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Journal articles on the topic 'Arsenid inditý'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sinha, B., and K. Bhattacharyya. "Arsenic speciation in rice and risk assessment of inorganic arsenic from Ghentugachhi village of Chakdaha block, Nadia, West Bengal, India." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.2.1.

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The purpose of the present study was to assess arsenic (As) speciation in rice from West Bengal, India, in order to improve understanding of the health risk posed by arsenic in Indian rice. Rice is a potentially important route of human exposure to arsenic, especially in populations with rice-based diets. However, arsenic toxicity varies greatly with species. Determination of arsenic (As) species in rice is necessary because inorganic As species are more toxic than organic As. Total arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethyarsinic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The analysis of a rice flour certified reference material (SRM-1568-a) were evaluated for quality assurance. The use of 2M TFA for extraction with an isocratic mobile phase was optimized for extraction and employed for arsenic speciation in rice. The extraction method showed a high recovery of arsenic. Most of the As species in rice were noticed to be inorganic [Arsenite (As-III), Arsenate As-V]. It appeared very clear from the present study that inorganic arsenic shared maximum arsenic load in rice straw while in grains it is considerably low. As species recovered from rice grain and straw are principally As-III and As-V with a little share of DMA and almost non-detectable MMA and As-B. The order of As species in rice grain revealed in this study were As-III (54.5-65.4 %)>As-V(21.2-28.3%)>DMA(5.2%).

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2

Natarajan, K. A. "Microbial Aspects of Acid Generation and Bioremediation with Relevance to Indian Mining." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.645.

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The role of Acidithiobacillus group of bacteria in acid generation and heavy metal dissolution was studied with relevance to some Indian mines. Microorganisms implicated in acid generation such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans were isolated from abandoned mines, waste rocks and tailing dumps. Arsenite oxidizing Thiomonas and Bacillus group of bacteria were isolated and their ability to oxidize As (III) to As (V) established. Mine isolated Sulfate reducing bacteria were used to remove dissolved copper, zinc, iron and arsenic from solutions.

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3

RUANGWISES, SUTHEP, and NONGLUCK RUANGWISES. "Concentrations of Total and Inorganic Arsenic in Fresh Fish, Mollusks, and Crustaceans from the Gulf of Thailand." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-445.

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Concentrations of total and inorganic arsenic were determined in 120 samples of eight marine animals collected from the Gulf of Thailand between March and May 2008. Two species with the highest annual catch from each of four marine animal groups were analyzed: fish (Indo-Pacific mackerel and goldstripe sardine), bivalves (green mussel and blood cockle), cephalopods (pharaoh cuttlefish and Indian squid), and crustaceans (banana prawn and swimming crab). Concentrations of inorganic arsenic based on wet weight ranged from 0.012 μg/g in Indian squids to 0.603 μg/g in blood cockles. Average percentages of inorganic arsenic with respect to total arsenic ranged from 1.2% in banana prawns to 7.3% in blood cockles. Blood cockles also exhibited the highest levels of total arsenic (5.26 ± 2.01 μg/g) and inorganic arsenic (0.352 ± 0.148 μg/g). The levels of inorganic arsenic in the study samples were much lower than the Thai regulatory limit of 2 μg/g (wet wt) and hence are safe for human consumption.

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4

Thakur, Sapna, Shruti Choudhary, Preeti Dubey, and Pankaj Bhardwaj. "Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the reprogramming of gene networks under arsenic stress in Indian mustard." Genome 62, no. 12 (December 2019): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0152.

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Arsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid that is classified as a class I carcinogen known to cause adverse health effects in humans. In the present study, we investigated arsenic accumulation potential and comparative gene expression in Indian mustard. The amount of arsenic accumulated in shoots varied in the range of 15.99–1138.70 mg/kg on a dry weight basis among five cultivars. Comparative expression analysis revealed 10 870 significantly differentially expressed genes mostly belonging to response to stress, metabolic processes, signal transduction, transporter activity, and transcription regulator activity to be up-regulated, while most of the genes involved in photosynthesis, developmental processes, and cell growth were found to be down-regulated in arsenic-treated tissues. Further, pathway analysis using the KEGG Automated Annotation server (KAAS) revealed a large-scale reprogramming of genes involved in genetic and environmental information processing pathways. Top pathways with maximum KEGG orthology hits included carbon metabolism (2.5%), biosynthesis of amino acids (2.1%), plant hormone signal transduction (1.4%), and glutathione metabolism (0.6%). A transcriptomic investigation to understand the arsenic accumulation and detoxification in Indian mustard will not only help to improve its phytoremediation efficiency but also add to the control measures required to check bioaccumulation of arsenic in the food chain.

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5

Hossain, M. Amir, Amitava Mukharjee, Mrinal Kumar Sengupta, Sad Ahamed, Bhaskar Das, Bishwajit Nayak, Arup Pal, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, and Dipankar Chakraborti. "Million Dollar Arsenic Removal Plants in West Bengal, India: Useful or Not?" Water Quality Research Journal 41, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2006.025.

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Abstract The effectiveness of arsenic removal plants (ARPs) to provide safe water was evaluated based on a study of 577 ARPs out of 1900 installed in 5 arsenic-affected districts of West Bengal, India. Out of 577, 145 (25.1%) were found in defunct condition. Both raw and filtered water from 305 ARPs were analyzed for total arsenic concentration. Forty-eight ARPs were installed despite raw water arsenic concentrations below the Indian standard (50 µg/L) and in 22 cases even below the WHO guideline value (10 µg/L). Among the 264 ARPs having raw water arsenic above 50 µg/L, 140 (53.1%) and 73 (27.7%) failed to remove arsenic below the WHO guideline value and Indian standard, respectively. The highest arsenic concentration in treated water was 705 µg/L. Analysis of 217 treated water samples for iron showed that 175 (80.6%) failed to remove iron below 300 µg/L. The treated water became coloured on standing 6 to 8 h, for 191 (44.2%) ARPs and 25 (5.8%) produced bad-odoured water. Overall, the study showed that 475 (82.3%) of the ARPs were not useful. The reasons for ineffectiveness and poor performance of these ARPs include improper maintenance, sand gushing problems, a lack of user-friendliness and absence of community participation. A comparative study of ARPs in two different blocks (Domkol in Murshidabad district and Swarupnagar in North 24 Parganas) showed that 39 (80%) and 38 (95%) ARPs, respectively, were not useful. Further study in Gram Panchayet Kolsur, Deganga block, North 24 Parganas, showed that 14 (87.5%) ARPs were not useful. Proper watershed management with active participation from the villagers is urgently required for successful mitigation.

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6

Rong, Hua, Hou Shugui, Li Yuansheng, Pang Hongxi, Paul Mayewski, Sharon Sneed, An Chunlei, and Michael Handley. "Arsenic record from a 3 m snow pit at Dome Argus, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 28, no. 4 (March 18, 2016): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102016000092.

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AbstractThis study presents an arsenic concentration time series from 1964–2009 at Dome Argus, Antarctica. The data show a very large increase in arsenic concentration from the mid-1980s to the late-1990s (by a factor of~22) compared with the values before the mid-1980s. This increase is likely to be related to the increased copper smelting in South America. Arsenic concentration then decreased in the late-1990s, most probably as a result of environmental regulations in South America. The sudden increase in arsenic concentration observed at Dome Argus coincides with similar increases observed at Dome Fuji and in Antarctica Ice Core-6 (IC-6) at the same time, suggesting that arsenic pollution during the period from the mid-1980s to the late-1990s was a regional phenomenon in Antarctica. Investigations of arsenic concentrations at these three Antarctic locations show that, during this time, regional arsenic distribution followed dust transport pathways associated with general climate models with South America as a major source region for the half of Antarctica facing the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

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7

Islam, M. N., B. K. Das, and M. E. Huque. "Arsenic Accumulation in Common Vegetables from Irrigation." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 3 (August 29, 2012): 675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.10494.

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Arsenic-accumulation pattern in eight types of vegetables commonly found in Bangladesh were studied using successive irrigation/harvesting technique. The study also included to find the threshold amount of arsenic that leads to exceed the maximum permissible limit (MPL) in those vegetables and several water-soil-plant arsenic concentration models. Total arsenic concentrations were measured by Hydride GenerationAtomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HG-AAS) technique. Arsenic-accumulation decreased in the order: Arum > Arum leaf > Amaranth > Brinjal > Radish > Indian Spinach > Carrot > Okra. A single harvesting of 10 irrigations with water (3.0 L/irrigation) having arsenic concentrations of ?0.45 mg L-1 to 0.071 m2 area (equivalent to 1.89 kg As ha-1) exceeded the MPL in vegetables (1 mg kg-1, wet weight). The concentration of accumulated arsenic in the vegetables increased linearly with time and exponentially with successive harvesting. Regression analyses showed that arsenic concentration in vegetables was positively correlated with that of irrigation water and soil (r = 0.796 for both cases).© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.10494 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 675-688 (2012)

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8

Pal, Dilip K., Akash Agrawal, Sabnam Ghosh, and Amlan Ghosh. "Association of arsenic with recurrence of urinary bladder cancer." Tropical Doctor 50, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475520930155.

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Arsenic is known to be an important aetiological factor for the development of urinary bladder cancer. It is known to be found excessively in ground water in certain geographical areas, including West Bengal. We have studied patients with recurrent bladder cancer from different areas of this Indian state and correlated arsenic as a causative aetiological factor for development and aggressiveness of the biological behaviour of urinary cancer. We included 31 patients from various parts of West Bengal state with recurrent bladder cancer who were operated in our institute. Their clinical and residential data and their arsenic content of tumour tissue were measured. Statistical analysis was performed to test the association of tissue arsenic with clinicopathological features of recurrent disease. We found very high levels of arsenic in tumour tissue in all residents of the districts with high prevalence of arsenic in the drinking water. We also observed more aggressive clinicopathological progression and early recurrence in patients with high arsenic content. We conclude that arsenic is a causal factor in the clinicopathological progression of recurrent urinary bladder cancer. Measures to decrease the level of arsenic in drinking water should be taken as this may both improve clinicopathological outcomes in the recurrence of urinary bladder carcinoma, as well as reducing its overall incidence.

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9

Kumar, Munesh, Rajesh Thakur, and Sandeep Kumar. "Comparative Efficacy of Syzygium Cumini Seed Extracts in Alleviating Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Blood Cell Genotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats." Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 1329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1761.

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Syzygium cumini is well known for its medicinal values in the indigenous Indian system of medicine. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of methanolic (SCM), ethanolic (SCE) and aqueous (SCA) extracts of Syzygium cumini seeds on arsenic-induced blood cell genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) arsenic, (3) SCM, (4) SCE and (5) SCA. After completion of 60 days treatment period, comet assays were performed on isolated blood lymphocytes and serum marker assays indicative of hepatic toxicity were carried out. Arsenic exposed rats expressed significantly higher DNA damage in their lymphocytes than the unexposed rats. Increased activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and decreased levels of total proteins were observed in arsenic exposed rats. Simultaneous administration of Syzygium cumini seed extracts significantly decreased the arsenic-induced DNA damage and hepatotoxicity. The amelioration of arsenic toxicity was more pronounced with methanolic extract compared to ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Syzygium cumini seeds.

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10

Valappil, Ashraf V., and Abraham Mammen. "Subacute Arsenic Neuropathy: Clinical and Electrophysiological Observations." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 10, no. 03 (July 2019): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695693.

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AbstractWe report a patient who developed subacute peripheral neuropathy following ingestion of a traditional medicine for obesity. A 9-year-old girl who had a residual equinus varus deformity and sphincter disturbance due to pelvic ganglioneuroma presented with subacute sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy of 2 weeks duration. Her symptoms started 3 weeks after she started taking a locally made traditional medicine for obesity. She had no other systemic features of arsenic toxicity. She had Mee's lines on her nails and high serum arsenic levels and 24-hour urine levels confirmed the diagnosis of arsenic neuropathy. Nerve conduction study on admission demonstrated axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with slowed conduction velocity. She was not given any specific treatment and recovery was slow. At 18 months, she showed complete recovery and electrodiagnostic parameters returned to normal values. Arsenic is a known ingredient of many Indian ethnic remedies and possibility of arsenic neuropathy should be thought of in patients presenting with acute or sub-acute peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology.

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11

Khan, Saif Ullah, Izharul Haq Farooqi, Muhammad Usman, and Farrukh Basheer. "Energy Efficient Rapid Removal of Arsenic in an Electrocoagulation Reactor with Hybrid Fe/Al Electrodes: Process Optimization Using CCD and Kinetic Modeling." Water 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102876.

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Threats due to insufficient, inadequate and costlier methods of treating contaminants such as arsenic have emphasized the significance of optimizing and managing the processes adopted. This study was aimed at the complete elimination of arsenic from an aqueous medium with minimum energy consumption using the electrocoagulation process. Arsenic removal around 95% was rapidly attained for optimized conditions having a pH of 7, 0.46 A current intensity, 10 mg/L initial concentration and only 2 min of applied time duration using the energy of 3.1 watt-hour per gram of arsenic removed. Low values of applied current for longer durations resulted in the complete removal of arsenic with low energy consumption. Various hydroxide complexes including ferrous hydroxide and ferric hydroxide assisted in the removal of arsenic by adsorption along with co-precipitation. Surface models obtained were checked and found with a reasonably good fit having high values of coefficient of determination of 0.933 and 0.980 for removal efficiency and energy consumption, respectively. Adsorption was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Multivariate optimization proved it as a low-cost effective technology having an operational cost of 0.0974 Indian rupees (equivalent to USD 0.0013) per gram removal of arsenic. Overall, the process was well optimized using CCD based on response surface methodology.

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12

DEBNATH, MANOJIT, TARKESHWAR SINGH, and PUNYASLOKE BHADURY. "New records of Cyanobacterial morphotypes with Leptolyngbya indica sp. nov. from terrestrial biofilms of the Lower Gangetic Plain, India." Phytotaxa 316, no. 2 (August 4, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.2.1.

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Macroscopic cyanobacterial biofilms were collected from alluvial plain soils and estuarine mangrove soils representing the Lower Gangetic Plains of South East Asia (India). The composition of the biofilms was investigated using light microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy of collected samples. In this study four simple trichal non-heterocytous morphotypes were found to be unique. Out of four, three morphotypes clearly showed differences with respect to described taxa as based on most recent taxonomic classification and possibly represent new report from the Indian subcontinent. One morphotype was successfully established under culture conditions and described as Leptolyngbya indica sp. nov. isolated from the alluvial arsenic affected rice field soil. This study provides vital information on morphotypic diversity of Cyanobacteria from specific biotopes which can contribute key information on their biogeography and potential application in green remediation.

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13

Galenko, M. S., I. V. Gravel, N. Yu Velts, and R. N. Alyautdin. "Limits for the Content of Heavy Metals and Arsenic as a Means of Ensuring Safe Use of Herbal Medicinal Products." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-2-61-68.

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Herbal medicinal products (HMPs) are widely used in medical practice due to their availability, ease of use, and relatively safe pharmacological proﬁle. However, medicinal plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals and arsenic which can have toxic eﬀect on the human body when found in HMPs. The aim of the study was to summarise and analyse requirements of the Russian and foreign pharmacopoeias for the limits of heavy metals and arsenic in HMPs. National and regional pharmacopoeias have limits for the content of the major toxic elements (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic) in HMPs. The study showed that the Indian and Japanese pharmacopoeias include only semi-quantitative methods for determination of heavy metals and arsenic, while the Russian and Chinese pharmacopoeias allow for the use of both quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. It was demonstrated that the limits for heavy metals and arsenic are the same for herbal substances and HMPs. The development of consistent approaches to determination of heavy metals and arsenic content, a systematic transition to quantitative methods of analysis, and establishment of individual limits for toxic elements in diﬀerent HMP dosage forms, will make it possible to achieve the so-called consistent harmonisation, ensure reliable assessment of the content of heavy metals and arsenic, and minimize the risk of their entering human body with HMPs.

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14

Mukhopadhyay Sr., A., S. Das, S. Dey, R. Choudhury, R. Ahmed, P. Gupta, A. Dhara, S. Chakraborty, B. Halder, and S. Mukhopadhyay. "Arsenic trioxide for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome: An experience from India." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 13156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13156.

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13156 Background: Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of clonal diseases of the haematopoietic stem cells. The hallmark of the disease is ineffective haematopoiesis characterized by dysplasia with incomplete maturation and progressive increase in the percentage of myeloblast. No standard treatment is currently available for MDS. The early clinical experience has confirmed the activity of arsenic trioxide in MDS. The drug is able to induce differentiation and apoptosis and to inhibit cell proliferation or angiogenesis. It has the potential to be active in tumour models in MDS. The preliminary result of ongoing studies conducted in patients with MDS suggests that arsenic trioxide produces haematological improvement including durable transfusion independence in 30% of patients. The aim of our study was to see the response of MDS with arsenic trioxide and to see the toxicity profile of arsenic trioxide in Asian Indian population. Methods: During period from July 2005 to December 2005 we selected consecutive 10 patients of MDS in Refractory Anaemia, Refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts, Refractory anaemia with blast excess, Refractory anaemia with blast excess in transformations and chronic myelo monocytic leukemia phases. All patients had performance status more than 60%, some karyotypic abnormalities & in cytopenic phase. Median age of the patients 65 years (range 42 to 70 years). All patients were treated with arsenic trioxide 10mg (Alkem/India) daily for 2 hours infusion 28 days. In 15 days interval 3 courses were repeated. Response assessments were done by haematological, cytogenetic & quality of life assessment. All patients were evaluated after 3 courses of arsenic trioxide. Result: Sixty percent (6 patients) patients had shown major haematological response, forty percent minor & twenty percent has major cytogenetic response. Twenty percent of the patients has disease progression where as 20% has stable disease. The only mild adverse effects were seen in forms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain & dermatitis in 30% of patients. Only one patient (10%) had QT prolongation in ECG. Conclusion: We concluded that arsenic trioxide is very useful drug in myelodysplastic syndrome. It is also well tolerated in Asian Indian Population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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15

Muzi, Giacomo, Marco dell’Omo, Gabriella Madeo, Giuseppe Abbritti, and Sergio Caroli. "Arsenic poisoning caused by Indian ethnic remedies." Journal of Pediatrics 139, no. 1 (July 2001): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.116607.

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16

Narang, A. P. S., L. S. Chawla, and S. B. Khurana. "Levels of arsenic in Indian opium eaters." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 20, no. 2 (November 1987): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(87)90064-0.

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17

Saidalavi, Rehna, Hashim A., Kishor Kumar B., Leena Pramod K., and Prabhakar Adake. "Analysis of lead and arsenic in cosmetics and assessment of students awareness about cosmetic toxicity." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172235.

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Background: Many people believe that all cosmetics are safe but there are number of studies proving that majority of the cosmetics contains heavy metals or other chemicals. In this study we selected two heavy metals arsenic and lead because as per the Indian scenario is concerned most of the Hindu and Muslim females uses lead/arsenic based cosmetics.Methods: For the qualitative/quantitative estimation to detect heavy metals such as arsenic and lead in cosmetics, 20 different types of cosmetics were purchased from local market, labelled and analysed by qualitative test for heavy metals method and ICP-AES Analysis of cosmetics method.Results: A questionnaire was framed out in English and analysis showed that students had an adverse effect while using cosmetic products. Preliminary analysis of some samples gave positive results and for confirmation these samples were sent to IIT Bombay for ICP-AES analysis. Some of the samples showed variable level of heavy metals such as lead and arsenic. Highest concentration of lead and arsenic was found in Surma followed by Sindoor, lip balm and Kajal.Conclusions: Heavy metals are one of the major contaminant in our eco system. Apart from this a number of cosmetic products also contain the same. Chronic use of this kind of cosmetic products will leads heavy metal toxicity.

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18

Banerjee, Aparna, Shrabana Sarkar, Sourav Gorai, Ashutosh Kabiraj, and Rajib Bandopadhyay. "High arsenic tolerance in Brevundimonas aurantiaca PFAB1 from an arsenic-rich Indian hot spring." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 53 (September 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.05.006.

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19

Pickering, Ingrid J., Roger C. Prince, Martin J. George, Robert D. Smith, Graham N. George, and David E. Salt. "Reduction and Coordination of Arsenic in Indian Mustard." Plant Physiology 122, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.122.4.1171.

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20

Deb, Debasree, Anirban Biswas, Aloke Ghose, Arabinda Das, Kunal K. Majumdar, and Debendra N. Guha Mazumder. "Nutritional deficiency and arsenical manifestations: a perspective study in an arsenic-endemic region of West Bengal, India." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 9 (November 27, 2012): 1644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004697.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether nutritional deficiency increases susceptibility to arsenic-related health effects.DesignAssessment of nutrition was based on a 24 h recall method of all dietary constituents.SettingEpidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in an arsenic-endemic area of West Bengal with groundwater arsenic contamination.SubjectsThe study was composed of two groups – Group 1 (cases,n108) exhibiting skin lesions and Group 2 (exposed controls,n100) not exhibiting skin lesions – age- and sex-matched and having similar arsenic exposure through drinking water and arsenic levels in urine and hair.ResultsBoth groups belonged to low socio-economic strata (Group 1 significantly poorer,P< 0·01) and had low BMI (prevalence of BMI < 18·5 kg/m2: in 38 % in Group 1 and 27 % in Group 2). Energy intake was below the Recommended Daily Allowance (set by the Indian Council of Medical Research) in males and females in both groups. Increased risk of arsenical skin lesions was found for those in the lowest quintile of protein intake (v. highest quintile: OR = 4·60, 95 % CI 1·36, 15·50 in males; OR = 5·62, 95 % CI 1·19, 34·57 in females). Significantly lower intakes of energy, protein, thiamin, niacin, Mg, Zn and choline were observed in both males and females of Group 1 compared with Group 2. Significantly lower intakes of carbohydrate, riboflavin, niacin and Cu were also observed in female cases with skin lesions compared with non-cases.ConclusionsDeficiencies of Zn, Mg and Cu, in addition to protein, B vitamins and choline, are found to be associated with arsenical skin lesions in West Bengal.

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21

Koch, Iris, Maeve Moriarty, Kim House, Jie Sui, William R. Cullen, Robert B. Saper, and Kenneth J. Reimer. "Bioaccessibility of lead and arsenic in traditional Indian medicines." Science of The Total Environment 409, no. 21 (October 2011): 4545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.059.

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22

Ansari, Mohd Kafeel Ahmad, Hong-Bo Shao, Shahid Umar, Altaf Ahmad, Shahid Hussain Ansari, Muhammad Iqbal, and Gary Owens. "Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic-Contaminated Soils." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 41, no. 2 (November 21, 2012): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201100752.

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Ansari, Mohd Kafeel Ahmad, Shahid Umar, Altaf Ahmad, Shahid Hussain Ansari, Muhammad Iqbal, Gary Owens, and Hong-Bo Shao. "Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic-Contaminated Soils." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 41, no. 3 (March 2013): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201390006.

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Kew, J., C. Morris, A. Aihie, R. Fysh, S. Jones, and D. Brooks. "Arsenic and mercury intoxication due to Indian ethnic remedies." BMJ 306, no. 6876 (February 20, 1993): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6876.506.

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25

Mistry, Dinshaw, and Sumit Ganguly. "The US-India Nuclear Pact: A Good Deal." Current History 105, no. 694 (November 1, 2006): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2006.105.694.375.

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Stronger us-India strategic ties resulting from the pact would lessen India's need to greatly expand its nuclear arsenal and would bind Indian governments more firmly to norms against nuclear testing.

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JOSEPH, DAISY, VARSHA SABLE, and D. C. KOTHARI. "DETERMINATION OF MERCURY AND ARSENIC CONTENT IN A FEW INDIAN AYURVEDIC MEDICINES BY MEANS OF ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (EDXRF)." International Journal of PIXE 19, no. 01n02 (January 2009): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083509001771.

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Elemental concentrations in some herbal medical products, produced by different ayurvedic pharmacies in India, were determined using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF). All the eight products, which were studied, contained mercury, and four out of the eight products contained arsenic in varied amounts. Daily mercury and arsenic intakes by the patients taking these products, determined from the doses prescribed by the manufacturers, exceeded the recommendations by WHO. The present work does not argue on the toxicity of heavy metals in drugs but gives information about the presence of heavy metals at levels more than the required recommendations by various health regulatory bodies. This level of As and Hg calls for caution as far as their safe intake is concerned.

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Das, Indranil, Koushik Ghosh, D. K. Das, and S. K. Sanyal. "Transport of arsenic in some affected soils of Indian subtropics." Soil Research 52, no. 8 (2014): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14111.

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An experiment on transport of aqueous arsenic (As) from both affected and unaffected soils of West Bengal, India, was conducted with the help of double-chambered columns in the laboratory. In the vertical column study, the sigmoid shape of breakthrough curves (BTCs) suggests hydrodynamic dispersion, whereas the inflexion of BTCs at a much lesser relative concentration indicates retention of As in the affected soils. In the horizontal column study, the affected soils showed lower mechanical filtration capacity and solute permeability and higher reflection coefficient, indicating greater As retention in these soils. The frictional coefficients for soil-water solute derived from the horizontal flow also indicate As retention by the affected soils. The As retention capacity of these soils was attributed to the greater clay content, illitic minerals, organic matter, specific surface area, and amorphous iron and aluminium content.

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Priyadarshini, S., H. Vetha Merlin Kumari, S. Mohan, and R. Meenakumari. "STANDARDIZATION OF PULIYAARAI NEI: A SIDDHA POLY HERBAL FORMULATION." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1105172.

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Siddha is one of the Indian systems of medicine which is widely practiced in Tamil Nadu, India. Siddha insists to lead a healthy life both physically and mentally. Siddhars have classified 4448 disease, based on the three humoral pathologies. Among them Ratha Moolam (Bleeding piles) is classified under Eruvaimulainoi. Puliyaarai Nei has indication for Ratha Moolam (Bleeding piles) as per siddha text Aathmaratchamirthamennumvaithiyasaarasangiragam (siddha vaithiyathinaathinool). The drug is prepared as per the method mentioned in the Siddha literature. Drug standardization of herbal formulations is essential for their acceptance in this scientific medical world. In this article Physicochemical, Phytochemical, biochemical analysis and other standardization methods of one such polyherbal medicated ghee Puliyaarai nei are discussed. The organoleptic characteristics, pH, Iodine number, Saponification value, Peroxidase value, Acid value were studied. The Qualitative study was done in biochemistry and the results are as follows, puliyaarai nei showed the Presence of carbonate, aluminium, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, mercury, starch, arsenic and alkaloid. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done for the presence of flavonoids, steroids and betacyanin. HPTLC finger printing, Heavy metal analysis, Pesticide residues, Microbial contamination were studied as per the Pharmacopoeial laboratory standards of Indian medicine. In results, it was found that the specified drug was containing various phytochemicals and is free from microbial contamination, and pesticide residues. The heavy metals such as Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium and Lead are not detected.

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Javed, Danish, Ashish Kumar Dixit, and Himanshi Vats. "Review of Published Case Reports of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis with Search of Therapeutic Potential in Ayurveda and Homeopathy." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210817.

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Background and Objectives: Infection with COVID-19 has been linked to fungal diseases. The sudden increase in mucormycosis cases has sparked the scientific community interest. In this review, we attempted to investigate the role of Ayurveda and Homoeopathy in the treatment of mucormycosis. Methodology: The research was carried out in three stages; first step, studies on COVID-19 and mucormycosis were searched on various databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar until May 21, 2021, second step was to search authentic Ayurvedic and Homeopathic text books for the context of mucormycosis and symptoms were repertorised to find homeopathic medicines and finally, in the last step, findings were analysed and concluded in order to arrive at a factual solution. Result: We found total 16 search results from bio-medical databases of which 14 articles were included. Except source books, no studies with respect to Ayurveda and Homoeopathy were found in above databases. In Ayurveda, Rajyakshama and krimijshirorog has close similarity to COVID associated mucormycosis. Vrinhana, vata-pitta nashakmadhuraushadhi, gritpaan,dugdha, nasya, dhum, kawal, gandush, mriduvirechan may be beneficial along with immune boosting drugs like ashawagandha, giloya, tulsi, vidanga etc. Rhino-orbito-cerbral mucormycosis (ROCM) can be treated with Arsenic album, Kali bichromicum, and Merc solubilis, while pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) with Arsenic album, Phosphorus and Acalypha indica. Similarly, gastrointestinal mucormycosis (GM) and cutaneous mucormycosis (CM) can be combated with Arsenic album, Lachesis, Merc Corrosivus etc. and Anthracinum, Arsenic album, Lachesis, Sulphur, Secale cornutum, and so on in Homoeopathy. Conclusion: In the absence of rigorous trials, the review results found no conclusive comment on the efficacy of CAM in mucormycosis, but anecdotal evidence suggests in favour. To demonstrate its role, rigorous, exploratory, pilot, randomised control trials should be conducted in the future, either alone or as an add-on. Key words: COVID-19; Mucormycosis; Black Fungus; Post-COVID-19 care; Rehabilitation; Ayurveda; Homoeopathy.

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Chakraborti, D. "Arsenic calamity in the Indian subcontinent What lessons have been learned?" Talanta 58, no. 1 (August 16, 2002): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(02)00270-9.

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Somer, M., K. Peters, E. M. Peters, and H. G. von Schnering. "Crystal structure of dipotassium sodium catena-di-μ-arsenido-indate, K2NaInAs2." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 195, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1991.195.1-2.97.

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Artus, Nancy N. "Arsenic and Cadmium Phytoextraction Potential of Crambe Compared with Indian Mustard." Journal of Plant Nutrition 29, no. 4 (May 2006): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160600564444.

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Khan, Ishrat, Altaf Ahmad, and Muhammad Iqbal. "Modulation of antioxidant defence system for arsenic detoxification in Indian mustard." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72, no. 2 (February 2009): 626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.11.016.

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34

Dhaware, Dhanashri, Aditi Deshpande, R. N. Khandekar, and Rohini Chowgule. "Determination of Toxic Metals in Indian Smokeless Tobacco Products." Scientific World JOURNAL 9 (2009): 1140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.132.

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This study targets the lesser-known ingredients of smokeless tobacco products, i.e., the toxic metals, in Indian brands. The metals selected in the study included lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se). The differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique was used for estimating the metals Pb, Cd, and Cu; square wave voltammetry for As; and the cold vapor atomic absorption technique for Hg. The resulting levels of the metals were compared to the daily consumption of the smokeless tobacco products. It was observed that almost 30% of gutkha brand samples exceeded the permissible levels of metals Pb and Cu, when compared to the provisional tolerable intake limits determined by the FAO/WHO. The reliability of data was assured by analyzing standard reference materials.

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35

Coroleu, Alejandro. "Beyond Europe, beyond the Renaissance, beyond the Vernacular." Journal of Latin Cosmopolitanism and European Literatures, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/jolcel.v2i0.11556.

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This contribution is the response piece to a larger dialogue of three articles that form the second issue of JOLCEL. The other contributions are “From the Epistolae et Evangelia (c. 1540) to the Espejo divino (1607): Indian Latinists and Nahuatl religious literature at the College of Tlatelolco” by Andrew Laird (pp. 2-28), “Latinidad, tradición clásica y nova ratio en el Imperial Colegio de la Santa Cruz de Santiago Tlatelolco” by Heréndira Téllez Nieto (pp. 30-55) and “Nordic Gods in Classical Dress: De diis arctois by C. G. Brunius” by Arsenii Vetushko-Kalevich (pp. 57-71).

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Rai, Archana Neeraj, Sudhakar Srivastava, Radhakrishna Paladi, and Penna Suprasanna. "Calcium supplementation modulates arsenic-induced alterations and augments arsenic accumulation in callus cultures of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.)." Protoplasma 249, no. 3 (September 8, 2011): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0316-z.

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37

Ghorbani, Abazar, Mahdi Tafteh, Nasim Roudbari, Leila Pishkar, Wenying Zhang, and Chu Wu. "Piriformospora indica augments arsenic tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) by immobilizing arsenic in roots and improving iron translocation to shoots." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 209 (February 2021): 111793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111793.

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Pandey, Vimal Chandra, Jay Shankar Singh, Rana P. Singh, Nandita Singh, and M. Yunus. "Arsenic hazards in coal fly ash and its fate in Indian scenario." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 55, no. 9-10 (July 2011): 819–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.04.005.

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Powers, Martha, Tiffany R. Sanchez, Maria Grau-Perez, Fawn Yeh, Kevin Francesconi, Walter Goessler, Christine M. George, et al. "Low-to-Moderate Arsenic Exposure and Respiratory Health in American Indian Communities." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 15, Supplement_2 (April 2018): S128—S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201708-636mg.

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Carroll, Clint R., Carolyn Noonan, Eva M. Garroutte, Ana Navas-Acien, Steven P. Verney, and Dedra Buchwald. "Low-level inorganic arsenic exposure and neuropsychological functioning in American Indian elders." Environmental Research 156 (July 2017): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.018.

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Nahar, MK, SA Lisa, K. Nada, and M. Begum. "Characterization of seed kernel oil of Bangladeshi mango and its evaluation as cosmetic ingredient." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 52, no. 1 (April 8, 2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v52i1.32079.

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The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, aflatoxin contamination and heavy metals of extracted mango kernel oils of four Bangladeshi varieties (Langra, Gopalbhog, Khirshapat & Amrupaly) were studied. The results were compared with published values of CIR expert panel, Indian Standard of Mango Kernel Fat, Scientific Commission of the European Community and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The estimated values of aflatoxin B1and total aflatoxins were 1.45809 ppb and 5.14761ppb respectively which were lower than the limit levels of European Community (2 ppb for aflatoxin B1) and US FDA (20ppb for total aflatoxins value). Heavy metals like arsenic & lead concentration were found 0.034 & 0.45 ppm respectively which were lower than the value of Indian Standard of Mango Kernel Fat; 9231 (1979) (0.5 & 5.0 ppm respectively). In fatty acid composition; palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were within the range of CIR expert panel reported values.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 43-48, 2017

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Gautam, Arti, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, and Rama Shanker Dubey. "Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts alleviate arsenic toxicity by reducing arsenic uptake and improving antioxidant system in rice seedlings." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 26, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-019-00730-z.

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43

Gahalaut, Pratik, Madhur Kant Rastogi, Nitin Mishra, and Sandhya Chauhan. "Multiple Pigmented Bowen’s Disease: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma." Case Reports in Oncological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/342030.

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Bowens' disease (BD) is a precancerous condition of skin and/or mucosa with a predilection towards sun-exposed areas. Extensive literature research failed to reveal any case of multiple pigmented BD in type V Fitzpatrick skin. Multiple BD is a therapeutic challenge with a tendency to recur. Here we present an otherwise healthy Indian male having multiple pigmented lesions of BD on sun-protected sites of the body mimicking malignant melanoma. These lesions were refractory to treatment with different modalities. This paper is an attempt to review the available literature regarding the pigmented variant of multiple BD. Rationale for a therapeutic trial of UVB therapy for multiple arsenic induced BD is also discussed.

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Pandey, Piyush, Sushma Yadav, and Madhurima Pandey. "Human Arsenic Poisoning Issues in Central-East Indian Locations: Biomarkers and Biochemical Monitoring." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2007010003.

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45

Mandal, S. K., Mitali Dey, D. Ganguly, S. Sen, and T. K. Jana. "Biogeochemical controls of arsenic occurrence and mobility in the Indian Sundarban mangrove ecosystem." Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, no. 5 (May 2009): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.010.

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46

Moon, Katherine A., Barbara Howard, Jason G. Umans, Eliseo Guallar, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Kevin A. Francesconi, Walter Goessler, and Ana Navas-Acien. "Chronic Health Effects Of Arsenic Exposure In American Indian Communities: Implications For Prevention." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2015, no. 1 (August 20, 2015): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2015.2015-2481.

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47

Dwivedi, Sanjay, R. D. Tripathi, Sudhakar Srivastava, Ragini Singh, Amit Kumar, Preeti Tripathi, Richa Dave, et al. "Arsenic affects mineral nutrients in grains of various Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes grown on arsenic-contaminated soils of West Bengal." Protoplasma 245, no. 1-4 (May 20, 2010): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-010-0151-7.

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48

Gupta, Vinod Kumar, Rajendra Dobhal, Arunima Nayak, Shilpi Agarwal, Devi Prasad Uniyal, Prashant Singh, Bhavtosh Sharma, Shweta Tyagi, and Rakesh Singh. "Toxic metal ions in water and their prevalence in Uttarakhand, India." Water Supply 12, no. 6 (October 1, 2012): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.052.

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Developmental activities, geological reasons and mixing of industrial wastes are responsible for the deteriorating quality of surface and ground water in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. The drinking water sources of 13 districts of Uttarakhand have been assessed for the presence of four toxic metal ions (arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead). The health aspects of the four metal ions have also been reviewed according to the prescribed limits set up by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The present study reveals the absence of arsenic at almost all stations. Cadmium has been found only at Rudrapur, whereas chromium is found to be present in more than prescribed limits, in Kolti, Mussoorie and Dehradun. Significant presence of lead in the six districts of the state is indicative of the fact that proper management strategy of toxic metal ion remediation is required. Chromium and lead have exceeded the prescribed limit in 1.3 and 4.5% samples, respectively. However, as per BIS standard, cadmium is higher than the prescribed limit in 0.6% samples but according to the WHO standard, cadmium has exceeded in about 26% samples. Out of the total 156 samples analyzed, 6.4 and 33.3% samples have been found to possess the toxic metal ions in more than the prescribed limits as per BIS and WHO guidelines, respectively.

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Shi, Zhengyu, Manus Carey, Caroline Meharg, Paul N. Williams, Antonio J. Signes-Pastor, Eridha Ayu Triwardhani, Febbyandi Isnanda Pandiangan, et al. "Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain." Exposure and Health 12, no. 4 (March 2, 2020): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-020-00349-6.

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AbstractOne of cadmium’s major exposure routes to humans is through rice consumption. The concentrations of cadmium in the global polished (white), market rice supply-chain were assessed in 2270 samples, purchased from retailers across 32 countries, encompassing 6 continents. It was found on a global basis that East Africa had the lowest cadmium with a median for both Malawi and Tanzania at 4.9 μg/kg, an order of magnitude lower than the highest country, China with a median at 69.3 μg/kg. The Americas were typically low in cadmium, but the Indian sub-continent was universally elevated. In particular certain regions of Bangladesh had high cadmium, that when combined with the high daily consumption rate of rice of that country, leads to high cadmium exposures. Concentrations of cadmium were compared to the European Standard for polished rice of 200 μg/kg and 5% of the global supply-chain exceeded this threshold. For the stricter standard of 40 μg/kg for processed infant foods, for which rice can comprise up to 100% by composition (such as rice porridges, puffed rice cereal and cakes), 25% of rice would not be suitable for making pure rice baby foods. Given that rice is also elevated in inorganic arsenic, the only region of the world where both inorganic arsenic and cadmium were low in grain was East Africa.

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Kumar, Ritesh. "Comparative Study of Leachate Characteristics of Pond Ash from Long-Term Leaching and Ash Pond Disposal Point Effluent from Chandrapura Thermal Power Station, India." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, s1 (2010): S131—S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/496806.

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The present paper deals with the leaching characteristics of coal combustion residues from chandrapura thermal power station, Jharkhand, India. The study was made under the laboratory as well as the field condition. From the laboratory study conducted so far it is hereby concluded that the leachates of coal combustion residues from chandrapura thermal power station with respect to potentiometric and trace elements analysis are within the permissible limits as per Indian Standards (IS:2490). From the study it is also found that the elements such as arsenic, boron, nickel,etc. could not be detected. The discharge point leachate also does not pose any environmental problem from the point of view of leaching of trace and/or toxic elements as per IS: 2490.

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