Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arteriole'
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Zale, Kathryn. "Utilizing Doppler ultrasound to detect arteriole blood flow within the median nerve sheath." Connect to resource, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/45325.
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Kornfeld, Mark. "Calcium responses in the renal afferent arteriole to angiotensin II and norepinephrine stimulation." Lund : Dept. of Physiology and Neuroscience, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39750494.html.
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Leichtle, Anke. "Molekulare Charakterisierung von einwärtsgleichrichtenden Kaliumkanälen (Kir) in reninsezernierenden Zellen in der afferenten Arteriole der Rattenniere." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12168217.
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Guo, Hong. "Effects of biaxial stretch on arteriolar function in vitro." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1739.
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Gao, Xiang. "Local Purinergic Control of Arteriolar Reactivity in Pancreatic Islets and Renal Glomeruli." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230770.
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Local control of regional blood flow is exerted mainly through the arterioles. An adequate minute-to-minute regulation of blood perfusion of the kidney and the pancreas is obtained by the modulation of arteriolar reactivity, which will influence the organ function. The importance of purinergic signaling in this concept has been addressed, with special emphasis on the role of the adenosine A1 receptor. The effects of adenosine on two specialized vascular beds, namely the renal glomerulus and the pancreatic islets, have been examined. Characteristic for these regional circulations is their very high basal blood flow, but with somewhat different responses to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli. By adapting a unique microperfusion technique it was possible to separately perfuse isolated single mouse arterioles with attached glomeruli or pancreatic islets ex vivo. Microvascular responses were investigated following different additions to the perfusion fluid to directly examine the degree of dilation or constriction of the arterioles. This has been performed on transgenic animals in this thesis, e.g. A1 receptor knockout mice. Also effects of P2Y receptors on islet arterioles were examined in both normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic rats. Furthermore, interference with adenosine transport in glomerular arterioles were examined.. Our studies demonstrate important, yet complex, effects of adenosine and nucleotide signaling on renal and islet microvascular function, which in turn may influence both cardiovascular and metabolic regulations. They highlight the need for further studies of other purinergic receptors in this context, studies that are at currently being investigated.
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Vargel, Michelland Murielle. "Influence de la température sur la vasomotricité artériolaire : du vaisseau isolé au phénomène de Raynaud." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10260.
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Ce travail a pour but de determiner le role du froid dans la survenue du vasospasme rencontre dans le phenomene de raynaud. Le phenomene de raynaud, acrosyndrome decrit en 1862 par m. Raynaud, s'affirme comme le plus frequent des troubles vasomoteurs des extremites. Le froid est toujours decrit comme un des facteurs declenchant du vasospasme. Dans une premiere partie de ce travail, l'influence de la temperature sur la reactivite noradrenergique vasculaire est observee in vitro, sur des arteres isolees de rat et, in vivo, sur des arterioles cutanees dans la chambre cutanee dorsale du hamster. Puis une seconde partie experimentale chez l'homme permet de mesurer avec un laser doppler imageur l'effet du froid sur la microcirculation cutanee digitale dans 3 populations (temoins sains, phenomene de raynaud primaire et phenomene de raynaud secondaire). Puis l'influence des facteurs climatiques sur la frequence et l'intensite du vasopasme dans la population generale sujette au phenomene de raynaud est evaluee par une etude epidemiologique. Sur le modele des vaisseaux isoles, la temperature de 25c induit une reaction opposee pour les vaisseaux profonds et les vaisseaux cutanes. Ce refroidissement n'a pas d'effet mesurable sur le diametre des arterioles dans la chambre cutanee dorsale du hamster. A l'inverse, sur les deux modeles animaux, le froid potentialise la reponse vasculaire lors d'une stimulation noradrenergique. La mesure du flux realisee a partir des cartographies de flux suit un profil de variation identiques dans les trois groupes de personnes etudies. C'est la valeur basale du flux qui differe entre temoins sains et patients. Il ressort une sensibilite particuliere au froid sur l'echantillon de population etudie. Ces resultats suggerent que le froid seul ne suffit pas a expliquer la survenue du vasospasme chez des patients souffrant d'un phenomene de raynaud. Neanmoins, les resultats sur les modeles animaux montrent l'effet amplificateur, peut etre catalyseur, d'un refroidissement sur la reponse vasculaire a une stimulation noradrenergique. Chez des patients atteint d'un phenomene de raynaud, le froid viendrait s'associer a un etat basal perturbe pour amplifier la reponse vasoconstrictrice.
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Li, Yao. "Contributions of TRPM4 and Rho Kinase to Myogenic Tone Development in Cerebral Parenchymal Arterioles." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/464.
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Cerebral parenchymal arterioles (PAs) play a critical role in assuring appropriate blood flow and perfusion pressure within the brain. PAs are unique in contrast to upstream pial arteries, as defined by their critical roles in neurovascular coupling, distinct sensitivities to vasoconstrictors, and enhanced myogenic responsiveness. Dysfunction of these blood vessels is implicated in numerous cardiovascular diseases. However, treatments are limited due to incomplete understanding of the fundamental control mechanisms at this level of the circulation. One of the key elements within most vascular networks, including the cerebral circulation, is the presence of myogenic tone, an intrinsic process whereby resistance arteries constrict and reduce their diameter in response to elevated arterial pressure. This process is centrally involved in the ability of the brain to maintain nearly constant blood flow over a broad range of systemic blood pressures. The overall goal of this dissertation was to investigate the unique mechanisms of myogenic tone regulation in the cerebral microcirculation. To reveal the contributions of various signaling factors in this process, measurements of diameter, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), membrane potential and ion channel activity were performed. Initial work determined that two purinergic G protein-coupled receptors, P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors, play a unique role in mediating pressure-induced vasoconstriction of PAs in a ligand-independent manner. Moreover, a particular transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in the melastatin subfamily, i.e. TRPM4, was also identified as a mediator of PA myogenic responses. Notably, the observations that inhibiting TRPM4 channels substantially reduces P2Y receptor-mediated depolarization and vasoconstriction, and that P2Y receptor ligands markedly activate TRPM4 currents provide definitive evidence that this ion channel functions as an important link between mechano-sensitive P2Y receptor activation and the myogenic response in PAs. Next, the signaling cascades that mediate stretch-induced TRPM4 activation in PA myocytes were explored. Interestingly, these experiments determined that the RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway is involved in this mechanism by facilitating pressure-induced, P2Y receptor-mediated stimulation of TRPM4 channels, leading to subsequent smooth muscle depolarization, [Ca2+]i increase and contraction. Since Rho kinase is generally accepted as a 'Ca2+-sensitization' mediator, the present, contrasting observations point to an underappreciated role of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling in the excitation-contraction mechanisms within the cerebral microcirculation. Overall, this dissertation provides evidence that myogenic regulation of cerebral PAs is mediated by mechano-sensitive P2Y receptors, which initiate the RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway, subsequent TRPM4 channel opening, and concomitant depolarization and contraction of arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Revealing the unique mechanochemical coupling mechanisms in the cerebral microcirculation may lead to development of innovative therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of microvascular pathologies in the brain.
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Leichtle, Anke [Verfasser], and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Quast. "Molekulare Charakterisierung von einwärtsgleichrichtenden Kaliumkanälen (Kir) in reninsezernierenden Zellen in der afferenten Arteriole der Rattenniere / Anke Leichtle ; Betreuer: U. Quast." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1160754276/34.
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Lai, Enyin. "Interaction between Adenosine and Angiotensin II in Renal Afferent Arterioles of Mice." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7702.
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Renal arterioles represent the most important effecter site in the control of renal perfusion and filtration. Adenosine (Ado), angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO) interact in modulating arteriolar tone. The present work investigates the mechanism of this interaction. We tested the hypothesis that AT1 receptor (AT1AR) mediated NO release in isolated perfused afferent arterioles. Further, special attention was given to mechanisms of Ado-Ang II -interactions.
We found (I) that Ang II specifically induces NO release via AT1AR in arterioles. The effect is important in view of high renin and Ang II concentrations in these vessels. (II) Ado modulates the Ang II response by acting on vasoconstrictor A1AR and vasodilator A2AR. Vice versa, Ang II critically enhances the constriction to Ado, which supports the assumption of its modulating action in the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). (III) The synergistic effect of Ang II and Ado on arteriolar contraction is concurrent with an increase in the cytosolic calcium. Further, (IV) Ado increases the calcium sensitivity of the contractile machinery in arteriolar smooth muscle cells most probably by enhancement of the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain regulatory unit. RhoA kinase, protein kinase C and p38 MAP are involved in the Ado effect, which is not receptor mediated and depends on the Ado uptake into vascular cells. Remarkably, the enhancing action of Ado is most likely limited to Ang II; since Ado does not influence endothelin-1 and norepinephrine induced contractions.
These novel results extend our knowledge about the synergistic action of Ang II and Ado in the control of renal filtration. Ado, the key factor in mediation of the TGF, develops a significant vasoconstrictor action only in the presence of Ang II. On the other hand, the Ang II induced vasoconstriction is modulated by Ado via receptor and non-receptor mediated intracellular signaling pathways.
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Brickler, Thomas Read. "The Role of Age and Model Severity on Cortical Vascular Response Following Traumatic Brain Injury." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85566.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing health concern worldwide that affects a broad range of the population. As TBI is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children, several pre-clinical models have been developed using rodents at a variety of different ages; however, key brain maturation events are overlooked that leave some age groups more or less vulnerable to injury. Thus, there has been a large emphasis on producing relevant animal models to elucidate molecular pathways that could be of therapeutic potential to help limit neuronal injury and improve behavioral outcome. TBI involves a host of different biochemical events, including disruption of the cerebral vasculature and breakdown of the blood brain barrier (BBB) that exacerbate secondary injuries. A better of understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying cerebral vascular regulation will aid in establishing more effective treatment strategies aimed at improving cerebral blood flow restoration and preventing further neuronal loss. Our studies reveal an age-at- injury dependence on the Angiopoetin-Tie2 axis, which mediates neuroprotection in a model of juvenile TBI following cortical controlled impact (CCI) that is not seen in adult mice. The protection observed was mediated, in part, by the microvascular response to CCI injury and prompted further detailed analysis of the larger arteriole network across several mouse strains and models of TBI. Our second study revealed both a model and species dependent effect on a specialized network of arteriole vessels, called collaterals after trauma. We demonstrated that a repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI) can induce collateral remodeling in C57BL/6 but not CD1 mice; however, CCI injury had no effect on collateral changes in either strain. Together, these findings demonstrate an age-dependent and species/model dependent effect on vascular remodeling that highlights the importance of individualized therapeutics to TBI.Ph. D.
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Zhao, Jun, and e52677@ems rmit edu au. "The functional study of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in vascular smooth muscle cells." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080617.163746.
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Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a membrane protein which can mediate either Ca2+ entry (reverse mode) or exit (forward mode) in cells. As one of the major Ca2+ transport systems, NCX is postulated to play a critical role in the vascular smooth muscle cell. The aims of the present study are to firstly demonstrate the functional existence of NCX in vascular smooth muscle (including aorta and arteriole); to clarify the modulation of NCX; to explore the selectivity of NCX inhibitor KB-R7943; and lastly to investigate the role of NCX in the myogenic response. KB-R7943 has been widely used as a NCX inhibitor. The study investigated its pharmacological actions in rat aorta on a variety of Ca2+ dependent systems. Rat aortic rings were used. The constriction to low extracellular [Na+] is a functional response mediated by NCX operating in reverse mode. The data demonstrate that 10 µM KB-R7943 inhibited L-type Ca2+ channel, the capacitative Ca2+ entry and adrenergic receptor pathway. Nevertheless, KB-R7943 can be used as a selective inhibitor of NCX at the lower concentration of 1 µM in rat aortic rings. The study investigated whether the endothelium could modulate NCX in rat aortic rings. Lowering extracellular [Na+] to 1.18 mM induced constriction in endothelium denuded rat aortic rings, but only a small constriction in endothelium intact rat aortic rings. In endothelium intact rat aortic rings, the guanylate cyclise inhibitor ODQ (1 µM) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (50 µM) greatly amplified the vasoconstriction to lowering extracellular [Na+], but had no effect when the endothelium was removed. The adenylate cyclise inhibitor SQ 22536 (100 µM) and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 M) showed no significant effect on the low-Na+ induced vasoconstriction in either endothelium denuded or intact aortic rings. The results suggest that endothelium modulated the NCX operation via the nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase, not the adenylate cyclase system; further prostanoids including prostacyclin was not involved. The interaction between nitric oxide and NCX was furt her explored using the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside. Endothelium denuded rat aortic rings were preconstricted to the same extent with either low Na+ (1.18 mM), or the thromboxane A2 agonist U46619 (0.1 µM) or high K+ (80 mM). The vasorelaxation of SNP (30 nM) in low Na+ constriction was significantly larger compared to other agents. This indicates that NO has a special antagonism of low Na+ constriction and a hypothesis is proposed involving Na+/K+ ATPase. The investigation of NCX is mainly conducted in large vessels; much less evidence is available for small resistance vessels. The study investigated the role of NCX on myogenic response in pressurized cremaster muscle arterioles. Reducing extracellular [Na+] resulted in graded vasoconstriction which was inhibited by NCX inhibitor SEA0400 (1 µM). Myogenic vasoconstriction and the concomitant rise in internal [Ca2+] were induced by a transmural pressure increase from 70 to 120 mmHg which was prevented by NCX inhibitor: SEA0400 (1 µM). In conclusion, the present study suggests that NCX contributes to the myogenic response in cremaster arteriole.
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Catherall, Mark. "Modelling the role of nitric oxide in cerebral autoregulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c15a49be-791f-47d5-91a0-f507f5856063.
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Malfunction of the system which regulates the bloodflow in the brain is a major cause of stroke and dementia, costing many lives and many billions of pounds each year in the UK alone. This regulatory system, known as cerebral autoregulation, has been the subject of much experimental and mathematical investigation yet our understanding of it is still quite limited. One area in which our understanding is particularly lacking is that of the role of nitric oxide, understood to be a potent vasodilator. The interactions of nitric oxide with the better understood myogenic response remain un-modelled and poorly understood. In this thesis we present a novel model of the arteriolar control mechanism, comprising a mixture of well-established and new models of individual processes, brought together for the first time. We show that this model is capable of reproducing experimentally observed behaviour very closely and go on to investigate its stability in the context of the vasculature of the whole brain. In conclusion we find that nitric oxide, although it plays a central role in determining equilibrium vessel radius, is unimportant to the dynamics of the system and its responses to variation in arterial blood pressure. We also find that the stability of the system is very sensitive to the dynamics of Ca2+ within the muscle cell, and that self-sustaining Ca2+ waves are not necessary to cause whole-vessel radius oscillations consistent with vasomotion.
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Manrique, Espinoza Zarela Regina. "Evaluación de la relación capa muscular/diámetro arteriolar (CM/DA) de arteriolas pulmonares en crías de alpacas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16243.
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Evalúa el diámetro, la capa muscular y la relación capa muscular/diámetro arteriolar (CM/DA), lo que nos indicará el “comportamiento” de la luz vascular en la etapa postnatal de crías de alpaca. Se utilizaron pulmones de 36 crías de alpaca de 1 a 45 días de edad, distribuidos en 9 grupos etáreos (cada 5 días). Los cortes histológicos de pulmón fueron coloreados con hematoxilina fosfotúngstica de Mallory. El diámetro arteriolar pulmonar mostró un incremento significativo (p<0.05) entre los grupos etáreos 1 y 2 versus 7, 8 y 9; el de grosor de capa muscular no evidenció significancias (p>0.05) entre los grupos; mientras que, los valores de la relación CM/DA muestran significancia (p<0.05) entre los grupos etáreos 1 y 2 versus 6, 7, 8 y 9. Concluyéndose que la relación CM/DA disminuye y el lumen de las arteriolas pulmonares aumenta a medida que la edad de los animales se incrementa, y esto es debido al aumento del diámetro arteriolar pulmonar (p<0.05); más no del grosor del músculo liso, a pesar de su leve disminución (p>0.05)..
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TAILLANDIER, BERNARD. "L'effet accordeon au cours de l'angioplastie transluminale percutanee des coronaires." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF1M026.
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MOINARDEAU, VERONIQUE. "Traitement curatif du vasospasme arteriel cerebral apres hemorragie meningee par l'association remplissage vasculaire, hypertension arterielle moderee et nimodipine i. V." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M308.
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Maestri, Marcelo Krieger. "Hipertensão arterial e lesão em órgão-alvo : avaliação através do estreitamento arteriolar na retina utilizando método microdensitrométrico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7969.
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Palazzi, Rossi Lorenzo. "Studio del contributo del sistema arterioso e del cuore alla variazione della pressione arteriosa durante il normale invecchiamento." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18839/.
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La misura e il controllo dei parametri vitali dei pazienti durante le più svariate situazioni, come visite mediche, interventi chirurgici, o semplici degenze nei vari reparti ospedalieri, sono una componente fondamentale nella tutela, salvaguardia e prevenzione della salute delle persone. I parametri che vengono controllati sono diversi, possono venire monitorati, ad esempio, la frequenza cardiaca, mediante ECG, la frequenza respiratoria, l’ossigenazione del sangue, la temperatura del corpo o la pressione sanguigna. Ed è proprio della pressione sanguigna che questo elaborato si occupa, poiché essa è un indicatore estremamente importante della salute fisica, ma è anche un valido argomento di ricerca, il cui campo non è stato ancora del tutto esplorato. Infatti, l'elaborato di tesi si concentra sulla presentazione e discussione di diversi lavori presentati nel corso degli anni riguardanti i cambiamenti dei valori che la pressione sanguigna assume durante il normale invecchiamento. In particolare, viene presentata lo studio di Maksuti et al. del 2016, nel quale si ipotizza che anche l’attività cardiaca fornisca un significativo contributo a queste variazioni, inducendo diversi rimodellamenti pressori durante la vita. In tale studio, le variazioni della pressione arteriosa vengono quantificate utilizzando il modello Windkessel a quattro elementi per il sistema arterioso ed il modello ad elastanza variabile per il cuore, confrontando i valori forniti da questi modelli con i dati raccolti nel Framingham Heart Study. In conclusione l’elaborato espone i risultati ottenuti da tale ricerca e ne analizza l’utilità in un’ottica futura, ponendo l’accento anche sui metodi, sugli strumenti e su tutte le idee utilizzate con lo scopo di fornire un quadro sufficientemente completo delle ipotesi presentate e delle innovazioni proposte.
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Baeza, Iturrieta Fernando. "Simulación Numérica de Estenosis Arteriales 3D con Modelo Arterial de Dos Capas y Determinación de Condiciones de Borde." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104917.
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Hionis, Veronique C. "The Effects of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers On Mean Arterial Pressure, Arteriolar Diameter, and Nitric Oxide in the Microcirculation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1467.
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In the US today, blood transfusion is safer than ever. Nevertheless, the century-old quest for a suitable blood substitute persists. The elimination of unwanted side effects, especially transfusion-transmitted diseases, the problems and high cost factor involved in collecting and storing human blood, the pending worldwide shortages, and the need for compatibility testing are the driving forces contributing towards the development of blood substitutes. The leading research is focusing on hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), which are limited in clinical application due to the pressor effect they induce. In this study, the mechanisms through which HBOCs affect mean arterial pressure (MAP), arteriolar diameter, and nitric oxide levels in the microcirculation were investigated, using Oxyglobin (HBOC-301), a third generation glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobin. The spinotrapezius muscle of female Sprague-Dawley rats was exteriorized for microcirculatory observations. HBOC in doses of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 μM i.v., LNAME (30 mg/kg, i.v.), and papaverine (100 μM, topically) were given to the rat. Heparinized saline (0.1 ml and 0.5 ml, i.v.) served as control. MAP was monitored continuously through a cannula in the right carotid artery. Images of the feed, arcade and transverse arterioles were captured using a Zeiss Axioplan microscope, equipped with a digital camera, and imaging software. All doses of HBOC produced an overall vasoconstriction of the arterioles leading to an elevated MAP. Following L-NAME pretreatment, HBOC administration alone and with papaverine produced no significant elevation in MAP, indicating that the increase in resistance required basal amounts of nitric oxide (NO). This study concludes that the constriction of the arterioles correlated with the level of hypertension, and that these effects occur in a dose-dependent manner as a consequence of NO scavenging.
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Relan, Devanjali. "Discovery of retinal biomarkers for vascular conditions through advancement of artery-vein detection and fractal analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23612.
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Research into automatic retina image analysis has become increasingly important, not just in ophthalmology but also in other clinical specialities such as cardiology and neurology. In the retina, blood vessels can be directly visualised non-invasively in-vivo, and hence it serves as a "window" to cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. Biomarker research, i.e. investigating associations between the morphology of the retinal vasculature (as a means of revealing microvascular health or disease) and particular conditions affecting the body or brain could play an important role in detecting disease early enough to impact on patient treatment and care. A fundamental requirement of biomarker research is access to large datasets to achieve sufficient power and significance when ascertaining associations between retinal measures and clinical characterisation of disease. Crucially, the vascular changes that appear can affect arteries and veins differently. An essential part of automatic systems for retinal morphology quantification and biomarker extraction is, therefore, a computational method for classifying vessels into arteries and veins. Artery-vein classification enables the efficient extraction of biomarkers such as the Arteriolar to Venular Ratio, which is a well-established predictor of stroke and other cardiovascular events. While structural parameters of the retinal vasculature such as vessels calibre, branching angle, and tortuosity may individually convey some information regarding specific aspects of the health of the retinal vascular network, they do not convey a global summary of the branching pattern and its state or condition. The retinal vascular tree can be considered a fractal structure as it has a branching pattern that exhibits the property of self-similarity. Fractal analysis, therefore, provides an additional means for the quantitative study of changes to the retinal vascular network and may be of use in detecting abnormalities related to retinopathy and systemic diseases. In this thesis, new developments to fully automated retinal vessel classification and fractal analysis were explored in order to extract potential biomarkers. These novel processes were tested and validated on several datasets of retinal images acquired with fundus cameras. The major contributions of this thesis include: 1) developing a fully automated retinal blood vessel classification technique, 2) developing a fractal analysis technique that quantifies regional as well as global branching complexity, 3) validating the methods using multiple datasets, and 4) applying the proposed methods in multiple retinal vasculature analysis studies.
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Pladys, Patrick. "Interet et limites de l'etude de la variabilite physiologique des parametres cardiovasculaires : applications a l'etude du rythme cardiaque, de la repolarisation ventriculaire et de la pression arterielle." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN1B050.
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Sorop, Oana Emilia. "Mechanosensitivity of isolated coronary arterioles." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/74810.
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Rodríguez, Massa Omar Adrián. "Hipertensión arterial." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería, 2007. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/9024.
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Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte e invalidez en el mundo moderno, por lo tanto su prevención resulta un objetivo prioritario, en el que se requiere que se adopte una actitud positiva hacia la misma. A pesar de que en los últimos años se ha avanzado considerablemente en la concientización de la población acerca de los peligros de la elevación de la presión arterial, aún continúa siendo una de las causas prevalentes de morbilidad y mortalidad. El tema de este trabajo de investigación es la hipertensión arterial, pero más específicamente tiene como objetivo conocer qué tipo de información posee la población hipertensa que concurre al Centro de Salud nº 140, del departamento de General Alvear, Mendoza, en octubre de 2006, sobre los factores de riesgo, prevención y las complicaciones de esta patología.Fil: Rodríguez Massa, Omar Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
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Mancuso, Thomas. "Oxygen diffusion within arterioles and venules." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06082009-171201/.
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Tumelty, James Martin. "Calcium imaging in rat retinal arterioles." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486231.
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With the use ofconfocal microscope, the work presented in this thesis has for the first time identified spontaneous Ca2+sparks and Ca2+oscillations in intact retinal arteriole smooth muscle cells. Ca2+sparks may act as building blocks that can summate to interventions that modified ci+ sparks also modified Ca2+oscillations. The mechanisms include, release of Ca2+from ryanodine sensitive stores, the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+influx from the extracellular space. However, the influx of Ca2+is not tightly correlated to spontaneous Ca2+release. The effects of the vasoconstrictor, endothelin-l on subcellular Ca2+signals was examined and was found to evoke Ca2+ oscillations. Further studies showed that endothelin-l' increases the frequency ofCa2+ oscillations by binding to the endothelin-A receptor with the subsequent release ofCa2+ from IP3 sensitive and ryanodine sensitive stores. A further increase in the frequency of Ca2+oscillations is seen with the inhibition ofvoltage gated K+ channels, suggesting these channels act to suppress membrane excitability.
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VOILLET, ROBET CATHERINE. "Hypertension arterielle ethanodependante." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1018.
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Placucci, Elisa. "Ciclo Pressione - Volume del Sistema Arterioso." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16581/.
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L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è quello di presentare le caratteristiche del ciclo pressione – volume del sistema arterioso, ovvero della curva che indica come varia il volume di sangue presente all’interno dell’albero arterioso, in funzione della variazione della pressione all’ingresso del sistema. In seguito a una breve presentazione del sistema cardiocircolatorio e dei principi della fluidodinamica dei condotti sanguigni, si è introdotto il modello Windkessel, ideato nel 1899 da Otto Frank, che costituisce una rappresentazione semplificata della circolazione sistemica. Attraverso lo studio pubblicato nel 2005 da Quick e collaboratori, è possibile caratterizzare il ciclo pressione – volume del sistema arterioso quantificando il volume immagazzinato all’interno dell’albero arterioso in funzione della pressione aortica. Per fare ciò è necessario integrare la portata immagazzinata nell’albero arterioso. Si mostrano quindi i risultati sperimentali ottenuti da Shroff e collaboratori e pubblicati nel 1995. Quest’ultimo studio ha mostrato come il ciclo pressione – volume del sistema arterioso di un mammifero possa essere influenzato dall’iniezione di sostanze in grado di provocare una vasodilatazione o una vasocostrizione. Facendo riferimento agli studi compiuti nel 1998 da Quick e collaborati, sono introdotti i concetti di complianza arteriosa totale e di compliaza arteriosa apparente. La prima viene intesa come il rapporto tra la variazione di volume del sangue e la variazione di pressione, mentre la complianza arteriosa apparente rappresenta la funzione di trasferimento che lega il volume di sangue e la pressione in ingresso nel dominio delle frequenze.
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Procopio, Chiara. "Elastanza arteriosa efficace: relazione con le proprietà della circolazione arteriosa sistemica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19784/.
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L’elaborato ha come obiettivo la trattazione del concetto di elastanza arteriosa efficace applicato alla circolazione sistemica. L’elastanza arteriosa efficace Ea è stata definita in un articolo di Sunagawa e coll. (Circ. Res. 56:586-595,1985) come rapporto tra la pressione aortica di fine sistole e il volume di sangue eiettato in un battito, e calcolata in funzione dei parametri che definiscono il modello Windkessel a tre elementi (con il quale si può rappresentare la circolazione arteriosa sistemica). Viene anche introdotta l’elastanza ventricolare massima Emax, di cui si occupa un articolo di Sagawa (Circ. 63:1223-1227,1981) e che stabilisce una relazione lineare tra pressione e volume del ventricolo sinistro al termine della fase di sistole. Si passa quindi ad analizzare il lavoro svolto da Segers e coll. ed illustrato in un articolo del 2002 (Am J Physiol 282: H1041-H1046,2002); attraverso un modello matematico di interazione cuore-sistema arterioso, si studiano gli effetti dei cambiamenti della resistenza periferica R e della complianza totale arteriosa C entro un range fisiopatologico. Per ogni valore all’interno del range si calcolano i rispettivi Ea, Emax, LVSW (Left Ventricular Stroke Work), e potenza idraulica. Successivamente, tramite una regressione lineare multipla, si ottiene la seguente relazione tra Ea, R/T (dove T è il periodo del ciclo cardiaco) e 1/C: Ea = -0.13 + 1.02 R/T + 0.31/C, la quale mostra come R/T influenzi Ea con un contributo circa tre volte maggiore rispetto alla rigidità arteriosa (1/C). Viene inoltre illustrata la relazione tra Ea / Emax, lo Stroke Work e la massima potenza idraulica del ventricolo sinistro, in base a differenti valori di C.Lo scopo di questo studio è duplice: dimostrare come Ea da sola sia insufficiente per caratterizzare il sistema arterioso e illustrare come la complianza arteriosa totale interferisca nella relazione tra Ea / Emax e LVSW.
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Barakat, Waseem. "Molecular genetic studies of arterial aneurysms and arterial dissection diseases." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440410.
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Woldhuis, Berendje. "Blood platelet rheology in venules and arterioles." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6238.
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Guilford, William Harold. "Mechanical interactions between arterioles and the interstitium." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186366.
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Arterioles are embedded in the extensive connective tissue matrix of the interstitium. Mechanical interactions with the interstitium may affect the length-tension characteristics of arterioles, and thus affect their reactivity. However, no studies have adequately characterized the coupling between arterioles and the interstitium or investigated how the interstitium might change the physiological expression of arterioles. Therefore, the goal of this project was to directly characterize the physical connections between arterioles and the interstitium, both mechanically and morphologically, and then to predict the physiological consequences of these interactions for the arteriole. We measured in situ the mechanical coupling of arterioles to the interstitium, the mechanical properties of the interstitium, and the structure of the interstitium in the hamster cheek pouch. This allowed us to develop a comprehensive model of the mechanical interactions between arterioles and the surrounding connective tissue based on measurements made at the scale of a single arteriole. We demonstrated that there is mechanical coupling between arterioles and the interstitium that is mediated both through direct connections and through the movement of extracellular fluid through the connective tissue network. We also found that the stiffness of the interstitium increases near the arteriole, but does not depend on the direction of measurement. Finally, both the mechanical coupling of arterioles to the interstitium, and the mechanical properties of the interstitium, are explained by the structure of the connective tissue matrix. The arteriole is connected to adjacent fibroblasts and fibrocytes by collagen fibrils. These cells are in turn connected to the fiber matrix of the interstitium. Furthermore, the presence of these cells may explain the heterogeneity in stiffness of the interstitium. We propose a model of interactions between arterioles and the interstitium in which the physiological role of the interstitium is to protect arterioles from stretching and deformation of the tissue while allowing arterioles to freely constrict. The interstitium may also decrease the apparent compliance of the arteriolar wall and limit slightly the constriction of the arteriole. Thus, the in vivo connective tissue environment of arterioles both alters and protects the ability of arterioles to respond to physiological stimuli.
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Matia, Ivan, Peter Fellmer, Katrin Splith, Martin Varga, Milos Adamec, Ines Kämmerer, Linda Feldbrügge, et al. "Immunosuppressive protocol with delayed use of low-dose tacrolimus after aortic transplantation suppresses donor-specific anti-MHC class I and class II antibody production in rats." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-167365.
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Background: Arterial allografts are used as vascular conduits in the treatment of prosthetic graft infection. Immunosuppression
decreases their rupture risk rate. However, immunosuppression can be unprofitable in florid infection. Previously, we confirmed inhibition of cell-mediated destruction of rat aortic grafts by delayed use of tacrolimus. In this work, we studied the influence of this protocol on the antibody-mediated rejection.
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Dal, Moro Janaína da Silva. "Hipertensão arterial sistêmica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/122962.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2013.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 321645.pdf: 456567 bytes, checksum: ac05984c4c4a299574e950eb78d7dbb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
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DEVLOLDERE, BECOT CATHERINE. "Tronc arteriel commun." Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIEM028.
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Carvalho, Vera Lúcia Almeida Brazão de. "Hipertensão arterial felina." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1005.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaNos animais saudáveis a pressão arterial (PA) mantém-se dentro de um determinado intervalo de valores. Uma elevação anormal e persistente acima do limite máximo desse intervalo define-se como hipertensão sistémica, podendo determinar patologia com ou sem expressão clínica. A hipertensão sistémica é dividida em primária (ou essencial) e secundária. Apesar da hipertensão primária (sem causa subjacente) representar mais de 90% de todos os casos de hipertensão sistémica em humanos, a hipertensão secundária, com origem em determinadas doenças, representa praticamente todos os casos de elevação da PA nos animais de companhia. A insuficiência renal crónica (IRC) e o hipertiroidismo são as causas mais comuns de hipertensão felina, o que implica que os principais sintomas em gatos hipertensos sejam a poliúria/polidipsia (PU/PD), perda de peso e alterações no apetite. O aumento da PA pode ser observado nos estadios iniciais do processo de doença, contribuindo para o seu diagnóstico precoce. A medição da PA pode ser efectuada através de métodos directos (invasivos) ou indirectos (não invasivos), com recurso a aparelhos que incorporam um cuff compressivo (método Doppler e método oscilométrico), associados a diferentes níveis de confiança. Apesar do método intra-arterial ser o mais preciso na avaliação da PA, este é tecnicamente difícil e nem sempre se torna prático nos diferentes casos clínicos. A hipertensão tem efeitos adversos para o organismo, afectando sobretudo os órgãos mais vascularizados, nos quais se incluem os olhos (descolamento de retina, cegueira súbita), rins (insuficiência renal), coração (hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, sopros cardíacos, arritmias) e sistema nervoso central (depressão, letargia, convulsões). A normalização da PA e a reversibilidade das lesões orgânicas, quando possível, são os objectivos do tratamento. Este passa pelo controlo da doença primária, mas muitas vezes é necessário efectuar um tratamento adicional com medicação antihipertensiva. A amlodipina, um bloqueador dos canais de cálcio, tem sido bastante eficaz no tratamento da hipertensão felina, e a sua crescente popularidade expandiu o seu uso na área veterinária. A relutância na comunidade veterinária em adoptar a prática da medição da PA é atribuída à incerteza que envolve a definição de hipertensão, bem como a dúvidas acerca de quais os métodos indirectos fiáveis para medição da PA. Actualmente, os veterinários têm a capacidade técnica para medir a pressão sistólica (PS) e a pressão diastólica (PD) de forma não invasiva e com resultados fiáveis. Similarmente, os diversos estudos realizados permitem chegar a um consenso quanto aos valores de PA que determinam a necessidade de tratamento antihipertensivo e quais os melhores protocolos terapêuticos que visam atingir esse objectivo. Estes mais recentes desenvolvimentos justificam que o processo de medição da PA se torne parte integrante dos cuidados veterinários actuais.
ABSTRACT - In healthy animals blood pressure is maintained within a determined range of values. An abnormal and persistent increase above the upper limit of that range is defined as systemic hypertension, which can result in pathology with or without clinical significance. Systemic hypertension is divided into primary (or essential) and secondary hypertension. Although primary hypertension (without an underlying factor) accounts for more than 90% of all cases of hypertension in humans, secondary hypertension, with origin in certain diseases, accounts for almost all identified cases of elevated blood pressure in companion animals. Chronic renal failure and hyperthyroidism are the most common causes of feline hypertension, which implies that frequent symptoms in hypertensive cats may be polyuria/polydipsia, weight loss and alterations in appetite. An increase in the blood pressure can be seen in the early stages of disease process, allowing its early diagnosis. Measurement of the patient’s blood pressure can be done by direct means (invasively) or indirectly (non-invasively) by devices that incorporate a compressive cuff (Doppler and oscillometric techniques), with different confidence levels. Although measurement by an intra-arterial mean provides the most accurate measure of arterial blood pressure, this is technically difficult and is not always practical in clinical cases. Hypertension has adverse effects on the organism, mainly affecting irrigated organs, such as eyes (retinal detachment, acute onset of blindness), kidneys (renal failure), heart (left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic murmur, arrhythmias) and central nervous system (depression, lethargy, seizures). Normalization of blood pressure and reversal of existing end-organ damage, if possible, are the goals to strive for with institution of treatment. It should tempt correction of the underlying cause for the hypertension, but additional treatment with antihypertensive drugs may be necessary. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, does appear to be very effective in decreasing arterial blood pressure in cats, and has gained widespread popularity that expanded its use in the veterinary clinical practice. The reluctance of veterinary community to embrace the practice of blood pressure measurement has been attributable to the uncertainty involving the definition of hypertension, as well as confusion about which indirect blood pressure measurement techniques are accurate. Actually, veterinarians have the technical capabilities to measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure non-invasively and reliably in small animal practice. Similarly, recent studies suggest a consensus about values that determine necessity of antihypertensive treatment and what are the best therapeutical protocols to achieve this goal. These recent events justify that blood pressure measurement should become an integral part of modern veterinary medical care.
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Teixidor, i. Viñas Mireia. "Rol de la inserció profilàctica de catèters balons oclusius percutanis a pacients amb anomalia placentària adherent." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399505.
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Objectiu: La malaltia adherent placentària (MAP) és una causa d’hemorràgia postpart severa, amb una pèrdua sanguínia esperada de 3-5L. Ha estat tractada amb cesària i histerectomia peri- part de forma tradicional. S’exposa la nostra experiència amb la inserció profilàctica de catèters balons oclusius percutanis (CBOP) a ambdues artèries ilíaques internes, amb o sense necessitat d’embolització arterial uterina per tal de preservar l’úter de la pacient. Durant el treball de recerca s’ha desenvolupat un nou protocol de tractament conservador multidisciplinar anomenat Triple P procedure. S’avalua els resultats obtinguts des de la implantació d’aquest protocol, així com la necessitat de intervencions futures a dones amb MAP.
Material i Mètode: Dos articles han estat publicats a la literatura. El primer va ser publicat al Clinical radiology i inclou vint- i- set pacients diagnosticats perinatalment de MAP amb sospita de placenta percreta que varen ser tractades amb CBOP immediatament abans de realitzar un part per cesària. El segon article és un estudi de cohorts publicat al Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology on es compara 19 dones amb MAP tractades amb el Triple-P protocol (Grup estudi) i 11 tractades amb CBOP i part per cesària (Grup Control). El nombre i volum de transfusions sanguínies, pèrdua sanguínia estimada, la necessitat d’embolització arterial uterina (EAU) i/o la necessitat d’histerectomia han estat recopilades a ambdós articles.
Resultats: Placenta percreta va ser confirmada en 19 pacients [sis (54.5%) pacients del Grup Control i 13 (68.4%) del Grup Estudi]. La pèrdua sanguínia mitja estimada va ser menor al Grup Estudi que en el Grup Control (1.70 L vs 2.17 L, respectivament), però la diferència no va ser estadísticament significativa (P=0.445). El risc d’hemorràgia postpart (HPP) i la necessitat d’histerectomia van disminuir de forma estadísticament significativa en el Grup Estudi (HPP, 54.5% vs 15.8%; P=0.035; histerectomia, 27.3% vs 0.0%; P=0.045). Com a conseqüència, es va observar una disminució estadísticament significativa en l’estada hospitalària de les pacients del Grup estudi (P=0.044).
Conclusió: Els CBOP amb o sense EAU contribueixen a la disminució de la pèrdua sanguínia i del risc d’histerectomia peripart a les pacients amb MAP. La introducció del Triple-P procedure disminueix de forma significativa el risc d’histerectomia, HPP i estada hospitalària a aquestes pacients.Aim: Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is a cause of severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) with expected blood loss of 3-5L. Traditionally, this has been treated by caesarean hysterectomy. We report our experience of prophylactic occlusion balloon catheters (POBC) in both internal iliac arteries before caesarean section, with or without embolisation to preserve the uterus and reduce haemorrhage. During our research we developed a new multidisciplinary conservative protocol of treatment involving POBC and placental non-separation, myometrial excision and reconstruction of the uterine wall called Triple P procedure. We also evaluate patient outcomes and need for further interventions in women with MAP, before and after introduction of the Triple-P procedure. Methods and Materials: Two articles have published in the literature. The first one was publish at Clinical radiology and includes twenty-seven women diagnosed with MAP and with suspected placenta percreta underwent POBCs before caesarean section. The second article is a cohort study published at Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology and compares 19 women with MAP treated with the Triple-P protocol (study group) and 11 treated with POBC and caesarean (control group). The quantity of blood replacement products, estimated blood loss, and necessity for uterine arterial embolization and/or hysterectomy were recorded retrospectively in both articles. Results: Placenta percreta was confirmed in 19 patients [six (54.5%) patients in the control group and 13 (68.4%) in the study group]. Estimated mean blood loss during the procedure was lower in the study group than in the control group (1.70 L vs 2.17 L, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.445). The risks of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and hysterectomy were statistically significantly lower in the study group (PPH, 54.5% vs 15.8%; P=0.035; hysterectomy, 27.3% vs 0.0%; P=0.045). As a consequence, there was a significant decrease in duration of inpatient stay in the study group (P=0.044). Conclusion: POBC with or without UAE, contributes to reduction in blood loss and preservation of the uterus in women with MAP Introduction of the Triple-P procedure conveyed a significantly reduced rate of hysterectomy, PPH and duration of hospital stay in patients with MAP.
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Aaker, Aaron Paul. "Vasomotor responses of rat skeletal muscle arterioles to norepinephrine and adenosine." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012943.
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Höpfl, Bernd. "EDHF initiiert fortgeleitete Gefäßdilatationen in Arteriolen des Skelettmuskels." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-31718.
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Beeks, Kyle A. "Arterial blood pressure estimation using ultrasound technology and transmission line arterial model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121663.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-69).
This thesis describes the application of a transmission line model to arterial measurements in order to derive useful cardiovascular parameters. Non-invasive ultrasound techniques are used to make these measurements, which has several benefits over invasive methods such as arterial catheterization. However, invasive methods are seen as the "gold standard" measurements and therefore the most accurate. Having accurate measurements that can be done non-invasively would be very desirable for cardiologists to determine their patients' risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This work details how to obtain the blood flow and pulse pressure waveforms using ultrasound transducers. Two transducers, one for imaging and one for Doppler, can be used together to derive these waveforms from distension and blood flow velocity measurements. Unfortunately, the only blood pressure waveform that can be obtained is the pulse pressure, which does not contain diastolic information. By decomposing the backward and forward pulse and flow waves and using the transmission line model, the diastolic pressure can be determined and the complete arterial blood pressure waveform can be obtained.
by Kyle A. Beeks.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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BARBA, SERGE. "Masse ventriculaire gauche, pression arterielle de repos et pression arterielle d'effort : correlations chez l'hypertendu." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M290.
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Peres, Daniele. "Elaboration et évaluation d’un programme d’exercice aérobie sur cycloergomètre et de sa récupération immergée chez le patient atteint de polyarthrite rhumatoïde." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE017.
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La polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) est une maladie inflammatoire, auto-immune, chronique et systémique avec la présence d’arthrites et synovites périphériques. Une autre conséquence sévère de la maladie et de ses traitements est la présence d’une rigidité artérielle élevée précoce, par conséquent une haute incidence de problèmes cardiovasculaires pour les sujets atteints. La pratique d'exercices physiques (EP) est reconnue comme une des thérapies non-pharmacologiques les plus efficaces pour lutter contre le risque cardiovasculaire. Cependant la population PR présente un bas niveau de pratique d’activité physique et les programmes d’EP sont rarement proposés dans la prise en charge thérapeutique de ces patients. Pour dépasser cette problématique l’association de la cryothérapie à un programme d’EP adapté semble être une stratégie intéressante. L’objectif de ce travail était de concevoir et de tester un programme d’EP associé à de la cryothérapie adapté aux patients PR afin de lutter contre le risque cardiovasculaire.A partir d’une revue systématique, nous avons montré le caractère lacunaire de la littérature en termes de programme d’EP associé à de la cryothérapie pour des patients PR, le manque de consensus sur les méthodes utilisées aussi bien pour le type d’EP à proposer que pour les méthodes de cryothérapie et les températures employées. Face à cette situation, nous avons proposé plusieurs études préliminaires afin de déterminer les modalités d’exercice et de cryothérapie les plus appropriées pour définir un programme simple, efficace et adapté aux patients PR. Ces travaux ont été réalisés d’une part avec des sujets sains et d’autre part avec des patients PR. Nous avons également entrepris de mieux définir les conditions d’utilisation de la vitesse de propagation de l’onde de pression pour traduire la rigidité artérielle, afin d’utiliser cette dernière comme un marqueur des effets de nos propositions de programme d’EP sur le risque cardiovasculaire. Enfin nous avons tenté d’évaluer quels pouvaient être les freins à la pratique d’EP pour ces patients afin de pouvoir les prendre en compte et les contourner dans la mise en place de nos propositions. Les principaux résultats de nos travaux nous ont permis de définir les caractéristiques d’un programme d’EP associé à de la cryothérapie pour des patients PR afin d’agir sur leur rigidité artérielle.Ce programme, intitulé Prexcrim, a été mise en œuvre avec un groupe de patients atteints de PR. Les premiers résultats que nous avons obtenus confirment la faisabilité de nos propositions et la bonne tolérance des patients. Aucune sortie de l’étude ou effet secondaire a été observé. A ce stade des inclusions et de l’analyse des résultats, il semble que le programme d’EP proposé permette de modifier la rigidité artérielle en particulier des patients qui présentaient une rigidité artérielle élevée au départ. Il n’a pas été observé d’aggravation de la maladie ou du syndrome inflammatoire ce qui semble renforcer l’intérêt de la méthode de cryothérapie proposée. Les inclusions qui se poursuivent permettront sans doute d’affiner ces premières interprétations.En conclusion, notre travail a permis de combler une partie des lacunes constatées dans la littérature en termes de lutte contre le risque cardiovasculaires accru constaté chez les patients PR. Notre approche a permis la réalisation d’un programme simple et facile d’EP associé à de la cryothérapie, dont les premiers résultats répondent aux attentes fixées. Les premières analyses que nous avons réalisées montrent que les principes d’individualisation et de progressivité seront certainement à améliorer pour optimiser les effets du programmeRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, chronic and systemic disease with the presence of arthritis and peripheral synovitis. Another severe consequence of the disease and its treatments is the presence of early high arterial stiffness, hence a high incidence of cardiovascular problems for the subjects with RA. The practice of physical exercises (PE) is recognized as one of the most effective non-pharmacological therapies against the cardiovascular risk. However, the RA population has a low level of physical activity and PE programs are rarely offered in the therapeutic management of these patients. To overcome this problem, the association of cryotherapy to an appropriate PE program seems to be an interesting strategy. The objective of this work was to design and test a PE program associated with cryotherapy adapted to patients with RA in order to fight against the cardiovascular risk.From a systematic review, we have shown the lack of the literature in terms of PE program associated with cryotherapy for patients with RA, the lack of consensus on the methods used for both the type of PE to be proposed and the cryotherapy methods and temperatures employed. Consequently, we have proposed several preliminary studies to determine the most appropriate exercise and cryotherapy modalities for defining a simple, effective and suitable program. These works were carried out firstly in healthy subjects and after in patients with RA. We have also undertaken to better define the used conditions of the pulse wave velocity to interpret arterial stiffness and use it as a marker of effects of our PE program on cardiovascular risk. Finally, we tried to evaluate what could be the obstacles to the practice of PE for these patients, to consider and overcome them in the implementation of our proposals. The main results of our works allowed us to define the characteristics of a PE program associated with cryotherapy for patients with RA to act on their arterial stiffness.This program, entitled Prexcrim, was implemented with a group of patients with RA. The first results confirmed the feasibility of our proposals and the good tolerance of patients. No study output or side effect was observed in the patients. At this stage of inclusion and analysis of the results, it appears that the proposed PE program allows for changes in arterial stiffness, particularly for patients with high arterial stiffness. It was not observed exacerbation of the disease or inflammatory syndrome, which seems to reinforce the interest of the proposed cryotherapy method. The inclusions that continue will undoubtedly refine these first interpretations.In conclusion, our work proposes some responses about the lack in terms of the fight against the increased cardiovascular risk observed in patients with RA. Our approach allowed the realization of a simple and easy PE program associated with cryotherapy. The first results meet our expectations. The first analyzes shown that the principles of individualization and progressivity need to be improved to optimize the effects of the program
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Fonseca, Sandra de Fátima Melo Fagundes. "Viver com hipertensão arterial." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/16217.
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Mestrado, Enfermagem Comunitária, 2013, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de LisboaA Hipertensão Arterial constitui um problema de Saúde Pública, visto ser a doença crónica mais frequente e causadora de grande percentagem de mortalidade e morbilidade na população portuguesa, tornando-se importante identificar e desenvolver estratégias de intervenção nesta área (Direção-Geral de Saúde, 2011). Este projeto teve como objetivo contribuir para a promoção do autocuidado dos profissionais de saúde hipertensos do Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, tendo sido realizado o diagnóstico de situação, através do questionário SF-36 v2, e intervenções, através de ações de promoção da saúde. Todo o tratamento de dados estatísticos foi realizado pela aplicação Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A metodologia utilizada foi o Planeamento em Saúde, que “procura mudanças no comportamento das populações a nível (…) dos seus hábitos de saúde” (Imperatori & Giraldes, 1982, p. 7). A população alvo do projeto corresponde a sessenta profissionais identificados com hipertensão arterial, sendo a amostra constituída por trinta e dois, que autorizaram a sua participação no estudo, e, destes, dezassete participaram nas atividades desenvolvidas. Após a identificação dos problemas, estes foram priorizados segundo o método de priorização por pares. Como problemas prioritários foram identificados os focos da hipertensão e o excesso de peso, bem como os diagnósticos de enfermagem, segundo a taxonomia CIPE versão 2: conhecimento sobre regime dietético não demonstrado; conhecimento sobre regime medicamentoso não demonstrado; excesso de peso atual; regime de exercício físico comprometido; conhecimento sobre regime de exercício físico não demonstrado; capacidade para regime de exercício físico não demonstrado. Nas estratégias de intervenção optou-se pelas sessões de educação para a saúde, sobre as temáticas exercício físico e alimentação saudável. Após a intervenção houve uma evolução positiva nas dimensões relacionadas com a atividade física. O risco cardiovascular e índice de massa corporal diminuíram após a intervenção e houve um aumento da prática de exercício físico, tanto a nível da frequência como do tipo de exercício praticado.
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McGinty, Sean. "Stents and arterial flows." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12396.
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Millasseau, Sandrine. "Arterial pulse wave analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/arterial-pulse-wave-analysis(5002b38b-53de-4c76-af89-db21c08fea68).html.
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Stewart, Andrew David. "Arterial stiffness in hypertension." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419962.
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Saab, Neto Jorge Abi. "Hipertensão arterial na gravidez." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87405.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T19:31:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 206971.pdf: 452795 bytes, checksum: fa4a838fce95c7585f6fed23f6d4894f (MD5)
Introdução: A hipertensão arterial é a mais importante causa de morte materna no estado de Santa Catarina e nos principais centros urbanos de nosso país.
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Silva, Juliana Patrícia Sousa Ferreira. "Utilização da monitorização domiciliária da pressão arterial numa consulta hospitalar de hipertensão : impactos e implicações." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1050.
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Introdução: Apesar do aumento da utilização da monitorização domiciliária da pressão arterial (MDPA) descrito nas últimas décadas e da realização de vários estudos de intervenção que comprovam a sua validade, existe apenas uma quantidade restrita de informação quanto à forma real como profissionais de saúde e utentes têm utilizado esta técnica ou mesmo quanto à prevalência da sua adopção. Neste contexto, torna-se importante compreender e reconhecer os factores com relevância para a realização de MDPA. O principal objectivo deste estudo é analisar de que forma a monitorização domiciliária é utilizada como método de optimização e controlo da pressão arterial (PA), nos utentes de uma consulta especializada de hipertensão.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de uma amostra de doentes da Consulta de Hipertensão e Dislipidemias do Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, no período compreendido entre Janeiro e Março de 2011. Os dados foram recolhidos durante a visita do doente através de um questionário estruturado aplicado presencialmente pelo investigador e num segundo tempo através da consulta de processos clínicos.
Resultados: Dos 139 doentes hipertensos observados no estudo (média de idades 58,53 ± 11,93 anos, 59,7% do sexo feminino, média de valores de PA em medição casual de 138,68/86,00 mmHg), 77 (55,4%) realizavam regularmente MDPA. Os valores de PA obtidos por medição casual (MC) revelaram-se significativamente mais elevados que os obtidos por MDPA, tanto para PA sistólica (139,85 ± 17,41 vs 132,33 ± 12,90 mmHg; p=0,001) como para PA diastólica (84,49 ± 9,73 vs 77,85 ± 7,99 mmHg; p=0,019). A MDPA mostrou estar associada a uma maior taxa de controlo de PA (54,1% vs 41,0%, p=0,004). Os doentes que realizavam MDPA eram mais velhos (61,04 vs 55,4; p=0,005), reformados em maior número (59,7% vs 33,9%; p=0,008), com maior prevalência de doença coronária isquémica (DCI) (11,7% vs 1,6%; p=0,043) e apresentavam mais alterações ecocardiográficas (73,1% vs 53,8%; p=0,029), nomeadamente hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (13,4% vs 1,9%; p=0,041) e disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (70,1% vs 44,2%; p=0,004). Adicionalmente, adoptavam maioritariamente uma alimentação hipossalina (90,0% vs 54,8%; p<0,001), mais rica em vegetais, frutas, lacticínios, com baixo teor de gordura (76,6% vs 46,8%; p<0,001) e realizavam exercício físico de forma regular (40,3% vs 24,2%; p=0,045). Nos doentes com mais de 65 anos, verificou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores de PA obtidos por MDPA e MC, tanto para a PA sistólica (146,50 vs 137,96 mmHg; p=0,034) como para a PA diastólica (83,50 vs 75,77 mmHg; p=0,002).
Discussão: Este estudo demonstra que a MDPA é amplamente utilizada pelos doentes hipertensos acompanhados em ambiente especializado e que esta metodologia está associada a um aumento significativo da proporção de valores controlados da PA. A MDPA mostrou ser adoptada maioritariamente por doentes mais velhos e reformados, com maior número de alterações ecocardiográficas, nomeadamente HVE e disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo e, com maior prevalência de DCI. Estes, na globalidade, adoptavam um estilo de vida mais saudável, quer pelos hábitos nutricionais, quer pela realização de actividade física de forma regular. Uma das consequências clínicas mais importantes da MDPA foi a capacidade de demonstração do efeito de hipertensão de bata branca, especialmente verificado nos idosos.
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PILORGET, CATHERINE. "Sclerodermie et hypertension arterielle pulmonaire." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMM012.
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JOULIE, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Dissection aortique et hypertension arterielle." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31011.
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PRUVOST, ISABELLE. "La compliance arterielle du diabetique." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M111.
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