically encoded cell-free systems is difficult, because biological parts have been evolved to function optimally inside of living cells. In vitro conditions are different. First, some practical rules for the construction of functional synthetic circuits in vitro were defined. The Influences of the organization of genetic elements within a synthetic operon on protein expression levels were studied and optimal sequence compositions and lengths between genes to assemble genetic circuits were found. Then, artificial cells that can control the behavior of living systems were built. The artificial cells were able to sense a molecule that Escherichia coli cannot sense on its own and translate that molecule into a chemical message that E. coli can sense and respond to. The natural sensing of E. coli was expanded without genetically modifying the bacteria. Finally, to better integrate artificial with natural cells, a complete communication pathway was constructed. Bacteria speak to each other by quorum sensing. Such mechanisms mediate cell-cell communication among bacteria and regulate several cell density related processes, such as virulence. Various synthetic quorum sensing mechanisms were constructed in vitro within artificial cells. Artificial cells able to sense the presence of living cells were built. In addition, the artificial cells were capable to synthesize quorum sensing molecules for E. coli, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio fischeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When integrated together, artificial cells successfully mediated interspecies communication with natural cells. Such artificial systems could be useful as therapeutic tools to defeat pathogenic infections. Moreover, the achievement of such functions represents a new way to better understand the potential of the artificial cells to mimic cellular life.
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Zhang, Li. "Clay Minerals Supporting Microbial Metabolic Activities in Natural Sediments." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564142598119446.

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Armstrong, Holly. "Natural Flow." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/694.

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Nature never ceases to amaze me with momentary observations of fluid energy: the purposeful curvature of a blue heron's neck; the pattern of water as it sweeps across a rock sculpted by that very motion; the changing light and shadows created as wind blows through tall grasses. The spark of beauty in these moments lies in the energy that causes this constant change. To capture this energy, either potential or kinetic, and embody it through textures and flow of mass, is my essential goal as an artist.
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Bruno, Odemir Martinez. "Paralelismo em visão natural e artificial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-26052014-161557/.

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Nesta tese são abordados, de maneira integrada, aspectos de paralelismo em visão natural e artificial, com discussões críticas das diversas áreas relacionadas. O paralelismo é discutido no sistema visual dos primatas, assim como suas principais contribuições e motivações incentivando a incorporação de paralelismo em sistemas de visão artificial. Um dos objetivos principais é fornecer as bases de paralelismo para o desenvolvimento do projeto Cyvis-1, uma proposta do Grupo de Pesquisa em Visão Cibernética (IFSC-USP) para visão versátil, com forte motivação biológica e baseada no córtex visual dos primatas. Para tanto, foi introduzida e implementada a proposta CVMP (Cybernetic Vision Message Passage), um conjunto de ferramentas para o desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas em visão, tanto para sistemas distribuídos como para máquinas multiprocessadores. Baseada em programação orientada a objetos, interação homem-máquina, engenharia de software e programação visual, a proposta prima pelo desenvolvimento de forma simples e amigável. O CVMP é testado, avaliado e validado quanto a aspectos de funcionalidade e utilização, através da implementação paralela de diversos algoritmos de visão computacional e de processamento de imagens (operadores locais, transformada de Hough e transformada de Fourier, entre outros) os quais, além de ilustrar a utilização da ferramenta, são discutidos em termos de arquitetura e balanceamento de carga. São apresentadas três aplicações reais de sistemas paralelos de visão computacional, implementadas através do CVMP, demonstrando a eficiência da ferramenta, na implementação paralela, na utilização e cooperação de trabalho. Duas destas aplicações (integração de atributos visuais no projeto Cyvis-1 e um modelo de complexidade com base na percepção humana), foram desenvolvidas em conjunto com outros pesquisadores do Grupo de Pesquisa em Visão Cibernética. A terceira aplicação apresenta uma proposta do autor para um sistema automático de reconhecimento de plantas arbóreas (Botânica)
This thesis addresses, in an integrated way, the concept and usage of parallelism in natural and artificial vision. It starts by revising the primate visual system, and discussing how its principles and solutions can be extended to computational systems. One of the main objectives is to supply the parallelism backbone for the development of the Cyvis-1 System, which is a proposal of the Cybernetic Vision Research Group (IFSC-USP) for versatile vision, presenting a strong biological motivation, especially regarding the primate visual cortex. In order to achieve these objectives, the CVMP - Cybernetic Vision Message Passage - had to be developed, representing a set of simple and friendly parallel tools for computer vision applications in distributed and parallel (multiprocessor) systems, which is based on object oriented programming, human-machine interaction, software engineering and visual programming. The CVMP is tested, evaluated and validated with respect to functionality and utilization through the parallel implementation of several algorithms in computer vision and image processing (local operators, Hough transform, Fourier transform, etc.) which, in addition to illustrating the tools, are also discussed as far as their architecture and load balancing is concerned. Three applications of parallel computer vision systems to real situations are presented and implemented by using CVMP, corroborating the effectiveness of the tools in the parallel implementation, usage, and researcher integration. Two such applications (visual attributes integration in Cyvis-1 and a human complexity model) have been developed in collaboration with other researchers at the Cybernetic Vision Research Group. The third application presents the author\'s proposal for an automated system for arboreal plants recognition (Botany)
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Mirzakulova, Ekaterina Viktorovna. "Natural and Artificial Flavin-Based Catalysis." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371415783.

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Books on the topic "Artificial and natural clay"

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Razeghifard, Reza, ed. Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659892.

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Addis, Tom. Natural and Artificial Reasoning. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11286-2.

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1938-, Burton Robert G., ed. Natural and artificial minds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.

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Artificial intelligence and natural man. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

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Penrose, Roger, Emanuele Severino, Fabio Scardigli, Ines Testoni, Giuseppe Vitiello, Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano, and Federico Faggin. Artificial Intelligence Versus Natural Intelligence. Edited by Fabio Scardigli. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85480-5.

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Ustalov, Dmitry, Andrey Filchenkov, Lidia Pivovarova, and Jan Žižka, eds. Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01204-5.

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Ustalov, Dmitry, Andrey Filchenkov, and Lidia Pivovarova, eds. Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34518-1.

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Filchenkov, Andrey, Lidia Pivovarova, and Jan Žižka, eds. Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71746-3.

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Haken, Hermann, ed. Computational Systems — Natural and Artificial. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73089-4.

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Filchenkov, Andrey, Janne Kauttonen, and Lidia Pivovarova, eds. Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59082-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Artificial and natural clay"

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Vinsot, Agnès, C. Anthony J. Appelo, Mélanie Lundy, Stefan Wechner, Cristelle Cailteau-Fischbach, Philippe de Donato, Jacques Pironon, Yanick Lettry, Catherine Lerouge, and Pierre De Cannière. "Natural gas extraction and artificial gas injection experiments in Opalinus Clay, Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland)." In Mont Terri Rock Laboratory, 20 Years, 377–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70458-6_20.

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Geertsema, Marten. "Quick Clay." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 803–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_282.

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Younas, Fazila, Irshad Bibi, Amna Zulfqar, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Muhammad Mahroz Hussain, Nabeel Khan Niazi, and Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz. "Environmental Applications of Natural and Surface-Modified Zeolite." In Clay Composites, 373–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2544-5_17.

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Garrison, Ervan. "Clay Minerals and Ceramics." In Natural Science in Archaeology, 179–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30232-4_7.

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Velde, Bruce, and Isabelle C. Druc. "Origin of Clay Resources." In Natural Science in Archaeology, 59–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59905-7_4.

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Velde, Bruce, and Isabelle C. Druc. "Clay Minerals and Their Properties." In Natural Science in Archaeology, 35–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59905-7_3.

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Schoonheydt, Robert A., and Yasushi Umemura. "Clay Minerals as Natural Nanosheets." In Nanostructure Science and Technology, 33–53. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56496-6_2.

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Atasoy, Ayse Dilek, and Mehmet İrfan Yeşilnacar. "Natural and Modified Clay Applications in Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater and Soil Environments." In Clay Composites, 497–510. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2544-5_23.

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Rohrhuber, Julian. "Artificial, Natural, Historical." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 60–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79486-8_7.

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Banzhaf, Wolfgang, and Barry McMullin. "Artificial Life." In Handbook of Natural Computing, 1805–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92910-9_53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Artificial and natural clay"

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Khan, Mohammad Ilyas, and Mohammed Zubair Shamim. "Artificial neural network modeling of methylene blue adsorption using natural saudi red clay." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (ICMEN 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075739.

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Ziemianski, Pawel, and Arkadiusz Derkowski. "Adsorption of molecular hydrogen on clay minerals under conditions relevant to its natural and artificial geologic occurrence." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10626.

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"Properties of Artificial Pozzolan Blended Cements as a Function of Clay Precursor Mineralogy and Cement Chemical Parameters." In "SP-199: Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/10504.

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Havlova´, Va´clava, Radek Cˇervinka, Ulrich Noseck, Thomas Brasser, and Josef Havel. "The Ruprechtov Natural Analogue Site (CZ) Study: Mobile Natural Organic Matter Identification, Characterisation and Link to PA Relevant Processes." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16341.

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The Ruprechtov Natural Analogue (CZ) Programme has been focused on studying real system processes, relevant to performance assessment (PA) of sediment formations that can form the overburden of geological repository host rocks. The site has been extensively studied due to its geological constitution (granite – kaolin – clay – U mineralisation – organic matter). The presented study used Ruprechtov unique but well-described geological conditions in order to identify and characterise mobile organic matter (MOM) that can be easily released into groundwater and can influence PA relevant specie migration due to complexation/sorption reaction. The modern analytical method MALDI-TOF MS was used for characterisation. It was found that only a small fraction of sedimentary natural organic matter (NOM) from the site was easily releasable (max. 5%) as MOM, resulting in low organic substance concentration in natural groundwater. MOM amount released was decreasing with increasing NOM content. MALDI-TOF MS proved to be a useful tool to characterize organic substances, either natural ones or artificially released from natural organic matter samples. A noticeable fingerprint for all the MOM compounds analysed was found at MALDI-TOF MS spectra. This showed that MOM from the Ruprechtov site was in all cases composed of molecules with low molecular weight (under 1000 Da). As determined by the consequent geochemical analyses, despite groundwater reducing conditions MOM compounds would be mainly interacting with U(VT) in the groundwater, being present as more abundant U specie. Good correspondence of results enabled to consider the extracted humic acid HA 12/3 as a mobile organic matter fraction representative.
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Терещенко, Е. Ю., А. М. Антипин, А. Л. Васильев, В. К. Кварталов, А. В. Мандрыкина, С. Ю. Монахов, Д. Н. Хмеленин, Е. В. Чернобахтова, О. А. Алексеева, and Е. Б. Яцишина. "METHODOLOGY OF MULTISCALE CERAMIC ARTIFACT RESEARCH." In Вестник "История керамики". Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-316-9.162-184.

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Представлен комплексный подход к естественно-научным исследованиям керамических артефактов. Сочетание интегральных и локальных методов современного материаловедения позволяет изучать многофазные многокомпонентные керамические материалы с высокой степенью детализации, определяя следующие параметры: катионный состав глиняной основы, количество и элементный состав естественных и искусственных включений, минералогический состав, элементный состав вплоть до следовых примесей образцов в целом. Предложен комплексный набор параметров как прототип атласа-классификатора керамики и, на примере фрагментов античных амфор с клеймами различных производственных центров (Фасос, Синопа, Гераклея), показана возможность выявления характерных особенностей такого рода изделий. An comprehensive approach to the natural science research of ceramic artifacts is presented. The combination of integral and local advanced methods of materials sciences allows us to study multiphase poly-component ceramic materials with various degrees of detail, determining the following parameters: cationic composition of the clay base, amount and elemental composition of natural and artificial inclusions, mineralogical phases and elemental composition up to trace impurities of the samples as a whole. A set of parameters is proposed for a prototype of the atlas-classifier of ceramics. The possibility of identifying the characteristic features of ceramic products is shown on the example of fragments of antique amphoras with marks of the various production centers – Thasos, Sinope, Heraclea.
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Pašić, Borivoje, Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec, Petar Mijić, and Uroš Barudžija. "Application of Outcrops Rock Samples in Laboratory Research of Shale Drilling Fluid Interaction." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62669.

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Shales instability is a result of its mineralogical composition (especially content of different water sensitive clay) and its physico-chemical properties. In different laboratory research of shale/drilling fluid interaction conducted until now, researcher used different shale samples (original rock samples taken by the coring process, drilling cuttings, outcrop samples and artificial rock samples), different laboratory equipment and various inhibitive muds. There are two main problems related to the laboratory testing of shale samples’ quantity and quality. The main task of this paper was to examine the applicability of outcrop rock (shale) samples for laboratory research of shale/drilling fluid interaction. Rock samples were taken at natural shale outcrop on different locations in Croatia. In the first stage of the laboratory research, mineralogical composition and petrophysical properties of used shale samples were tested. In the second stage, shale samples’ swelling in different fluid were examined. After getting results of the shale swelling, new quantity of outcrop shale samples was taken, crushed to drilling cuttings size and placed in roller oven cells previous charged with different fluids. In the last stage, a dried (hot rolled) shale sample was used for preparation of the artificial shale samples. Generated artificial samples were used in further laboratory research.
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Vasconcellos, C. R. A., H. R. Oliveira, and J. C. Freitas. "A Historical Case in the Bolivia-Brazil Natural Gas Pipeline: Slope on the Curriola River." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0400.

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The Bolivia-Brazil Natural Gas Pipeline has 2.600 kilometers since Rio Grande City in Bolivia until Canoas City, in south Brazil. The pipeline crosses a lot of types of geological field and difficult topography. The south spread of the pipeline is the most interesting because of its hard topography combined with the variety of geological materials, such as, colluvium deposits and debris flow areas. Curriola River is located at kilometer 408, north part of Parana State. In this area, the pipeline crosses slopes of 40 degrees of inclination. The mounting was only possible making high cuts to assure the appropriated bendings to the pipe. The high cuts generated high volumes of soil that had no place to be deposited. The construction staff decided to put all the material above the right-of-way, in down part of the slope, near Curriola River. The construction created an artificial colluvium. As well as the most colluvium mass around the world, the Curriola material is a non-resistance material, composed with clay and little rock blocks, with a high porosity. Every year, during the raining seasons, the mass movements generate tension cracks. A superficial drainage system was built in order to prevent these movements but it’s not sufficient because the embankment is more than 5 meters high. Studies have been carried out since the start of the pipeline operation. The most difficult part of the work is the access to the area that makes the whole activity a battle. The first field investigation was conclude in January 2003, composed by SPT tests, piezometer installation and investigation wells. The second part of the story will be composed by inclinometer and strain gauges installation and monitoring, together with laboratory tests with samples of the field. The aim of this paper is to present the site characterization of the Curriola River Slope, together with all the investigation made, including state of stress field, and residual stresses assessment, in order to supply the studies with condensed information for the slope stabilization and gas pipeline integrity.
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Lonc, Zbigniew. "Approximating Fair Division on D-Claw-Free Graphs." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/315.

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We study the problem of fair allocation of indivisible goods that form a graph and the bundles that are distributed to agents are connected subgraphs of this graph. We focus on the maximin share and the proportional fairness criteria. It is well-known that allocations satisfying these criteria may not exist for many graphs including complete graphs and cycles. Therefore, it is natural to look for approximate allocations, i.e., allocations guaranteeing each agent a certain portion of the value that is satisfactory to her. In this paper we consider the class of graphs of goods which do not contain a star with d+1 edges (where d > 1) as an induced subgraph. For this class of graphs we prove that there is an allocation assigning each agent a connected bundle of value at least 1/d of her maximin share. Moreover, for the same class of graphs of goods, we show a theorem which specifies what fraction of the proportional share can be guaranteed to each agent if the values of single goods for the agents are bounded by a given fraction of this share.
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El-Sheikhy, Refat, Mosleh Al-Shamrani, Akira Kobayashi, Josef Krasa, and Takeshi Miyasaka. "Analytical Characterization of Natural Clay." In NEW TREND IN APPLIED PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: The Seventh International Symposium on Applied Plasma Science. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3508536.

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Li, Shiyuan, and Jingya Zhao. "Study on the Elasto Viscoplastic Constitutive Model of Shale Influence on Fracture Conductivity." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0264.

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ABSTRACT Shale oil and gas reservoir is a new hotspot of oil and gas exploration and development. It is very important for fracturing production to produce artificial fractures with sufficient conductivity. Shale clay and organic matter content is high, which is easy to creep, and it makes the proppant embedded in the formation and affects the fracture conductivity.In this paper, an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model is proposed to study the influence of shale creep on the conductivity. Isotropic linear elastic constitutive relation is adopted for elastic model, and the Perzyna model considering isotropic hardening is adopted for the viscoplastic model. Under the confining pressure of 5 MPa and the deviator stress of 10 MPa, 15 MPa and 20 MPa respectively, the triaxial compression creep experiments were carried out on the long 7 samples, and the material parameters in the viscoplastic model were determined by fitting the experimental data.The constitutive model is programmed into the user material subroutine UMAT of Abaqus using the return mapping algorithm. Then a triaxial compression numerical creep experimental model was established to verify the model. This model is applied to fracture conductivity model to study the influence of reservoir creep on the conductivity of artificial fractures and the sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors of fracture width was carried out. INTRODUCTION In the current context of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutral", the demand for natural gas as a clean and low-carbon fossil fuel is gradually increasing(Zhong et al., 2023). As an important source of natural gas, shale has attracted more and more attention(Katende et al., 2023). Hydraulic fracturing is the main means for developing of low-permeability oil fields such as shale (Maslowski & Labus, 2021). Whether to produce artificial fractures with sufficient conductivity is an important criterion for hydraulic fracturing evaluation(Lin et al., 2020).With the increase of closing pressure, the proppants at the fracture surface embed into the reservoir, and the embedded area is easy to block pores, rock crushing and shale flakes migrate, which hinders the flow of oil and gas(Zhang et al., 2014). In the porous media space composed of proppants, with the development of shale oil and gas, the proppant's effective stress increases, leading to the proppant being further embedded in the fracture surface.
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Reports on the topic "Artificial and natural clay"

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Finin, Timothy W., Aravind K. Joshi, and Bonnie L. Webber. Natural Language Interactions with Artificial Experts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460952.

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Sobolik, Steven, Evan Keffeler, and Stuart Buchholz. Shear Behavior of Artificial Clay Seams within Bedded Salt Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1718985.

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Hudson, G. B. Natural and artificial nobel gas hydrologic tracers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170588.

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Burman, Diane, Ethan Kimbrel, Tricia Pridemore, Andrea Thanos, and Kiera Zitelman. Artificial Intelligence for Natural Gas Utilities: A Primer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1996417.

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Tirrell, David A. Genetic Engineering of Artificial Proteins Containing Non-Natural Amino Acids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394071.

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Chang, Guocen. Research on Natural Hearing and the Development Toward Artificial Hearing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239239.

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TIMOTHY J. KNEAFSEY AND KARSTEN PRUESS. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ON HEAT-DRIVEN TWO-PHASE FLOWS IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ROCK FRACTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778893.

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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, and Максим Олександрович Квітко. Perspectives and Using Woody Artificial Plantations for Harmonization of the Natural Environment in Kryvyi Rih. Book of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific Conference. Nitra, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5440.

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The research aimed to study artificial woody plantations as a significant factor in improving the ecological environment for their further use, adhering to the paradigm of sustainable development in the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. In our opinion, the biogeochemical parameters of each seasonal fallen tree leaves can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the viability, or in other words, the health of tree species, and predict the development of artificial woody plantations.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, and Максим Олександрович Квітко. Perspectives and Using Woody Artificial Plantations for Harmonization of the Natural Environment in Kryvyi Rih. Book of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific Conference. Nitra, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5440.

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The research aimed to study artificial woody plantations as a significant factor in improving the ecological environment for their further use, adhering to the paradigm of sustainable development in the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. In our opinion, the biogeochemical parameters of each seasonal fallen tree leaves can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the viability, or in other words, the health of tree species, and predict the development of artificial woody plantations.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, and Максим Олександрович Квітко. Perspectives and Using Woody Artificial Plantations for Harmonization of the Natural Environment in Kryvyi Rih. Book of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific Conference. Nitra, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5440.

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The research aimed to study artificial woody plantations as a significant factor in improving the ecological environment for their further use, adhering to the paradigm of sustainable development in the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. In our opinion, the biogeochemical parameters of each seasonal fallen tree leaves can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the viability, or in other words, the health of tree species, and predict the development of artificial woody plantations.
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