To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Arteries.
Journal articles on the topic 'Arteries'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Arteries.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bahr Ulloa, Sandra, and Katia Guisado Zamora. "TRIPLICIDAD DE ARTERIAS RENALES DERECHAS CON DUPLICIDAD DE IZQUIERDAS: REPORTE DE CASO. Triplicity of right renal arteries and duplicity of left ones: Case report." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 11, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v11.n1.22011.
Full textAbstract:
Durante la embriogénesis renal, ocurren fenómenos en su desarrollo que, de persistir en el adulto, se describen como variantes anatómicas. La presencia de arterias renales supernumerarias es una de variantes más frecuentes, pero la triplicidad de estas es rara. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reportar un caso de arterias renales supernumerarias derechas e izquierdas. El hallazgo se produjo durante una sesión de disección en los laboratorios docentes de anatomía humana de la universidad. El caso consiste en un bloque anatómico de cadáver femenino del cual se aisló el segmento urogenital. El mismo fue disecado en fresco por el método macroscópico directo y luego conservado en formol por el método de Thiel durante 10 días, para luego ser examinado y fotografiado. El bloque consta de dos riñones, derecho e izquierdo, con sus vasos arteriales y venosos unidos a la arteria aorta abdominal y vena cava inferior respectivamente. Las arterias renales halladas fueron cinco, mostrando una triplicidad de arterias renales derechas con duplicidad de izquierdas. Las arterias renales derechas presentan similar calibre y dos de sus ramas son arterias polares superiores, en el caso de las arterias izquierdas la superior presentó mayor calibre. Asociada a esta variante se encontró la vena renal izquierda en posición posterior a la arteria renal inferior izquierda. Es importante para la práctica médica conocer las posibles variantes vasculares renales que pueden presentarse, para efectuar correctos procedimientos diagnósticos radiológicos, así como las planificaciones preoperatorias adecuadas de intervenciones quirúrgicas. During renal embryogenesis, phenomena occur in its development that, if persist in adult age, will be described as anatomical variant. The presence of supernumerary renal arteries is one of the most frequent variants, but the triplicity of these is rare. The objective of this work is to report a case of right and left supernumerary renal arteries. This finding appeared during a dissection session at the university's laboratory of human anatomy. The report case consists on an anatomical block of a female cadaver from which the urogenital piece was isolated. It was dissected fresh by the direct macroscopic method and then preserved in formaldehyde by the Thiel’s method for 10 days, to be examined and photographed. The block consisted on two kidneys, right and left, with their arterial and venous vessels attached to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava respectively. After the initial examination, five renal arteries were found, including a triplicity of right renal arteries and duplicity of left one. The right renal arteries have a similar caliber, with two branches as superior polar arteries. In regard to the left arteries, the superior artery presented greater caliber. Associated to these variants, left renal vein was in a posterior position in relation to the artery. It is important for medical practice to know the possible renal vascular variants that may occur, to carry out correct radiological diagnostic procedures and to adequately plan preoperative surgical interventions.
2
Gajnitdinova, V. V., A. B. Bakirov, E. Kh Akhmetzyanova, N. F. Berdikaeva, and V. B. Zakirova. "Arterial stiffness of peripheral vasculature in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its association with arterial hypertension." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 6 (December 15, 2013): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1795.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To study the structural and functional state of vascular wall, arterial stiffness of large peripheral arteries (common carotid arteries, renal arteries) in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its association with arterial hypertension. Methods. The study included 67 patients of working age, mainly males, having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Among them, 52 patients had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (defined by GOLD III, 2011), 15 had concomitant arterial hypertension of I and II stage. Structural and functional status of common carotid arteries, renal arteries was assessed by measurement of intima-media thickness, arterial stiffness indexes were calculated. Arterial elasticity indices: arterial compliance, elastic index, Young’s elastic modulus were calculated based on the results of ultrasonography of main arterial wall parameters (diameter, arterial wall thickness) and blood pressure measurement. Results. A decrease in common carotid arteries and renal arteries wall elasticity was revealed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increase of stiffness index in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with arterial hypertension, marking the decreased arterial wall elasticity, was registered both in common carotid arteries and renal arteries. Conclusion. In common carotid arteries vascular wall thickness contribute the most in vascular wall stiffness increase, compared to altered hemodynamics in renal arteries. Development of arterial hypertension in these patients is a predicting factor for further large vessel remodeling associated with hypoxia.
3
Agematsu, Kota, Mitsugi Nagashima, Yoshiharu Nishimura, and Takashi Higaki. "Corridor technique for coronary arteries from a single arterial sinus." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 28, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0218492320937506.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction of the arterial switch operation has improved the surgical outcome of transposition of the great arteries. However, coronary anomalies such as intramural coronary arteries, single coronary artery, or coronary arteries originating from a single arterial sinus have been reported as independent risk factors for early mortality and late morbidity after an arterial switch operation. We performed an arterial switch operation using a unique technique for translocation of the coronary arteries originating from a single left-side arterial sinus, to prevent coronary artery distortion and subsequent coronary malperfusion.
4
Obeid, Hasan, Catherine Fortier, Charles-Antoine Garneau, Mathilde Pare, Pierre Boutouyrie, Rosa Maria Bruno, Hakim Khettab, Rémi Goupil, and Mohsen Agharazii. "Radial-digital pulse wave velocity: a noninvasive method for assessing stiffness of small conduit arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 320, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): H1361—H1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00551.2020.
Full textAbstract:
Aortic stiffness, a cardiovascular risk factor and a marker of arterial aging, is assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) over this arterial segment. The interaction between the stiffness of various arterial segments is important in understanding the behavior of pressure and flow waves along the arterial tree. However, PWV assessment has been limited to large elastic vessels (aorta) or medium-sized arteries (i.e., brachial artery). In this paper, we provide a novel and noninvasive method of assessing the regional stiffness of small conduit arteries using the same piezoelectric sensors used for determination of PWV over large and medium-sized arteries. This development allows for an integrated approach to arterial stiffness from large to medium-sized arteries and now to small conduit arteries in humans.
5
Mizutani, Tohru, Hideaki Kojima, and Yoshimasa Miki. "Arterial dissections of penetrating cerebral arteries causing hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, no. 5 (November 2000): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0859.
Full textAbstract:
Object. For the past 130 years, it has been believed that hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhages are the result of ruptures of microaneurysms or ruptures of arteries that have degenerative changes. The majority of previous investigations have focused on autopsied brain. In this study, the authors attempted to verify the cause of hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhage by using surgical specimens of the penetrating arteries responsible for the hemorrhages.Methods. Between 1997 and 1999, the authors performed pathological studies in surgical specimens of lenticulostriate arteries that had been confirmed during microsurgery to be the cause of hypertension-induced hemorrhage of the putamen. Nineteen lenticulostriate arteries were collected from 12 patients. Fifteen of these arteries were verified as the pathological causes of hemorrhage. They included six arterial dissections, six arterial ruptures with substantial degenerative changes, and three arterial ruptures with few degenerative changes. The pathological findings in the lenticulostriate artery dissections were similar to those of typical arterial dissections in major cerebral arteries.Conclusions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, arterial dissections of lenticulostriate arteries have not been identified as a cause of hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhages. When penetrating arteries are included as causative vessels, cerebral arterial dissections may be much more common than previously thought.
6
Synetos, Andreas, Antonios Karanasos, Stauros Spyropoulos, Maria Gazouli, George Latsios, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Despina Perrea, Dimitrios Tousoulis, and Ioannis A. Chloroyiannis. "Expression of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Human Epicardial and Intramyocardial Coronary Arteries of Male Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Cardiology 139, no. 4 (2018): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486634.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Atherosclerosis is almost absent in intramyocardial coronary arteries, while epicardial coronary arteries may show extensive occlusive disease. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression has been implicated in atherogenesis. We aimed to investigate differences in arterial wall LOX-1 expression between human epicardial and intramyocardial coronary arteries. Methods: Epicardial and intramyocardial total artery wall specimens were obtained from 13 male patients (aged 61.9 ± 10.3 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to 3-vessel coronary artery disease. LOX-1 expression was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: LOX-1 expression was significantly higher in the arterial wall of epicardial coronary arteries compared to intramyocardial coronary arteries. The LOX-1/GAPDH ratio was 0.48 ± 0.07 vs. 0.35 ± 0.03 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings may partially explain the atheroprotective effect of the intramyocardial course since arterial wall LOX-1 expression was lower in intramyocardial arteries and higher in epicardial coronary arteries.
7
Bia, Daniel, Yanina Zócalo, Sandra Wray, and Edmundo I. Cabrera-Fischer. "Comparative in Vivo Analysis of the Role of the Adventitia and the Endothelium on Arterial Mechanical Function: Relevance for Aortic Counterpulsation." International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000585.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The comparative effect of the intimal and adventitial layers on arterial biomechanics control, in basal and altered conditions, remains to be elucidated. This study aimed ( 1 ) to characterize the arterial conduit (CF) and buffering (distensibility) function of the iliac arteries in in vivo animals, in which the intimal and adventitial layers were removed; ( 2 ) to determine the effects of intra-aortic ballon pumping (IABP) on simultaneously de-adventitialized (DA) and de-endothelialized (DE) iliac arteries before and after induced heart failure. Methods Pressure and diameter signals were measured in the iliac arteries of sheep (n = 7) in which the adventitial and intima layer were removed. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assistance was used in a control state and after heart failure induction. Results Both DE and DA determined significant changes in arterial diameter, distensibility and CF. Changes were higher after DA than after DE in terms of distensibility and CF (p<0.05). DA followed by DE (DA + DE) showed significant increases in arterial diameter and CF, accompanied by a decrease in distensibility (p<0.05) with respect to intact arteries. Heart failure induction caused significant hemodynamic changes without modifying the already impaired local biomechanical parameters. Nonsignificant improvements in the biomechanical parameters of DA+ DE iliac arteries were observed during IABP before and after heart failure induction. Conclusions Biomechanical changes caused by DA of iliac arteries were more important than those observed after DE. The DA + DE arteries showed significant differences with respect to intact arteries and with DA or DE arteries. IABP-related effects on arterial mechanics were absent in DA+ DE arteries.
8
Yen Ho, Siew, Gualtiero Catani, and Jeong-Wook Seo. "Arterial supply to the lungs in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis." Cardiology in the Young 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100000603.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe arterial supply to the lungs in cases with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis is mostly via the arterial duct or else by collateral arteries arising directly or indirectly from the aorta. Nine anatomical specimens with collateral arteries were studied by blunt dissection to determine the arterial supply to each pulmonary segment. The precise supply varied from case to case but, overall, nearly two-thirds of the pulmonary segments were connected to the central pulmonary arteries. A quarter were supplied exclusively by systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries, with the remainder having a dual supply. Coexistence of ductal connections and systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries was seen in one case. Anastomoses between vessels of different origins were observed up to the segmental level in eight of the nine cases. In four cases, the anastomoses formed arterial rings. The extent of pulmonary parenchyma supplied by arteries from different sources and the presence of arterial anastomoses in these malformations have implications on the planning of surgical repair.
9
Lim, Kenneth, Guerman Molostvov, Maria Lubczanska, Simon Fletcher, Rosemary Bland, Thomas F. Hiemstra, and Daniel Zehnder. "Impaired arterial vitamin D signaling occurs in the development of vascular calcification." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): e0241976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241976.
Full textAbstract:
Conflicting data exists as to whether vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRa) are protective of arterial calcification. Confounding this, is the inherent physiological differences between human and animal experimental models and our current fragmented understanding of arterial vitamin D metabolism, their alterations in disease states and responses to VDRa’s. Herein, the study aims to address these problems by leveraging frontiers in human arterial organ culture models. Human arteries were collected from a total of 24 patients (healthy controls, n = 12; end-stage CKD, n = 12). Cross-sectional and interventional studies were performed using arterial organ cultures treated with normal and calcifying (containing 5mmol/L CaCl2 and 5mmol/L β-glycerophosphate) medium, ex vivo. To assess the role of VDRa therapy, arteries were treated with either calcitriol or paricalcitol. We found that human arteries express a functionally active vitamin D system, including the VDR, 1α-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) components and these were dysregulated in CKD arteries. VDRa therapy increased VDR expression in healthy arteries (p<0.01) but not in CKD arteries. Arterial 1α-OHase (p<0.05) and 24-OHase mRNA and protein expression were modulated differentially in healthy and CKD arteries by VDRa therapy. VDRa exposure suppressed Runx2 and MMP-9 expression in CKD arteries, however only paricalcitol suppressed MMP-2. VDRa exposure did not modulate arterial calcification in all organ culture models. However, VDRa reduced expression of senescence associated β-galactosidase (SAβG) staining in human aortic-smooth muscle cells under calcifying conditions, in vitro. In conclusion, maladaptation of arterial vitamin D signaling components occurs in CKD. VDRa exposure can exert vasculo-protective effects and seems critical for the regulation of arterial health in CKD.
10
BUND, Stuart J. "Spontaneously hypertensive rat resistance artery structure related to myogenic and mechanical properties." Clinical Science 101, no. 4 (September 14, 2001): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1010385.
Full textAbstract:
This investigation related arterial structure to myogenic (pressure-dependent) contractile responses in resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive control rats under pressurized conditions in vitro. Femoral and mesenteric resistance arteries from either strain were cannulated and pressurized in an arteriograph for the determination of pressure-diameter relationships under passive and active conditions in the range 5-200mmHg transmural pressure. Arterial geometrical measurements were made under relaxed conditions at 100mmHg. Media thickness/lumen diameter (M/L) ratios were significantly increased in SHR femoral (5.00±0.44% compared with 3.63±0.34%; P<0.05) and mesenteric (4.40±0.29% compared with 2.62±0.23%; P<0.001) arteries compared with those from WKY rats. Maximum myogenic contractions, assessed as minimum normalized diameters, were not significantly different in SHR and WKY rat femoral (0.41±0.03 and 0.40±0.02 respectively) or mesenteric (0.56±0.02 and 0.63±0.03 respectively) arteries. Arterial mechanical analyses demonstrated that incremental elastic modulus is reduced in SHR mesenteric arteries, but is not significantly different in SHR femoral arteries, compared with those from WKY rats. Additionally, wall stress at estimated in vivo pressures under passive and active conditions are similar in SHR and WKY rat arteries. These data demonstrate that increased M/L ratios in resistance arteries from SHRs are not associated with increased maximum pressure-dependent contractile responses. Increased M/L ratios in resistance arteries from SHRs are not accounted for by increased vessel wall stiffness, but the hypertension-associated arterial geometrical abnormalities act to normalize wall stress in the face of increased arterial pressure.
11
PK, Sunil, Ramesh HC, Vardaraju R, and Chandra Sena. "Single Arterial Trunk Supplying The Myocardium: A Rare Ensemble of Coronary Arteries." Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery 5, no. 4 (2019): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jcms.2454.7123.5419.7.
Full text
12
Gabriel, J., H. H. Scheld, T. D. T. Tjan, N. Osada, and Thomas Krasemann. "Is the function of all cardiac valves after the arterial switch operation influenced by an associated ventricular septal defect?" Cardiology in the Young 21, no. 4 (February 15, 2011): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951111000084.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA ventricular septal defect in transposition of the great arteries is frequently closely related to the cardiac valves. The valvar function after arterial switch operation of patients with transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect or intact ventricular septum was compared. We analysed the function of all cardiac valves in patients who underwent the arterial switch operations pre- and post-operatively, 1 year after the procedure and on follow-up. The study included 92 patients – 64 with transposition of the great arteries/intact ventricular septum and 28 with transposition of the great arteries/ventricular septal defect. The median age at surgery was 5.5 days in transposition of the great arteries/intact ventricular septum (0–73 days) and 7.0 days in transposition of the great arteries/ventricular septal defect (4–41 days). Follow-up was 51.7 months in transposition of the great arteries/intact ventricular septum (3.3–177.3 months) and 55 months in transposition of the great arteries/ventricular septal defect (14.6–164.7 months). Neo-aortic, neo-pulmonary, and mitral valvar function did not differ. Tricuspid regurgitation was more frequent 1 year post-operatively in transposition of the great arteries/ventricular septal defect (n = 4) than in transposition of the great arteries/intact ventricular septum. The prevalence of neo-aortic regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis increased over time, especially in patients with transposition of the great arteries/intact ventricular septum. The presence of a ventricular septal defect in patients undergoing arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries only has a minor bearing for the development of valvar dysfunction on the longer follow-up.
13
Comtois, A., W. Gorczyca, and A. Grassino. "Anatomy of diaphragmatic circulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.1.238.
Full textAbstract:
The diaphragmatic circulation was studied in 48 mongrel dogs weighing 10–35 kg by injecting acrylic coloring into the arteries and veins of the diaphragm. The phrenic arteries and internal mammary arteries were found to anastomose head to head, forming an internal arterial circle around the medial leaflet of the diaphragm tendon. This arterial circle emitted vascular branches that traveled between muscle fibers toward the periphery of the diaphragm. These branches anastomosed with vessels of the intercostal arteries to form costophrenic arcades all along the fibers of the crural and costal diaphragms. The intercostal arteries were anastomosed to one another by small vessels within the muscular diaphragm, thus forming an arterial ring around the insertions of the diaphragm on the ribs. The venous drainage has an anatomic distribution similar to that observed on the arterial side, but with the additional presence of valves that could play a role in directing blood flow.
14
OMOKAWA, S., Y. TANAKA, J. RYU, and VINCENT L. KISH. "The Anatomical Basis for Reverse First to Fifth Dorsal Metacarpal Arterial Flaps." Journal of Hand Surgery 30, no. 1 (February 2005): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.09.006.
Full textAbstract:
This study discusses the anatomical basis for reverse first to fifth dorsal metacarpal arterial flaps. The arterial pattern and size of the first to fifth dorsal metacarpal arteries were examined in 20 fresh cadaver hands. Their connections to the palmar arterial system at the metacarpal head were observed, and the location, number and diameter of skin perforators from each dorsal metacarpal artery were measured. The first to fourth dorsal metacarpal arteries were found in all specimens; the fifth dorsal metacarpal artery was found in 19 of our 20 specimens. The mean diameters of the first to fifth arteries at their bifurcation site were 0.6, 0.8, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.2 mm, respectively. Each artery gave off four to eight skin perforators (diameter: 0.1–0.3 mm) between the metacarpal head and base. The first to third dorsal metacarpal arteries consistently connected to the palmar arterial system, and connections between the fourth and fifth dorsal metacarpal arteries and the palmar system were found in 65% and 40% of specimens.
15
Angelini, Paolo. "Coronary Arteries After Arterial Switch Surgery." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 47, no. 8 (April 2006): 1734–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.01.045.
Full text
16
Yu, Shikai, and Carmel M. McEniery. "Central Versus Peripheral Artery Stiffening and Cardiovascular Risk." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 40, no. 5 (May 2020): 1028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.313128.
Full textAbstract:
The large elastic arteries fulfill an important role in buffering the cyclical changes in blood pressure, which result from intermittent ventricular ejection. With aging and accrual of cardiovascular risk factors, the elastic arteries stiffen, and this process holds a number of deleterious consequences for the cardiovascular system and major organs. Indeed, arterial stiffness is now recognized as an important, independent determinant of cardiovascular disease risk. Additional, important information concerning the mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening has come from longitudinal studies of arterial stiffness. More recently, attention has focused on the role of peripheral, muscular arteries in cardiovascular disease risk prediction and, in particular, the clinical consequences of reversal of the normal gradient of arterial stiffness between central and peripheral arteries, with aging and disease.
17
Vos, Annelotte, Aryan Vink, Remko Kockelkoren, Richard A. P. Takx, Csilla Celeng, Willem P. T. M. Mali, Ivana Isgum, Ronald L. A. W. Bleys, and Pim A. de Jong. "Radiography and Computed Tomography Detection of Intimal and Medial Calcifications in Leg Arteries in Comparison to Histology." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050711.
Full textAbstract:
Calcifications are common in the tunica intima and tunica media of leg arteries. There is growing interest in medial arterial calcifications, as they may be modifiable with treatment. We aimed to investigate radiography and computed tomography (CT) for the detection and characterization of both types of arterial calcification in leg arteries in relation to histology. In a postmortem study we therefore investigated 24 popliteal and 24 tibial arteries. The reference standard was presence of arterial calcification and the dominance of intimal or medial calcification on histology. Radiographs and CT scans were scored for presence of calcification and for dominant intimal or medial pattern based on prespecified criteria (annularity, thickness, continuity). Both radiography and CT detected 87% of histologically proven calcifications but missed mild calcifications in 13%. When only the arteries with detected calcifications were included, a moderate agreement was observed on intimal/medial location of calcifications between histology and radiography (correct in 19/24 arteries (79%); Kappa 0.58) or CT (correct in 33/46 arterial segments (72%); Kappa 0.48). With both modalities there was a slight tendency to classify intimal calcifications as being located in the media and to miss media calcification. Our study demonstrates the potential and limitations of both radiography and CT to detect and classify arterial calcifications in leg arteries.
18
HUGHES, Jennifer M., and Stuart J. BUND. "Influence of experimental reduction of media/lumen ratio on arterial myogenic properties of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar–Kyoto rats." Clinical Science 106, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030225.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, myogenic properties of femoral arteries from control hindlimbs and those distal to external iliac artery partial ligation of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats were assessed. Arterial pressure was reduced distal to the ligature in both strains. Media thickness/lumen diameter (M/L) ratios of control (unligatured) SHRs were greater than in unligatured WKY rats and were reduced in arteries distal to the ligature (ligatured) within each strain. In none of the comparisons was a greater M/L ratio associated with greater maximal myogenic contractions, but increased M/L ratios were associated with a shift of myogenic activity to a higher pressure range in all comparisons. SHR ligatured arteries produced greater pressure-dependent contractile responses than WKY rat unligatured arteries, although arterial structures were not significantly different. Wall stress was similar in all arteries within the 60–120 mmHg pressure range with myogenic tone in spite of large differences in arterial structure. The utilization of arteries with experimentally altered structure provides further evidence that increased M/L ratios are not associated with greater peak pressure-dependent contractile responses and that arterial wall stress is maintained within a narrow range through an interaction between arterial wall geometry and smooth muscle contractile function.
19
Fike, Candice D., Mark R. Kaplowitz, Yongmei Zhang, and Sandra L. Pfister. "Cyclooxygenase-2 and an early stage of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn pigs." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 3 (March 2005): 1111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00810.2004.
Full textAbstract:
Our objective was to determine whether cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-dependent metabolites contribute to the altered pulmonary vascular responses that manifest in piglets with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Piglets were raised in either room air (control) or hypoxia for 3 days. The effect of the COX-2 selective inhibitor NS-398 on responses to arachidonic acid or acetylcholine (ACh) was measured in endothelium-intact and denuded pulmonary arteries (100- to 400-μm diameter). Pulmonary arterial production of the stable metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin was assessed in the presence and absence of NS-398. Dilation to arachidonic acid was greater for intact control than for intact hypoxic arteries, was unchanged by NS-398 in intact arteries of either group, and was augmented by NS-398 in denuded hypoxic arteries. ACh responses, which were dilation in intact control arteries but constriction in intact and denuded hypoxic arteries, were diminished by NS-398 treatment of all arteries. NS-398 reduced prostacyclin production by control pulmonary arteries and reduced thromboxane production by hypoxic pulmonary arteries. COX-2-dependent contracting factors, such as thromboxane, contribute to aberrant pulmonary arterial responses in piglets exposed to 3 days of hypoxia.
20
DATIR, PARAG, AVIONE Y. LEE, SHAWN D. LAMM, and HAI-CHAO HAN. "EFFECTS OF GEOMETRIC VARIATIONS ON THE BUCKLING OF ARTERIES." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 03, no. 02 (June 2011): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825111001044.
Full textAbstract:
Arteries often demonstrate geometric variations such as elliptic and eccentric cross sections, stenosis, and tapering along the longitudinal axis. Effects of these variations on the mechanical stability of the arterial wall have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the buckling behavior of arteries with elliptic, eccentric, stenotic, and tapered cross sections. The arterial wall was modeled as a homogeneous anisotropic nonlinear material. Finite element analysis was used to simulate the buckling process of these arteries under lumen pressure and axial stretch. Our results demonstrated that arteries with an oval cross section buckled in the short axis direction at lower critical pressures as compared to circular arteries. Eccentric cross sections, stenosis, and tapering also decreased the critical pressure. Stenosis led to dramatic pressure variations along the vessel and reduced the buckling pressure. In addition, tapering shifted the buckling deformation profile of the artery towards the distal end. We conclude that geometric variations reduce the critical pressure of arteries and thus make the arteries more prone to mechanical instability than circular cylindrical arteries. These results improve our understanding of the mechanical behavior of arteries.
21
Brudnicki, W. " Morphometric analysis of the brain base arteries in fallow deer (Dama dama)." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 9 (October 6, 2011): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3208-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the course and variation in the brain base arteries in fallow deer. The metrical features of the brain base arteries were determined with an image analysis system. The main sources of blood supply to the brain in fallow deer are internal carotid arteries; vertebral arteries rarely participate in blood supply. The brain base arteries in fallow deer show variation both in their course and in the way of descent of particular vessels. The highest variation was observed in the way of the opening of caudal cerebral arteries. The volume of the arterial circle of brain in fallow deer is similar to the volume of the basilar artery. Considering the correlation between specific parameters, it can be concluded that the volume of the basilar artery is highly correlated with the volume of the posterior part of the arterial circle of the brain, i.e., the volume of the caudal communicating arteries.
22
Koval, Oleksandr. "FETAL ANATOMY OF THE ARTERIES OF THE DORSUM OF THE HAND." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 23, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.23.1.2024.09.
Full textAbstract:
Fetal anatomy of the upper extremity in today’s understanding is a set of morphological methods for studying the structure and topography of the structures of its separate areas in human fetuses from the standpoint of the norm and taking into account the forms of individual anatomical variability. Also, in recent decades, microsurgical anatomy has gained intensive development, in particular the hand, which allows studying the structure and topography of small anatomical structures – blood vessels and nerves, muscle tendons, their layer-by-layer relationship in normal anatomical formation, and pathological deviations depending on the needs of microsurgery.The purpose of the study was to fi nd out the sources of blood supply, topography, and branching areas of the arteries of the back of the hand in human fetuses. The study was conducted on the preparations of 18 human fetuses aged from 4 to 10 months using macromicroscopic preparation, injection of arterial vessels, and morphometry.In human fetuses, the arteries of the back of the hand are arranged in two layers. The surface layer of the arterial vessels of the back of the hand, as a rule, is formed by the radial and anterior interosseous arteries, and (or), less often, by the ulnar or posterior interosseous arteries without the formation of arterial arches or nets. The deep layer of the arteries of the back of the hand mostly forms the back carpal arch and is inseparably connected both with the arteries of the superfi cial layer of the back of the hand and with the palmar arterial arches.The arteries of the deep layer of the back part of the hand are mostly (69.5 % of cases) represented by the back arterial arch: 1) radial-i nterosseous; 2) radial-i nterosseous-ulnar; 3) radial- ulnar; in 25 % of observations – with the posterior carpal arterial network. In 5.5 % of cases, the posterior carpal arch or posterior carpal mesh was absent, and duplication of the deep palmar arterial arch was found. Variability of the sources of formation, the degree of development, and the number of dorsal common digital arteries were revealed in human fetuses.Own dorsal digital arteries, except for the arteries of the thumb, as a rule, reach only the level of the middle phalanx of the fi ngers, and then they become thinner, or end in the periosteum or arterial arch-shaped anastomoses of the fi rst interphalangeal joint, or end in the palmar digital arteries, which provide blood supply to the back surface of the distal parts of the fi ngers of the brush.
23
Brudnicki, W., B. Skoczylas, R. Jablonski, W. Nowicki, A. Brudnicki, K. Kirkillo-Stacewicz, and J. Wach. "The arteries of the brain base in the degu (Octodon degus Molina 1782)." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 7 (September 16, 2014): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7621-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
The brain arteries derived from 50 adult degu individuals of both sexes were injected with synthetic latex introduced with a syringe into the left ventricle of the heart under constant pressure. After fixation in 5% formalin and brain preparation, it was found that the sources of the brain’s supply of blood are vertebral arteries and the basilar artery formed as a result of their anastomosis. The basilar artery gave rise to caudal cerebellar arteries and then divided into two branches which formed the arterial circle of the brain. The internal carotid arteries in degus, except for one case, were heavily reduced and did not play an important role in the blood supply to the brain. The arterial circle of the brain in 48% of the cases was open from the rostral side. Variation was identified in the anatomy and the pattern of the arteries of the base of the brain in the degu which involved an asymmetry of the descent of caudal cerebellar arteries (6.0%), rostral cerebellar arteries (8%) as well as middle cerebral arteries (12%). In 6% of the individuals double middle cerebral arteries were found. In one out of 50 cases there was observed a reduction in the left vertebral artery and the appearance of the internal carotid artery on the same side. In that case the left part of the arterial circle of the brain was supplied with blood by an internal carotid artery, which was present only in that animal.
24
Vucaj-Cirilovic, Viktorija, Olivera Nikolic, Kosta Petrovic, Mira Govorcin, Dusan Hadnadjev, and Sanja Stojanovic. "Basic characteristics of duplexsonographyin the assessment of lower limb arterial circulation." Medical review 59, no. 5-6 (2006): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0606287v.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Dulpex and color duplex ultrasonography of lower limb arteries are valuable non-invasive diagnostic methods in the pathology of vascular diseases and a major step in diagnostics and in follow-up of hemodynamic and morphologic characteristics. Color Duplex Sonography. The method consists of image analysis and analysis of Doppler information. Real-time-B mode is used to visualize the anatomy of blood vessels and other pathological lesions. Doppler information based on the Doppler effect determine the pulse wave i.e. the shape of flow velocity - hemodynamic characteristics. Spectral analysis is the most important element ofDoppler examination of the lower limb peripheral arteries. Based on the spectral analysis, there are four stages of lower limb arterial disease: normal findings - 1%-19% diameter reduction; medium stenosis - artery diameter reduction of 20%-49%; high level stenosis - artery diameter reduction of 50%-100%; occlusion - no flow detected within the imaged arterial segment. In the first place, both iliac arteries are examined, which is followed with femoral, popliteal and crural arteries. The examination of iliac arteries is carried out with a 3.5 MHz transducer, and other peripheral arteries of the lower limbs are examined with a 7,5 or 5 MHz transducer. Conclusion. Color Doppler is an extremely valuable diagnostic method in detecting pathology of the lower limb arteries. With high reliability level arterial insufficiency and pathological arterial segments are diagnosed by a duplex-Doppler. .
25
Geary, Greg G., John N. Buchholz, and William J. Pearce. "Maturation depresses mouse cerebrovascular tone through endothelium-dependent mechanisms." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): R734—R741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00510.2002.
Full textAbstract:
In light of previous observations that the range of arterial pressures over which cerebral blood flow is autoregulated differs dramatically in neonates and adults, the present experiments explored the hypothesis that pressure-induced intrinsic arterial tone is regulated differently in neonatal and adult cerebral arteries. In cannulated and pressurized endothelium-intact mouse cerebral arteries <150 μm in diameter, active intrinsic tone was evident at intraluminal pressures as low as 10 mmHg in neonatal arteries, but only at pressures of 60 mmHg or greater in adult arteries. Administration of 10 μM indomethacin produced no significant effect on tone at any pressure in either neonatal or adult arteries, but subsequent addition of 100 μM nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME) significantly vasoconstricted both neonatal and adult arteries at all pressures. Conversely, administration of 100 μM NAME alone significantly vasoconstricted adult arteries only, and subsequent addition of 10 μM indomethacin produced a significant additional vasoconstriction in adult arteries only, indicating an important interaction between the nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase pathways, at least in adult arteries. In the presence of both indomethacin and NAME, intrinsic tone was significantly greater in neonatal than adult arteries, but when the endothelium was removed, tone was similar in neonatal and adult arteries at all pressures. Together, these results suggest that pressure-induced myogenic tone is regulated similarly in neonatal and adult mouse cerebral arteries but that the contribution of endothelial vasoactive factors to intrinsic tone is highly age dependent.
26
Gandley, R. E., K. C. Griggs, K. P. Conrad, and M. K. McLaughlin. "Intrinsic tone and passive mechanics of isolated renal arteries from virgin and late-pregnant rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): R22—R27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.1.r22.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are alterations in the intrinsic properties of renal interlobar arteries during pregnancy. Renal interlobar arteries (internal diameter approximately 250 microns) from virgin and late-pregnant rats were mounted in a pressurized arteriograph system. Intrinsic tone was quantified as the percent difference in luminal diameter of each artery in the presence of physiological saline solution and while pharmacologically relaxed with papaverine. At pressures between 75 and 125 mmHg, tone was 35-50% less in arteries from pregnant rats (P < 0.05). Endothelial removal reduced tone in arteries from virgin rats but had no effect on arteries from pregnant rats. Analysis of stress-strain curves (rate constants: pregnant, 6.31 +/- 0.38; virgin, 7.81 +/- 0.78; P < 0.05) indicate that there is a decrease in arterial stiffness in gestation. Thus pregnancy is associated with a reduced intrinsic tone, possibly because of a reduction in an endothelial constrictor influence on the vascular smooth muscle in isolated rat renal interlobar arteries. This effect, coupled with the decreased arterial stiffness, demonstrates the significant arterial adaptation occurring during pregnancy.
27
Kerns, William D., Emanuel Arena, Richard A. Macia, Peter J. Bugelski, William D. Matthews, and D. Gwyn Morgan. "Pathogenesis of Arterial Lesions Induced by Dopaminergic Compounds in the Rat." Toxicologic Pathology 17, no. 1_part_2 (January 1989): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262338901700116.
Full textAbstract:
Fenoldopam mesylate (FM), a selective post-junctional dopaminergic (DA1) vasodilator, causes lesions of large caliber splanchnic arteries (100–800 μm) in the rat characterized by necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells and hemorrhage. FM does not induce lesions in other vascular beds of the rat, or in dogs or monkeys. Dopamine, like FM, causes hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber splanchnic arteries in the rat, as well as fibrinoid necrosis of small caliber arteries (<100 μm) of the splanchnic, cerebral, coronary and renal vascular beds. Dopamine is an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor and a dopaminergic receptor agonist. Because these arterial lesions are thought to result from the pharmacologic activity of these 2 compounds, we sought to ascertain the presence of DA1 receptors in mesenteric arteries of the rat and to determine the role of these or other vascular receptor subtypes in lesion induction. We also studied the process of repair after arterial injury caused by FM or dopamine. The presence of DA1 receptors was confirmed in isolated perfused mesenteric arteries by standard pharmacologic techniques; stimulation by FM resulted in vasodilation which was inhibited by the DA1 receptor antagonist SK&F 83566-C. Likewise, SK&F 83566-C prevented the induction of hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber arteries in rats upon infusion of FM or dopamine. In rats co-exposed to the alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) and either FM or dopamine, the incidence and severity of hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber arteries were increased, but PBZ prevented the formation of dopamine-induced fibrinoid lesions in arteries of small caliber. Rats exposed concurrently to dopamine, phenoxybenzamine, and SK&F 83566-C were free of all arterial lesions. Thus, the induction of splanchnic arterial lesions in the rat by dopamine and FM is caused by stimulation of, and interaction between, alpha-adrenoceptors and dopaminergic DA1 receptors. Fibrinoid lesions of small arteries (alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated) were repaired, as observed morphologically by 14 d after exposure to dopamine. Hemorrhagic lesions of large caliber arteries (DA1 receptor-mediated) had undergone significant repair by 28 d after exposure to FM but these arteries possessed a thicker media surrounded by adventitial fibrosis. Thus, morphologically distinct receptor-mediated splanchnic arterial lesions induced by dopaminergic and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists follow a markedly different course of repair. Arterial lesions induced by FM or dopamine by activation of post-junctional dopaminergic DA1 receptors may represent a model of polyarteritis nodosa.
28
Tarhouni, K., M. L. Freidja, A. L. Guihot, E. Vessieres, L. Grimaud, B. Toutain, F. Lenfant, J. F. Arnal, L. Loufrani, and D. Henrion. "Role of estrogens and age in flow-mediated outward remodeling of rat mesenteric resistance arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): H504—H514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00986.2013.
Full textAbstract:
In resistance arteries, a chronic increase in blood flow induces hypertrophic outward remodeling. This flow-mediated remodeling (FMR) is absent in male rats aged 10 mo and more. As FMR depends on estrogens in 3-mo-old female rats, we hypothesized that it might be preserved in 12-mo-old female rats. Blood flow was increased in vivo in mesenteric resistance arteries after ligation of the side arteries in 3- and 12-mo-old male and female rats. After 2 wk, high-flow (HF) and normal-flow (NF) arteries were isolated for in vitro analysis. Arterial diameter and cross-sectional area increased in HF arteries compared with NF arteries in 3-mo-old male and female rats. In 12-mo-old rats, diameter increased only in female rats. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and endothelium-mediated relaxation were higher in HF arteries than in NF arteries in all groups. ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NADPH oxidase subunit expression levels, and arterial contractility to KCl and to phenylephrine were greater in HF vessels than in NF vessels in 12-mo-old male rats only. Ovariectomy in 12-mo-old female rats induced a similar pattern with an increased contractility without diameter increase in HF arteries. Treatment of 12-mo-old male rats and ovariectomized female rats with hydralazine, the antioxidant tempol, or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan restored HF remodeling and normalized arterial contractility in HF vessels. Thus, we found that FMR of resistance arteries remains efficient in 12-mo-old female rats compared with age-matched male rats. A balance between estrogens and vascular contractility might preserve FMR in mature female rats.
29
Lee, Won. "Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection Guided by Doppler Ultrasound." Archives of Plastic Surgery 50, no. 04 (July 2023): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770078.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDoppler ultrasound can be used to detect almost all arteries of the face before injecting the hyaluronic acid (HA) filler. The relatively more dangerous sites of filler injection are the glabellar wrinkle, forehead, temple, nose, and nasolabial fold area, and it is recommended to map the vasculature of these areas by Doppler ultrasound before performing filler injection. The Doppler ultrasound detection method is included as a video. Internal carotid arterial branches, the supratrochlear, supraorbital, and dorsal nasal arteries, and external carotid arterial branches, the superficial temporal and facial arteries, are very important arteries when injecting HA filler; thus, Doppler ultrasound detection is recommended.
30
Bowles, D. K., Q. Hu, M. H. Laughlin, and M. Sturek. "Heterogeneity of L-type calcium current density in coronary smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): H2083—H2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.4.h2083.
Full textAbstract:
Heterogeneity of vascular responses to physiological and pharmacological stimuli has been demonstrated throughout the coronary circulation. Typically, this heterogeneity is based on vessel size. Although the cellular mechanisms for this heterogeneity are unknown, one plausible factor may be heterogeneous distribution of ion channels important in regulation of vascular tone. Because of the importance of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in regulation of vascular tone, we hypothesized that these channels would be unequally distributed throughout the coronary arterial bed. To test this hypothesis, voltage-gated Ca2+current was measured in smooth muscle from conduit arteries (>1.0 mm), small arteries (200–250 μm), and large arterioles (75–125 μm) of miniature swine using whole cell voltage-clamp techniques. With 2 mM Ca2+ or 10 mM Ba2+ as charge carrier, voltage-gated Ca2+ current density was inversely related to arterial diameter, i.e., large arterioles > small arteries > conduit. Peak inward currents (10 mM Ba2+) were increased ∼2.5- and ∼1.5-fold in large arterioles and small arteries, respectively, compared with conduit arteries (−5.58 ± 0.53, −3.54 ± 0.34, and −2.26 ± 0.31 pA/pF, respectively). In physiological Ca2+ (2 mM), small arteries demonstrated increased inward current at membrane potentials within the physiological range for vascular smooth muscle (as negative as −40 mV) compared with conduit arteries. In addition, cells from large arterioles showed a negative shift in the membrane potential for half-maximal activation compared with small and conduit arteries (−13.23 ± 0.88, −6.22 ± 1.35, and −8.62 ± 0.81 mV, respectively; P < 0.05). Voltage characteristics and dihydropyridine sensitivity identified this Ca2+ current as predominantly L-type current in all arterial sizes. We conclude that L-type Ca2+ current density is inversely related to arterial diameter within the coronary arterial vasculature. This heterogeneity of Ca2+ current density may provide, in part, the basis for functional heterogeneity within the coronary circulation.
31
Oliveira, Kleber Mirallia de, Yohana Heloise Mirallia, Daniel Barbosa da Silva, Paulo César Moreira, Gabriel Qualhato, Augusto Cesar Ribeiro Figueiredo, Nilza Nascimento Guimarães, and Júlio Roquete Cardoso. "Morphology of the brain base arteries of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)." Bioscience Journal 39 (March 13, 2023): e39043. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-62743.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to describe the brain base arteries of the Myrmecophaga tridactyla using ten cadavers of adults from this species, including five male and five female specimens. The arterial vascular bed was perfused via the thoracic aorta with a dyed natural latex solution, and the animals were fixed and preserved with a 10% formaldehyde buffered solution. The encephala were removed, and their vessels dissected. Basilar artery formation occurred by anastomosis of the thick ventral spinal artery with vertebral arteries. The basilar artery formed two arterial islands and gave bulbar and pontine branches, and cranial, middle, and caudal cerebellar arteries and ended by forking into its terminal branches, the caudal communicating arteries. The blood supply of the encephalon derived solely from the vertebrobasilar system, and the arterial circle of the brain was closed caudally and rostrally. The absence of participation of internal carotid arteries in encephalon irrigation, the island formations by the basilar artery, and the fusiform shape of the arterial circle of the brain are peculiar characteristics of the vascular anatomy of the brain base of M. tridactyla.
32
Dieguez, G., J. L. Garcia, N. Fernandez, A. L. Garcia-Villalon, L. Monge, and B. Gomez. "Cerebrovascular and coronary effects of endothelin-1 in the goat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): R834—R839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.4.r834.
Full textAbstract:
In vivo and in vitro effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on cerebral and coronary vasculature of goats were examined and compared. In six anesthetized goats intravenous injections of ET-1 (0.1-0.8 nmol) increased arterial pressure, did not change the middle cerebral (MCA) and left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary (LCC) arterial blood flows (electromagnetically measured), and increased cerebral and coronary vascular resistances. In four other anesthetized goats intra-arterial injections of ET-1 (0.01-0.3 nmol) decreased the MCA flow less than the LCC flow (maximal reduction was 20 and 80%, respectively) and only the highest dose increased arterial pressure. In isolated segments from large arteries ET-1 (10(-11) to 10(-7) M) caused concentration-dependent isometric contractions, the concentration causing 50% of the maximal effect and the maximal contraction being lower in cerebral arteries than in coronary arteries. The in vitro reactivity of both arteries was unaffected by endothelium removal or by indomethacin (10(-5) M). Therefore ET-1 produces cerebral and coronary vasoconstriction in vivo and in vitro, probably by acting directly on vascular musculature. Although the sensitivity is higher in isolated cerebral arteries than in coronary arteries, the reactivity in vivo could be lower in the cerebral circulation than in the coronary circulation to this endothelium-derived peptide.
33
Jarajapu, Yagna P. R., and Harm J. Knot. "Relative contribution of Rho kinase and protein kinase C to myogenic tone in rat cerebral arteries in hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 289, no. 5 (November 2005): H1917—H1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01012.2004.
Full textAbstract:
Arterial smooth muscle constriction in response to pressure, i.e., myogenic tone, may involve calcium-dependent and calcium-sensitization mechanisms. Calcium sensitization in vascular smooth muscle is regulated by kinases such as PKC and Rho kinase, and activity of these kinases is known to be altered in cardiovascular disorders. In the present study, we evaluated the relative contribution of PKC and Rho kinase to myogenic tone in cerebral arteries in hypertension. Myogenic tone and arterial wall calcium in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were measured simultaneously, and the effect of PKC and Rho kinase inhibitors on myogenic tone was evaluated. SHR arteries showed significantly greater myogenic tone than WKY arteries. Pressure/wall tension-arterial wall calcium curves showed a hyperbolic relation in WKY rats, but the curves for SHR arteries were parabolic. Myogenic tone was decreased by the Rho kinase inhibitors Y-27632 and HA-1077, with a significantly greater effect in SHR than in WKY arteries. Reduction in myogenic tone produced by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I in WKY and SHR arteries was significantly less than that produced by Rho kinase inhibition. The pressure-dependent increase in myogenic tone was significantly decreased by Y-27632, and the decrease was markedly greater than that produced by bisindolylmaleimide I in SHR arteries. In WKY arteries, the pressure-dependent increase in myogenic tone was decreased to a similar extent by Y-27632 and bisindolylmaleimide I. These results suggest greater myogenic tone with increased calcium sensitization in SHR arteries, largely because of Rho kinase activation, with a minor contribution of PKC activation.
34
Laughlin, M. H., J. S. Pollock, J. F. Amann, M. L. Hollis, C. R. Woodman, and E. M. Price. "Training induces nonuniform increases in eNOS content along the coronary arterial tree." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.501.
Full textAbstract:
Exercise training produces enhanced nitric oxide (NO)-dependent, endothelium-mediated vasodilator responses of porcine coronary arterioles but not conduit coronary arteries. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training increases the amount of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the coronary arterial microcirculation but not in the conduit coronary arteries. Miniature swine were either exercise trained or remained sedentary for 16–20 wk. Exercise-trained pigs exhibited increased skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, exercise tolerance, and heart weight-to-body weight ratios. Content of eNOS protein was determined with immunoblot analysis in conduit coronary arteries (2- to 3-mm ID), small arteries (301- to 1,000-μm ID), resistance arteries (151- to 300-μm ID), and three sizes of coronary arterioles [large (101- to 150-μm ID), intermediate (51- to 100-μm ID), and small (<50-μm ID)]. Immunoblots revealed increased eNOS protein in some sizes of coronary arteries and arterioles but not in others. Content of eNOS was increased by 60–80% in small and large arterioles, resistance arteries, and small arteries; was increased by 10–20% in intermediate-sized arterioles; and was not changed or decreased in conduit arteries. Immunohistochemistry revealed that eNOS was located in the endothelial cells in all sizes of coronary artery. We conclude that exercise training increases eNOS protein expression in a nonuniform manner throughout the coronary arterial tree. Regional differences in shear stress and intraluminal pressures during exercise training bouts may be responsible for the distribution of increased eNOS protein content in the coronary arterial tree.
35
Kostiv, S. Y., I. K. Venger, B. Y. Maslii, B. P. Selskyi, N. I. Tsiupryk, I. V. Faryna, and M. P. Orlov. "FORMATION OF OUTFLOW PATHWAYS IN PATIENTS WITH COMBINED STENOTIC-OCCLUSIVE LESIONS OF THE FEMORAL AND TIBIAL ARTERIAL SEGMENTS." Клінічна та профілактична медицина 4, no. 18 (November 4, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.4(18).2021.06.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study. To prevent the development of postoperative thrombosis of the reconstruction segment after endovascular and hybrid revascularization of the femoral-distal arterial portion in the conditions of stenotic-occlusive process of the tibial arteries by forming functionally capable pathways in the tibial segment.
Materials and methods. The results of treatment 135 patients with atherosclerotic occlusive-stenotic lesions of the infrainguinal arterial segment of the lower extremities were analyzed. According to the severity violation of chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities, grade IIB was detected in 50 (37.04%) patients, grade III - in 63 (46.66%) examinee, grade IV- in 22 (16.30%) examinee. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 61 (45.19%) patients with occlusal-stenotic lesions at the level of the infrainguinal segment, who underwent only endovascular correction of the peripheral arterial portion, the second group consisted of 74 (54.81%) patients with multilevel occlusive-stenotic lesions of the infrainguinal arterial segment which was performed hybrid arterial reconstruction.
Results and discussion. The proposed tactic involves endovascular angioplasty of at least two tibial arteries. During revascularization of 135 patients by endovascular (61 supervision) and hybrid (74 supervision) methods of a femoral-distal arterial blood flow under conditions of arterial sclerotic disease of tibial arteries carried out in 115 (85,18%) patients endovascular dilatation of two arteries.
Thrombosis of the reconstruction segment in the postoperative period was finding in 9 (6.67%) cases: when using endovascular and hybrid revascularization methods, respectively - in 4 (6.56%) and 5 (6.76%) cases. Thrombosis of the reconstruction segment in the early postoperative period in 8 cases developed after endovascular angioplasty of one of the tibial arteries and only in 1 observation after endovascular angioplasty of 2 tibial arteries.
Conclusion. Reconstruction of outflow pathways at the tibial arterial segment with occlusive-stenotic lesions of the infranguinal arterial portion during endovascular and hybrid techniques of revascularization by performing angioplasty of the two tibial arteries of the tibia can provide a positive result of revascularization in the early postoperative period, respectively in 95.08% and 95.95% of cases.
36
Kleppisch, T., B. Winter, and M. T. Nelson. "ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cultured arterial segments." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): H2462—H2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.6.h2462.
Full textAbstract:
Organ cultures of arteries have been used to study growth responses, proliferation, and contractility. However, the function of specific-ion channels in cultured arteries has not been investigated. ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels play an important role in the control of arterial tone. The goal of this study was to determine the functional state of KATP channels in arteries kept in culture. Segments from rabbit mesenteric arteries were cultured in for 2-7 days. To explore the properties of KATP channels, the effects of KATP-channel modulators and other vasoactive substances on isometric force, density, and modulation of KATP currents in single smooth muscle cells isolated from cultured vessels were examined. Isometric contractions were measured with a resistance-vessel myograph. Whole cell KATP currents were recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Membrane capacitance and KATP-current density in single smooth muscle cells from freshly dissected (control) and cultured arteries were not altered. At -60 mV, glibenclamide-sensitive currents in the presence of the K(+)-channel opener pinacidil were -4.7 +/- 1.2, -4.7 +/- 0.6, and -4.6 +/- 0.7 pA/pF for control and 2- and 4-day arteries, respectively. Inhibitory modulation of KATP currents in arterial smooth muscle also remained intact for 4 days in culture; the vasoconstrictor histamine (10 microM) reduced glibenclamide-sensitive currents in the presence of pinacidil by 61.2 +/- 2.8, 42.4 +/- 10.1, and 41.2 +/- 6.1% for control and 2- and 4-day arteries, respectively. Pinacidil relaxed control and cultured arteries (1-7 days) in a dose-dependent manner. Half-maximal effective concentrations of pinacidil were 0.42, 0.24, 0.23, and 0.51 microM for control and 2-, 4-, and 7-day arteries, respectively, whereas maximal relaxations to pinacidil were 62.9, 47.5, 37.5, and 55.7% for control and 2-, 5-, and 7-day arteries, respectively. Histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin constricted cultured arteries, although responses to histamine and norepinephrine diminished by 30-50% after 5 days in culture. The relaxant effect of acetylcholine was not maintained in cultured arteries. Sodium nitroprusside, however, effectively relaxed arteries cultured for 2-7 days. The data indicate that with the culture model described, KATP channels in arterial smooth muscle remained functional and contractile responses in arterial segments were maintained for up to 7 days. These results suggest that this approach can be used to study either long-term regulation of KATP channels or the role of this channel type in growth responses.
37
Hubulava, G. G., K. L. Kozlov, S. S. Mihailov, A. N. Shishkevich, E. Yu Bessonov, L. A. Bobrovskaya, and E. V. Sedova. "Embolisation of the renal arteries in the treatment of nephrogenic arterial hypertension." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12357.
Full textAbstract:
This review article examines the possibilities of surgical treatment of one of the socially significant diseases of modern society - arterial hypertension. The reasons for the development of parenchymal arterial hypertension have been disassembled. The reasons for the development of renovascular hypertension are discussed. Illuminates the pathogenesis of nephrogenic hypertension, statistical data on its prevalence. The issue of embolization of renal arteries in the treatment of nephrogenic arterial hypertension is considered. The forms of nephrogenic arterial hypertension in which the use of embolization is indicated. The etiology and pathogenesis of arterio-venous fistulas of the kidneys are described. Details of the world literature concerning the treatment of arterio-venous fistula and malformations of the kidneys are considered in detail. A review of literature data on materials used in embolisation of renal arteries in patients with arteriovenous fistula and malformations of the kidney is given. The etiology and pathogenesis of arterio-venous malformations of the kidneys are highlighted. The goal of embolization of the renal arteries in the preparation of patients with terminal renal failure and resistant arterial hypertension to kidney transplantation is described. The issue of preoperative preparation of patients before embolization of the renal arteries, the choice of operative access is considered. Methods of embolization of the renal arteries, possible complications and methods of their prevention are described. The data of the world literature concerning application of selective and superselective embolization of renal arteries in patients with parenchymal arterial hypertension are covered. The issue of potential use of renal artery embolization in other forms of nephrogenic arterial hypertension is also highlighted.
38
Lankutis, Kęstutis, Virgilijus Lebetkevičius, Virgilijus Tarutis, Vidmantas Žilinskas, Sigitas Čibiras, Rita Sudikienė, Daina Liekienė, and Vytautas Sirvydis. "Stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicija ir arterijų sukeitimo operacijos: mūsų patirtis." Lietuvos chirurgija 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2007.3.2213.
Full textAbstract:
Kęstutis Lankutis1, Virgilijus Lebetkevičius2, Virgilijus Tarutis2, Vidmantas Žilinskas2, Sigitas Čibiras2, Rita Sudikienė1, Daina Liekienė2, Vytautas Sirvydis21 Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Širdies chirurgijos centras,Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius2 Vilniaus universiteto Širdies chirurgijos centras,Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 VilniusEl paštas: chirurgai@santa.lt Įvadas / tikslas Straipsnyje apžvelgiama mūsų techniškai sunkios arterijų sukeitimo operacijos (Jatene) ir stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicijos vaikams patirtis. Ligoniai ir metodai Retrospektyviai nagrinėjami 48 ligoniai, kuriems mūsų centre buvo atlikta arterijų sukeitimo operacija. Daugeliu atvejų – tai d-transpozicija ir keturiais atvejais buvo dvigubas ištekėjimas iš dešiniojo skilvelio ir transpozicija (Taussig-Bing tipas). Operacijos atliktos naudojant dirbtinę kraujotaką, kartu atlikta anatomiškai radikali ydos korekcija. Rezultatai Nuo 2002 m. sausio mėn. iki 2007 m. kovo mėn. operuoti 27 kūdikiai. Šiuo laikotarpiu, išmokus operacijos technikos, taikyta standartinė operacijos metodika. Operacinis šios grupės mirtingumas 11%. Dažniausia mirties priežastis – miokardo išemija dėl nesėkmingos vainikinių arterijų perkėlimo procedūros, esant nepalankiai anatominei jų padėčiai. Dėl pooperacinių vėlyvųjų komplikacijų stebėti keturi ligoniai, kuriems buvo įvairaus laipsnio plaučių arterijos stenozė. Du ligoniai dėl šios komplikacijos operuoti. Išvados Arterijų sukeitimo operacijos kaip fiziologiškiausios yra pirmo pasirinkimo vaikams, kuriems yra stambiųjų kraujagyslių transpozicija. Pastaraisiais metais pasiekta gana gerų ir priimtinų mirtingumo ir kokybės rodiklių. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: arterijų sukeitimo operacija, Jatene operacija, pagrindinių arterijų transpozicija Our experience in arterial switch operation of the great arteries Kęstutis Lankutis1, Virgilijus Lebetkevičius2, Virgilijus Tarutis2, Vidmantas Žilinskas2, Sigitas Čibiras2, Rita Sudikienė1, Daina Liekienė2, Vytautas Sirvydis21 Cardiac Surgery Centre of Vilnius University Hospital „Santariškių klinikos“,Santariškių str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius2 Cardiac Surgery Centre, Vilnius University, Santariškių str. 2, LT-08661 VilniusE-mail: chirurgai@santa.lt Background / objective A review of our experience in the technically demanding arterial switch operation (Jatene) in transposition of the great arteries in children. Patients and methods 48 children who underwent an arterial switch operation at our Centre were retrospectively reviewed. The underlying pathology was d-transposition of the great arteries and a double outlet right ventricle of Taussig-Bing transposition type in four cases. The operation was performed in cardiopulmonary bypass for anatomically repair of the transposition. Results From January 2002 – March 2007, 27 infants underwent an arterial switch operation. Operative mortality in this period was 11%, in most cases from myocardial ischemia following unsuccessful transfer of a dangerous pattern of coronary arteries. Postoperative morbidity occurred in four patients who presented various degrees of pulmonary stenosis artery. Two patients required reoperation. Conclusions The arterial switch operation is considered to be a procedure of choice for correction of transposition of the great arteries. The operation involves acceptable mortality and morbidity. Key words: arterial switch operation, Jatene operation, transposition of the great arteries
39
Macdonald, R. Loch, M. Christopher Wallace, Walter J. Montanera, and Jennifer A. Glen. "Pathological effects of angioplasty on vasospastic carotid arteries in a rabbit model." Journal of Neurosurgery 83, no. 1 (July 1995): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.1.0111.
Full textAbstract:
✓ To define the pathological effects of angioplasty on vasospastic arteries, 36 rabbits underwent angiography and induction of vasospasm by placement of blood-filled (vasospasm groups) or empty (control group) silastic sheaths around the cervical carotid arteries. Two (Day 2) or 7 days (Day 7) later, angiography was repeated and one carotid artery in each animal was dilated by balloon angioplasty. The rabbits were sacrificed 1 day, 7 days, or 3 to 4 weeks after angioplasty. Significant vasospasm developed after placement of silastic sheaths with blood (mean reductions in diameter 39% ± 6% at Day 2 and 48% ± 5% at Day 7). Arterial narrowing was less apparent in the control groups at Day 2 (24% ± 7%). Angioplasty performed on Day 2 significantly increased arterial diameters of vasospastic arteries (50% ± 7%; p < 0.05) but not those of control arteries (10% ± 6%, p > 0.05). Angioplasty performed on Day 7 increased the arterial diameters by a similar degree (47% ± 13%, not significant). Arteries remained dilated after angioplasty, although there was significant vasospasm 7 days after angioplasty when angioplasty was performed on Day 2. Blinded, semiquantitative histopathological study of the arteries showed that 3 to 4 weeks after angioplasty, there was significant endothelial proliferation and a trend for thinning of the tunica media. There were no significant changes in control arteries subjected to angioplasty. Angioplasty was not associated with significant arterial fibrosis as measured by hydroxyproline content (analysis of variance). The increase in endothelial proliferation and decrease in the thickness of the tunica media suggest that, in the rabbit model, angioplasty damages endothelial and smooth-muscle cells. This may be the basis for the observation that vasospastic arteries do not reconstrict after angioplasty.
40
Darçın, Kamil, Seçil Çetin, Muhammet Ahmet Karakaya, Yılmaz Yenigün, Mehmet Şanser Ateş, and Yavuz Gürkan. "The effect of erector spinae plane block on arterial grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting." Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2023.24089.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This study aims to evaluate the sympathectomy effects of erector spinae plane block on the diameters and cross-sectional areas of the left and right internal mammary arteries and of the radial arteries. Methods: This prospective study included a total of 25 patients (14 males, 11 females; median age: 67 years; range, 23 to 75 years) who underwent erector spinae plane block categorized as the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class III and underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting between June 01, 2020 and March 01, 2021. The effects of erector spinae plane block on the diameters and cross-sectional areas of the left and right internal mammary arteries and radial arteries were assessed using ultrasonography images taken both before and 45 min after the procedure, from the third, fourth, and fifth intercostal spaces for the left and right internal mammary arteries and from 3 cm proximal to the wrist for the radial arteries. Results: The diameters and cross-sectional areas of the left and right internal mammary arteries and radial arteries significantly increased compared to baseline values after the erector spinae plane block (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the pre- and post-procedural heart rate and mean arterial pressure values (p>0.05). Conclusion: The bilateral erector spinae plane block, which was performed at the T5 level, provided vasodilatation of the left and right internal mammary arteries and radial arteries without causing any significant difference in the heart rate and mean arterial pressure. These findings indicate that the sympathetic block produced by the erector spinae plane block may facilitate better surgical conditions by preventing arterial spasms. Thus, bilateral erector spinae plane block may be a promising technique to achieve regional anesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.
41
Bharatia, Rakesh, Shailendra Kumar, Abhishek Jaiswal, and Hariom Jaiswal. "Coronary cardiovascular Disease and the Treatment of Atherosclerosis A REVIEW." International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) 14, no. 2 (May 20, 2023): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijppronline.2023.14212.
Full textAbstract:
Coronary cardiovascular disease could be a disorder of the center sometimes causeby a condition known as induration of the arteries. induration of the arteries is one among the main and most frequent causes of Heart arrest. illness|arteriosclerosis|arterial sclerosis|hardening of the arteries|induration of the arteries|coronary-artery disease} is that the disease that affects the massive arteries and it's the condition during which development of plaque happens within these arteries. This causes the narrowing of arteries. Plaque is created of fatty substances, cholesterin, cellular waste product, metallic element and protein (a natural process material within the blood). medicine studies have exhibited many vital risk factors related to induration of the arteries. induration of the arteries} plaque among the coronary arteries is chargeable for arteria coronaria disease, heart muscle misdemeanour and Acute coronary syndromes. Induration of the arteries will cause serious issues, together with heart failure, stroke, or maybe death. This study in the main discusses the mechanism of development of induration of the arteries within the arteries, their risk issue and also the recent advancements to treat the induration of the arteries
42
Lu, Jun, Jiachun Liu, Lijun Wang, Peng Qi, and Daming Wang. "Bilateral Segmental Agenesis of Carotid and Vertebral Arteries with Rete Mirabile and the Prominent Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries as Compensations." Interventional Neuroradiology 20, no. 1 (January 2014): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15274/inr-2014-10003.
Full textAbstract:
Agenesis of carotid or vertebrobasilar arteries with rete formation is rare. The anterior spinal artery or posterior spinal arteries supplying the posterior circulation with steno-occlusion or agenesis of bilateral vertebral arteries is also uncommon. Here, we describe a very rare case of concomitant segmental agenesis of bilateral carotid and vertebral arteries with collateral compensations from the prominent anterior spinal artery and posterior spinal arteries, as well as some transdural arterial networks which were considered a rete mirabile. We discuss its embryological and anatomic significance.
43
Kryukov, E. V., N. P. Potekhin, A. N. Fursov, and E. G. Zakharova. "Comparative characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension and stenosing atherosclerosis, depending on the localization of the pathologicalprocess in the vascular bed." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25964.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative analysis of the clinical and functional state of patients suffering from arterial hypertension is given, depending on the localization of vascular stenosis of atherosclerotic origin. It is shown that stenosing atherosclerosis often affects men with hypertension. Lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries and renal arteries in patients suffering from arterial hypertension are detected at a younger age than with other localizations. Patients suffering from lesions of the coronary and brachiocephalic arteries are characterized by the presence of concentric left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and hyperlipidemia. In patients suffering from damage to the renal arteries, leg arteries, and multivascular pathology, myocardial hypertrophy is eccentric, in addition, they have atherogenic dyslipidemia and significant signs of renal dysfunction. An excessive decrease in blood pressure at night is most often recorded in people suffering from coronary atherosclerosis, and its excessive increase in patients suffering from damage to the arteries of the legs. Arterial hypertension in patients with stenosing atherosclerosis in most cases is well-mediated, however, with stenosis of the renal arteries and with multivascular lesions, it is less likely to achieve a level of «normal» or «high normal» systolic blood pressure than with damage to other vascular pools. Significant differences in the levels of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all comparison groups indicate a different effect of local hemodynamic disturbances on systemic blood pressure.
44
Madden, J. A., P. A. Keller, R. M. Effros, C. Seavitte, J. S. Choy, and A. D. Hacker. "Responses to pressure and vasoactive agents by isolated pulmonary arteries from monocrotaline-treated rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 1589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.4.1589.
Full textAbstract:
Intralobar and side branch pulmonary arteries removed from rats 7, 14, and 21 days after injection with monocrotaline (MCT) were cannulated and pressurized, and their responses to potassium chloride, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and angiotensin II were measured. Static pressure-diameter curves were also performed, and arterial distensibility was calculated. Arteries from all three MCT-treated groups showed reduced responses to potassium chloride and angiotensin II compared with control arteries (P < 0.05). The norepinephrine response was significantly reduced in arteries from the 14- and 21-day groups (P < 0.05). Dilations in response to acetylcholine were similar in arteries from the control and 7-day groups but were reduced compared with those in control vessels from the 14- and 21-day groups (P < 0.05). Compared with control values, the slopes of the pressure-diameter curves and the arterial distensibility decreased significantly with time after MCT treatment (P < 0.05). Values for arterial distensibilities obtained in the isolated pulmonary arteries support the theory that structural changes that occur as a result of MCT administration contribute to vessel stiffness. The acetylcholine-induced dilation of vessels from MCT-treated rats indicates that endothelium-derived factors are still produced, but diminished vasodilation coupled with decreased distensibilities after MCT suggest that abnormal vascular remodeling rather than a change in agonist sensitivity may be responsible for the reduced responsiveness seen in these arteries.
45
Sabec-Pereira, Dayane Kelly, Fabiano C. Lima, Fabiano R. Melo, Fabiana Cristina S. A. Melo, Kleber Fernando Pereira, and Valcinir Aloisio S. Vulcani. "Vascularization of the Alouatta belzebul brain base." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40, no. 4 (April 2020): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6536.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: We studied the arterial circle in the brain of five specimens of the Alouatta belzebul primate. The material had the arterial system perfused (water at 40°C), injected with stained latex (Neoprene 650), fixed in aqueous formaldehyde solution (10%) and dissected for vessel verification. The arterial circle of this primate is composed of two vascular systems: the vertebra-basilar and the carotid ones, which anastomose to close the arterial circuit. In the caudal portion of the arterial circle, there are the vertebral arteries and their branches: the rostral spinal artery and the caudal inferior cerebellar artery. The anastomosis of the vertebral arteries gives rise to the basilar artery. It presented an anatomical variation at the beginning of its path, forming a double basilar artery, called arterial island. In its course, it emitted branches giving rise to the rostral inferior cerebellar artery, the pontine arteries, the rostral cerebellar arteries, the satellite rostral cerebellar arteries and its terminal branch, the caudal cerebral artery, which presented itself in two segments: the pre-communicating one and post-communicating, joining the internal carotid artery and originating the caudal communicating artery. This group of arteries and anastomoses enclose the caudal portion of the arterial circle. From the right and left internal carotid arteries begins the rostral portion of the arterial circle, which consists of the right and left rostral cerebral arteries and the right and left middle cerebral arteries. The rostral cerebral arteries anastomose into a single trunk, giving rise to the interhemispheric artery, and in A. belzebul and Sapajus libidinosus, the rostral communicating artery is absent. The interhemispheric artery goes to the midbrain region and the corpus callosum knee divides into pericalous artery and callosarginal artery, which will supply the pre and post-central regions of the cerebral hemispheres of this species, as well as other non-human and human primates. It is noted that in the first part of the left rostral cerebral artery, there is a direct inosculation between the recurrent branch of the rostral cerebral artery and left middle cerebral artery to supply the entorhinal region. This fact also occurs in Pongo spp. The middle cerebral artery travels along the lateral sulcus where it emits several superficial branches to irrigate the superior and inferior lateral cortical regions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It is not part of the arterial circle but is the terminal branch of the internal carotid artery. A. belzebul can be considered to depend on two sources of supply to the brain: the vertebra-basilar and carotid systems, contributing to the intervention of veterinarians during clinical and surgical procedures in other primates, as well as the preservation of wild animals.
46
Chang, Stephen KY, Joel WL Lau, and Chee Kong Chui. "Changes in Mechanical, Structural Integrity and Microbiological Properties Following Cryopreservation of Human Cadaveric Iliac Arteries." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 43, no. 10 (October 15, 2014): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v43n10p492.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The study seeks to investigate how the duration of storage of cryopreserved human cadaveric iliac arteries impacts their mechanical, structural and microbiological properties as compared to their fresh sample. Materials and Methods: Iliac arteries were harvested from 12 human cadavers and divided into 2 groups. One group underwent mechanical stress-strain assessment immediately and another was cryopreserved for a pre-determined time-period (range, 29 to 364 days). Mechanical functionality was assessed with a customised clamping mechanism. The arteries’ microbiological properties were studied pre- and post-cryopreservation. The post-thawed arteries were also assessed histologically for structural integrity. Results: Of the 12 pairs, only 7 (58, 119, 150, 252, 300, 332 and 364 days) iliac arteries were included in the final analysis. The other 5 pairs (29, 90, 188, 205 and 270 days) had abundant local calcification and their stress-strain curves could not be characterised. From the curves, pre- and post-cryopreserved arteries had the most similar mechanical properties when stored for 119 days. A trend of increasing relative stiffness with increased duration of storage was noted. The post-thawed arteries demonstrated minimal fragmentation except in atherosclerotic areas. Majority of the arteries were not contaminated by bacterial or fungal infection pre- and post-cryopreservation. Also, 2 arteries (364 and 332 days) which had initial bacterial colonisation showed no bacterial growth on their post-thawed sample. Conclusion: Mechanically, non-atherosclerotic cryopreserved arteries can be a good substitute to their corresponding fresh arterial graft. However, the length of cryopreservation has an effect on the relative stiffness of the pre- and post-cryopreserved arteries. Histological and microbiological findings suggest that cryopreservation have little impact on an artery structural integrity and may possibly have a role in maintaining sterility and sterilising the arteries. Key words: Arterial allograft, Human arteries, Stress-strain curves, Vascular cryopreservation
47
Knot, Harm J., Karen M. Lounsbury, Joseph E. Brayden, and Mark T. Nelson. "Gender differences in coronary artery diameter reflect changes in both endothelial Ca2+ and ecNOS activity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 276, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): H961—H969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.3.h961.
Full textAbstract:
Elevation of nitric oxide (NO) release from the vascular endothelium may contribute to some of the gender-associated differences in coronary artery function. The mechanisms by which gender affects NO release from the endothelium of coronary arteries are not known. In this study, endothelial function was examined in pressurized coronary arteries from female and male rats. Diameter and endothelial cell intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) in intact arteries, as well as enzymatic activity of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) in arterial lysates, was measured. Elevation of intravascular pressure to 60 mmHg constricted coronary arteries from female animals less than coronary arteries from male animals (18% and 31% constriction, respectively). The increased arterial diameter of coronary arteries from females was associated with elevated endothelial [Ca2+]i(female 174 nM, male 90 nM; P < 0.001). Elevation of Ca2+activated ecNOS with a similar slope and half-activation constant (∼160 nM) for both female and male coronary arteries. However, at [Ca2+] > 100 nM, ecNOS activity was significantly higher in coronary arteries from female rats compared with their male equivalents ( P < 0.01). Maximal activity for ecNOS at saturating Ca2+ (300 nM) was 37% higher in coronary arteries from female animals compared with male animals ( P < 0.05). Thus elevated [Ca2+]iin the endothelium of female coronary arteries alone is predicted to increase the production of NO (by nearly 2-fold). This gender difference combined with increased ecNOS activity at a given [Ca2+] in females indicates that tonic NO production should be nearly threefold greater in female coronary arteries compared with male coronary arteries. We conclude that, in the regulation of endothelial Ca2+ and ecNOS, gender differences contribute significantly to the overall decrease in myogenic tone observed in coronary arteries of females.
48
Kurosawa, Hiromi, Yasuharu Imai, and Masaaki Kawada. "Coronary arterial anatomy in regard to the arterial switch procedure." Cardiology in the Young 1, no. 1 (January 1991): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100000093.
Full textAbstract:
SummarySince the success of the arterial switch procedure is dependent on the successful translocation of the coronary arteries, a thorough understanding of the anatomic variations of the coronary arteries is essential. We reviewed the anatomy of the coronary arteries encountered in 140 consecutive cases undergoing the arterial switch procedure for complete transposition at the Heart Institute of Japan. The anatomic variations, described using the Shaher and Puddu classification, varied significantly, requiring alteration in the surgical technique.
49
Sando, Ian, Jeffrey Plott, Brendan McCracken, Mohamad Tiba, Kevin Ward, Jeffrey Kozlow, Paul Cederna, and Adeyiza Momoh. "Simplifying Arterial Coupling in Microsurgery—A Preclinical Assessment of an Everter Device to Aid with Arterial Anastomosis." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 34, no. 06 (February 16, 2018): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626691.
Full textAbstract:
Background A novel arterial everter device was engineered to simplify microvascular coupling of arteries by reliably securing the stiff, muscular wall of arteries over coupler pins. We compare microvascular coupling with the everter device to manual suturing for arterial anastomoses in a live large animal model. Materials and Methods In this preliminary study, bilateral external femoral arteries of five male swine were exposed and sharply divided. Arteries were anastomosed using either interrupted sutures (n = 5) or the everter device and Synovis Coupler (n = 5). The efficiency in engaging coupler pins, the time taken to perform the anastomosis, and vessel patency immediately post-op and at 1-week postanastomosis were evaluated. Vessel wall injury and luminal stenosis were compared between groups using histomorphometric analyses. Results On an average, 80% of coupler pins engaged the vessel walls after a single pass of the everter. The average time to perform the anastomosis was significantly less when using the everter/coupler compared with manual suturing (6:35 minutes versus 25:09 minutes, p < 0.001). Immediately post-op, 100% patency was observed in both groups. At 1 week post-op, four of five (80%) of coupled arteries and all five (100%) of hand-sewn arteries were patent. The degree of arterial wall injury, neointimal formation, and luminal stenosis for patent arteries were similar between groups. Conclusions Successful arterial anastomoses using the everter device with the Synovis Coupler was easier and significantly more efficient when compared with a standard hand-sewn technique. Both techniques had acceptable patency rates and similar effects on the vessel wall and intima.
50
Sasaki, Tomio, Neal F. Kassell, Masanori Yamashita, Shigeru Fujiwara, and Mario Zuccarello. "Barrier disruption in the major cerebral arteries following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 3 (September 1985): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.3.0433.
Full textAbstract:
✓ The effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the blood-arterial wall barrier in the major cerebral arteries were studied in 20 normotensive dogs. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was given intravenously before the animals were sacrificed to assess the integrity of the barrier. Transient elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) produced by cisternal injection of saline solution resulted in HRP leakage at the branching points of the major cerebral arteries. Extensive disturbance of the blood-arterial wall barrier was consistently observed in the major cerebral arteries after SAH, with or without elevation of ICP. These results suggest that both subarachnoid clot and a sudden rise in the ICP are important factors causing the breakdown of the blood-arterial wall barrier, but that the effect of the clot is the most profound. Electron microscopy revealed that opening of the interendothelial junctions is one of the important mechanisms responsible for the HRP leakage in the major cerebral arteries following SAH. Disturbance of arterial permeability in the major cerebral arteries following SAH probably accounts for the abnormal post-contrast enhancement that occurs in patients who are prone to develop vasospasm following aneurysm rupture, and is probably involved in the pathogenesis of vasospasm.