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Journal articles on the topic 'Artifacts'
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1
Schmitt, Anuschka, Naim Zierau, Andreas Janson, and Jan Marco Leimeister. "The Role of AI-Based Artifacts’ Voice Capabilities for Agency Attribution." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 24, no. 4 (2023): 980–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00827.
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The pervasiveness and increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence (AI)-based artifacts within private, organizational, and social realms are changing how humans interact with machines. Theorizing about the way that humans perceive AI-based artifacts is, for example, crucial to understanding why and to what extent humans deem these artifacts to be competent for decision-making but has traditionally taken a modality-agnostic view. In this paper, we theorize about a particular case of interaction, namely that of voice-based interaction with AI-based artifacts. We argue that the capabilities and perceived naturalness of such artifacts, fueled by continuous advances in natural language processing, induce users to deem an artifact as able to act autonomously in a goal-oriented manner. We show that there is a positive direct relationship between the voice capabilities of an artifact and users’ agency attribution, ultimately obscuring the artifact’s true nature and competencies. This relationship is further moderated by the artifact’s actual agency, uncertainty, and user characteristics.
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Berger, Arne, Sören Totzauer, Kevin Lefeuvre, Michael Storz, Albrecht Kurze, and Andreas Bischof. "Wicked, Open, Collaborative: Why Research through Design Matters for HCI Research." i-com 16, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2017-0014.
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AbstractIn contrast to the first and second wave of Human Computer Interaction, the third wave grapples with wicked problems. However, re-solutions to wicked problems embodied in artifacts frame and change the understanding of the problem itself. Research through Design (RtD) is a constructive methodology to understand this interplay of problem framing through designing artifacts. RtD is also suited to resurface the theory within those artifacts through annotation. These annotations expose and emphasize qualities, values and assumptions held within artifacts by its creators. In addition to those modes for annotation, we will suggest two additional abstract frames through which RtD artifacts can be further annotated: Open Research Agenda and Interdisciplinarity. We will apply both frames to one research artifact, Loaded Dice to distill qualities from this artifact’s framing. Through this we will show how creating and deploying an artifact can change its environment which also includes its creators.
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Satpathy, Rudra Bhanu, and J. Sunil Gavaskar. "An Effective Approach for Motion Artifacts Suppression from EEG Signal." Transaction on Biomedical Engineering Applications and Healthcare 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/tbeah/01.01.a001.
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Electroencephalographic(EEG) is a vital signal to analysis the neurological diseases in human being. This EEG signal captured even in highly hospitalic and standard environment may currpted by some non-physiological signals which are termed as artifact in medical term. These artifacts may disturb the quality of signal. Thus, mitigation of these artifacts from EEG signal is an important step. In this work an improved filtering mechanism is proposed forsingle channel EEG signal motion artifacts eradication. The input single channel EEG signal isdecomposed into multi-channel signal. Moreover, this multichannel signal is applied to an cascaded approach of Blind Source Separation (BSS) and wavelet transform in order to eleiminate the artifacts as well as randomness available in the signal due to this artifats. The results are tested with the existing work in the EEG artifact removal which shows outperformance of the proposed method. Keyword : EEG, EEMD-ICA, CCA, DWT, EEMD-DWICA.
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Schiffer, Michael Brian, and James M. Skibo. "The Explanation of Artifact Variability." American Antiquity 62, no. 1 (January 1997): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282378.
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We furnish a theoretical framework for explaining that portion of formal variability in artifacts attributable to the behavior of the artisan. Major causal factors are the artisan's knowledge and experience, extent of feedback on performance in activities along the artifact's behavioral chain, situational factors in behavioral chain activities, technological constraints, and social processes of conflict and negotiation. In identifying the causal factors at work in a specific case, the investigator must focus analytically on activities-that is, on people-people, people-artifact, and artifact-artifact interactions-and on the performance characteristics relevant to each. Application of this behavioral framework allows abandonment of many cherished but unhelpful concepts, including style and function. Ceramic artifacts, the low-fired, clay cooking pot in particular, are employed for illustrative purposes.
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Grosman, Leore, Antoine Muller, Itamar Dag, Hadas Goldgeier, Ortal Harush, Gadi Herzlinger, Keren Nebenhaus, Francesco Valetta, Talia Yashuv, and Nir Dick. "Artifact3-D: New software for accurate, objective and efficient 3D analysis and documentation of archaeological artifacts." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): e0268401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268401.
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The study of artifacts is fundamental to archaeological research. The features of individual artifacts are recorded, analyzed, and compared within and between contextual assemblages. Here we present and make available for academic-use Artifact3-D, a new software package comprised of a suite of analysis and documentation procedures for archaeological artifacts. We introduce it here, alongside real archaeological case studies to demonstrate its utility. Artifact3-D equips its users with a range of computational functions for accurate measurements, including orthogonal distances, surface area, volume, CoM, edge angles, asymmetry, and scar attributes. Metrics and figures for each of these measurements are easily exported for the purposes of further analysis and illustration. We test these functions on a range of real archaeological case studies pertaining to tool functionality, technological organization, manufacturing traditions, knapping techniques, and knapper skill. Here we focus on lithic artifacts, but the Artifact3-D software can be used on any artifact type to address the needs of modern archaeology. Computational methods are increasingly becoming entwined in the excavation, documentation, analysis, database creation, and publication of archaeological research. Artifact3-D offers functions to address every stage of this workflow. It equips the user with the requisite toolkit for archaeological research that is accurate, objective, repeatable and efficient. This program will help archaeological research deal with the abundant material found during excavations and will open new horizons in research trajectories.
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Jung, Ju Yeon, Tom Steinberger, John L. King, and Mark S. Ackerman. "Negotiating Repairedness: How Artifacts Under Repair Become Contingently Stabilized." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3476069.
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This paper examines "repairedness" - the contingently stable, working version of an artifact under repair that is negotiated out of multiple possible versions to bring about the temporary conclusion of repair work. Our paper draws on an ethnographic study of an analog electronics repair community in Seoul, South Korea to develop two contributions. First, studying processes of negotiating the repairedness of an artifact accounts for contingency in the properties of the artifact itself, which differs from contingencies in collaborative work practices that have been a focus of CSCW research on repair. Second, a concept of repairedness highlights how ongoing processes of interacting with an artifact nonetheless need to be brought to contingent conclusions, suggesting that an artifact's properties are a valuable site for sustainable engagement. These contributions help CSCW research on repair account for the multiplicity of artifacts highlighted by STS scholars as integral to how humans sustainably engage with artifacts in their practices.
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Cho, Nam Chul, Min Kyeong Jang, and Il Kwon Huh. "A Study on the Microstructure and Corrosion Characteristics of Early Iron Age Bronze Mirrors Excavated from the Korean Peninsula." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052441.
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Bronze mirrors, considered important grave goods, were widely used before glass mirrors in ancient times. Most excavated bronze artifacts are covered with corrosive materials and lose their original colors. More importantly, identifying corrosion characteristics and the manufacturing techniques used for these artifacts are essential for proper artifact preservation. In this study, Early Iron Age bronze mirrors excavated from the Korean Peninsula were examined to determine their microstructures, corrosion characteristics, and production techniques using various analytical methods, such as Micro-Raman spectroscopy and field emission electron probe microanalysis. As a result, sulfides containing iron suggested chalcopyrite use during production or that the sulfides originated from copper, iron, and sulfur residual matte. The analysis also detected corrosion layers with high tin oxide (SnO2) levels and selective corrosion in the α + δ eutectoid phase on the artifact’s surface. In the corrosive layer, cuprite, malachite, and cassiterite corrosion products were detected, and nanocrystalline SnO2 was identified as a characteristic of long-term soil erosion. Identifying these artifacts’ corrosion characteristics and manufacturing techniques is essential and can greatly contribute to proper artifact preservation.
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Ottoman, Oscar, Shaban Urassa, Edrick Elias, Jeffer Bhuko, and Aron O. Isay. "Histopathological Evaluation of the Microtomy Artifacts on Haematoxylin and Eosin Section; Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study." East African Journal of Health and Science 5, no. 1 (September 20, 2022): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajhs.5.1.848.
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Background information: Microtomy artifacts are abnormal structures or features in histological slides resulting from tissue sectioning by microtome. Objective: To determine the type and prevalence of microtomy artifacts found in histopathological tissue sections slides at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional observational study that involved 547 consecutive hematoxylins and eosin (H&E) stained sections of histological archived tissue slides of January 2021. The slides were retrieved from the archives of the histopathology laboratory at BMC, Mwanza Tanzania and analysed for artifacts under a light microscope. Results: A total number of 547 histopathological slides were retrieved for the study and 412 (75.3%) slides had microtomy artifacts present while the remaining 135 (24.7%) histopathological slides had no microtomy artifacts. Of 412 slides with microtomy artifacts, 204(49.5%) slides had only one type of microtomy artifacts while the remaining 208 (50.5%) slides had more than one type of microtomy artifacts. There was a total of 672 microtomy artifacts, and the majority 576 (85.7%) were due to section cutting, followed by trimming artifacts in 92 (13.69%) of the slides. The least artifact was floatation which was seen in 4 (0.6%) of the slides. For the floatation artifact, the folding artifact was the most commonly seen in 300(54.8%) of the slides. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of microtomy artifacts at BMC reflects the problem of interpretation of histopathological slides in our setting. Section folding artifacts were the most prevalent pattern of artifact observed in this study.
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Bahr, Amrei, Massimiliano Carrara, and Ludger Jansen. "Functions and Kinds of Art Works and Other Artifacts." Grazer Philosophische Studien 96, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-000065.
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Currently, there is not yet a full-fledged philosophical sub-discipline devoted to artifacts. In order to establish such a general philosophical discourse on artifacts, two topics are of special importance: artifact functionality and artifact categorization. Both are central to the question of what artifacts are in general and in particular. This introduction first presents the current state of the art in the debates on functions, both in general and in the domain of artifacts in particular. It then unfolds the three debates relevant for artifact kinds, namely the ontological, epistemological and semantic debates on artifact categorization, and presents the most important theory options currently under scrutiny in these fields. It proceeds by introducing the contributions in this special issue on the functions and kinds of art works and other artifacts, and discusses possible perspectives for a general philosophy of artifacts.
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Dillinger, Daniel, Daniel Overhoff, Matthias F. Froelich, Hanns L. Kaatsch, Christian Booz, Achim Hagen, Thomas J. Vogl, Stefan O. Schönberg, and Stephan Waldeck. "Photon-Counting Detector CT Virtual Monoenergetic Images in Cervical Trauma Imaging—Optimization of Dental Metal Artifacts and Image Quality." Diagnostics 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2024): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060626.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of dental metal artifacts in virtual monoenergetic (VME) images, as they often compromise image quality by obscuring soft tissue affecting vascular attenuation reducing sensitivity in the detection of dissections. Methods: Neck photon-counting CT datasets of 50 patients undergoing contrast-enhanced trauma CT were analyzed. Hyperattenuation and hypoattenuation artifacts, muscle with and without artifacts and vessels with and without artifacts were measured at energy levels from 40 keV to 190 keV. The corrected artifact burden, corrected image noise and artifact index were calculated. We also assessed subjective image quality on a Likert-scale. Results: Our study showed a lower artifact burden and less noise in artifact-affected areas above the energy levels of 70 keV for hyperattenuation artifacts (conventional polychromatic CT images 1123 ± 625 HU vs. 70 keV VME 1089 ± 733 HU, p = 0.125) and above of 80 keV for hypoattenuation artifacts (conventional CT images −1166 ± 779 HU vs. 80 keV VME −1170 ± 851 HU, p = 0.927). Vascular structures were less hampered by metal artifacts than muscles (e.g., corrected artifact burden at 40 keV muscle 158 ± 125 HU vs. vessels −63 ± 158 HU p < 0.001), which was also reflected in the subjective image assessment, which showed better ratings at higher keV values and overall better ratings for vascular structures than for the overall artifact burden. Conclusions: Our research suggests 70 keV might be the best compromise for reducing metal artifacts affecting vascular structures and preventing vascular contrast if solely using VME reconstructions. VME imaging shows only significant effects on the general artifact burden. Vascular structures generally experience fewer metal artifacts than soft tissue due to their greater distance from the teeth, which are a common source of such artifacts.
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Mohammed, Sidi, and Muhammad Abubakar. "Evaluation of MRI Artifact in some selected centers in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 1831–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i4.38.
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Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) artifacts can occur due to hardware or software related problems, human physiologic phenomenon or physical restrictions. Careful study design and scanning protocols can prevent certain artifacts from occurring, but some are unavoidable.
Study aims: The study aimed at evaluating MRI artifact in some selected centers in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving both prospective and retrospective phases across three centres in the Kano metropolis from March 2019 to August 2019. Using the purposive sampling method, 3 centers were selected. A data capture sheet was designed for data collection.
Results: Thirty five (50%) of the artifacts encountered were from the centreA, 28(40%) from the centre B, and 7(10%) from the centre C. Motion-induced artifact was the most frequently encountered artifact 26(37.1%), followed by wrap-around artifact 15(21.4%), and then frequency-induced artifact 13(18.6%). Thoracic spine MRI had the highest number of artifacts 28(40%), followed by brain 20(28.6%), and then lumbar spine 19(27.1%).
Conclusion: In Kano metropolis the most encountered MRI artifact was the motion-induced artifact and thoracic spine MRI had the highest number of artifacts. The artifacts had a negative effect on image quality.
Keywords: MRI artifacts; image quality; Kano metropolis.
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Al-Maatoq, Marwah, Melanie Fachet, Heike Walles, and Christoph Hoeschen. "Susceptibility artifacts evaluation for non-metallic biopsy needles in a biological-engineered 3D tumor model." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1074.
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Abstract Nowadays, needle artifacts are an essential restriction for MRI-guided interventions, as they influence the visually perceived needle size and needle destination. Standard MRI needles made of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys still produce massive artifacts in MRI due to materials’ interactions with the magnetic environment. The use of non-metallic materials can reduce these artifacts. Therefore, we propose a nonmetallic concept of a coaxial needle design concept with a fiber-enforced inner core and an outer polymeric hollow sheet. This work aims to evaluate the artifact performance of the proposed needles in a custom-made three-dimensional (3D) tumor model with a relevant size and thickness for medical interventions under MRI guidance using a 3T field strength with a T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence. Three coaxial MRcompatible needles were inserted in the custom-made 3D tissue phantom, one standard needle from NiTi, and two proposed non-metallic needles. Artifact’s width and length were measured for each needle. Overall, the non-metallic needles showed significantly lower artifacts than the standard NiTi needle inside the 3D tumor model.
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Adali, Sibel, Xiaohui Lu, Malik Magdon-Ismail, and Jonathan Purnell. "Prominence Ranking in Graphs with Community Structure." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 5, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14186.
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We consider prominence ranking in graphs involving actors, their artifacts and the artifact groups. When multiple actors contributing to an artifact constitutes a social tie, associations between the artifacts can be used to infer prominence among actors. This is because prominent actors will tend to collaborate on prominent artifacts, and prominent artifacts will be associated with other prominent artifacts. Our testbed example is the DBLP co-authorship graph: multiple authors (the actors) collaborate to publish research papers (the artifacts); collaboration is the social tie. Papers have prominence themselves (eg. quality and impact of the work) and the prominence of the venues are tied to the prominence of the papers in them. We use our methods to infer prominence based on the venue-based associations of papers, and compare our rankings with external citation based measures of prominence. We compare with numerous other ranking algorithms, and show that the ranking performance gain from using the venues is statistically significant. What if there are no natural artifact groups like venues? We develop a new algorithm which uses discovered artifact groups. Our approach consists of two steps. First, we find artifact groups by linking artifacts with common contributors. Note that instead of finding communities of actors, we consider communities of artifacts. We then use these grouped artifacts in the prominence ranking algorithm. We consider different methods for obtaining the artifact groups, in particular a very efficient embedding based algorithm for graph clustering and show the effectiveness of our method in improving the ranking of actors. The inferred groups are as good as or better than the natural conference venues for DBLP.
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Pohlmann, Dominika, Martin Berlin, Felix Reidl, Steffen Emil Künzel, Uwe Pleyer, Antonia M. Joussen, and Sibylle Winterhalter. "Longitudinal Comparison of Constant Artifacts in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Posterior Uveitis Compared to Healthy Subjects." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 5376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185376.
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Background: Knowledge about artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is important to avoid misinterpretations. An overview of possible artifacts in posterior uveitis provides important information for interpretations. Methods: In this monocentric prospective study, OCTA images from a total of 102 eyes of 54 patients with posterior uveitis, and an age-matched control group including 34 healthy subjects (67 eyes), were evaluated (day 0, month 3, month 6). We assigned different artifacts to distinct layers. Various types of artifacts were examined in different retinal layers. The χ2 test for the comparison between the control and uveitis group and Cochran’s Q test for the longitudinal comparison within the uveitis group were used. Results: A total of 2238 images were evaluated; 1836 from uveitis patients and 402 from healthy subjects. A total of 2193 artifacts were revealed. Projection (812 [36.3%]), segmentation (579 [25.9%]), shadowing (404 [18.1%]), and blink artifacts (297 [13.3%]) were the most common artifact types. The uveitis group displayed significantly more segmentation artifacts and projection artifacts (p < 0.001). No segmentation artifacts were documented in healthy subjects. The consecutive examinations within the uveitis group revealed the same artifact types without significance (p > 0.1). Conclusions: The uveitis patients showed more segmentation and projection artifacts than the control group. Within the uveitis group, artifacts remained longitudinally constant in terms of artifact type and pattern. The artifacts therefore appear to be reproducible on an individual level.
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Sydorov, N. A. "Toward software artifacts ecosystem." PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING, no. 4 (December 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pp2020.04.110.
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In the process of developing and maintaining a software product, many things are created and used that are called software artefacts. Software artifacts are created, changed, reused, and change relationships in the development and maintenance processes of a software product. The complexity and variety of software artifact relationships require adequate means of description and management. They may be a software artifacts ecosystem. In the article, for the first time, a concept of a software artifact ecosystem is proposed. The concept describes a generic model of the software artifacts ecosystem, which is the Cornerstone ecosystem type and consists of three actors — the platform, the software, and the artifact. Based on the generic model, the SD model of the software artifacts ecosystem is described. The roles of actors in the ecosystem are indicated, the relationships between actors are described. The developer's activities will be more efficient, the software is understandable, and the development and maintenance is cheaper when the styles (standards) are used. As case study, based on the generic model of the software artifacts ecosystem, a declarative model of the programming style ecosystem has been developed. Three-level model of programming style artifact is proposed. The tools and processes for creating and using a programming style artifact are developed and described.
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Škorić, Tamara. "Reduction of Artifacts in Capacitive Electrocardiogram Signals of Driving Subjects." Entropy 24, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010013.
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The development of smart cars with e-health services allows monitoring of the health condition of the driver. Driver comfort is preserved by the use of capacitive electrodes, but the recorded signal is characterized by large artifacts. This paper proposes a method for reducing artifacts from the ECG signal recorded by capacitive electrodes (cECG) in moving subjects. Two dominant artifact types are coarse and slow-changing artifacts. Slow-changing artifacts removal by classical filtering is not feasible as the spectral bands of artifacts and cECG overlap, mostly in the band from 0.5 to 15 Hz. We developed a method for artifact removal, based on estimating the fluctuation around linear trend, for both artifact types, including a condition for determining the presence of coarse artifacts. The method was validated on cECG recorded while driving, with the artifacts predominantly due to the movements, as well as on cECG recorded while lying, where the movements were performed according to a predefined protocol. The proposed method eliminates 96% to 100% of the coarse artifacts, while the slow-changing artifacts are completely reduced for the recorded cECG signals larger than 0.3 V. The obtained results are in accordance with the opinion of medical experts. The method is intended for reliable extraction of cardiovascular parameters to monitor driver fatigue status.
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Wetzl, Matthias, Evelyn Wenkel, Chrisitan Steiding, Veikko Ruth, Julius Emons, Martin N. Wasser, Michael Uder, and Sabine Ohlmeyer. "Feasibility of In Vivo Metal Artifact Reduction in Contrast-Enhanced Dedicated Spiral Breast Computed Tomography." Diagnostics 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2023): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193062.
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Background: Radiopaque breast markers cause artifacts in dedicated spiral breast-computed tomography (SBCT). This study investigates the extent of artifacts in different marker types and the feasibility of reducing artifacts through a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm. Methods: The pilot study included 18 women who underwent contrast-enhanced SBCT. In total, 20 markers of 4 different types were analyzed for artifacts. The extent of artifacts with and without MAR was measured via the consensus of two readers. Image noise was quantitatively evaluated, and the effect of MAR on the detectability of breast lesions was evaluated on a 3-point Likert scale. Results: Breast markers caused significant artifacts that impaired image quality and the detectability of lesions. MAR decreased artifact size in all analyzed cases, even in cases with multiple markers in a single slice. The median length of in-plain artifacts significantly decreased from 31 mm (range 11–51 mm) in uncorrected to 2 mm (range 1–5 mm) in corrected images (p ≤ 0.05). Artifact size was dependent on marker size. Image noise in slices affected by artifacts was significantly lower in corrected (13.6 ± 2.2 HU) than in uncorrected images (19.2 ± 6.8 HU, p ≤ 0.05). MAR improved the detectability of lesions affected by artifacts in 5 out of 11 cases. Conclusion: MAR is feasible in SBCT and improves the image quality and detectability of lesions.
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Pelletier, Jenny. "Getting Real: Ockham on the Human Contribution to the Nature and Production of Artifacts." Philosophies 7, no. 5 (August 23, 2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7050090.
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Given his known predilection for ontological parsimony, Ockham’s ontology of artifacts is unsurprisingly reductionist: artifacts are nothing over and above their existing and appropriately ordered parts. However, the case of artifacts is notable in that they are real objects that human artisans produce by bringing about a real change: they spatially rearrange existing natural thing(s) or their parts for the sake of some end. This article argues that the human contribution to the nature and production of artifacts is two-fold: (1) the artisan’s cognitive grasp of her expertise and her decision to deploy that expertise are the two efficient causes necessary to explain the existence of an artifact, and (2) the purpose that the artisan had in mind when she decided to make an artifact fixes the function(s) of the artifact such that an artisan’s purpose is the final cause necessary to explain what an artifact is. Artifacts indeed exist, owing what they are and that they are to intelligent and volitional human activity, which Ockham never denies. The article submits that a myopic focus on Ockham’s indisputable reductionism does not exhaust what is metaphysically interesting and relevant about artifacts.
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Smith, Owen F. "Object Artifact, Image Artifacts and Conceptual Artifacts: Beyond the object into the Event." Artifact 1, no. 1 (April 2007): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17493460600610707.
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Weyns, Danny, Ilias Gerostathopoulos, Barbora Buhnova, Nicolás Cardozo, Emilia Cioroaica, Ivana Dusparic, Lars Grunske, et al. "Guidelines for Artifacts to Support Industry-Relevant Research on Self-Adaptation." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 47, no. 4 (September 27, 2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3561846.3561852.
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Artifacts support evaluating new research results and help comparing them with the state of the art in a field of interest. Over the past years, several artifacts have been introduced to support research in the field of self-adaptive systems. While these artifacts have shown their value, it is not clear to what extent these artifacts support research on problems in self-adaptation that are relevant to industry. This paper provides a set of guidelines for artifacts that aim at supporting industry-relevant research on selfadaptation. The guidelines that are grounded on data obtained from a survey with practitioners were derived during working sessions at the 17th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems. Artifact providers can use the guidelines for aligning future artifacts with industry needs; they can also be used to evaluate the industrial relevance of existing artifacts. We also propose an artifact template.
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Park, Sang-Ho, Ga-Rin Park, and Kwang-Ryul Baek. "Edge Bleeding Artifact Reduction for Shape from Focus in Microscopic 3D Sensing." Sensors 23, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 8602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208602.
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Shape from focus enables microscopic 3D sensing by combining it with a microscope system. However, edge bleeding artifacts of estimated depth easily occur in this environment. Therefore, this study analyzed artifacts and proposed a method to reduce edge bleeding artifacts. As a result of the analysis, the artifact factors are the depth of field of the lens, object texture, brightness difference between layers, and the slope of the object. Additionally, to reduce artifacts, a weighted focus measure value method was proposed based on the asymmetry of local brightness in artifacts. The proposed reduction method was evaluated through simulation and implementation. Edge bleeding artifact reduction rates of up to 60% were shown in various focus measure operators. The proposed method can be used with postprocessing algorithms and reduces edge bleeding artifacts.
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Tomi, Paula. "Some Issues Regarding Artifacts." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 65, no. 3 (December 10, 2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2020.3.10.
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"When it comes to artifacts, the functional accounts define them as objects that have an intended function. This function is considered essential for them and is used to classify artifacts and differentiate them. However, functional accounts of artifacts face some serious criticism. It seems that a function is neither essential, nor sufficient for an artifact. Thomasson offers a new perspective on artifacts. The author defines artifacts based on their intended feature. A feature may, of course, be a function but does not have to be just that. Generally speaking, intended features are norms of how to treat that specific artifact. Such an account is able to escape the criticism raised against functional accounts. In this article is presented Baker’s functional account of artifacts and some criticism that can be raised for such an account. The second part of the article critically introduces Thomasson’s account for artifacts. The aim of this article is to support Thomasson’s account against a functional perspective. Keywords: artifacts, mind-dependent objects, intended function, natural kinds, intended feature, Amie Thomasson, L. R. Baker"
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Du, Xinyu, and Xinying Li. "A Study of Weathering of Glass Artifacts Based on Spearman's Correlation Coefficient and Chi-Square Test." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 69 (November 6, 2023): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v69i.13773.
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Ancient glass is very susceptible to weathering by the influence of the burial environment, in order to determine whether the glass artifacts weathered with the type of artifacts, ornamentation and color and other characteristics of the relationship, this paper first identifies the correlation between the artifacts, the use of Spearman correlation coefficient of the artifacts of the ornamentation, the type and the color of the artifacts with the surface of the correlation between the weathering, and then the use of the fixed type of data of the difference between the analysis of the chi-square test. It was finally concluded that whether the surface of the artifacts was weathered or not was correlated with their decoration, type and color, while whether the surface of the artifacts was weathered or not was significantly different from their type. Finally, type was used as a fixed variable to determine the relationship between weathering of artifact surfaces and their decoration, color and total chemical content range. Weathered artifacts are then mapped one by one to unweathered artifacts through Euclidean distances, and the artifact with the smallest vector distance is used as a predictor of its pre-weathered chemical composition content.
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Telatin, Andrea. "Qiime Artifact eXtractor (qax): A Fast and Versatile Tool to Interact with Qiime2 Archives." BioTech 10, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biotech10010005.
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Qiime2 is one of the most popular software tools used for analysis of output from metabarcoding experiments (e.g., sequencing of 16S, 18S, or ITS amplicons). Qiime2 introduced a novel and innovative data exchange format: the ‘Qiime2 artifact’. Qiime2 artifacts are structured compressed archives containing a dataset and its associated metadata. Examples of datasets are FASTQ reads, representative sequences in FASTA format, a phylogenetic tree in Newick format, while examples of metadata are the command that generated the artifact, information on the execution environment, citations on the used software, and all the metadata of the artifacts used to produce it. While artifacts can improve the shareability and reproducibility of Qiime2 workflows, they are less easily integrated with general bioinformatics pipelines. Accessing metadata in the artifacts also requires full Qiime2 installation. Qiime Artifact eXtractor (qax) allows users to easily interface with Qiime2 artifacts from the command line, without needing the full Qiime2 environment installed (or activated).
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Han, Rui, Fengying Zeng, Jing Li, Zhenwen Yao, Wenhua Guo, and Jiyuan Zhao. "A Dilated Residual Network for Turbine Blade ICT Image Artifact Removal." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021028.
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Artifacts are divergent strip artifacts or dark stripe artifacts in Industrial Computed Tomography (ICT) images due to large differences in density among the components of scanned objects, which can significantly distort the actual structure of scanned objects in ICT images. The presence of artifacts can seriously affect the practical application effectiveness of ICT in defect detection and dimensional measurement. In this paper, a series of convolution neural network models are designed and implemented based on preparing the ICT image artifact removal datasets. Our findings indicate that the RF (receptive field) and the spatial resolution of network can significantly impact the effectiveness of artifact removal. Therefore, we propose a dilated residual network for turbine blade ICT image artifact removal (DRAR), which enhances the RF of the network while maintaining spatial resolution with only a slight increase in computational load. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the DRAR achieves exceptional performance in artifact removal.
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Hung, Alex Ling Yu, Edward Chen, and John Galeotti. "Weakly- and Semisupervised Probabilistic Segmentation and Quantification of Reverberation Artifacts." BME Frontiers 2022 (March 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9837076.
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Objective and Impact Statement. We propose a weakly- and semisupervised, probabilistic needle-and-reverberation-artifact segmentation algorithm to separate the desired tissue-based pixel values from the superimposed artifacts. Our method models the intensity decay of artifact intensities and is designed to minimize the human labeling error. Introduction. Ultrasound image quality has continually been improving. However, when needles or other metallic objects are operating inside the tissue, the resulting reverberation artifacts can severely corrupt the surrounding image quality. Such effects are challenging for existing computer vision algorithms for medical image analysis. Needle reverberation artifacts can be hard to identify at times and affect various pixel values to different degrees. The boundaries of such artifacts are ambiguous, leading to disagreement among human experts labeling the artifacts. Methods. Our learning-based framework consists of three parts. The first part is a probabilistic segmentation network to generate the soft labels based on the human labels. These soft labels are input into the second part which is the transform function, where the training labels for the third part are generated. The third part outputs the final masks which quantifies the reverberation artifacts. Results. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach and compare it against other segmentation algorithms. Our method is capable of both differentiating between the reverberations from artifact-free patches and modeling the intensity fall-off in the artifacts. Conclusion. Our method matches state-of-the-art artifact segmentation performance and sets a new standard in estimating the per-pixel contributions of artifact vs underlying anatomy, especially in the immediately adjacent regions between reverberation lines. Our algorithm is also able to improve the performance of downstream image analysis algorithms.
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Meister, Rieke Lisa, Michael Groth, Shuo Zhang, Jan-Hendrik Buhk, and Jochen Herrmann. "Evaluation of Artifact Appearance and Burden in Pediatric Brain Tumor MR Imaging with Compressed Sensing in Comparison to Conventional Parallel Imaging Acceleration." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2023): 5732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175732.
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Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aims for the highest possible image quality, while balancing the need for acceptable examination time, reasonable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and lowest artifact burden. With a recently introduced imaging acceleration technique, compressed sensing, the acquisition speed and image quality of pediatric brain tumor exams can be improved. However, little attention has been paid to its impact on method-related artifacts in pediatric brain MRI. This study assessed the overall artifact burden and artifact appearances in a standardized pediatric brain tumor MRI by comparing conventional parallel imaging acceleration with compressed sensing. This showed that compressed sensing resulted in fewer physiological artifacts in the FLAIR sequence, and a reduction in technical artifacts in the 3D T1 TFE sequences. Only a slight difference was noted in the T2 TSE sequence. A relatively new range of artifacts, which are likely technique-related, was noted in the 3D T1 TFE sequences. In conclusion, by equipping a basic pediatric brain tumor protocol for 3T MRI with compressed sensing, the overall burden of common artifacts can be reduced. However, attention should be paid to novel compressed-sensing-specific artifacts.
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KAPLAN, MICHAEL, and JOSEPH Z. GLUSTEIN. "Artifacts Causing Artifacts." Pediatrics 92, no. 2 (August 1, 1993): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.2.301a.
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To the Editor.— Neonatologists frequently contend with artifacts produced by medical equipment causing unwanted shadows on chest and abdominal radiographs. These artifacts are frequently caused by monitoring equipment and respiratory tubing. We have not yet encountered cases of religious artifacts causing such distorting images. Recently, two infants being ventilated on open radiant warmer incubators and x-rayed on the same day, were found to have rectangular semiopaque outlines on their radiographs (Fig 1). A search of all the medical and radiographic equipment did not reveal the origin of these artifacts.
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Åkerlund, Erik. "Suárez’ Minimal Realism of Artifacts." Philosophies 7, no. 6 (November 25, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7060133.
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The article places Francisco Suárez (1548–1617) and his position on the ontological status of artifacts against the Medieval philosophical background. It is concluded that Suárez is an artifact realist. However, Suárez’ realism concerning artifacts is of a minimalist kind. Inscribing himself into the realist tradition, Suárez affirms that an artifact has an “artificial form”, a ‘forma artificialis’. However, this form is not a thing in its own right, but rather has the status of a mode. Further, the artificial form is not a mode of substance, but rather of quantity. Hence, Suárez can rightly be called a minimal realist concerning artifacts. In an additional section, the role of the exemplar in the production of an artifact is explored. Suárez counts the exemplar among the efficient causes, and so, the exemplar in the mind of the artisan is one of many efficient causes that together produce and determine the artifact.
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Seely, John Curtis, Sabine Francke, Steven R. Mog, Kendall S. Frazier, and Gordon C. Hard. "Renal Papillary Rarefaction: An Artifact Mimicking Papillary Necrosis." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319852291.
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In histopathology, the presence of a tissue change that does not represent the tissue’s normal appearance can often lead to an incorrect diagnosis and interpretation. These changes are collectively known as “artifacts” resulting from postmortem autolysis, improper fixation, problems with tissue handling or slide preparation procedures. Most tissue artifacts are obvious, yet some artifacts may be subtle, occur in relatively well-fixed tissue, and demand careful observation to avoid confusion with real biological lesions. The kidney often contains artifacts that may be observed throughout all regions of the renal parenchyma. Cortical tubule artifacts present the greatest challenge when discerning an artifact versus an induced lesion following exposure to a xenobiotic. However, confounding artifacts observed at the tip of the renal papilla may also be problematic for the pathologist. An uncommon artifact involving tinctorial alteration and rarefaction affecting the papillary tip of the rat kidney is described here and differentiated from treatment induced lesions of renal papillary necrosis.
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Uchida, Daiki, Yuki Amano, Hirokazu Nakatogawa, Takayuki Masui, Naoto Ando, Teiji Nakayama, Haruhiko Sato, Tetsuro Sameshima, and Tokutaro Tanaka. "Setting pressure can change the size and shape of MRI artifacts caused by adjustable shunt valves: a study of the 4 newest models." Journal of Neurosurgery 130, no. 4 (April 2019): 1260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.12.jns171533.
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OBJECTIVEAdjustable shunt valves that have been developed for the management of hydrocephalus all rely on intrinsically magnetic components, and artifacts with these valves on MRI are thus inevitable. The authors have previously reported that the shapes of shunt artifacts differ under different valve pressures with the proGAV 2.0 valve. In the present study the authors compared the size and shape of artifacts at different pressure settings with 4 new-model shunt valves.METHODSThe authors attached 4 new models of MRI-resistant shunt valve to the temporal scalp of a healthy volunteer: the proGAV 2.0; Codman Certas Plus; Polaris; and Strata MR. They set 3 different scales of pressures for each valve, depending on magnet orientation to the body axis. Artifacts were evaluated and compared among all valves on a 3.0-T GE scanner and 2 valves were also evaluated on a Philips scanner and a Siemens scanner. In-plane artifact sizes were evaluated as the maximum distance of the artifact from the expected scalp.RESULTSThe sizes and shapes of artifacts changed depending on valve pressure for all valves on the 3 different MRI scanners. Artifacts were less prominent on spin echo sequences than on gradient echo sequences. For diffusion-weighted imaging and time-of-flight MR angiography, the authors matched image numbers within the same sequence and compared appearances of artifacts. For all valves, the number of images affected by artifacts and the image number showing the largest artifact differed among valve settings.CONCLUSIONSArtifacts of all adjustable shunt valves showed gross changes corresponding to pressure setting. Not only the maximum distance of artifacts but also the shape changed significantly. The authors suggest that changing pressure settings offers one of the easiest ways to minimize artifacts on MRI.
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Poudel, Pratibha, and Bhoj Raj Adhikari. "Analysis of Histopathological Artifacts in Oral Biopsy Specimen: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v19i1.44310.
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Introduction Arriving at the final diagnosis requires the histopathological examination of the biopsied lesion. Many a times, diagnosis of lesion may be hindered due to presence of artifacts in the slide. Having a thorough knowledge of these artifacts help to take the precautionary measures to avoid their occurrence. This study is an attempt to analyze histopathological slides from Department of Oral Pathology to identify the artifacts seen in oral biopsy specimens. Methods This cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Oral Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital from July 2021 to February 2022. Slides of all the biopsies during the study period were included in the study. The artifacts were divided into three groups: Artifacts related to surgeons performance, artifacts related to technicians performance and artifacts caused during transfer of sample to the laboratory. Then, the frequency distribution for each type of artifact was calculated. Results A total of 280 slides were included in the present study. Artifacts related to technicians performance were seen in 89.3% slides whereas artifacts related to surgeons performance were seen in 76.4% slides. None of the slides showed artifacts related to transfer of sample to the laboratory. The most common artifact seen was eosin leaching (63.6%) followed by stain deposit (60%) and folds and wrinkles (40.7%). Conclusions The findings of our study showed that various types of artifacts may be incorporated in biopsy specimen that create difficulty in diagnosing the lesion properly. Proper biopsy protocol and careful handling of sample to prevent technical errors may be helpful to reduce the frequency of artifacts.
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Krippendorff, Klaus. "An Exploration of Artificiality." Artifact 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/art.1.1.17_1.
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Abstract The following explores the artificiality of human artifacts. To talk of artifacts, we must avoid ontologizing. Ontology ignores human participation in its construction and describing artifacts as if their descriptions had nothing to do with it contradicts the idea of their artificiality. Instead, I will explore the nature of artifacts from the perspective of human-centered design and with culture-sensitive conceptions in mind. Exploring artifacts from this perspective offers scholars and practitioners a fascinating field of inquiry. To follow are six closely connected mini essays on artifacts, starting with the use of the word ‘‘artifact’’ and ending with the virtual worlds that artifacts can bring forth.
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Gherdjikov, Serghey. "Artifacts 1. Definition." Filosofiya-Philosophy 30, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/phil2021-02-05.
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In this paper I present a definition of artifact based on cases of philosophical and scientifical use: anthropogenic abiotic virtual or real object with meaning and/or function. This definition is proposed in a new dimension: real–virtual, which purports to replace the classical opposition material–ideal as a better way of defining what an artifact is. I consider as virtual here not only digital simulations, but all sign forms. I show that my definition works better in explaining artifacts. I follow empirical science as a technique of studying artifacts, and subscribe to the anthropological paradigm.
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Heumüller, Robert, Sebastian Nielebock, Jacob Krüger, and Frank Ortmeier. "Publish or perish, but do not forget your software artifacts." Empirical Software Engineering 25, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 4585–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09851-6.
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Abstract Open-science initiatives have gained substantial momentum in computer science, and particularly in software-engineering research. A critical aspect of open-science is the public availability of artifacts (e.g., tools), which facilitates the replication, reproduction, extension, and verification of results. While we experienced that many artifacts are not publicly available, we are not aware of empirical evidence supporting this subjective claim. In this article, we report an empirical study on software artifact papers (SAPs) published at the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), in which we investigated whether and how researchers have published their software artifacts, and whether this had scientific impact. Our dataset comprises 789 ICSE research track papers, including 604 SAPs (76.6 %), from the years 2007 to 2017. While showing a positive trend towards artifact availability, our results are still sobering. Even in 2017, only 58.5 % of the papers that stated to have developed a software artifact made that artifact publicly available. As we did find a small, but statistically significant, positive correlation between linking to artifacts in a paper and its scientific impact in terms of citations, we hope to motivate the research community to share more artifacts. With our insights, we aim to support the advancement of open science by discussing our results in the context of existing initiatives and guidelines. In particular, our findings advocate the need for clearly communicating artifacts and the use of non-commercial, persistent archives to provide replication packages.
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Abu-Yaghi, Nakhleh E., Abdelrahman F. Obiedat, Tamara I. AlNawaiseh, Ali M. Hamad, Basil A. Bani Ata, Ahmad A. Quzli, and Saif Aldeen AlRyalat. "Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Adult Subjects: Normative Values, Frequency, and Impact of Artifacts." BioMed Research International 2022 (March 7, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7286252.
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Aim. This cross-sectional study is aimed at identifying normative ocular coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) values in a cohort of healthy adult Jordanian individuals and assessing the prevalence of different image artifacts and their impact on quantitative OCTA measurements. Materials and Methods. One hundred and eighty-one eyes from 100 healthy participants were included in this study. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination including best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, and dilated fundoscopy. Swept-source OCTA images were obtained and analyzed for all 181 eyes. We recorded vascularity measurements and analyzed the prevalence and effect of ten different artifacts on superficial and deep retinal and choriocapillaris layer images. Results. Sixty-two percent of the participants were men ( n = 62 ), and 38% ( n = 38 ) were women. The age of participants ranged between 24 and 75 years (mean 50.5 ± 10.92 ). The mean central macular thickness was 237.71 (±22.905) μm, and the mean choroidal thickness was 257.73 (±77.027) μm. Artifacts were present in 46.4% of the acquired scans. Images with artifacts had higher mean age ( p = 0.03 ), lower image quality ( p < 0.001 ), higher central vascular density ( p < 0.001 ), and lower inferior vascular density ( p < 0.001 ) compared to artifact-free tomographs. Motion artifact was the most common type, which was present in 29 (16%) of images, followed by blink artifact 18 (9.9%), and Z offset 8 (4.4%). Conclusion. OCTA artifact detection and correction remains a challenging aspect of the diagnostic and follow-up process of patients with retinal pathologies. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between OCTA outputs and artifacts in healthy eyes. We report that in this cohort of normal individuals, images with artifacts had a significantly higher central vascular density (22.62 vs. 16.60) and a lower inferior vascular density (46.09 vs. 48.81). We also found that a significant increase in central vascular density is only present in images with Z offset artifact type (49.03). Motion artifact was the most common artifact seen in our series. However, we observed no alteration in quantitative parameters in images with motion artifacts.
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Barrett, H. Clark, Stephen Laurence, and Eric Margolis. "Artifacts and Original Intent: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on the Design Stance." Journal of Cognition and Culture 8, no. 1-2 (2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156770908x289189.
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AbstractHow do people decide what category an artifact belongs to? Previous studies have suggested that adults and, to some degree, children, categorize artifacts in accordance with the design stance, a categorization system which privileges the designer's original intent in making categorization judgments. However, these studies have all been conducted in Western, technologically advanced societies, where artifacts are mass produced. In this study, we examined intuitions about artifact categorization among the Shuar, a hunter-horticulturalist society in the Amazon region of Ecuador. We used a forced-choice method similar to previous studies, but unlike these studies, our scenarios involved artifacts that would be familiar to the Shuar. We also incorporated a community condition to examine the possible effect of community consensus on how artifacts are categorized. The same scenarios were presented to university student participants in the UK. Across populations and conditions, participants tended to categorize artifacts in terms of a creator's intent as opposed to a differing current use. This lends support to the view that the design stance may be a universal feature of human cognition. However, we conclude with some thoughts on the limitations of the present method for studying artifact concepts.
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Grosu, Sergio, Korawan Vijittrakarnrung, Zhen J. Wang, Markus M. Obmann, Yuxin Sun, Mark D. Sugi, and Benjamin M. Yeh. "Reducing Visceral-Motion-Related Artifacts on the Liver with Dual-Energy CT: A Comparison of Four Different CT Scanner Techniques." Diagnostics 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092155.
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Purpose: To assess the influence of different dual-energy CT (DECT) scanner techniques on the severity of visceral-motion-related artifacts on the liver. Methods: Two independent readers retrospectively evaluated visceral-motion-related artifacts on the liver on 120-kVp(-like), monoenergetic low- and high-keV, virtual non-contrast (VNC), and iodine images acquired on a dual-source, twin-beam, fast kV-switching, and dual-layer spectral detector scanner. Quantitative assessment: Depth of artifact extension into the liver, measurements of Hounsfield Units (HU) and iodine concentrations. Qualitative assessment: Five-point Likert scale (1 = none to 5 = severe). Artifact severity between image reconstructions were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests. Results: 615 contrast-enhanced routine clinical DECT scans of the abdomen were evaluated in 458 consecutive patients (mean age: 61 ± 14 years, 331 men). For dual-source and twin-beam scanners, depth of extension of artifacts into the liver was significantly shorter and artifact severity scores significantly lower for 120-kVp-like images compared with the other image reconstructions (p < 0.001, each). For fast kV-switching and spectral detector scanner images, depth of extension of artifacts was significantly shorter and artifact severity scores significantly lower for iodine images (p < 0.001, each). Dual-source 120-kVp-like and spectral detector iodine images reduced artifacts to an extent that no significant difference in HU or iodine concentrations between artifacts (dual-source: 97 HU, spectral detector: 1.9 mg/mL) and unaffected liver parenchyma (dual-source: 108 HU, spectral detector: 2.1 mg/mL) was measurable (dual-source: p = 0.32, spectral detector: p = 0.15). Conclusion: Visceral-motion-related artifacts on the liver can be markedly reduced by viewing 120-kVp-like images for dual-source and twin-beam DECT scanners and iodine images for fast kV-switching and dual-layer spectral detector DECT scanners.
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Korpics, Mark, Paul Johnson, Rakesh Patel, Murat Surucu, Mehee Choi, Bahman Emami, and John C. Roeske. "Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Head and Neck Radiotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 15, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): NP88—NP94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034615618319.
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Purpose: To evaluate a method for reducing metal artifacts, arising from dental fillings, on cone-beam computed tomography images. Materials and Methods: A projection interpolation algorithm is applied to cone-beam computed tomography images containing metal artifacts from dental fillings. This technique involves identifying metal regions in individual cone-beam computed tomography projections and interpolating the surrounding values to remove the metal from the projection data. Axial cone-beam computed tomography images are then reconstructed, resulting in a reduction in the streak artifacts produced by the metal. Both phantom and patient imaging data are used to evaluate this technique. Results: The interpolation substitution technique successfully reduced metal artifacts in all cases. Corrected images had fewer or no streak artifacts compared to their noncorrected counterparts. Quantitatively, regions of interest containing the artifacts showed reduced variance in the corrected images versus the uncorrected images. Average pixel values in regions of interest around the metal object were also closer in value to nonmetal regions after artifact reduction. Artifact correction tended to perform better on patient images with less complex metal objects versus those with multiple large dental fillings. Conclusion: The interpolation substitution is potentially an efficient and effective technique for reducing metal artifacts caused by dental fillings on cone-beam computed tomography image. This technique may be effective in reducing such artifacts in patients with head and neck cancer receiving daily image-guided radiotherapy.
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Son, S., Y. H. Jo, H. I. Gwak, H. S. Cho, and K. C. Shin. "A STUDY ON MULTI-MODELING FOR ARTIFACT RESTORATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-2-2023 (June 26, 2023): 1479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-2-2023-1479-2023.
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Abstract. Restoration is carried out in order to restore damaged antiquities to their original form. Recently, research has been active in obtaining the target three-dimensional (3D) model by optical scanning and X-ray computed tomography (CT), as well as restoring artifacts via modeling. Because the cultural artifacts are restored in a virtual environment without direct contact with the cultural artifacts, secondary damage can be preserved. Furthermore, the restoration results can be used for the physical restoration of cultural artifacts via 3D printing. In this study, multi-digital modeling technology was used to restoration horse-shaped earthenware artifact that still had its missing part. After 3D printing, the restoration part was applied to the artifact. In order to record the shape of the artifact in detail, a high-precision 3D scanner was used to construct the shape of the artifact into a 3D model. Two models were then built as a reference for restoration: The legs of the excavated horse-shaped earthenware are believed to have been bent during burning, but they were reproduced in their entirety for restoration by conducting rigging and keyframe animation. For the restoration of the missing horse body, horse and rider-shaped vessels excavated from the same site were used as references. However, since the decorations on the reference surfaces obscured the horse body, a 3D model of the horse shape was obtained through X-ray CT segmentation modeling. Using the obtained model, the missing 3D horse body was restored. For the hind legs, the leg geometry reconstructed by the rigging was used as a reference. The hollow space inside the artifact and the structures that could be restored were further modeled. The finished model was completed by outputting a mock-up using a material extrusion system 3D printer, conducting a bonding test with actual artifacts, and finally creating the restoration model. Afterward, a photopolymerization system 3D printer is used to output the restoration part, and then it is applied to the artifacts through post-processing. A study for restoration artifacts based on multi-modeling techniques was proposed in this work. In particular, rigging and x-ray CT segmentation modeling were used to restoration the artifacts based on their original form and historical research. As such, multi-modeling techniques are an effective way to not only restore artifacts, but also to build a reference for restoration.
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Grosu, Sergio, Zhen J. Wang, Markus M. Obmann, Mark D. Sugi, Yuxin Sun, and Benjamin M. Yeh. "Reduction of Peristalsis-Related Streak Artifacts on the Liver with Dual-Layer Spectral CT." Diagnostics 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040782.
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Background: Peristalsis-related streak artifacts on the liver compromise image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Purpose: To assess dual-layer spectral-detector computed tomography (CT) image reconstructions for reducing intestinal peristalsis-related streak artifacts on the liver. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 220 contrast-enhanced abdominal dual-energy CT scans in 131 consecutive patients (mean age: 68 ± 10 years, 120 men) who underwent routine clinical dual-layer spectral-detector CT imaging (120 kVp, 40 keV, 200 keV, virtual non-contrast (VNC), iodine images). Two independent readers evaluated bowel peristalsis streak artifacts on the liver qualitatively on a five-point Likert scale (1 = none to 5 = severe) and quantitatively by depth of streak artifact extension into the liver and measurements of Hounsfield Unit and iodine concentration differences from normal liver. Artifact severity between image reconstructions were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests. Results: 12 scans were excluded due to missing spectral data, artifacts on the liver originating from metallic foreign materials, or oral contrast material. Streak artifacts on the liver were seen in 51/208 (25%) scans and involved the left lobe only in 49/51 (96%), the right lobe only in 0/51 (0%), and both lobes in 2/51 (4%) scans. Artifact frequency was lower in iodine than in 120 kVp images (scans 18/208 vs. 51/208, p < 0.001). Artifact severity was less in iodine than in 120 kVp images (median score 1 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Streak artifact extension into the liver was shorter in iodine than 120 kVp images (mean length 2 ± 4 vs. 12 ± 5 mm, p < 0.001). Hounsfield Unit and iodine concentration differed significantly between bright streak artifacts and normal liver in 120 kVp, 40 keV, 200 keV, and VNC images (p < 0.001, each), but not in iodine images (p = 0.23). Conclusion: Intestinal peristalsis-related streak artifacts commonly affect the left liver lobe at CT and can be substantially reduced by viewing iodine dual-energy CT image reconstructions.
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Yan, Jinlin, and Yu Chen. "Artifact Elimination of Eeg Signals Based on Deep Learning: Survey." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 03, no. 12 (2022): 1320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2022.31236.
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Electroencephalogram (EEG) plays an important role in measuring human status and activities. EEG signals come from weak currents and are very vulnerable to artifact pollution, which affects the performance of many EEG tasks. It is crucial to develop methods that can effectively identify and remove artifacts. In the past, researchers have proposed a variety of methods to eliminate artifacts, but there is still no method to achieve the best effect. With the rapid development of deep learning, the new method has made excellent progress in eliminating artifacts. Compared with traditional methods, it is fast and can be automatically processed. This paper explores a new method to eliminate artifacts using deep learning technology. First, it discusses the characteristics and types of artifacts of EEG data, reviews the traditional elimination methods, then introduces the application of new and new methods of deep learning, and introduces the relevant data sets. In the future research, the method of artifact elimination relying on data automation has great potential.
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Mehman oğlu Mürşüdov, Kamran. "Development of methods of elimination of artefacts." NATURE AND SCIENCE 19, no. 4 (April 19, 2022): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/19/20-26.
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Beyin fəaliyyətini və davranışını müəyyən etməkdə elektroensefaloqramma (EEG) mühüm rol oynayır. Bununla belə, qeydə alınan elektrik aktivliyi həmişə artefaktlarla çirklənir və sonra EEG siqnallarının təhlilinə təsir göstərir. Siqnal artefaktları qeyd sistemlərindən EEG məlumatlarının toplanması zamanı çox əhəmiyyətlidir. Bu artefaktlar EEG məlumatlarının keyfiyyətini çirkləndirə bilər. Bu baxımdan, artefaktları və ya səs-küyü effektiv şəkildə aradan qaldırmaq üçün artefakt növləri haqqında hərtərəfli bilik tələb olunur. Artefaktlar əsasən ətraf mühitin səs-küyündən, eksperimental xətadan və fizioloji artefaktlardan yaranan arzuolunmaz siqnallardır. Ensefaloqramma qeydləri zamanı təmiz EEG məlumatlarını effektiv şəkildə aşkar etmək və çıxarmaq üçün metodların işlənməsi vacibdir. Bu günə qədər artefaktların aşkarlanması və EEG siqnallarının aradan qaldırmasına yönəlmiş bir neçə üsul təklif edilmişdir, lakin artefaktın çıxarılması ilə bağlı araşdırmalar aktual problem olaraq qalır. Bu məqalədə EEG məlumatlarının xüsusiyyətləri, müxtəlif artefaktların növləri və onların aradan qaldırılması üçün tədbiq edilən metodlar müzakirə edilmişdir. Daha sonra ən müasir metodların ümumi icmalı və onların ətraflı təhlili təqdim olunmuşdur. Nəhayət, müəyyən bir tətbiqə uyğun olaraq uyğun metodun seçilməsi üçün müqayisəli təhlil aparılıb. Açar sözlər: artefakt, elektroensefaloqramma, fizioloji artefaktlar, artefaktların aradan qaldırılması, artefaktların növləri Kamran Mehman Murshudov Development of methods of elimination of artefacts Abstract Electroencephalogram (EEG) plays an important role in determining brain activity and behavior. However, the recorded electrical activity is always contaminated with artifacts and then affects the analysis of EEG signals. Signal artifacts are very important when collecting EEG data from recording systems. These artifacts can contaminate the quality of EEG data. In this regard, a thorough knowledge of the types of artifacts is required to effectively eliminate artifacts or noise. Artifacts are mainly undesirable signals from environmental noise, experimental error, and physiological artifacts. It is important to develop methods to effectively detect and extract pure EEG data during encephalogram recordings. To date, several methods have been proposed to detect artifacts and eliminate EEG signals, but research on artifact extraction remains a pressing issue. This article discusses the characteristics of EEG data, the types of different artifacts and the methods used to eliminate them. Then a general overview of the most modern methods and their detailed analysis are presented. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed to select the appropriate method for a particular application. Key words: artifact, electroencephalogram, physiological artifacts, artifact removal, types of artifacts
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Stalin, Shalini, Vandana Roy, Prashant Kumar Shukla, Atef Zaguia, Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan, Piyush Kumar Shukla, and Anurag Jain. "A Machine Learning-Based Big EEG Data Artifact Detection and Wavelet-Based Removal: An Empirical Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2942808.
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The electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are a big data which are frequently corrupted by motion artifacts. As human neural diseases, diagnosis and analysis need a robust neurological signal. Consequently, the EEG artifacts’ eradication is a vital step. In this research paper, the primary motion artifact is detected from a single-channel EEG signal using support vector machine (SVM) and preceded with further artifacts’ suppression. The signal features’ abstraction and further detection are done through ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm. Moreover, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) filtering approach is applied for motion artifact removal. Finally, leftover motion artifacts’ unpredictability is removed by applying wavelet transform (WT) algorithm. Finally, results are optimized by using Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm. The results of the assessment confirm that the algorithm recommended is superior to the algorithms currently in use.
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Roy, Vandana, and Shailja Shukla. "A Methodical Healthcare Model to Eliminate Motion Artifacts from Big EEG Data." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 29, no. 4 (October 2017): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2017100105.
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The Big data as Electroencephalography (EEG) can induce by artifacts during acquisition process which will obstruct the features and quality of interest in the signal. The healthcare diagnostic procedures need strong and viable biomedical signals and elimination of artifacts from EEG is important. In this research paper, an improved ensemble approach is proposed for single channel EEG signal motion artifacts removal. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Canonical Correlation Analysis (EEMD-CCA) filter combination are applied to remove artifact effectively and further Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) is applied to remove the randomness and unpredictability due to motion artifacts from EEG signals. This new filter combination technique was tested against currently available artifact removal techniques and results indicate that the proposed algorithm is suitable for use as a supplement to algorithms currently in use.
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Bönhof, Jörg, and Glen McLaughlin. "Artifacts in Sonography – Part 3." Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 39, no. 03 (June 2018): 260–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0594-2196.
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AbstractAs a continuation of parts 1 1 and 2 2, this article discusses artifacts as caused by insufficient temporal resolution, artifacts in color and spectral Doppler sonography, and information regarding artifacts in sonography with contrast agents. There are artifacts that occur in B-mode sonography as well as in Doppler imaging methods and sonography with contrast agents, such as slice thickness artifacts and bow artifacts, shadows, mirroring, and artifacts due to refraction that appear, for example, as double images, because they are based on the same formation mechanisms. In addition, there are artifacts specific to Doppler sonography, such as the twinkling artifact, and method-based motion artifacts, such as aliasing, the ureteric jet, and due to tissue vibration. The artifacts specific to contrast mode include echoes from usually highly reflective structures that are not contrast bubbles (“leakage”). Contrast agent can also change the transmitting signal so that even structures not containing contrast agent are echogenic (“pseudoenhancement”). While artifacts can cause problems regarding differential diagnosis, they can also be useful for determining the diagnosis. Therefore, effective use of sonography requires both profound knowledge and skilled interpretation of artifacts.
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Arazy, Ofer, Aron Lindberg, Mostafa Rezaei, and Michele Samorani. "The Evolutionary Trajectories of Peer-Produced Artifacts: Group Composition, the Trajectories’ Exploration, and the Quality of Artifacts." MIS Quarterly 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 2013–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2020/15379.
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Members of an online community peer-produce digital artifacts by negotiating different perspectives and personal knowledge bases. These negotiations are manifested in the temporal evolution of the peer-produced artifact. In this study, we conceptualize the evolution of a digital artifact as a trajectory in a feature space. Our theoretical frame suggests that, through negotiations, contributors’ actions “pull” the trajectory and shape its movement in the feature space. We hypothesize that the type of contributors that work on a focal article influences the extent to which that article’s trajectory explores alternative positions within that space, and that the trajectory’s exploration is, in turn, associated with the artifact’s quality. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed the trajectories of wiki articles drawn from two peer-production communities, Wikipedia and Wikia, tracking the evolution of 242 paired articles for over a decade during which the articles went through 536,745 revisions. We found that the contributors who are the most likely to increase the trajectory’s exploration are those that (1) return to work on the focal artifact and (2) are unregistered members in the broader online community. Further, our results show that the trajectory’s exploration has a curvilinear association with article quality, indicating that exploration contributes positively to quality, but that the effect is reversed when exploration exceeds a certain level. The insights derived from this study highlight the value of an artifact-centric approach to increasing our understanding of the dynamics underlying peer-production.
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Qian, Xuesheng, Mianjie Wang, Xinyue Wang, Yihang Wang, and Weihui Dai. "Intelligent Method for Real-Time Portable EEG Artifact Annotation in Semiconstrained Environment Based on Computer Vision." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (February 12, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9590411.
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As a convenient device for observing neural activity in the natural environment, portable EEG technology (PEEGT) has an extensive prospect in expanding neuroscience research into natural applications. However, unlike in the laboratory environment, PEEGT is usually applied in a semiconstrained environment, including management and engineering, generating much more artifacts caused by the subjects’ activities. Due to the limitations of existing artifacts annotation, the problem limits PEEGT to take advantage of portability and low-test cost, which is a crucial obstacle for the potential application of PEEGT in the natural environment. This paper proposes an intelligent method to identify two leading antecedent causes of EEG artifacts, participant’s blinks and head movements, and annotate the time segments of artifacts in real time based on computer vision (CV). Furthermore, it changes the original postprocessing mode based on artifact signal recognition to the preprocessing mode based on artifact behavior recognition by the CV method. Through a comparative experiment with three artifacts mark operators and the CV method, we verify the effectiveness of the method, which lays a foundation for accurate artifact removal in real time in the next step. It enlightens us on how to adopt computer technology to conduct large-scale neurotesting in a natural semiconstrained environment outside the laboratory without expensive laboratory equipment or high manual costs.
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Park, Yeon, and Seung-Man Yu. "3D Printing of Tooth Impressions Based on Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Images Combined with Beam Hardening Artifact Reduction in Metal Structures." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073339.
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We investigated the role of metal artifact reduction by taking 3D print impressions using 3D data of Computed Tomography (CT) images based on the algorithm applied. We manufactured a phantom of a human mandible tooth made of gypsum and nickel alloy to measure the metal artifacts. CT images were obtained by changing the phantom tube voltage and tube current. The signal intensity of the image generated by the metal artifacts before and after the iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm (iMAR) was measured. A 3D printing process was performed after converting the images, before and after iMAR application, into STL files using InVesalius version 3.1.1 by selecting the conditions that minimized the effect of the artifact. Regarding metal artifacts, the Hounsfield unit (HU) value showed low as the tube voltage increased. The iMAR-applied images acquired under the same conditions showed a significantly lower HU. The artifacts, in the form of flashes, persisted in the 3D-printed product of the image not subjected to iMAR, but were largely removed in the 3D-printed product following iMAR application. In this study, the application of iMAR and data acquired using high tube voltage eliminated a significant portion of the metal artifacts, resulting in an impression shape that was consistent with the human body.
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Sun, Wei, Peng Li, Yan Liang, Yadong Feng, and Lingxiao Zhao. "Detection of Image Artifacts Using Improved Cascade Region-Based CNN for Quality Assessment of Endoscopic Images." Bioengineering 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2023): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10111288.
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Endoscopy is a commonly used clinical method for gastrointestinal disorders. However, the complexity of the gastrointestinal environment can lead to artifacts. Consequently, the artifacts affect the visual perception of images captured during endoscopic examinations. Existing methods to assess image quality with no reference display limitations: some are artifact-specific, while others are poorly interpretable. This study presents an improved cascade region-based convolutional neural network (CNN) for detecting gastrointestinal artifacts to quantitatively assess the quality of endoscopic images. This method detects eight artifacts in endoscopic images and provides their localization, classification, and confidence scores; these scores represent image quality assessment results. The artifact detection component of this method enhances the feature pyramid structure, incorporates the channel attention mechanism into the feature extraction process, and combines shallow and deep features to improve the utilization of spatial information. The detection results are further used for image quality assessment. Experimental results using white light imaging, narrow-band imaging, and iodine-stained images demonstrate that the proposed artifact detection method achieved the highest average precision (62.4% at a 50% IOU threshold). Compared to the typical networks, the accuracy of this algorithm is improved. Furthermore, three clinicians validated that the proposed image quality assessment method based on the object detection of endoscopy artifacts achieves a correlation coefficient of 60.71%.