Journal articles on the topic 'Art Competitions Australia'
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1
Yuriy, Dyachenko. "FRENCH MUSETTE IN THE WORKS OF A. HAIDENKO." Aspects of Historical Musicology 22, no. 22 (March 2, 2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-22.07.
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At the present stage of development of world music, the accordion and button accordion occupy one of the leading positions. Formation of instruments on the professional concert stage is an integral part of both world and Ukrainian musical culture, as evidenced by the composition, a large number of performing competitions and festivals that take place not only in Ukraine but also in Europe, Asia and America, and Australia. A significant phenomenon of the latest wave of development of accordion and button accordion art is the crystallization of pop and jazz in the works of composers and performers. From the second half of the twentieth century, the popularity of pop and jazz music among performers and listeners (due to its brightness and accessibility) opened new horizons, genre and stylistic searches which have largely affected the trends in the development of world accordion and button accordion art, including pop and jazz. The composer’s activity of leading performers is becoming a widespread phenomenon of modern pop-jazz accordion movement. Among them we note V. Podgorny, V. Zubytsky, V. Vlasov, A. Haidenko, O. Nazarenko, B. Myronchuk, A. Stashevsky and others. Well aware of the specifics of technical-expressive, acoustic and textural capabilities of modern accordion and button accordion, domestic composers-accordionists have created a large number of bright works of pop and jazz direction. Thus, the intensification of composer’s work and the emergence of new works of pop and jazz in the accordion and button accordion art of modern times have determined the relevance of the topic of this article. The purpose of the article is to identify the main stylistic and genre features of the French musette in the works of A. Haidenko. One of the most significant examples of this genre is the series «Paris Secrets» of five waltzes in the style of French musettes for accordion by A. Haidenko. Such a work as a «musette» has not yet been mastered by any of the domestic composers, especially in the form of a cycle. The composer rethought the basics of the French folk instrumental genre in terms of professional accordion performance. This synthesis transforms the genre of the musette, embodies the pop genre in terms of academic art. The use of professional performance capabilities distinguishes the artist’s works from other compositions of this style, with the general availability of musical material to a wide range of listeners. Typical melismatics of French musettes is organically and professionally implemented by A. Haidenko in the whole cycle. The melismatics is based on beamed ascending and descending grace notes on chord tones, “singing” grace notes on separate notes, chromatic grace notes (imitations of “transitions” to the sound), mordents. Sudden dynamic contrasts, shift of strong bars, chord introduction, virtuosity, brightness of phrases and sentences are typical for A. Haidenko’s musettes. The series of five waltzes for accordion “Paris Secrets” in the style of French musettes by A. Haidenko is a unique heritage not only of the domestic, but also of the world original repertoire.
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Scott, Paul G. "It Ain't Necessarily So: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd and the Reasons for Reforming s 36 of the Commerce Act." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 51, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v51i2.6571.
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The Government has indicated it is going to amend s 36 of the Commerce Act 1986. Its reasons are that s 36 fails to capture sufficient anticompetitive conduct, is difficult and complex to apply and makes litigation unpredictable. The Government proposes a substantial lessening of competition test which it claims will capture more conduct, make analysis more straightforward and provide a source of Australian authority for New Zealand courts. This article uses an Australian Federal Court case, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, to show that the claims for reform are overstated and in some cases incorrect. It argues the foundations of the case for reform of s 36 are wobbly and infirm.
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Mollenhauer, Jeanette. "A Changing Focus: The Evolution of Irish Step Dancing Competitions in Australia." Dance Research Journal 51, no. 2 (August 2019): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767719000196.
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Considerable differences exist between Irish step dancing competitions in the current era and those which were held in the late nineteenth century. This article traces the evolution of step dancing competition praxes in Australia, exposing the multiple transformations which have occurred over time. It focuses on the shift from cultural representation to individual aesthetics and the ways in which this change has resulted from disparate influences both within the genre itself and from the broader sociocultural status of Irish immigrants in Australia.
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Kemp, Katharine. "Strengthening Enforcement and Redress Under the Australian Privacy Act." Global Privacy Law Review 3, Issue 3 (September 1, 2022): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gplr2022016.
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The regulatory regime provided by the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) has long been criticized for its limited effectiveness in providing both remedies for individuals and guidance and deterrence for entities obliged to comply with the statute. Key concerns include the restricted rights of redress for individuals, and the inadequate powers and funding of the federal privacy regulator, the Australian Information Commissioner. In the last three years, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) has begun to take on an important role in advocating for reform of Australia’s privacy law, assessing the potential anticompetitive effects of the data practices of digital platforms, and actively litigating privacyrelated misleading conduct matters under the Australian Consumer Law (ACL). This article describes the contrast in the roles, powers and funding of these two regulators and makes proposals for reform which would assist in providing Australians with appropriate access to justice in directly redressing privacy wrongs beyond organizations’ misleading representations about data practices. Australia, Data Privacy, Privacy Regulators, Enforcement, Redress
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Begum, Afroza. "Corruption in business." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2020-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to critically analyse the Criminal Code Amendment (Bribery of Foreign Public Officials) Act 1999 and Crimes Legislation Amendment (Combating Corporate Crime) Bill 2017 with special focus on the facilitation payment (FP) defence by referring to the UK Bribery Act 2010. The study will showcase how FP promotes disrespect for a good corporate culture inevitable for responsible and sustained business and as to why FP must be abolished to make the Australian regulation consistent with the international standards. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on primary and secondary sources including the Senate Committee Reports and recent legislative developments in Australia, and the relevant law of the UK. Findings Australia is lagging far behind comparative jurisdictions including the UK, and the FP defence must be abolished to make the Australian regulation consistent with the international standards and to foster international business backed up by globalisation, competition and interconnectedness of national economies. Originality/value This paper is the original work of the author and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.
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Cooksey, Gregory A. "The Art in Science of MicroTAS 2018." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 12 (2019): 2058–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc90052g.
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Nam-Trung Nguyen from Griffith University, Australia, was the winner of the 2018 MicroTAS Art in Science competition. He received the award certificate from Simon Neil from Lab on a Chip and Greg Cooksey from NIST.
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Alston, Senator Richard. "Introducing Competition into Australian Telecommunications." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600105.
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Australia's telecommunications regime has been developed over several years with the clear intention of facilitating robust competition, while also providing a raft of consumer safeguards. After introducing elements of competition in the 1980s, the government was able to gradually increase the level of competition, until the introduction of full competition in the Telecommunications Act 1997. Since then, the government has encouraged a stronger competitive environment by strengthening the powers of the ACCC. It has also improved consumer protection safeguards through the enactment of the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Services Standards) Act 1999. Further refining of the regime will not end here. The government will continue to review competition and consumer policy and continue to promote liberalised trade in telecommunications markets.
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Fels, Allan. "Competition and Consumers in Telecommunications: Industry-Specific Competition." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600108.
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With the introduction of telecommunications-specific competition regulation in July 1997, the Australian telecommunications industry began a transition which is transforming its structure and operations. Under amendments to the Trade Practices Act, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission was given responsibility for applying the regulation, which established an access regime and special powers in relation to anti-competitive conduct. In this article, the Commission's chairman, Professor Allan Fels, summarises the operation of the regime over the last three years and outlines the Commission's major decisions and approaches. In a year when the regulation is subject to review, he also expresses some views on the issues which will influence future regulatory directions in telecommunications.
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Reichelt-Brushett, Amanda, and John Smith. "Connecting Silos - Inviting Art and Science Interactions." Leonardo 45, no. 5 (October 2012): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00453.
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In tertiary education in Australia there are often clear divisions between disciplines defined by hierarchy that is established for administrative purposes. These purposes often conflict with notions of trans-disciplinary study by creating an environment of competition rather than one of collaboration. Through this project we brought together science and art by developing a ‘hands on’ workshop where scientists and artists explored tools and techniques from unfamiliar disciplines. Collaborative projects and self emersion post workshop resulted in an exhibition of outcomes. The development of these outcomes challenged both artists and scientists to explore their discipline boundaries and connectivity by using tools and knowledge in unique ways.
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Kelly, Veronica. "A Complementary Economy? National Markets and International Product in Early Australian Theatre Managements." New Theatre Quarterly 21, no. 1 (January 26, 2005): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x04000351.
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The international circulation of commercial theatre in the early twentieth century was driven not only from the centres of Great Britain and the USA, but by the specific enterprise and habitus of managers in ‘complementary’ production sites such as Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. The activity of this period suggests a de-centred competitive trade in theatrical commodities – whether performers, scripts, or productions – wherein the perceived entertainment preferences and geographies of non-metropolitan centres were formative of international enterprise. The major producers were linked in complex bonds of partnerships, family, or common experience which crossed the globe. The fractures and commonalities displayed in the partnerships of James Cassius Williamson and George Musgrove, which came to dominate and shape the fortunes of the Australian industry for much of the century, indicate the contradictory commercial and artistic pressures bearing upon entrepreneurs seeking to provide high-quality entertainment and form advantageous combinations in competition with other local and international managements. Clarke, Meynell and Gunn mounted just such spirited competition from 1906 to 1911, and their story demonstrates both the opportunities and the centralizing logic bearing upon local managements shopping and dealing in a global market. The author, Veronica Kelly, works at the University of Queensland. She is presently undertaking a study of commercial stars and managements in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Australia, with a focus on the star performer as model of history, gender, and nation.
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Knight, Lizzie, and Louise Bell. "Reimagining Australia's shale gas revolution: lessons at home and abroad." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13084.
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In Australia the shale gas debate has been polarised between those extolling its virtues with unchecked enthusiasm on one side and deep wariness on the other. How can we re-imagine Australia’s energy future and what is the proper place for shale gas? With 396 trillion cubic feet of potential shale gas reserves (CSIRO, 2012), Australia stands on a precipice of a golden age of gas, but only if those reserves can be developed profitably and with a higher level of community support and understanding. The development of a shale gas industry is likely to transform the nation’s domestic gas and export LNG markets, increase energy security, and bolster the Australian economy. Community concern and infrastructure constraints, however, stand as barriers to the realisation of the industry. The US is one of the few countries to have developed shale gas to a commercial scale. Facilitative government policies, extensive infrastructure networks, open-access policies, a favourable regulatory framework, a highly competitive industry, and a strong R&D focus have allowed the shale gas industry to flourish. Meanwhile, the nascent Australian unconventional gas industry grapples with community support, regulatory duplication and delays, conflicts about competing resources, productivity decline, and rising capital and labour costs. The development of major CSG to LNG export projects in Queensland will promote competition for gas between domestic and international customers. The eastern Australia domestic gas market will no longer be insulated from the world gas market and the domestic gas price is likely to rise to meet international prices. A shale gas industry in Australia could provide part of the solution to future domestic gas shortages and price hikes. To develop an Australian shale gas industry, however, proponents will require a social licence to operate and access to infrastructure. Government and industry need to act now to implement a coordinated strategy that will enable proponents to secure and maintain their social licence and obtain adequate access to infrastructure. While the existing Australian unconventional gas industry and overseas shale gas experiences are defined by a specific set of circumstances and differ from the Australian shale gas experience in a number of important respects, lessons from shale gas projects abroad is paramount to shaping a mature debate and ensuring this potential opportunity is realised.
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Goggin, Gerard, and Christopher Newell. "Crippling Competition: Critical Reflections on Disability and Australian Telecommunications Policy." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600111.
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Telecommunications reform in Australia, and in particular the introduction of competition, is often claimed to have delivered benefits to consumers. From the perspective of people with disability, this competition so far can been seen as crippling rather than enabling. There have been some gains for telecommunications for people with disabilities over the past decade in particular —delivered by slowly changing corporate attitudes buttressed by the explicit reference to the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 in the Telecommunications Act 1997. This article examines telecommunications and disability in Australia since 1975, and concludes that it is high time for a telecommunications and new media industry where measures of outcomes would include utilising the experiences and meeting the needs, expectations and aspirations of those who live with disability.
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Latimer, Paul, and Michael Duffy. "Deconstructing Digital Currency and Its Risks: Why ASIC Must Rise to the Regulatory Challenge." Federal Law Review 47, no. 1 (March 2019): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x18816237.
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Digital currency is a ‘disrupter’ of financial services and currency markets, and as such presents new regulatory challenges. International regulatory responses to digital currency range from being largely ignored in some jurisdictions to being banned in others, with most jurisdictions charting a middle course of ‘wait and see’ while attempting to deal with pressing issues (such as taxation liability and potential money laundering and terrorism financing issues). This article explains digital currency, its benefits, its problems, its risks and the regulatory response so far. It analyses the extent to which the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC, the national securities regulator) may or may not have regulatory power and jurisdiction under existing Australian law, and the role of other relevant regulators and institutions. It concludes that digital currency may well be a ‘financial product’ under Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) s 763A (though many suppliers/issuers of that product will be website operators located outside Australia). If it is a financial product, ASIC would also have jurisdiction over issuers and markets that trade in that product. This conclusion could easily be fortified by legislative confirmation; however, it is suggested that ASIC should in all events test its powers to determine whether any legislative change is needed. Regulation by ASIC would add to recent moves to deal with digital currency by the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) and the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). In all cases, this article argues that the time has come for Commonwealth regulation of digital currencies by ASIC as the relevant regulator. This would then trigger the obligations set out in the Corporations Act and the ASIC Act, including Australian Financial Services Licensing, Australian Market Licensing, standards of efficiency, honesty and fairness, disclosure provisions, possible market offences and corporate regulation generally. The suggested jurisdiction of ASIC would build on its existing role as well as the roles of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, the ATO and AUSTRAC.
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Bednall, T. "COMPETITION LAWS IN THE COOPER BASIN." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94052.
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Competition laws in Australia are in the process of substantial reform. The major competition issues facing participants in the Cooper Basin: market definition, and competition between joint venturers are reviewed. The manner in which the Trade Practices Act has been applied to Cooper Basin producers is reviewed, proposed reforms to implement new national competition policy are outlined, and the likely impact which those reforms will have on the production and marketing of gas from the Cooper Basin are discussed.The likelihood, under reformed laws, of development of natural gas pipelines, open access, the difficulties of separate marketing of gas by joint venture parties, the potential for inter-basin competition in Australia, and the real issue of whether substantial benefits will flow to consumers of gas as a result of the application of new competition policies are evaluated.
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Rajapakse, Pelma Jacinth. "Contamination of Food and Drinks: Product Liability in Australia." Deakin Law Review 21, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2016vol21no1art718.
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This article examines the Australian law determining liability of manufacturers and retailers for injury or death allegedly caused by food and drink products which were spoiled, contaminated, or otherwise in a deleterious condition. Product liability and the issue of negligence associated with consumption of foods or drinks deemed as contaminated form the key points of discussion in this article. The liability of manufacturers, processors, wholesalers and retailers are explored with reference to elements of negligence, breach of express or implied warranty, misrepresentation, and strict liability in tort. Australian case law as it pertains to duty of care, breach, causation, and damage has been established and there are consumer protection and product safety laws at both state and federal levels that provide for those affected by contamination/harmful condition of food and drink products. This article explores examples of negligence as the basis of manufacturer’s, processor’s and retailer’s liability in tort (common law and Civil Liability Act 2003 (Qld)) as well as liability under the federal and state legislation such as the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), the Food Act 2006 (Qld) and the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code). The various defences of contributory negligence of consumers, and obvious risk of injury suffered, as well as those established by manufacturers/retailers in the relevant proceedings are used to show the complexity of this issue. The article concludes with recommendations for consumers and businesses to avoid the risk of food contamination and to maintain food safety.
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Syuib, Muhammad. "The Protection of Online Shopping Consumer Rights in Australia." Jurnal Justisia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial 5, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/justisia.v5i1.7268.
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As one of the advanced countries in the world, Australia is putting technology as main instrument in dealing with daily activity, included in shopping. Therefore, nowadasys, many Australian rely on online shopping. It seems everything becomes easier when it is dealt online. People do not need to go outside their home and spend their money. What they can merely need is just sit at home and wait for the order. Thus, online shopping can be argued is more effective and efficient in this era. However, beyond this positive aspect, there are also some negative aspects. Among them is the quality of the product. Buyers (consumers) would never see goods or services directly. They only view the products or services through pictures or videos which are available on the website. The problem is, these images and videos might not be as good as reality. The vendors post the high quality pictures and videos on the site merely to attract consumers. Another issue is, difficult to communicate with the seller after buying the product. During the negotiation, it is easy to contact seller, but after the products are sold, majority vendors would “disappear”. Security payment is among on the risk list as well. Therefore, it is interesting to be researched, how the Australian law then protects its society from such risk. The Government claims that the Australian Competition and Consumer (ACC) Act 2010 has become law umbrella in protecting Australian in dealing with online shopping.
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Tombesi, Paolo. "Back to the future: the pragmatic classicism of Australia's Parliament House." Architectural Research Quarterly 7, no. 2 (June 2003): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503002100.
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Until the launch of Federation Square in Melbourne, in 1997, Australia's contribution to the history of international architectural competitions consisted essentially of two buildings: the Sydney Opera House, won by Jørn Utzon in 1957, and the Federal Parliament House in Canberra, won by Mitchell/Giurgola and Thorp (MGT) in 1980. While Utzon's building is widely acknowledged as a daring piece of innovative design and one of the architectural icons of this century, MGT's winning scheme for Parliament House drew heavy criticism from the moment the proposal was unveiled: neo-Classicist lines, a Beaux-Arts parti, and the building's occupation of Capital Hill – at the top of the Griffins' 1912 scheme for Canberra – were seen by many as displaying a lack of sensibility towards Australian landscape, culture, and ingenuity, and as the result of a conservative approach to contemporary urban design.
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Alexander, E., and J. Morton. "SELECTING THE WINNING BID." APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01029.
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Work program bidding is established as the favoured method of allocating petroleum exploration tenements in offshore Australian waters and most of onshore Australia. However, the selection of winning bids can be complicated by the ranking of 2D versus 3D seismic, seismic versus drilling, program timing issues etc. On occasion the selection of the winning bids has been contentious. This paper summarises the process developed by the Petroleum Group in South Australia to select the winning work program bids for prospective onshore blocks for which bids have been gazetted. No other Australian jurisdiction has yet publicly released their detailed bid assessment processes.Onshore acreage releases with work program bidding have been used in South Australia since the 1980s by Petroleum Group to:focus industry onto specific prospective areas of the State (e.g. the Cooper Basin post expiry of PELs 5 and 6 in 1999); maximise exploration commitments; and achieve competition policy.The South Australian Petroleum Act 2000 allows cash or work program bidding to be used depending on the acreage. Acreage releases are announced by Ministerial press release. Associated clear bid assessment criteria are published together with promotional material to aid applicants. The date and time for close of bidding are also established, usually allowing a 6–9 month acreage evaluation period, the timeframe depending on the volume of data involved, i.e. the exploration maturity of the area.Applications received as a result of a gazettal process (i.e. competing bids) are assessed by a process designed to ensure probity and to achieve the over-arching aim of the bidding process i.e. the suitability of the applicants proposed work program for evaluating the prospectivity of the licence area and discovering petroleum.A scoring system has been developed which establishes, for each bid what is effectively a risked net present value in well equivalents. In this system, guaranteed work scores higher than non-guaranteed work; early work scores higher than later work; wells with multiple targets are scored higher than single target wells; 2D and 3D seismic and other exploration activity is converted into well equivalents; and loading of the later, non-guaranteed years of work programs are heavily discounted.The scoring system may also take into account differences in the amount and density of exploration data and minor variations may be made to the system to take this into account. It is intended that details of the scoring system to be used in bid assessment will be published each time bids are sought to ensure transparency and a level playing field.Comparisons are made with acreage management philosophy and processes used by other regulatory regimes in Australia and internationally.
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Lee, Alan. "Art Education and the National Review of Visual Education." Australian Journal of Education 53, no. 3 (November 2009): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494410905300302.
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The recently completed review of visual education, First we see, makes recommendations that contrast sharply with most traditional forms of art teaching in Australian schools. Although the review implicitly stands against a narrow conception of a visual education founded on artistic and aesthetic concerns, I argue that the concept of ‘visuacy’ that the review offers as a complement to literacy and numeracy is misconceived as an educational objective. Theories of art education today derive from a history of ideas about creativity and self-expression, while classroom practice is dominated by the uncritical imitation of the contemporary adult art world. The confusion of values shows most acutely in the way visual arts education culminates at Year 12 level with students being recruited into a large-scale art competition that lacks an educational justification even though it wins wide public approval.
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Chan, Sean. "Future-Proof Doctrine or Relic of an Equitable Past? Unconscionable Conduct in the Fair Trading Amendment Act 2021." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 53, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v53i2.7708.
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The Fair Trading Amendment Act 2021 introduced a New Zealand prohibition on "unconscionable conduct" in trade. Previously, the law on unconscionable conduct was found in the equitable doctrine of unconscionable bargain. This article describes how New Zealand law has moved away from equitable unconscionability with this new prohibition. This article critically analyses some of the legal, social and economic justifications for introducing the prohibition, finding that some of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's justifications are not persuasive. The s 7 prohibition is based strongly on an equivalent section in the Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth). It is argued that long-standing doctrinal issues with Australia's prohibition provided a strong basis for New Zealand to pursue a different standard. Finally, this article explores the "unfair commercial practices" doctrines in the United States and European Union through the lens of anti-consumer practices in digital marketplaces. The conclusion is that the unfair commercial practices doctrine captures a wider range of anti-consumer conduct than does unconscionable conduct.
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SAMUEL, GRAEME. "CARTELS, MEDIA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS - THE RAPIDLY CHANGING FACE OF AUSTRALIAN COMPETITION REGULATION." Deakin Law Review 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2005vol10no2art290.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>Australia’s </span><span>Trade Practices Act </span><span>is a piece of legislation that is constantly evolving to deal with the constantly evolving processes and practices of business – good and bad. Regardless of whether the country’s main tele- communications company, Telstra is privatised, or whether we get one or a hundred new TV channels or even abandon our TV sets for computer screens, the </span><span>Trade Practices Act </span><span>will continue, as it has done now for 30 years, to evolve with the economy to continue to protect and promote com- petition for the good of the Australian people</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>
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C. Pope, Lisa, Andy Sharp, and Craig Moritz. "The genetic diversity and distinctiveness of the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus (Gray, 1854) in New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980164.
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Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (YFRW) Petrogale xanthopus have declined in numbers since European settlement from past hunting for skins, habitat disturbance and predation and competition with feral animals (Gordon et al. 1978, 1993; Copley 1983; Henzell 1990). This has led to the species being classed as potentially vulnerable to extinction in Australia (Kennedy 1992), and endangered in New South Wales (Schedule 1, Threatened Species Conservation Act, 1995).
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Botea, Adi, and Daniel Harabor. "Path Planning with Compressed All-Pairs Shortest Paths Data." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 23 (June 2, 2013): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v23i1.13600.
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All-pairs shortest paths (APSP) can eliminate the need to search in a graph, providing optimal moves very fast. A major challenge is storing pre-computed APSP data efficiently. Recently, compression has successfully been employed to scale the use of APSP data to roadmaps and gridmaps of realistic sizes. We develop new techniques that improve the compression power of state-of-the-art methods by up to a factor of 5. We demonstrate our ideas on game gridmpaps and the roadmap of Australia. Part of our ideas have been integrated in the Copa CPD system, one of the two best optimal participants in the grid-based path planning competition GPPC.
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Shanahan, Martin P., and Kerrie Round. "Transforming Australian business attitudes to competition: Responses to the Trade Practices Act 1965." Business History 56, no. 3 (August 21, 2013): 434–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2013.800969.
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Taborda, Ashley. "Airline Alliances: Justifying the Bureaus Intervention." Air and Space Law 41, Issue 6 (November 1, 2016): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2016036.
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In Airline Alliances: Justifying the Bureau’s Intervention, the Canadian Competition Bureau’s 2011 challenge of the proposed joint venture between Air Canada and United Continental Holdings is analysed from a Competition Law perspective, through the lens of the nuanced environment in which airlines operate in Canada. Despite the multitude of arguments supporting the pro-competitive effects of airline alliances, particularly with regards to airlines operating in the United States, Europe and Australia, this paper concludes that airline alliances are not necessarily pro-competitive within the Canadian context. Although airline alliances are theoretically well-aligned with the purposes of the Canadian Competition Act, the markets in which such alliances are permitted to operate must contain mechanisms to constrain the excessive use of market power. With current Canadian policies fostering protectionism, the Competition Bureau is arguably justified in taking a more aggressive approach with regards to airline alliances than its global peers.
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McQuilten, Grace, Deborah Warr, Kim Humphery, and Amy Spiers. "Ambivalent entrepreneurs: arts-based social enterprise in a neoliberal world." Social Enterprise Journal 16, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-03-2019-0015.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the social turn in contemporary capitalism and contemporary art through the lens of art-based social enterprises (ASEs) that aim to create positive social benefits for young people experiencing forms of marginalisation, and which trade creative products or services to help fulfil that mission. A growth in ASEs demonstrates a growing interest in how the arts can support social and economic development, and the ways new economic models can generate employment for individuals excluded from the labour market; extend opportunities for more people to participate in art markets; and challenge dominant market models of cultural production and consumption. Design/methodology/approach This paper considers a number of challenges and complexities faced by ASEs that embrace a co-dependence of three goals, which are often in tension and competition – artistic practice, social purpose and economic activity. It does so by analysing interviews from staff working with 12 ASE organisation’s across Australia. Findings While the external forces that shape ASEs – including government policy, markets, investors and philanthropy – are interested in the “self-sufficient” economic potential of ASEs, those working in ASEs tend to prioritise social values and ethical business over large financial returns and are often ambivalent about their roles as entrepreneurs. This ambivalence is symptomatic of a position that is simultaneously critical and affirmative, of the conditions of contemporary capitalism and neoliberalism. Originality/value This paper addresses a gap in social enterprise literature presenting empirical research focussing on the lived experience of those managing and leading ASEs in Australia.
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Greenslade, PJM. "Environment and Competition as Determinants of Local Geographical-Distribution of 5 Meat Ants, Iridomyrmex-Purpureus and Allied Species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 3 (1987): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870259.
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The distributions of five species of meat ants [Iridomyrmex purpureus S.S. (P), 'yellow species' (Y), viridiaeneus (V), 'small purple species' (SP), 'blue species' (B)] were investigated in the Gawler Ranges and Eyre Peninsula of South Australia, in relation to climate, soils and vegetation. P occurred mainly in two areas of relatively high total and/or summer rainfall that were predicted a priori, and Y was limited to sandy alkaline yellow duplex soils. V, SP and B are all found in the arid Gawler Ranges and, in this order, form a sequence of increasing penetration into areas of higher rainfall on Eyre Peninsula. It is proposed that a north-to-south gradient of increasing rainfall is accompanied by a gradient of increasing diversity (species richness) of local ant faunas. By analogy with the distribution of meat ant species across habitats differing in the diversity of their ant faunas in the Gawler Ranges, it is suggested that southern limits to the ranges of V and SP are determined by intensification of diffuse competition from increasingly diverse ant communities. Within their ranges, however, the relative frequencies of SP and B depend on simple asymmetrical competition between meat ant species. Diffuse competition at the periphery of a species' range is discussed briefly as selective pressure towards evolutionary change or stasis.
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Muser, Barbara, Stefan Sommer, Harald Wolf, and Rüdiger Wehner. "Foraging ecology of the thermophilic Australian desert ant, Melophorus bagoti." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 5 (2005): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05023.
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The paper describes the foraging ecology of the Australian desert ant, Melophorus bagoti, a thermophilic, diurnal scavenger with ground-nesting colonies. Overlapping foraging ranges, low foraging success rates, and intercolony aggression suggest intense competition for food between colonies. Daily foraging starts when soil surface temperatures approach 50°C. Workers search individually and collect predominantly dead insects. Occasionally, they consume plant secretions. Foraging activity peaks on mid-summer days. On cloudy days the onset of foraging is delayed, and the foraging activity is low. Ants do not forage on rainy days. Typically, workers start their above-ground activities with a few short exploration runs. On average, they perform one foraging run on the first day of their outdoor lives. With age they gradually increase foraging site fidelity and daily foraging effort. Individual foraging efficiency is low at the beginning but grows with experience. However, due to a high mortality rate and, hence, high forager turnover, average rates of foraging success for a colony remain rather low. The outdoor activity gradually decreases towards the end of summer and appears to stop completely during the winter months.
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Corones, Stephen, and Bill Lane. "Shielding Critical Infrastructure Information-Sharing Schemes from Competition Law." Deakin Law Review 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2010vol15no1art115.
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Because the majority of critical infrastructure is now owned or operated by the private sector, governments have implemented schemes to facilitate the exchange of information between private sector owners and operators, to ensure that it is protected from terrorist attack. The operation of these information-sharing schemes has the potential to contravene the competition law provisions contained in Division 1 and Division 2 of Part IV of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA). In light of these matters, this article considers whether there is a need for a specific statutory defence in the TPA in order to ensure that such arrangements can operate effectively and encourage the frank exchange of this type of information. The article examines the existing voluntary self-regulatory scheme adopted in Australia in 2003 and compares it with similar schemes in the United States where there is a move away from voluntary self-regulation towards a mandatory regulatory model with a specific legislated defence to shield critical infrastructure information-exchange arrangements from antitrust laws.
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Davison, Gethin, Robert Freestone, Richard Hu, and Sarah Baker. "The impacts of mandatory design competitions on urban design quality in Sydney, Australia." Journal of Urban Design 23, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2017.1337497.
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Dickman, Christopher R., Aaron C. Greenville, Glenda M. Wardle, and Jenna P. Bytheway. "Class Conflict: Diffuse Competition between Mammalian and Reptilian Predators." Diversity 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090355.
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(1) Diffuse competition affects per capita rates of population increase among species that exploit similar resources, and thus can be an important structuring force in ecological communities. Diffuse competition has traditionally been studied within taxonomically similar groups, although distantly related intraguild species are likely also to compete to some degree. (2) We assessed diffuse competition between mammalian and reptilian predators at sites in central Australia over 24 years. Specifically, we investigated the effect of dasyurid marsupial abundance on the diet breadth of three groups of lizards (nocturnal dietary generalists, diurnal dietary generalists and dietary specialists). (3) Nocturnal generalist lizards had progressively narrower diets as dasyurid abundance increased. The diet breadth of diurnal generalist lizards was unaffected by overall dasyurid abundance, but was restricted by that of the largest dasyurid species (Dasycercus blythi). Ant- and termite-specialist lizards were unaffected by dasyurid abundance. (4) Diffuse competition, mediated by interference, between dasyurids and nocturnal generalist lizards appears to have strong effects on these lizards, and is the first such between-class interaction to be described. Diffuse interactions may be widespread in natural communities, and merit further investigation among other disparate taxon groups that occur in the same ecological guilds.
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Corones, Stephen, and Juliet Davis. "Protecting Consumer Privacy and Data Security: Regulatory Challenges and Potential Future Directions." Federal Law Review 45, no. 1 (March 2017): 65–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1704500104.
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This article considers the regulatory problems of online tracking behaviour, lack of consent to data collection, and the security of data collected with or without consent. Since the mid-1990s the United States Federal Trade Commission has been using its power under the United States consumer protection regime to regulate these problems. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), on the other hand, has yet to bring civil or criminal proceedings for online privacy or data security breaches, which indicates a reluctance to employ the Australian Consumer Law (‘ACL’) in this field.1 Recent legislative action instead points to a greater application of the specifically targeted laws under the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) (‘Privacy Act’), and the powers of the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC), to protect consumer privacy and data security. This article contends that while specific legislation setting out, and publicly enforcing, businesses’ legal obligations with respect to online privacy and data protection is an appropriate regulatory response, the ACL's broad, general protections and public and/or private enforcement mechanisms also have a role to play in protecting consumer privacy and data security.
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Round, Kerrie, and Martin P. Shanahan. "From Protection to Competition: The Politics of Trade Practices Reform in Australia and theTrade Practices Act 1965." Australian Journal of Politics & History 58, no. 4 (December 2012): 497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2012.01649.x.
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Watson, Alysson. "The ‘digital death knock’: Australian journalists’ use of social media in reporting everyday tragedy." Australian Journalism Review 44, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00106_7.
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Newspapers regularly publish stories about people who have died suddenly or in unusual circumstances and the effect of these deaths on families and communities. The practice by which a journalist writes such a story is called the ‘death knock’; the journalist seeks out the deceased’s family to interview them for a story about their loss. The death knock is challenging and controversial. It has been criticized as an unethical intrusion on grief and privacy and shown to have negative effects on bereaved people and journalists. It has also been defended as an act of inclusion, giving the bereaved control over stories that may be written anyway, and a form of public service journalism that can have benefits for families, communities and journalists. Traditionally a knock on the door, the death knock is also done via phone and e-mail, and recently, in a practice termed the ‘digital death knock’, using social media. This article reports on the findings of a 2021 survey of Australian journalists and their current death knock practice and it will do this within the framework of research in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. In these countries, journalists are doing the ‘digital death knock’ because of time and competition pressures and available technology; however, this raises ethical concerns about their reproduction of social media material without the permission or knowledge of its owners. This article will discuss the extent to which social media has impacted death knock practice in Australia.
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Sparks, JoAnne, Grace Saw, and Mary Davies. "Mapping the future: 陰陽 (yin yang) career development collaboration." Library Management 35, no. 8/9 (November 10, 2014): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-03-2014-0040.
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Purpose – 陰陽 (yinyáng in Pinyin) is about interconnectedness rather than opposites. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how collaboration connects and strengthens the efforts across the sector and reinforces how the sum of the parts is greater than any one university alone. This paper shares the experience of conducting a collaborative project with three universities. It illustrates the fine balancing act of collaboration (yin) with competition (yang) amongst three of Australia ' s higher education institutions at a national level, with the aim of contributing to the career development of professionals in the fields of library services and eResearch. Design/methodology/approach – Bond University, University of Western Australia and Griffith University have collaborated to develop a career mapping toolkit which builds on an earlier commissioned project completed by Council of Australian IT Directors (CAUDIT) focusing on enterprise information technology roles. This tri-institutional collaborative project reviews in detail the skills, knowledge and abilities of library and eResearch management roles in the respective organisations. Findings – This project has been hugely rewarding for the initial three project partners who worked and collaborated well together, successfully completing project goals within agreed timeframes. Looking forward, career pathing will become more widespread as managers receive the requisite training, take ownership of these activities and grow to fully realise the value and potential of active career management to team performance. Ultimately, the use of the career pathing toolkit will enhance career satisfaction of the individual which in turn will lift the productivity of the organisational unit. Research limitations/implications – To ensure the ongoing viability of the career pathing toolkit, it is necessary to measure its relevance and effectiveness: each institution is confident in adopting/modifying the final product for internal use. This demonstrates confidence in the quality of the work produced by the other collaborators; adoption of the product by institutions which were not part of the initial collaboration; and willingness of another institution (not originally involved) to join the collaborative project and make a contribution. Practical implications – The catalyst for collaboration between the three universities was realised when the authors saw an opportunity to address the important and pressing issue of career and workforce planning as a partnership project. The main objective for collaboration was to achieve a more comprehensive and speedier project outcome. Social implications – This paper shares the outcomes of the project which illustrates the fine balancing act of collaboration (yin) with competition (yang) amongst three of Australia ' s higher education institutions at a national level, with the aim of contributing to the career development of professionals in the fields of library and eResearch. Originality/value – The aim is to develop a toolkit that: catalogues and maps the core professional roles needed in the next two to three years in the respective institutions; and specifies the knowledge and experience required in each core professional area including where there is overlap. In essence, the career map provides a toolkit for identifying the knowledge areas and skills, abilities and competencies required for each core area (organised by career streams) and professional role.
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LIPWORTH, W., W. LEDGER, S. GALLAGHER, I. KARPIN, I. KERRIDGE, C. MAYES, C. MILLS, et al. "Innovation, Commerce and Assisted Reproductive Technology: Opportunities and Challenges." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740589.
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Background: The increasing demand for ART services in Australia has supported the development of a significant number of private sector commercial providers. This sector is innovative and research active, but the effects of commercial influences on research and clinical innovation have not been fully explored. Here we report on the results of a National Health and Medical Research-funded project exploring the views and experiences of professionals working in the ART field. Aims: To elucidate the views and experiences of expert stakeholders regarding research and innovation in the ART sector. Method: We interviewed 31 ART industry stakeholders including medical, nursing, counselling, management and scientific staff, owners/directors, regulators, advocates, and referring clinicians using a standardised semi-structured interview guide. Participants were asked about strengths and weaknesses of the current system and what, if any, reform is necessary. Three team members coded the data for themes relevant to research and innovation and analysed it in accordance with the principles of thematic analysis. Results: There are several positive impacts of commercial forces on research and innovation, including competition, scale, and clinicians’ financial stake in research. Commercialised services can more easily commit to large national, transnational and technology-intensive research projects, and they can translate results rapidly into practice. It is, however, difficult to perform clinical trials in the ART setting and there are incentives to implement interventions in advance of comprehensive evaluation. Clinical innovation is a crucial component of ART practice, but it is hampered by lack of a clear, agreed distinction between innovation, experimentation, and ‘add-on’ treatments; deficiencies in the formal processes used to appraise the outcomes of innovation and challenges of communication and consent. Conclusions: Professionals who have a deep understanding of research and innovation in the ART sector recognise both benefits and harms of its current commercial organisation. To harness the benefits of commercialisation, the ART industry requires a fair, sustainable, coordinated and needs based approach to research funding and a consistent and principled-based approach to clinical innovation.
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K. Callan, Shae, and Jonathan D. Majer. "Impacts of an incursion of African Big-headed Ants, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), in urban bushland in Perth, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 2 (2009): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090102.
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An incursion of the African Big-headed Ant, Pheidole megacephala, has recently been recorded in bushland in Perth, Western Australia. This unexpected discovery prompted an investigation into the effects of the incursion on the native ant assemblages. Extensive pitfall trapping in invaded and non-invaded areas revealed that the incursion had a significant negative impact on ant species richness, diversity and evenness. Approximately 53% of native ant species present in non-invaded bushland were not sampled in areas occupied by P. megacephala, while the remaining species suffered considerable declines in frequency of occurrence. Many of these species perform important ecosystem functions, and their loss was thought to have had serious consequences on the ecosystem. Changes to the prevalence of the various ant Functional Groups indicated major disruptions to the composition of the assemblage as the abundance of P. megacephala increased. Ants that avoided direct competition with P. megacephala, by occupying temperature dependant temporal niches, were more persistent in its presence. Estimates of the ant biomass sampled indicated that the invasive population was larger than that of all other ant species combined by several orders of magnitude. A feeding trial revealed intensified exploitation of food resources in invaded areas, which could have flow-on effects on other invertebrates and plants. Changes to predation, decomposition, and soil amelioration regimes, as well as possible disruptions to ant-plant interactions and invertebrate symbioses resulting from the disappearance of native ant species, were thought to have further eroded the conservation values of the ecosystem.
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Meese, James. "Telecommunications Companies as Digital Broadcasters: The Importance of Net Neutrality in Competitive Markets." Television & New Media 21, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 530–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476419833560.
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This article examines the recent phenomenon of telecommunications companies distributing screen content over-the-top (OTT). It begins by localizing this international trend through an Australian case study and exploring how this process manifests in a relatively competitive telecommunications market. The article reveals that telecommunications companies going OTT contributes to increasing concentration among Australian Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and also raises a series of consumer issues. I go on to argue that the ownership or provision of telecommunications infrastructure must be separated from content distribution and that net neutrality needs to be embedded as a central media policy concern, even in markets with a relatively strong level of competition. However, the article also notes that such policies do not address the long-term profitability of telecommunications companies that are not already vertically integrated, a problem that future research needs to address.
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Crowe, Jonathan, and Barbora Jedličková. "What's Wrong with Cartels?" Federal Law Review 44, no. 3 (September 2016): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1604400303.
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Cartels have a significantly negative impact on economic welfare. Anti-cartel competition law–such as the provisions of pt IV div 1 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth)–tries to tackle this negative impact through civil and criminal remedies. The prohibition of cartels is most commonly justified on economic grounds. However, reference is also often made to broader moral grounds for proscribing cartels–for example, it is commonly stated that cartels are deceptive, unfair or engaged in a form of cheating. This article advances a unified account of the moral status of cartels that integrates both economic and moral factors. It does so by emphasising the relationship of cartel behaviour to the moral duty to promote the common good. Cartels are wrong because they undermine the role of open and competitive markets as a salient response to an important social coordination problem in a way that leads to seriously harmful economic outcomes. This combination of factors supplies a robust justification for both civil and criminal sanctions in appropriate cases, thereby affording a principled foundation for the current framework of cartel regulation in Australia.
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Scott, Paul G. "Unilateral Refusals to Supply and the Essential Facilities Doctrine under New Zealand's Competition Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 49, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v49i3.5329.
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Refusals to supply are one of the types of behaviour that may constitute an illegal act of monopolisation under competition law. As part of United States refusal to supply law the courts developed the essential facilities doctrine. This requires the owner of a facility which is essential to rivals to provide access to that facility. Courts, in particular the United States Supreme Court, have cast doubt on the doctrine and cut back on liability for unilateral refusals to supply. Conversely New Zealand (and Australian) courts have increased liability for refusals to supply. One case, Commerce Commission v Bay of Plenty Electricity Ltd suggested New Zealand has its own essential facilities doctrine. This article discusses and analyses refusals to supply both legally and economically. It compares United States and Australasian law and shows how New Zealand law is tougher on refusals to supply. It argues that New Zealand has its own version of the essential facilities doctrine – albeit for different reasons than the Bay of Plenty Electricity Court suggested. It shows that sound reasons justify this stance.
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Fahey, J., and D. Perks. "LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS IN 2000." APPEA Journal 41, no. 2 (2001): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00054.
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This paper briefly describes a number of legal developments in 2000 which may be of significance to participants in the petroleum exploration and production industry.There has been a number of varied legal developments in this field during the past year, and this paper is not an exhaustive account of all of them. Instead, an attempt has been made to provide an overview of selected developments during 2000 which are noteworthy. With this mind, this paper deals with the following matters:prospective East Timorese independence and the Timor Gap Treaty (focussing on practical arrangements);changes to the work program bidding system;commencement of the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Legislation Amendment Act No 1 2000 (Cth);review of federal and state petroleum (submerged lands) legislation against competition policy principles;commencement of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth);reform of petroleum legislation in South Australia and Queensland; andgreenhouse reforms.In respect of the matters noted above, we have attempted to outline the implications for participants in the petroleum exploration and production industry.
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Lim, Si Jie, Gregory White, Alina Lee, and Yuni Yuningsih. "A longitudinal study of voluntary disclosure quality in the annual reports of innovative firms." Accounting Research Journal 30, no. 01 (May 2, 2017): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-08-2013-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to measure mean voluntary intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) quality score for a sample of Australian Stock Exchange-listed biotechnology firms in the 2003, 2006 and 2010 reporting periods. The aim was to use data for the same companies over the whole period to discover whether the quality of voluntary reporting practice was improving over time, measuring lagged-mean ICD quality score against possible determinants of management disclosure practice. Design/methodology/approach Mean ICD quality score, and associated frequency data, was measured against possible determinants of managers’ disclosure practice. The dependent variable was an 18-item classification of ICD based on Sveiby’s Intangible Assets Monitor (Sveiby, 1997). Data collected from S&P Capital IQ database were used to compare ICD disclosure quality with possible drivers: competition (capital intensity); performance (profit and market returns); monitoring (audit firm and ownership); and control variables (revenue and leverage). Findings Mean voluntary disclosures of internal capital and external capital lower the quality over time using paired sample t-test comparison against 2003 as a base year. The lowest quality disclosure was about human capital, and the highest quality was about internal capital. Individual disclosure items within internal, external and human capital classification showed that internal capital items (intellectual property, corporate culture, management processes and financial relations) and external capital item (customers) were the significant contributors. Investigation of drivers using Spearman’s correlation against lagged ICD data showed that performance (relative market returns) and monitoring (ownership diffusion) were significant drivers of voluntary ICD, both in expected and unexpected ways. Originality/value Voluntary ICD quality and quantity are rarely measured in the same paper. The findings are unique and interesting especially for innovative Australian R&D firms when compared to recent findings for a larger sample of French companies.
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Fisse, Brent. "Redress Facilitation Orders as a Sanction Against Corporations." University of Queensland Law Journal 37, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.38127/uqlj.v37i1.4137.
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The PhD thesis upon which Laura was working before her tragic death sought to resolve the intractable question of whether two key goals of anti-cartel enforcement, namely (a) deterrence and (b) compensation, can be achieved more effectively by integrating their pursuit. The potential capacity of redress facilitation orders both to facilitate compensation and to enhance deterrence is one aspect of that question. This article canvasses the possibility of redress facilitation orders designed to facilitate compensation for loss caused by cartel and other unlawful conduct and at the same time to enhance deterrence. It advances a statutory model for redress facilitation orders under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA). The model advanced is Australian in legislative style but could readily be adapted elsewhere.
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Korah, Valentine. "Access to Essential Facilities under the Commerce Act in the Light of Experience in Australia, the European Union and the United States." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 31, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v31i2.5955.
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Drawing on recent developments in Australian, United Kingdom and United States jurisprudence, Professor Korah casts doubt on the approach recently taken by New Zealand courts in one of the most controversial areas of competition law: the access to its facilities that a corporation in a dominant position must give to its would-be competitors. She argues that before imposing such obligations courts ought to be more sophisticated in assessing the economic effects of such obligations and especially the need to preserve an incentive to make the considerable investment required to create such facilities. Professor Korah was the 1999 Chapman Tripp Fellow. This article is an edited version of a paper presented at the offices of Chapman Tripp during the tenure of the Fellowship.
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Barlow, John W., Andrea J. Curtis, Lorna E. Raggatt, Nicole M. Loidl, Duncan J. Topliss, and Jan R. Stockigt. "Drug competition for intracellular triiodothyronine-binding sites." European Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 4 (April 1994): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1300417.
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Barlow JW, Curtis AJ, Raggatt LE, Loidl NM, Topliss DJ. Stockigt JR. Drug competition for intracellular triiodothyronine-binding sites. Eur J Endocrinol 1944;130:417–21. ISSN 0804–4643 A variety of substances, including frusemide, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can compete for triiodothyronine (T3)-binding sites in serum and at the cell surface. We examined the competitive potency of these agents at intracellular T3-binding sites in order to assess their potential to act as T3 antagonists. Competition for [125I]T3 binding was determined using hydroxyapatite separation in cytosols and nuclear extracts prepared from livers of Macaca fascicularis. The T3 affinities were 15.8 ± 1.2 nmol/l in cytosol and 0.23 ± 0.02 nmol/l in nuclear extract. Does–response curves were analysed by a four-parameter sigmoid curve-fitting program to determine competitor potency. The nineteen agents tested included various NSAIDs, NEFAs, non-bile acid cholephils (NBACs), frusemide, amiodarone and the flavonoid EMD 21388. In nuclear extract the most active competitors were linoleic acid (8.5 μmol/l) and linolenic acid (7.8 μmol/l), Potencies of NSAIDs varied between 66 μmol/l (meclofenamic acid) and 525 μmol/l (diclofenac). In cytosol, NEFAs were less potent but NSAIDs were stronger competitors than in nuclear extract. Half-inhibitory potencies in cytosol were between 13.2 μmol/l (meclofenamic acid) and 63.1 μmol/l (flufenamic acid). The NBAC bromosulphthalein was one of the most potent inhibitors in both cytosol and nuclear extract. When expressed relative to T3, diclofenac was a more effective competitor in cytosol than it was in nuclear extract. Amiodarone and EMD 21388 were without effect both in cytosol and nuclear extract. Frusemide (759 μmol/l) was weakly active in cytosol only. The action of T3 was assessed by measuring secretion of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in Hep-G2 cells. After 3 days with total T3 (0.1 μmol/l), SHBG was 155 ± 15% of the control. Amiodarone (100 μmol/l) and meclofenamic acid (100 μmol/l) were cytotoxic. Bromosulphthalein (10 μmol/l), one of the most potent competitors at both the cytoplasmic and the nuclear level, did not influence the T3-induced rise in SHBG secretion. None of the drugs tested affected the magnitude of maximal induction of SHBG by T3. Substances that compete for serum and cell surface T3-binding sites are also weak competitors for intracellular T3-binding proteins, although the heirarchy of potency differs. Frusemide and diclofenac, with a greater relative potency for cytosolic binding than nuclear binding, may have potential use in investigating the function of cytosolic T3-binding. Amiodarone shows no binding activity and is not a hormone antagonist in primate hepatic tissue. John W Barlow, Ewen Downie Metabolic Unit, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia
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Banal, James. "Helping deep tech founders build in strange shores." MIT Science Policy Review 3 (August 29, 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38105/spr.0tnwlcw5of.
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Immigrant deep tech founders have significantly contributed to the trillion-dollar U.S. economy. Yet, U.S. immigration policies for foreign-born founders remain challenging to navigate. The U.S. may lose to the global competition for deep tech talent in countries like Australia, Canada, Germany, and U.K. where access to entrepreneurship visas are easier to obtain. If the U.S. wants to continue leading the world in deep tech innovation, it can expand immigration policies for foreign-born entrepreneurs to make building startups here more attractive — not only to promote innovation but to support the U.S. economy.
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Longdin, Louise. "Parallel Importing Post Trips: Convergence and Divergence in Australia and New Zealand." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, no. 1 (January 2001): 54–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/50.1.54.
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In a famous act of studied neutrality the framers of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS)1 left nations adhering to the Agreement completely free, in Article 6 of that document, to determine the extent to which they would allow the parallel importation of products affected by intellectual property rights which had been lawfully placed on the market outside the jurisdiction.2 The hands off approach embodied in Article 6 came as no surprise to commentators and TRIPS watchers. What to do about parallel importing has always been an issue which has deeply divided the world's trading nations and continues to be the subject of vigorous debate within them.3 Intellectual property owners and their licensees are uniting across national borders not just to defend historically entrenched advantages but also to portray these advantages as so much a part of the post TRIPS order that their extension (at home as well as abroad) seems both natural and inevitable. Importers and would-be importers outside existing distribution networks not unnaturally remain sceptical of arguments which threaten to replace tariffs and import restrictions with private law barriers to entry, barriers backed by both civil and criminal sanctions. In Australia and New Zealand these self-interested opponents of parallel importing have, in recent years, been joined in their scepticism by competition regulators and policy makers eager to bring to bear on the debate economic insights derived from detailed analyses of the impact of such restrictions both on particular product markets and the national economy as a whole. Increasingly too, the wider consuming public has begun to see that grey markets have charms hitherto invisible behind now removed protectionist walls.
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Kelman, W. M., and R. A. Culvenor. "Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in Phalaris aquatica populations developed by divergent selection for panicle shattering and seed retention." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 7 (2007): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06383.
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Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is a valuable perennial grass for grazing and land-care purposes in south-eastern Australia. Population survival is predominantly by clonal spread, whereas seedling recruitment is limited by low longevity in the seedbank, ant seed harvesting, and competition from other species. We examined the possibility that breeding and selection could alter the seed dispersal pattern of phalaris, and that this change would result in an increase in seedling recruitment under reduced competition created by grazing. Using 3 phalaris populations with contrasting degrees of panicle shattering and seed retention, and the commercial cultivar, Holdfast, seed dispersal, seedling emergence, and plant establishment were followed over 3 years at a field site near Canberra, ACT. In 2 of the years, half the experimental area was grazed intensively by sheep for a 4-day period after seed dispersal in early autumn. Consistent differences in the timing of seed dispersal were demonstrated between the early, free seed dispersal of the panicle shattering/non-seed-retaining population and the more prolonged seed dispersal of the seed-retaining populations. The 2 seed-retaining populations had greater seedling emergence and recruitment than cv. Holdfast, but did not attain emergence or recruitment levels of the non-seed-retaining population, possibly because of poorer seed–soil contact. Averaged over populations, more seedlings emerged in the grazed than in the ungrazed area, but the number of established plants at the end of the experiment was similar in the 2 areas. Emerged seedlings were 1–2% of the seed rain in each season, but the proportion of established plants at the end of the third season was less than 0.1% of the seed rain in the third season and 3–5% of the number of seedlings that emerged in the 2 previous years. Final recruitment levels were 1–4 established plants/m2. The study confirmed that selection in phalaris populations can produce plants with a more prolonged seed dispersal period, and thus greater potential for seedling recruitment than current seed-retaining cultivars The work suggested that recruitment, while low, has a potential role in the persistence of phalaris pastures, but management of the established pasture base remains the most effective means of maintaining population persistence under commercial grazing.
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Brown, Jacqueline M. "Unspoken Indigenous History on the Stage: The Postcolonial Plays of Jack Davis." New Theatre Quarterly 38, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x22000240.
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Literary scholars and linguists have argued extensively that language is not simply a purely representational vehicle of thought but its determining medium, whose ordering powers not only shape cognizance of reality but are also actively involved in processes of imperialism and cultural erasure. It is the determinative yet slippery quality of language, prompting the loss of meaning in attempts at translation, that colonial powers manipulated to violent effect and which, as enacted in the plays of Nyoongah Indigenous Australian playwright Jack Davis, continue to haunt history and the present. This article considers how a history and culture made unspeakable by colonialism through the erasure of Indigenous Australian oral traditions, languages, and historical perspectives is translated on to the Anglophone stage in the plays of Davis, one of the first Indigenous playwrights to be published and performed internationally, and how this was received by the witnessing audience. Davis achieves this theatrical translation not only through the negotiation and manipulation of colonial language and verbatim history alongside Indigenous languages, enacting a kind of linguistic double consciousness, but also through physical theatre and dance. The latter are the central means of communicating meaning and knowledge in Nyoongah culture. Jacqueline M. Brown is a graduate student at Worcester College, University of Oxford, studying for a Master of Studies in English (1900–present). This article received first prize in the 2022 TORCH Reimagining Performance Network Graduate Essay Prize competition run in collaboration between the University of Oxford and New Theatre Quarterly. For more information on the Reimagining Performance Network, see <https://torch.ox.ac.uk/reimagining-performance-network>.
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Vilapakkam Nagarajan, Karthik. "A study of Internet service provider industry stakeholder collaboration in Australia." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 12, no. 3 (August 5, 2014): 245–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-02-2014-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine institutional influences on the customer service (CS) and complaints handling (CH) practices of the Australian Internet industry. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a qualitative research methodology using semi-structured interview as a research method. The study was informed by constructivist/interpretive research paradigm approaches to knowledge. Eleven senior executives from key Internet industry stakeholder organizations were interviewed. Findings – Using the neo-institutional theory lens, this study found that the institutional forces (regulatory, customer and competition pressures) played a pivotal role in bringing all Internet industry stakeholders together to address CS/CH shortcomings in the old Telecommunications Consumer Protection (TCP) Code 2007. This led to significant changes to the CS/CH practices detailed in the revised TCP Code 2012. The study findings revealed that frequent and fateful collaborations between central institutional actors have led to the emergence of organizational fields. The actors identified in the emerging organizational fields actively influence the CS/CH practices and the subsequent implementation of the practices in vLISPs. Research limitations/implications – The study focused on the functional aspects of service quality (SQ). Technical aspects of SQ is equally important, and future research needs to consider both aspects of SQ when assessing overall performance of vLISPs. Practical implications – The study findings encourage vLISP managers to continue collaboration with external stakeholders and develop customer-friendly practices that deliver desirable CS/CH outcomes. Social implications – The study findings revealed that when all vLISP industry stakeholders collaborate with each other on a focal issue, there is noticeable progress towards development of CS practices that will contribute to a better CS experience. Originality/value – An evidence-based approach was used towards understanding and explaining how and why institutional actors of technology-based service organizations act together. A significant contribution arising from this study is the identification and discussion of emerging organizational fields comprising the central actors in the Internet industry. These emerging organizational fields have the potential to develop into mature organizational fields and inform future CS/CH practices and consumer protection policies in the Australian Internet industry.