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Academic literature on the topic 'Arterial pulse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Arterial pulse"

1

Maddury, Jyotsna. "Arterial Pulse." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 02, no. 04 (December 2017): 099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636691.

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Daniel Paz-Martín. "Análisis de la onda de presión arterial en Anestesiología y Cuidados Intensivos I." Revista Electrónica AnestesiaR 12, no. 6 (July 6, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30445/rear.v12i6.858.

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La frecuencia y la forma del pulso arterial han sido empleadas desde hace milenios en un amplio abanico de escenarios clínicos. Cada componente de la onda de la presión arterial; presión pico, presión diastólica, tiempo de eyección, ascenso de la presión arterial durante la sístole y presión arterial media son el resultado de una compleja interrelación de procesos ventrículo-arteriales. Su correcta interpretación puede ser de gran utilidad a la hora de tomar decisiones clínicas. ABSTRACT Pulse wave analysis in Anesthesia and Intensive Care. The rate and shape of the arterial pulse have been used for millennia in a wide range of clinical settings. Each component of the blood pressure wave; peak pressure, diastolic pressure, ejection time, rise in blood pressure during systole and mean blood pressure are the result of a complex interrelation of ventricle-arterial processes. Its correct interpretation can be very useful when making clinical decisions.

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Mohiuddin, Mohammad W., Glen A. Laine, and Christopher M. Quick. "Increase in pulse wavelength causes the systemic arterial tree to degenerate into a classical windkessel." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): H1164—H1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00133.2007.

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Two competing schools of thought ascribe vascular disease states such as isolated systolic hypertension to fundamentally different arterial system properties. The “windkessel school” describes the arterial system as a compliant chamber that distends and stores blood and relates pulse pressure to total peripheral resistance ( Rtot) and total arterial compliance ( Ctot). Inherent in this description is the assumption that arterial pulse wavelengths are infinite. The “transmission school,” assuming a finite pulse wavelength, describes the arterial system as a network of vessels that transmits pulses and relates pulse pressure to the magnitude, timing, and sites of pulse-wave reflection. We hypothesized that the systemic arterial system, described by the transmission school, degenerates into a windkessel when pulse wavelengths increase sufficiently. Parameters affecting pulse wavelength (i.e., heart rate, arterial compliances, and radii) were systematically altered in a realistic, large-scale, human arterial system model, and the resulting pressures were compared with those assuming a classical (2-element) windkessel with the same Rtot and Ctot. Increasing pulse wavelength as little as 50% (by changing heart rate −33.3%, compliances −55.5%, or radii +50%) caused the distributed arterial system model to degenerate into a classical windkessel ( r2 = 0.99). Model results were validated with analysis of representative human aortic pressure and flow waveforms. Because reported changes in arterial properties with age can markedly increase pulse wavelength, results suggest that isolated systolic hypertension is a manifestation of an arterial system that has degenerated into a windkessel, and thus arterial pressure is a function only of aortic flow, Rtot, and Ctot.

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Nguyen, Phuc H., Egemen Tuzun, and Christopher M. Quick. "Aortic pulse pressure homeostasis emerges from physiological adaptation of systemic arteries to local mechanical stresses." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): R522—R531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00402.2015.

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Aortic pulse pressure arises from the interaction of the heart, the systemic arterial system, and peripheral microcirculations. The complex interaction between hemodynamics and arterial remodeling precludes the ability to experimentally ascribe changes in aortic pulse pressure to particular adaptive responses. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to use a human systemic arterial system model to test the hypothesis that pulse pressure homeostasis can emerge from physiological adaptation of systemic arteries to local mechanical stresses. First, we assumed a systemic arterial system that had a realistic topology consisting of 121 arterial segments. Then the relationships of pulsatile blood pressures and flows in arterial segments were characterized by standard pulse transmission equations. Finally, each arterial segment was assumed to remodel to local stresses following three simple rules: 1) increases in endothelial shear stress increases radius, 2) increases in wall circumferential stress increases wall thickness, and 3) increases in wall circumferential stress decreases wall stiffness. Simulation of adaptation by iteratively calculating pulsatile hemodynamics, mechanical stresses, and vascular remodeling led to a general behavior in response to mechanical perturbations: initial increases in pulse pressure led to increased arterial compliances, and decreases in pulse pressure led to decreased compliances. Consequently, vascular adaptation returned pulse pressures back toward baseline conditions. This behavior manifested when modeling physiological adaptive responses to changes in cardiac output, changes in peripheral resistances, and changes in local arterial radii. The present work, thus, revealed that pulse pressure homeostasis emerges from physiological adaptation of systemic arteries to local mechanical stresses.

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Driscoll, M. Darcy, J. Malcolm, O. Arnold, Gordon E. Marchiori, Linda A. Harker, and Marvin H. Sherebrin. "Determination of Appropriate Recording Force for Non-Invasive Measurement of Arterial Pressure Pulses." Clinical Science 92, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0920559.

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1. Non-invasive recording techniques of the arterial pressure pulse will distort the arterial wall and may alter pulse wave measurements. We hypothesized that intersubject variability of these measurements would be reduced if recording forces were normalized to reflect individualized arterial occlusion forces. 2. In 10 normal male subjects (age 24 ± 1 years), brachial, radial and finger arterial pressure pulses were recorded simultaneously using volume displacement pulse transducers (Fukuda TY-303) and a finger pressure monitoring system (Finapres, Ohmeda 2300) and were made at 2, 5 and 10–100% (10% increments) of the brachial arterial force associated with marked distortion of finger pulsations. Forces were applied at the brachial site in a randomized order while a constant 1.8 N force was applied at the radial artery site. Pressure pulses were analysed using the discrete fast Fourier transform. 3. Pulse amplitude, contour, wave velocity and relative transmission ratios remained relatively constant until the brachial artery recording force exceeded 59.9 ± 0.3% of the largest recording force used in each subject (7.14 ± 0.75 N). The finger pulse pressures (P < 0.0001), radial pulse amplitudes (P < 0.0001) and contours (harmonics 2–6, P < 0.003), pulse wave velocity (P < 0.021) and relative transmission ratios (harmonics 3–7, P < 0.01) then decreased with higher recording forces. 4. To avoid distortion, non-invasive recordings of arterial pressure pulse amplitude, contour, pressure wave velocity and relative transmission ratios along a peripheral arterial segment should use recording forces of less than 60% of the force associated with marked distortion of finger pulsations.

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O'Rourke, M. F., and S. S. Franklin. "Arterial stiffness: reflections on the arterial pulse." European Heart Journal 27, no. 21 (September 25, 2006): 2497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl312.

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Kandee, Moragot, Poonpong Boonbrahm, and Valla Tantayotai. "Development of Virtual Pulse Simulation for Pulse Diagnosis Studies." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, no. 7 (November 8, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i7.9640.

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Pulse signals can be used to observe the early sign of patients' health problems. From medical researches, monitoring the characteristic of arterial pulse waveform shows some risk indicator of specific diseases, e.g., hypertension, cardiovascular and heart failure diseases. A simple way to get arterial pulse wave is by using fingers to touch the radial artery position on the wrist. In the traditional Chinese medicine, a physician can use the information of arterial pulse wave-form to identify diseases based on the physician’s ability and experience. The improvement of the skill in pulse measurement can be improved by training using various kinds of pulses that represent each disease. This paper proposes a development of the virtual pulse simulation using Augmented Reality (AR) and haptic device for pulse diagnosis studies under various situations. The pulse simulation generates arterial pulse waveforms based on Sine and Gaussian functions. In this study, the mathematical model can generate the pulse wave like human pulse by setting up specific parameters. We can generate pulse waveform which representing different kinds and states of diseases by varying the mathematical model and parameters such as pulse rate or pulse pressure. The features of this work include how to generate force feedback from the mathematical models using the haptic device and how the virtual 3D can display visual feedback. The pulse simulation is useful for the health sciences students, especially the nursing students in training to identify some diseases. The evaluation of the system was carried out by first-year nursing students regarding usability, satisfaction, and performance.

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Hamilton, Paul K., Christopher J. Lockhart, Cathy E. Quinn, and Gary E. Mcveigh. "Arterial stiffness: clinical relevance, measurement and treatment." Clinical Science 113, no. 4 (July 13, 2007): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20070080.

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Most traditional cardiovascular risk factors alter the structure and/or function of arteries. An assessment of arterial wall integrity could therefore allow accurate prediction of cardiovascular risk in individuals. The term ‘arterial stiffness’ denotes alterations in the mechanical properties of arteries, and much effort has focused on how best to measure this. Pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, pulse waveform analysis, localized assessment of blood vessel mechanics and other methods have all been used. We review the methodology underlying each of these measures, and present an evidence-based critique of their relative merits and limitations. An overview is also given of the drug therapies that may prove useful in the treatment of patients with altered arterial mechanics.

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Nikolov, P. "STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN HIGH NORMAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 23, no. 1 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547//tjs.2020.01.002.

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The PURPUSE of the present study is changes in function and structure of large arteries in individuals with High Normal Arterial Pressure (HNAP) to be established. MATERIAL and METHODS: Structural and functional changes in the large arteries were investigated in 80 individuals with HNAP and in 45 with optimal arterial pressure (OAP). In terms of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), central aortic pressure (CAP), pulse pressure (PP) were followed up in HNAP group. Intima media thickness (IMT), flow-induced vasodilatation (FMD), ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also studied. RESULTS: Significantly increased values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure, pulse pressure are reported in the HNAP group. In terms of IMT and ABI, being in the reference interval, there is no significant difference between HNAP and OAP groups. The calculated cardiovascular risk (CVR) in both groups is low. CONCLUSION: Significantly higher values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure and pulse pressure in the HNAP group are reported.

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Husmann, Marc, Vincenzo Jacomella, Christoph Thalhammer, and Beatrice R. Amann-Vesti. "Markers of arterial stiffness in peripheral arterial disease." Vasa 44, no. 5 (September 2015): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000452.

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Abstract. Increased arterial stiffness results from reduced elasticity of the arterial wall and is an independent predictor for cardiovascular risk. The gold standard for assessment of arterial stiffness is the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Other parameters such as central aortic pulse pressure and aortic augmentation index are indirect, surrogate markers of arterial stiffness, but provide additional information on the characteristics of wave reflection. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterised by its association with systolic hypertension, increased arterial stiffness, disturbed wave reflexion and prognosis depending on ankle-brachial pressure index. This review summarises the physiology of pulse wave propagation and reflection and its changes due to aging and atherosclerosis. We discuss different non-invasive assessment techniques and highlight the importance of the understanding of arterial pulse wave analysis for each vascular specialist and primary care physician alike in the context of PAD.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arterial pulse"

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Millasseau, Sandrine. "Arterial pulse wave analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/arterial-pulse-wave-analysis(5002b38b-53de-4c76-af89-db21c08fea68).html.

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Fok, Henry Wing Hang. "Ventricular-vascular coupling and central arterial pulse pressure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ventricularvascular-coupling-and-central-arterial-pulse-pressure(c9b79392-15e3-4c43-b940-10bb9cbe35f7).html.

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Central pulse pressure (cPP), a product of ventricular-arterial interaction, is an important determinant of cardiovascular outcomes in hypertension. The aim of this thesis is to advance the understanding of pulsatile haemodynamics and to explore mechanisms that may selectively reduce cPP. The conventional view is that cPP comprises a component determined by the direct interaction of myocardial contraction with the impedance of the proximal arterial tree (closely related to pulse wave velocity, PWV) and a component ‘augmentation pressure’ generated by pressure wave reflections from muscular conduit arteries. Surprisingly little is known regarding regulation of conduit artery tone despite its potential influence on cPP. In the first part of this thesis, muscular large arterial tone was examined using a human forearm blood flow model. Vasoactive substances were infused locally into the brachial artery and vasodilator responses of the radial artery, as a muscular conduit artery, and forearm resistance microvasculature were examined. Nitric oxide donors, in particular, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) were found to have the most selective action on conduit arteries compared to other vasodilators. In the second part of the thesis, I examined whether the action of GTN to reduce augmentation pressure could be accounted for by this selective dilation of muscular arteries. GTN was given systemically and by intra-coronary infusion in patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation. Invasive aortic blood pressure and flow velocity were analysed in the time domain by wave intensity analysis. This allows separation of pressure into a forward component generated by myocardial contraction and a backward component generated by ‘reflection’ from the peripheral arterial tree. A surprising finding was that changes induced by GTN were mainly attributable to a reduction in forward rather than backward pressure waves. That this resulted from a change in myocardial contractility was confirmed by local intracoronary injection of GTN. The final part of the thesis examines the relative contribution of forward and backward pressure waves in hypertension. An elevated cPP in hypertensive compared to normotensive subjects was accounted for primarily by an increased forward pressure wave. That this was due to increased myocardial contractility was confirmed by examining whether the pattern of wave intensity seen in hypertension could be reproduced, in normotensive subjects, by the inotrope dobutamine (when compared to the vasoconstrictor norepinephrine used as a control). This thesis thus provides novel insight into a) regulation of conduit artery tone, and b) pulsatile haemodynamics, highlighting the contribution of left ventricular ejection characteristics in determining pressure augmentation and cPP.

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de, Kock J. P. "Pulse oximetry : theoretical and experimental models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302928.

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Ehrlich, Elizabeth R. "Sex Differences in Arterial Destiffening with Weight Loss." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43707.

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Given the current obesity epidemic in tandem with the aging US population, it is imperative to identify methods for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk that will be efficacious for both sexes. Arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent risk factor for a first cardiovascular event that increases with advancing age and obesity. Previous studies have found that modest weight loss (WL) of 5 to 10 percent successfully reduces AS and other risk factors for CVD. However, it remains unclear whether WL via caloric restriction reduces AS similarly among sexes. We tested the hypothesis that WL via caloric restriction would reduce AS more in men than women because men accumulate more abdominal visceral fat (VF) and lose more with WL compared with women of similar age and adiposity. To test our hypothesis AS was assessed from measurements of pulse wave velocity and ultrasonography of the carotid artery (Ã -SI). Total body and VF were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scans, respectively. Subjects underwent a 12-week WL intervention. No baseline differences in AS were observed between sexes. However, men were heavier and demonstrated higher levels of VF while women were fatter and had higher levels of abdominal subcutaneous fat. Contrary to our hypothesis both sexes experienced similar decreases in AS with WL despite greater reductions in VF in men. Our findings suggest that VF loss is not the primary mechanism mediating reductions in AS with WL. Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of arterial destiffening with WL.
Master of Science

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Smithers, Breana Gray. "Evaluating the Pulse Sensor as a Low-Cost and Portable Measurement of Blood Pulse Waveform." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849682/.

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This study was aimed at determining whether the digital volume pulse waveform using the Pulse Sensor can be used to extract features related to arterial compliance. The Pulse Sensor, a low-cost photoplethysmograph, measures green light reflection in the finger and generates output, which is indicative of blood flow and can be read by the low-cost Arduino UNO™. The Pulse Sensor code was modified to increase the sampling frequency and to capture the data in a file, which is subsequently used for waveform analysis using programs written in the R system. Waveforms were obtained using the Pulse Sensor during two 30-s periods of seated rest, in each of 44 participants, who were between the ages of 20 and 80 years. For each cardiac cycle, the first four derivatives of the waveform were calculated and low-pass filtered by convolution before every differentiation step. The program was written to extract 19 features from the pulse waveform and its derivatives. These features were selected from those that have been reported to relate to the physiopathology of hemodynamics. Results indicate that subtle features of the pulse waveform can be calculated from the fourth derivative. Feature misidentification occurred in cases of saturation or low voltage and resulted in outliers; therefore, trimmed means of the features were calculated by automatically discarding the outliers. There was a high efficiency of extraction for most features. Significant relationships were found between several of the features and age, and systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, suggesting that these features might be employed to predict arterial compliance. Further improvements in experimental design could lead to a more detailed evaluation of the Pulse Sensor with respect to its capability to predict factors related to arterial compliance.

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Eck, Vinzenz Gregor. "Arterial Flow and Pulse Wave Propagation in one dimensional Arterial Networks with Statistically Distributed Model Parameters." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19311.

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Parametric uncertainty in blood flow simulations of cardiovascular systems has received little attention, although methods for blood flow simulation has been subject of many studies. This work presents the implementation and assessment of a method for one dimensional flow and pressure wave simulations in arterial networks with statistically distributed model parameters. The pressure and flow waves in the arterial system are characterized by means of cross-sectionally averaged 1D governing equations for mass and momentum, discretized with a MacCormack scheme (explicit and second order in time and space). The stochastic model considered is a combination of a generalized polynomial chaos with a stochastic collocation method and joined with the one dimensional model. The implementation is validated with the simulation of a single arterial bifurcation, which has been published by others previously, with a somewhat different approach. The assessment is completed with a sensitivity analysis of the wave dynamics, in particular reflected waves, in the systemic arterial tree in the context of ageing. The numerical simulations showed that the impact of model uncertainty in different compartments of the arterial tree on systolic and diastolic pressure peaks can be determined with the elaborated method. In particular, the uncertainty in material parameters of the aortic arch showed a strong influence on the pressure wave forms.

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Payne, Rupert Alistair. "Pulse transit time and the pulse wave contour as measured by photoplethysmography : the effect of drugs and exercise." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5950.

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Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple means of measuring the pulse wave in humans, exploitable for the purposes of timing the arrival of the pulse at a particular point in the arterial tree, and for pulse contour analysis. This thesis describes a methodology for measuring arterial pulse transit time (PTT) from cardiac ejection to pulse arrival at the finger. It describes the effect on PTT of drug and exercise induced changes in BP. The nature of the relationship between the PPG and arterial pressure is also examined, and the PTT technique extended to assessment of conduit vessel pulse wave velocity (PWV) during exercise. PTT measured from ECG R-wave to PPG finger wave (rPTT) had a negative correlation (R2=0.39) with systolic BP (SBP), unaffected by vasoactive drugs in some but not all persons. rPTT showed similar beat-to-beat variability to SBP, unaffected by drugs. rPTT correlated weakly with diastolic (DBP) and mean (MAP) pressure. Cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) formed a substantial and variable part of rPTT (12% to 35%). Transit time adjusted for PEP (pPTT) correlated better with DBP (R2=0.41) and MAP (R2=0.45), than with SBP. The PPG wave tracked changes in the peripheral pressure wave. Drugs had little effect on the generalised transfer function (GTF) describing the association between arterial and PPG waves. Strenuous exercise induced a large decrease in rPTT, mainly accounted for by decreases in PEP (53% of the total change in rPTT) and in transit time from aorta to distal brachial artery (33%). In contrast, minimal change in transit time from wrist to finger tip occurred with exercise. Simultaneous ear-finger PPG signals were used to measure conduit artery PWV during exercise. Ear-finger PWV (PWVef) overestimated carotid-radial PWV throughout exertion (overall bias 0.81±1.05ms-1, p<0.001), but the degree of difference remained constant. The increase in PWVef with exercise, was greater (1.18±0.54ms-1, p=0.035) in healthy subjects with a positive cardiovascular family history compared to those without. PPG enables analysis of the pulse contour during exercise, but estimation of the radial pressure wave from finger PPG by use of a GTF derived at rest, resulted in inaccuracy following exertion. These effects were variable and relatively short-lived. Furthermore, a resting GTF used to determine central pressure from the peripheral wave, resulted in underestimation of SBP (-5.9±2.1mmHg) and central pressure augmentation index (-8.3±2.9%), which persisted for 10 minutes post-exercise. rPTT had a negative linear association with SBP (R2=0.94) during strenuous exercise, slightly stronger than during recovery (R2=0.85). Differences existed in area-undercurve of the rPTT/SBP relationship between exercise and recovery, due to discrepancies in rate and degree of recovery of SBP and PEP. The linear relationship between the rPTT/SBP during exercise was affected by aerobic capacity, and the regression slope was less in the anaerobic compared to aerobic phase of exercise due to minimal change in PEP during anaerobic exertion. The correlation between rPTT/SBP did not change with prolonged aerobic exercise. Finally, measures of baroreflex sensitivity during exercise, were not significantly different between actual beat-to-beat SBP and SBP estimated using rPTT. In conclusion, absolute BP cannot be reliably estimated by measurement of rPTT following administration of drugs and during exercise. However, rPTT may have a role in measuring BP variability and in the assessing exercise capacity. PPG may also be useful in determining the effects of exercise on arterial stiffness, and for estimating the pressure wave contour, although its use during exercise for the latter purpose must be treated with caution.

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Wenngren, Wilhelm Sven Ingemar. "Local pulse wave velocity detection over an arterial segment using photoplethysmography." University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63867.

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The goal of this thesis is to determine the validity of using photoplethysmography (the detection of changes of blood volume using light) to measure pulse wave velocity as part of a continuous and non-disruptive blood pressure monitor. There has been a limited advancement over the years in technologies to monitor personal blood pressure, which have rendered at-home monitoring still relatively intrusive. The main method for at-home blood pressure monitoring is the use of an inflating cuff that obstructs the artery to detect pressure. This system suffers from inherit drawbacks, such as limitations on recording accuracy if insufficient time has passed between samples and the restrictive nature of the cuff which can induce pain on a user. An alternative device that can monitor continuously would thus benefit people who are sensitive or need 24-hour monitoring. Ideally this would be a system that can be worn without discomfort and does not interfere with the user in any way. The ideal device would also allow continuous blood pressure monitoring throughout the cardiac cycle, independent of the level of physical activity of the user. Furthermore, this type of device would allow athletes to measure blood pressure during activity. To this end, a model is developed to describe blood pressure by measuring the arterial diameter on the radial artery and the pulse wave velocity (PWV) through it. Research suggests that these two metrics, along with the elasticity of an artery, can be used as a means to measure blood pressure non-invasively. This thesis focuses on the measurement of pulse wave velocity. The system design, including the hardware, is covered. The analysis techniques used to obtain raw signals, as well as the methods used to determine the PWV, will be discussed. The measurement location is described in detail. The results are shown to be comparable to values found in literature. However, due to lack of comparable measurement techniques, no direct comparisons between methods could be performed.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate

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Hast, J. (Jukka). "Self-mixing interferometry and its applications in noninvasive pulse detection." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951426973X.

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Abstract This thesis describes the laser Doppler technique based on a self-mixing effect in a diode laser to noninvasive cardiovascular pulse detection in a human wrist above the radial artery. The main applications of self-mixing interferometry described in this thesis in addition to pulse detection are arterial pulse shape and autonomic regulation measurements. The elastic properties of the arterial wall are evaluated and compared to pulse wave velocity variation at different pressure conditions inside the radial artery. The main advantages of self-mixing interferometry compared to conventional interferometers are that the measurement set up is simple, because basically only one optical component, the laser diode, is needed. The use of fewer components decreases the price of the device, thus making it inexpensive to use. Moreover, an interferometer can be implemented in a small size and it is easy to control because only one optical axis has to be adjusted. In addition, an accuracy, which corresponds to half of the wavelength of the light source, can be achieved. These benefits make this technique interesting for application to the measurement of different parameters of the cardiovascular pulse. In this thesis, measurement of three different parameters from cardiovascular pulsation in the wrist is studied. The first study considers arterial pulse shape measurement. It was found that an arterial pulse shape reconstructed from the Doppler signal correlates well to the pulse shape of a blood pressure pulse measured with a commercial photoplethysmograph. The second study considers measurement of autonomic regulation using the Doppler technique. It was found that the baroreflex part of autonomic regulation can be measured from the displacement of the arterial wall, which is affected by blood pressure variation inside the artery. In the third study, self-mixing interferometry is superimposed to evaluate the elastic properties of the arterial wall. It was found that the elastic modulus of the arterial wall increases as blood pressure increases. Correlations between measurements and theoretical values were found but deviation in measured values was large. It was noticed that the elastic modulus of the arterial wall and pulse wave velocity behave similarly as a function of blood pressure. When the arterial pressure increases, both the elastic modulus and pulse wave velocity reach higher values than in lower pressure.

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Zhang, Ruizhi. "ARTERIAL WAVEFORM MEASUREMENT USING A PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/126.

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This study aims to develop a new method to monitor peripheral arterial pulse using a PVDF piezoelectric sensor. After comparing different locations of sensor placement, a specific sensor wrap for the finger was developed. Its composition, size, and location make it inexpensive and very convenient to use. In order to monitor the effectiveness of the sensor at producing a reliable pulse waveform, a monitoring system, including the PZT sensor, ECG, pulse-oximeter, respiratory sensor, and accelerometer was setup. Signal analysis from the system helped discover that the PZT waveform is relative to the 1st derivative of the artery pressure wave. Also, the system helped discover that the first, second, and third peaks in PZT waveform represent the pulse peak, inflection point, and dicrotic notch respectively. The relationship between PZT wave and respiration was also analyzed, and, consequently, an algorithm to derive respiratory rate directly from the PZT waveform was developed. This algorithm gave a 96% estimating accuracy. Another feature of the sensor is that by analyzing the relationship between pulse peak amplitude and blood pressure change, temporal artery blood pressure can be predicted during Valsalva maneuver. PZT pulse wave monitoring offers a new type of pulse waveform which is not yet fully understood. Future studies will lead to a more broadly applied use of PZT sensors in cardiac monitoring applications.

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Books on the topic "Arterial pulse"

1

O'Rourke, Michael F. The arterial pulse. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1992.

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H, Crawford Michael. Inspection and palpation of venous and arterial pulses. Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association, 1990.

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McLaughlin, Carolee. Does arterial oxygen desaturation as measured by pulse oximetry occur during aspiration or penetration in acute dysphagic stroke patients?. [S.l: The Author], 2003.

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Asmar, R. Arterial Stiffness and Pulse Wave Velocity. Clinical applications. Editions Scientifiques Et, 1999.

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Lee, Richard. Pulse oximetry and capnography in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0073.

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The estimation of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and arterial carbon dioxide tension by capnography are vital monitoring techniques in critical care medicine, particularly during intubation, ventilation and transport. Equivalent continuous information is not otherwise available. It is important to understand the principles of measurement and limitations, for safe use and error detection. PETCO2 and oxygen saturation should be regularly checked against PaCO2 and co-oximeter SO2 obtained from the blood gas machine. The PECO2 trace informs endotracheal tube placement, ventilation, and blood flow to the lungs. It is essential their principles of estimation, the information gained and the traps in interpretation are understood.

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Acute Effects of Hand Elevation and Wrist Position on Mean Arterial Pressure and Pulse Rate Measured in the Hand. Storming Media, 2000.

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Romagnoli, Stefano, and Giovanni Zagli. Blood pressure monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0131.

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Two major systems are available for measuring blood pressure (BP)—the indirect cuff method and direct arterial cannulation. In critically-ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the invasive blood pressure is the ‘gold standard’ as a tight control of BP values, and its change over time is important for choosing therapies and drugs titration. Since artefacts due to the inappropriate dynamic responses of the fluid-filled monitoring systems may lead to clinically relevant differences between actual and displayed pressure values, before considering the BP value shown as reliable, the critical care giver should carefully evaluate the presence/absence of artefacts (over- or under-damping/resonance). After the arterial pressure waveform quality has been verified, the observation of each component of the arterial wave (systolic upstroke, peak, systolic decline, small pulse of reflected pressure waves, dicrotic notch) may provide a number of useful haemodynamic information. In fact, changes in the arterial pulse contour are due the interaction between the heart beat and the whole vascular properties. Vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, shock states (cardiogenic, hypovolaemic, distributive, obstructive), valve diseases (aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation), ventricular dysfunction, cardiac tamponade are associated with particular arterial waveform characteristics that may suggest to the physician underlying condition that could be necessary to investigate properly. Finally, the effects of positive-pressure mechanical ventilation on heart–lung interaction, may suggest the existence of an absolute or relative hypovolaemia by means of the so-called dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness.

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Hatfield, Anthea. Monitoring and equipment. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199666041.003.0004.

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Routine monitoring is an essential part of recovery room procedure. Respiration, a vital concern while awakening after anaesthesia, is given specific attention with reference to modern capnography. This chapter also describes additional monitoring in detail: pulse oximetry, blood pressure, central venous pressure, and arterial blood gases are clearly described. A comprehensive description of electrocardiography guides the student through this complicated subject. The monitoring of temperature and warming blankets, with suggestions for purchasing equipment, are included.

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Sainz, Jorge G., and Bradley P. Fuhrman. Basic Pediatric Hemodynamic Monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0005.

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Physiological monitoring using a variety of technological advances supplements, but does not replace, our ability to distinguish normal from abnormal physiology traditionally gleaned from physical examination. Pulse oximetry uses the wavelengths of saturated and unsaturated hemoglobin to estimate arterial oxygenation noninvasively. Similar technology included on vascular catheters provides estimation of central or mixed venous oxygenation and helps assess the adequacy of oxygen delivered to tissues. End-tidal carbon dioxide measurements contribute to the assessment of ventilation. Systemic arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure measurements help evaluate cardiac performance, including the impact of ventilatory support. Intra-abdominal pressure may increase as a result of intraluminal air or fluid, abnormal fluid collections within the peritoneal cavity, or abnormal masses. Increased pressure may impede venous return to the heart and compromise intra-abdominal organ perfusion. Pressure measurement guides related management decisions.

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Prout, Jeremy, Tanya Jones, and Daniel Martin. Respiratory system. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609956.003.0002.

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This chapter includes a summary of respiratory physiology, respiratory mechanics (pressure-volume relationships and compliance, airway resistance and the work of breathing) and the pulmonary circulation (pulmonary vascular resistance, shunt and lung zones). Measurement of respiratory flow, lung volumes and diffusion capacity is summarized, as well as measurement and interpretation of arterial blood gases. The physics behind capnography and pulse oximetry are explained with abnormalities related to clinical contexts. The common clinical scenarios of respiratory failure and asthma are discussed with initial management and resuscitation.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arterial pulse"

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Furst, Branko. "Arterial Pulse." In The Heart and Circulation, 263–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25062-1_22.

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Ranganathan, Narasimhan, Vahe Sivaciyan, and Franklin B. Saksena. "Arterial Pulse." In Contemporary Cardiology, 15–48. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-023-2_2.

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Salvi, Paolo. "Mean Arterial Pressure." In Pulse Waves, 3–7. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2439-7_2.

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Salvi, Paolo. "Central Arterial Blood Pressure." In Pulse Waves, 45–68. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2439-7_5.

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Ware, Wendy A., John D. Bonagura, and Brian A. Scansen. "Arterial Pulse Abnormalities." In Cardiovascular Disease in Companion Animals, 253–60. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429186639-16.

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Li, John K. J. "Arterial Pulse Transmission Characteristics." In The Arterial Circulation, 69–128. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-034-6_4.

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Salvi, Paolo. "Arterial Stiffness and Blood Pressure Variability." In Pulse Waves, 69–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40501-8_3.

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Salvi, Paolo. "Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Kidney Disease." In Pulse Waves, 199–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40501-8_7.

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Salvi, Paolo. "Pulse Wave Velocity and Arterial Stiffness Assessment." In Pulse Waves, 19–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40501-8_2.

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Canto, F. Munoz. "A Study of Arterial Oxygenation During Haemodialysis." In Pulse Oximetry, 139–41. London: Springer London, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1423-9_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arterial pulse"

1

Aguado-Sierra, J., K. H. Parker, J. E. Davies, D. Francis, A. D. Hughes, and J. Mayet. "Arterial pulse wave velocity in coronary arteries." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397539.

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Aguado-Sierra, J., K. H. Parker, J. E. Davies, D. Francis, A. D. Hughes, and J. Mayet. "Arterial pulse wave velocity in coronary arteries." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.259375.

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Hayman, Danika M., Qingping Yao, Monica B. Gireud, Qiuxia Dai, Merry L. Lindsey, and Hai-Chao Han. "Changes in Pulse Pressure Alter Arterial Wall Permeability." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206265.

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Pulse pressure, the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure, is an important characteristic of arterial blood pressure. Changes in pulse pressure occur when cardiac function or arterial compliance changes, which can be caused by ageing [1] and interventions such as cardiopulmonary bypass and left ventricular assist devices [2]. Therefore it is important to understand how both an increase and decrease in pulse amplitude affects arteries.

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Joshi, Aniruddha J., Sharat Chandran, V. K. Jayaraman, and B. D. Kulkarni. "Multifractality in arterial pulse." In 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761083.

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Wang, Dimin, David Zhang, and Juliana CN Chan. "Feature Extraction of Radial Arterial Pulse." In 2014 International Conference on Medical Biometrics (ICMB). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmb.2014.15.

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Roxas, Roman Carlo B., Adam T. Harnish, Dylon N. Johnson, Camrie M. Stewart, Dieu Nguyen, Erika Osbourne, Joshua A. Wolbert, Linda Vahala, and Zhili Hao. "A Theoretical Study of Sensor-Artery Interaction in Noninvasive Arterial Pulse Signal Measurement Using Tactile Sensors." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24570.

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Abstract This paper presents a theoretical study of sensor-artery interaction in arterial pulse signal measurement using a tactile sensor. A measured pulse signal is a combination of the true pulse signal in an artery, the arterial wall, its overlying tissue, and the sensor, under the influence of hold down pressure exerted on the sensor and motion artifact. The engineering essence of sensor-artery interaction is identified as elastic wave propagation in the overlying tissue and pulse signal transmission into the sensor at the skin surface, and different lumped-element models of sensor-artery interaction are utilized to examine how the involved factors affect a measured pulse signal. Achieving ideal sensor-artery conformity is the key for acquiring a measured pulse signal with minimum distortion. Hold-down pressure, sensor design, and overlying tissue collectively contribute to ideal sensor-artery conformity. Under ideal sensor-artery conformity, both the sensor and overlying tissue cause an increase in the measured stiffness of the arterial wall; damping and inertia of the sensor and overlying tissue also affects a measured pulse signal. The theoretical study shows the need to tailor the sensor design for different arteries and individual, and interpret estimated arterial indices with consideration of individual variations as well as instruments used.

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Rahman, Md Mahfuzur, Najmin Ara Sultana, Linda Vahala, Leryn Reynolds, and Zhili Hao. "Improved Vibration-Model-Based Analysis for Estimation of Arterial Parameters From Noninvasively Measured Arterial Pulse Signals." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24551.

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Abstract With the goal of achieving consistence in interpretation of an arterial pulse signal between its vibration model and its hemodynamic relations and improving its physiological implications in our previous study, this paper presents an improved vibration-model-based analysis for estimation of arterial parameters: elasticity (E), viscosity (η), and radius (r0) at diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the arterial wall, from a noninvasively measured arterial pulse signal. The arterial wall is modeled as a unit-mass vibration model, and its spring stiffness (K) and damping coefficient (D) are related to arterial parameters. Key features of a measured pulse signal and its first-order and second-order derivatives are utilized to estimate the values of K and D. These key features are then utilized in hemodynamic relations, where their interpretation is consistent with the vibration model, to estimate the value of r0 from K and D. Consequently, E, η, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are also estimated from K and D. The improved vibration-model-based analysis was conducted on pulse signals of a few healthy subjects measured under two conditions: at-rest and immediately post-exercise. With E, r0, and PWV at-rest as baseline, their changes immediately post-exercise were found to be consistent with the related findings in the literature. Thus, this improved vibration-model-based analysis is validated and contributes to estimation of arterial parameters with better physiological implications, as compared with its previous counterpart.

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Pilt, K., K. Meigas, M. Viigimaa, J. Kaik, R. Kattai, and D. Karai. "Arterial pulse waveform dependence on applied pressure." In 2010 12th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bec.2010.5630888.

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Joshi, Aniruddha J., Sharat Chandran, V. K. Jayaraman, and B. D. Kulkarni. "Arterial Pulse Rate Variability analysis for diagnoses." In 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761757.

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VOLTAIRAS, P. A., D. I. FOTIADIS, and L. K. MICHALIS. "AN-HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND THE ARTERIAL PULSE." In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Scattering Theory and Biomedical Engineering. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812814852_0041.

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Reports on the topic "Arterial pulse"

1

Convertino, Victor A. Modeling of Arterial Baroceptor Feedback in a Hydromec Cardiovascular Pulse Duplicator System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329508.

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Wu, Shu-Mei, Yio-What Shau, Bor-Shyh Lin, and Fok-Ching Chong. Effects of Mechanical Pumping on the Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity: Peripheral Artery and Micro-Vessels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412404.

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