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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Commins, Deirdre, Sanjeev Gupta, and Joseph Cartwright. "Deformed streams reveal growth and linkage of a normal fault array in the Canyonlands graben, Utah." Geology 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21433ar.1.

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Abstract We use the deformation of streams by the growth of active normal faults within the Canyonlands graben of southeastern Utah to constrain the displacement evolution of a fault array during segment interaction and linkage. Coupling fault displacement data with geomorphic analysis of present-day streams and paleostreams permits sequential reconstruction of a three-segment fault array from initial component segments to its final displacement geometry. Our results show that although segment interaction causes enhanced displacement addition at overlap zones, postlinkage displacement accumulation is significant and permits array equilibration to a displacement-length ratio characteristic of a single fault. Evidence of stream disequilibrium indicates that this postlinkage displacement addition was rapid compared to that during the fault interaction phase.
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2

Мистонов, А. А., И. С. Дубицкий, А. Х. А. Елмекави, Е. Г. Яшина, С. В. Сотничук, K. С. Напольский, and Д. Менцель. "Изменение направления оси легкого намагничивания массивов сегментированных нанонитей Ni/Cu с увеличением длины сегмента Ni." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 7 (2021): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.07.51037.237.

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Arrays of ordered segmented nanowires are considered as a promising material for three-dimensional information storage systems. However, the presence of a large number of competing interactions significantly complicates the description of the magnetic behavior of such systems. In this work, the influence of the length of the nickel segment on the integral magnetic properties of the array is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the change in the direction of the easy axis of magnetization occurs when the segment length to diameter ratio is in the range from 10 to 20.
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3

Zheng, Fuzhong, Shaochun Huang, Yuan Zhai, Yi Xiang, and Ying Wu. "LED Device Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2963.

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The migration model of the (n, 0) zigzag SWNT is established on the basis of Mathiessen’s law to calculate carrier mobility, which are the foundation for performance analysis of electroluminescence light emission. The split-gate technique is used to create p-and n-doped regions in the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays that are separated by a gap with a width of several microns. The LED devices based on SWNT arrays using split-gate technique are fabricated and tested by using an optical measurement system. Compared to the LED with the central gate, the split-gate SWNT LED has enhanced the light generation efficiency of the intrinsic SWNT array segment by decreasing the potential barrier across the junction of the intrinsic SWNT array segment. The results demonstrate the luminescent principle of LED based on SWNT array in theoretical simulation and device measurement.
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4

García Fernández, Javier, Víctor Vega Martínez, Andy Thomas, Víctor de la Prida Pidal, and Kornelius Nielsch. "Two-Step Magnetization Reversal FORC Fingerprint of Coupled Bi-Segmented Ni/Co Magnetic Nanowire Arrays." Nanomaterials 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070548.

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First Order Reversal Curve (FORC) analysis has been established as an appropriate method to investigate the magnetic interactions among complex ferromagnetic nanostructures. In this work, the magnetization reversal mechanism of bi-segmented nanowires composed by long Co and Ni segments contacted at one side was investigated, as a model system to identify and understand the FORC fingerprint of a two-step magnetization reversal process. The resulting hysteresis loop of the bi-segmented nanowire array exhibits a completely different magnetic behavior than the one expected for the magnetization reversal process corresponding to each respective Co and Ni nanowire arrays, individually. Based on the FORC analysis, two possible magnetization reversal processes can be distinguished as a consequence of the ferromagnetic coupling at the interface between the Ni and Co segments. Depending on the relative difference between the magnetization switching fields of each segment, the softer magnetic phase induces the switching of the harder one through the injection and propagation of a magnetic domain wall when both switching fields are comparable. On the other hand, if the switching fields values differ enough, the antiparallel magnetic configuration of nanowires is also possible but energetically unfavorable, thus resulting in an unstable magnetic configuration. Making use of the different temperature dependence of the magnetic properties for each nanowire segment with different composition, one of the two types of magnetization reversal is favored, as demonstrated by FORC analyses.
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5

Zheng, M., Z. Z. Wu, and Z. Q. Zhu. "Partitioned stator flux reversal machines having Halbach array PMs." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2015-0442.

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Purpose – In this paper, the partitioned stator flux reversal permanent magnet (PM) (PS-FRPM) machines with Halbach array PMs are investigated to compare with the machine having the conventional parallel magnetized PMs, and conventional FRPM machine. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The Halbach array PM machines with 2-, 3-, and 4-segment and ideal Halbach array PMs have similar topology and designed based on the PS-FRPM with parallel magnetized PMs. The open circuit analysis and electromagnetic performance has been calculated and compares with the aid of finite element (FE) method, and validated by experiments. Findings – The PS-FRPMs with Halbach array PMs have higher back-EMF and torque performance, as well as lower cogging torque and torque ripple, all having significantly higher torque density than the FRPM machine with single stator. The experimental results and FE predicted results of the 2-segment Halbach PM prototype machine are compared and good agreement is achieved. Originality/value – This paper introduces the new concept and design of PS-FRPMs having Halbach array PMs with different PM segments and idea PM array. The comparison with conventional FRPM and PS-FRPM with parallel magnetized PMs shows the benefits with PS-FRPMs with Halbach array PMs.
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6

Tomčík, Peter, and Dušan Bustin. "Interdigitated Array Diffusion Layer Titration of Dithiocarbamates with Electrogenerated Hypobromite." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 6 (2000): 1029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001029.

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A simple but sensitive technique was developed for determination of dithiocarbamates. The proposed method is based on its oxidation with hypobromite under the formation of sulfate. The oxidation proceeds only in the close vicinity of interdigitated array microelectrode (IDA), the segments of which were used as working and indicator electrodes. Hypobromite was formed by disproportionation of galvanostatically generated bromine (from bromide) in weakly alkaline solution on one segment of IDA (generator). The unreacted flux of hypobromite was amperometrically detected on the second segment (collector-indicator). The hypobromite flux is influenced by dithiocarbamates present in solution, causing changes in the collector versus generator current plot (titration curve) which can be quantitatively evaluated. The sensitivity of the method is 7 795 l mol-1 μA and detection limit estimated according to the 3s criterion is 2.2 · 10-6 mol l-1. The technique was used in analysis of real samples, such as in determination of a pesticide residues in cucumber leaves.
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7

Timofeev, Evgeniy Alexandrovich. "On a Segment Partition for Entropy Estimation." Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 27, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2020-1-40-47.

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Let \(Q_n\) be a partition of the interval \([0,1]\) defines as\(\begin{array}{l}Q_1 =\{0,q^2,q,1\}. \\Q_{n+1}' = qQ_n \cap q^2Q_n, \ \Q_{n+1}'' = q^2+qQ_n \cap qQ_n, \ \Q_{n+1}'''= q^2+qQ_n \cap q+q^2Q_n, \\Q_{n+1} = Q_{n+1}'\cup Q_{n+1}'' \cup Q_{n+1}''', \end{array}\)where \(q^2+q=1\).The sequence \(d= 1,2,1,0,1,2,1,0,1,0,1,2,1,0,1,2,1,\dots\) defines as follows.\(\begin{array}{l} d_1=1, \ d_2=2,\ d_4 =0; d[2F_{2n}+1 : 2F_{2n+1}+1] = d[1:2F_{2n-1}+1];\\ \quad n = 0,1,2,\dots;\\d[2F_{2n+1}+2 : 2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-2}] = d[2F_{2n-1}+2:2F_{2n}];\\d[2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-2}+1 : 2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-1}+1] = d[1:2F_{2n-3}+1];\\d[2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-1}+2 : 2F_{2n+2}] = d[2F_{2n-1}+2:2F_{2n}];\\ \quad n = 1,2,3,\dots;\\ \end{array}\)where \(F_n\) are Fibonacci numbers (\(F_{-1} = 0, F_0=F_1=1\)).The main result of this paper.\({\bf Theorem.}\\Q_n' = 1 - Q_n''' =\left \{ \sum_{i=1}^k q^{n+d_i}, \ k=0,1,\dots, m_n\right\},\\Q_n'' = 1 - Q_n'' = \left\{q^2 + \sum_{i=m_n}^k q^{n+d_i}, \ k=m_n-1,m_n,\dots, m_{n+1} \right\},\\\)where \(m_{2n} = 2F_{2n-2}, \ m_{2n+1} = 2F_{2n-1}+1\).
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8

Landschulz, WH, PF Johnson, and SL McKnight. "The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins." Science 240, no. 4860 (June 24, 1988): 1759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3289117.

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A 30-amino-acid segment of C/EBP, a newly discovered enhancer binding protein, shares notable sequence similarity with a segment of the cellular Myc transforming protein. Display of these respective amino acid sequences on an idealized alpha helix revealed a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The periodic array of at least four leucines was also noted in the sequences of the Fos and Jun transforming proteins, as well as that of the yeast gene regulatory protein, GCN4. The polypeptide segments containing these periodic arrays of leucine residues are proposed to exist in an alpha-helical conformation, and the leucine side chains extending from one alpha helix interdigitate with those displayed from a similar alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. This hypothetical structure is referred to as the "leucine zipper," and it may represent a characteristic property of a new category of DNA binding proteins.
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9

Iriarte, Juan Carlos, IÑigo Ederra, RamÓn Gonzalo, Yan Brand, Aurelien Fourmault, Yves Demers, Luca Salgetti-Drioli, and Peter de Maagt. "EBG Superstrate Array Configuration for the WAAS Space Segment." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, no. 1 (January 2009): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2008.2009732.

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10

Bernards, A., J. M. Kooter, and P. Borst. "Structure and transcription of a telomeric surface antigen gene of Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 3 (March 1985): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.3.545.

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The gene encoding variant surface glycoprotein 221 in Trypanosoma brucei is located adjacent to a chromosome end and can be activated with or without a concomitant gene duplication. To test whether transcription initiates within the cloned segment of the 221 gene, we analyzed nascent and stable transcripts. We show here that the 221 coding region and 8.5 kilobases of adjacent upstream DNA are transcribed into nascent RNA at a similar rate when gene 221 is activated without duplication. Since only part of this transcribed upstream segment is transferred with the coding region to another telomere upon duplicative activation of gene 221, we infer that initiation of variant surface glycoprotein gene transcription occurs outside the gene segment that moves into an expression site by gene conversion. Our analysis shows that part of the variant surface glycoprotein 221 transcription unit consists of an unusual 3.5-kilobase tandem array of ca. 50 repeat segments and that a rearrangement in this array accompanies the nonduplicative activation of gene 221. A variant surface glycoprotein pseudogene is located within the transcription unit of gene 221, and we discuss models that account for this unusual situation.
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11

Bernards, A., J. M. Kooter, and P. Borst. "Structure and transcription of a telomeric surface antigen gene of Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 3 (March 1985): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.3.545-553.1985.

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The gene encoding variant surface glycoprotein 221 in Trypanosoma brucei is located adjacent to a chromosome end and can be activated with or without a concomitant gene duplication. To test whether transcription initiates within the cloned segment of the 221 gene, we analyzed nascent and stable transcripts. We show here that the 221 coding region and 8.5 kilobases of adjacent upstream DNA are transcribed into nascent RNA at a similar rate when gene 221 is activated without duplication. Since only part of this transcribed upstream segment is transferred with the coding region to another telomere upon duplicative activation of gene 221, we infer that initiation of variant surface glycoprotein gene transcription occurs outside the gene segment that moves into an expression site by gene conversion. Our analysis shows that part of the variant surface glycoprotein 221 transcription unit consists of an unusual 3.5-kilobase tandem array of ca. 50 repeat segments and that a rearrangement in this array accompanies the nonduplicative activation of gene 221. A variant surface glycoprotein pseudogene is located within the transcription unit of gene 221, and we discuss models that account for this unusual situation.
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12

My, D. T. T., H. N. B. Phuong, T. T. Huong, and B. T. M. Tu. "Design of a Four-Element Array Antenna for 5G Cellular Wireless Networks." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 6259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3771.

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This paper proposes the design of a four-element array planar antenna based on a single antenna that combines the Double Positive (DPS) and Epsilon Negative (ENG) materials. The single antenna consists of a microstrip segment (which is equivalent to a DPS material) connected to a grounded microstrip segment (which is equivalent to an ENG material). T-Junction power dividers with one-input and two-output ports are used for feeding the two-element and the four-element array antennas. The proposed array antenna is designed to operate optimally at 30GHz frequency under Finite Element Method (FEM)-based simulation. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed array antennas have good radiation performances, in which the four-element array antenna has a -10dB bandwidth ranging from 28.7 to 33.4GHz and 12.9dBi gain.
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13

He, Yong Gang, Xiong Zhu Bu, Mao Jun Fan, and Jun Hu. "A Novel Line Segments Extraction Algorithm with Variant Constraints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.650.

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In the domain of CAM and AI, line segment extraction algorithm play an important role. In order to extract line segments in different degree of curvature and continuum, construct the flexible and variant linearization and continuum constraints by the array signal processing method. And through the setting dimension of image unit, extract line segments satisfying the constraints in different degrees. At the last some experiments on true images demonstrate the roles of flexible parameters and the efficiency of the algorithm.
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14

Lee, Hyunkook. "Capturing 360° Audio Using an Equal Segment Microphone Array (ESMA)." Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 67, no. 1/2 (January 31, 2019): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2018.0068.

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15

Shiratake, S., T. Miyakawa, Y. Takeuchi, R. Ogiwara, M. Kamoshida, K. Hoya, K. Oikawa, et al. "A 32-Mb chain FeRAM with segment/stitch array architecture." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 38, no. 11 (November 2003): 1911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2003.818161.

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16

Wang, Wei, Qin Zhao, Wenqing Gao, Zhenyue Hu, Qihang Zhao, and Sen Yang. "Thermo-Optic Numerical Research on Segmented Circular LD Arrays Side-Pumping a Nd:YAG Laser Rod." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 7316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207316.

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The configuration designs of the laser diode (LD) side-pumping laser rods focus on how to solve the space conflict between the pump and heat-removal devices because both want to use the larger lateral surface of the laser rod. The conflict is better balanced in the three different side-pumping geometries: the segmented circular LD array side-pumping configuration, the annular liquid-cooling structure, and the compensated semicircular LD array side-pumping arrangement. The temperature distributions and thermo-optic effects of the laser rod in the segmented circular LD array side-pumping configuration are analyzed in contrast with those in the other arrangements. The numerical results indicate that the periodical segment-pumping scheme provides higher beam quality than the compensated semicircular side-pumping scheme, enabling removal of the complex liquid cooling system in medium-power applications, thus showing the potential to be used in compact and miniature laser systems.
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17

Levings, Renee S., Sally R. Partridge, Steven P. Djordjevic, and Ruth M. Hall. "SGI1-K, a Variant of the SGI1 Genomic Island Carrying a Mercury Resistance Region, in Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 1 (November 6, 2006): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01229-06.

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ABSTRACT A multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain was found to contain SGI1-K, a variant form of the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) with an In4-type class 1 integron that contains only one cassette array, aacCA5-aadA7, and an adjacent mercury resistance module. Part of the 3′-conserved segment (3′-CS) of the integron, together with the inverted short segment from the right-hand end of the integron transposition module normally found between the 3′-CS and IS6100 in In4 family integrons, has been removed by an IS6100-mediated deletion. IRt, the right-hand inverted repeat found at the outer end of the integron, abuts a mercury resistance region instead of the usual SGI1 backbone segment. The mer module is a hybrid of those found in Tn501 and Tn21. This mer region and a further uncharacterized segment of at least 10 kb appear to have been incorporated between IRt and the SGI1 backbone. These findings demonstrate that the multidrug resistance region in SGI1 can incorporate new DNA segments in the same way as multiple antibiotic resistance regions in plasmids.
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18

Wei, Zhong Chao, and Xi Chen. "Design and Analysis of Halbach Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on FEM Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 551 (May 2014): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.551.320.

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This paper studies the application of Halbach array in optimal design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). First, the paper demonstrates the intrinsic sinusoidal magnetic field and one-side magnetic shielding effect produced by Halbach array in FEM. Afterward, a serious of Halbach motor models based on different segment numbers per pole are established combined with Ansoft. Next, the waveform and harmonic contents of air-gap flux density are analysed. Then, the relationship between the segment numbers per pole and cogging torque are explored. Finally, the power-angle curves for coreless/core rotors are contrasted. The above results explain why and how Halbach array can be applied in PMSM design to reduce harmonic components for air-gap flux density, increase power density and decrease moment of inertia.
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19

Arzuza, Luis C. C., Victor Vega, Victor M. Prida, Karoline O. Moura, Kleber R. Pirota, and Fanny Béron. "Single Diameter Modulation Effects on Ni Nanowire Array Magnetization Reversal." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123403.

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Geometrically modulated magnetic nanowires are a simple yet efficient strategy to modify the magnetic domain wall propagation since a simple diameter modulation can achieve its pinning during the nanowire magnetization reversal. However, in dense systems of parallel nanowires, the stray fields arising at the diameter interface can interfere with the domain wall propagation in the neighboring nanowires. Therefore, the magnetic behavior of diameter-modulated nanowire arrays can be quite complex and depending on both short and long-range interaction fields, as well as the nanowire geometric dimensions. We applied the first-order reversal curve (FORC) method to bi-segmented Ni nanowire arrays varying the wide segment (45–65 nm diameter, 2.5–10.0 μm length). The FORC results indicate a magnetic behavior modification depending on its length/diameter aspect ratio. The distributions either exhibit a strong extension along the coercivity axis or a main distribution finishing by a fork feature, whereas the extension greatly reduces in amplitude. With the help of micromagnetic simulations, we propose that a low aspect ratio stabilizes pinned domain walls at the diameter modulation during the magnetization reversal. In this case, long-range axial interaction fields nucleate a domain wall at the nanowire extremities, while short-range ones could induce a nucleation at the diameter interface. However, regardless of the wide segment aspect ratio, the magnetization reversal is governed by the local radial stray fields of the modulation near null magnetization. Our findings demonstrate the capacity of distinguishing between complex magnetic behaviors involving convoluted interaction fields.
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20

Zulfikar, Zulfikar, Yuwaldi Away, and Rafiqa Shahnaz Noor. "FPGA-based Design System for a Two-Segment Fibonacci LFSR Random Number Generator." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp1882-1891.

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For a long time, random numbers have been used in many fields of application. Much work has been conducted to generate truly random numbers and is still in progress. A popular method for generating random numbers is a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR). Even though a lot of work has been done using this method to search for truly random numbers, it is an area that continues to attract interest. Therefore, this paper proposes a circuit for generating random numbers. The proposed circuit is designed to produce different sequences of numbers. Two segments of Fibonacci LFSR are used to form a generator that can produce more varied random numbers. The proposed design consists of blocks: segment 1, segment 2, and a clock controller. The system produces random numbers based on an external clock. The clock signal for the first segment is that of the external clock, whereas that for the second segment is modified by the clock controller. The second stage (segment 2) is executed only after every 2<em><sup>n</sup></em><sup>1</sup>−1 clock cycles. The proposed design can generate different sequences of random numbers compare to those of the conventional methods. The period of the proposed system is less than that of the original Fibonacci LFSR. However, the period is almost equal to the original one when the system is realized in 32-bit or 64-bit form. Finally, the proposed design is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). It occupies more area and runs at a lower frequency compared with the original Fibonacci LFSR. However, the proposed design is more efficient than the segmented leap-ahead method concerning space occupancy.
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21

Pomberger, Hannes, and Florian Pausch. "Design and Evaluation of a Spherical Segment Array with Double Cone." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 100, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918771.

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22

Sun, Bing, Chenxi Wu, and Huailin Ruan. "Array Diagnosis and DOA Estimation for Coprime Array under Sensor Failures." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092735.

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A coprime array of N sensors can achieve O ( N 2 ) degrees of freedom (DOFs) by possessing a uniform linear array segment of size O ( N 2 ) in the difference coarray. However, the structure of difference coarray is sensitive to sensor failures. Once the sensor fails, the impact of failure sensors on the coarray structure may decrease the DOFs and cause direction finding failure. Therefore, the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of coprime arrays with sensor failures is a significant but challenging topic for investigation. Driven by the need for remedial measures, an efficient detection strategy is developed to diagnose the coprime array. Furthermore, based on the difference coarray, we divide the sensor failures into two scenarios. For redundant sensor failure scenarios, the structure of difference coarray remains unchanged, and the coarray MUSIC (CO-MUSIC) algorithm is applied for DOA estimation. For non-redundant sensor failure scenarios, the consecutive lags of the difference coarray will contain holes, which hinder the application of CO-MUSIC. We employ Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) algorithm to fill the holes with covariance matrix reconstruction. Specifically, the covariance matrix is reconstructed into a matrix with zero elements, and the SVT algorithm is employed to perform matrix completion, thereby filling the holes. Finally, we employ root-MUSIC for DOA estimation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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23

Duong, Minh-Trung, Yon-Do Chun, and Deok-Je Bang. "Improvement of Tubular Permanent Magnet Machine Performance Using Dual-Segment Halbach Array." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 3132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113132.

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In this paper, a modification of the dual-segment permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array is investigated to improve the performance of the tubular linear machine, in terms of flux density and output power. Instead of a classical Halbach array with only radial and axial PMs, the proposed model involves the insertion of mig-magnets, which have a magnetized angle shifted from the reference magnetized angles of axial and radial PMs. This structure leads to the elimination of flux leakage and the concentration of flux linkage in middle of the coil; therefore, the output power is increased by 13.2%.
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24

Kashani, Hany, Graham Wright, Ali Ursani, Garry Liu, Masoud Hashemi, and Narinder Paul. "Restricting motion effects in CT coronary angiography." British Journal of Radiology 92, no. 1103 (November 2019): 20190384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190384.

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Objective: Evaluation of coronary CT image blur using multi segment reconstruction algorithm. Methods: Cardiac motion was simulated in a Catphan. CT coronary angiography was performed using 320 × 0.5 mm detector array and 275 ms gantry rotation. 1, 2 and 3 segment reconstruction algorithm, three heart rates (60, 80 and 100bpm), two peak displacements (4, 8 mm) and three cardiac phases (55, 35, 75%) were used. Wilcoxon test compared image blur from the different reconstruction algorithms. Results: Image blur for 1, 2 and 3 segments in: 60 bpm, 75% R–R interval and 8 mm peak displacement: 0.714, 0.588, 0.571 mm (1.18, 0.6, 0.4 mm displacement) 80 bpm, 35% R–R interval and 8 mm peak displacement: 0.869, 0.606, 0.606 mm (1.57, 0.79,0.52 mm displacement) 100 bpm, 35% R–R interval and 4 mm peak displacement: 0.645, 0.588, 0.571 mm (0.98, 0.49, 0.33 mm displacement). The median image blur overall for 1 and 2 segments was 0.714 mm and 0.588 mm respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Two-segment reconstruction significantly reduces image blur. Advances in knowledge: Multisegment reconstruction algorithms during CT coronary angiography are a useful method to reduce image blur, improve visualization of the coronary artery wall and help the early detection of the plaque.
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25

Parnes, M. D. "Verification of Phase Shifter Measurements of a Reflective Array Antenna." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-2-18-26.

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Introduction. Large-size phased antenna arrays (PAA) frequently incorporate optical excitation schemes, whose main elements include the feed and the reflective aperture. In turn, the reflective aperture consists of several tens of thousands of radiators and phase shifters. Major distortions of the radiation pattern in reflective arrays occur due to phase errors, leading to a decrease in the gain and an increase in the side lobes of the radiation pattern. In the millimeter wavelength range, ferrite phase shifters can have an initial phase from 0 to 360 °, thus requiring measurements of the array elements following their assembly.Aim. To develop a method for evaluating errors in measurements of the parameters of phase shifters incorporated in an antenna array by comparing theoretical and experimental data.Materials and methods. A convenient method for determining the parameters of phase shifters is probing, in which a movable probe is connected in series with each array element. In cases where a PAA element represents a single structure consisting of a ferrite segment and a dielectric radiator, measurements are carried out using a probe in the form of a segment of a round waveguide moving towards the radiator. In order to evaluate the measurement error of such a scheme, a mechanically controlled reference phase shifter was used.Results. Measurement errors for the probe structure used were calculated based on the assumption of the phase error arising from the vector addition of the controlled and uncontrolled reflected signals at the input of the PAA element, in the section of the reference plane at the input of the probe. In addition, the S-parameters of the superposition section were calculated. The extrema of the error function were used to determine the maximum errors in measuring the phase and amplitude.Conclusion. The performed analysis confirmed the validity of the proposed method for measuring the parameters of phase shifters using a waveguide probe. The measurement error of the PAA elements according to the proposed scheme was found to be about 3 o, which is commensurate with that of recording devices.
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Selimović, Faruk, Predrag Stanimirović, Muzafer Saračević, and Predrag Krtolica. "Application of Delaunay Triangulation and Catalan Objects in Steganography." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111172.

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This paper presents a new method of steganography based on a combination of Catalan objects and Voronoi–Delaunay triangulation. Two segments are described within the proposed method. The first segment describes the process of embedding data and generating a complex stego key. The second segment explains the extraction of a hidden message. The main goal of this paper is to transfer a message via the Internet (or some other medium) using an image so that the image remains absolutely unchanged. In this way, we prevented the potential attacker from noticing some secret message hidden in that picture. Additionally, the complex stego key consists of three completely different parts (the image, the encrypted Delaunay triangulation, and the array Rk in Base64 code), which are very difficult to relate with each other. Finally, a few security analyses of the proposed method are conducted, as well as the corresponding steganalysis.
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Di Nora, Alessandra, Germana Lena, Andrea Giugno, Alessia Di Mari, Pierluigi Smilari, Carmelo Minardi, and Piero Pavone. "Pure Interstitial 7q21.3-q 31.1 Duplication: A Rare Segmental Genomic Aneuploidy: Case Report and Review of Cases with Distal and Similar Segment Involved." Global Medical Genetics 08, no. 03 (June 14, 2021): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729546.

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AbstractIn children with developmental delay (DD) and neurologic impairment, diagnosis can be challenging because of the wide spectrum of causes. Since the last decade, the use of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) offered a great contribution to get a diagnosis in complex phenotypes. The chromosome 7 is subject of interest in medical genetics because of its frequent association with chromosome aberrations, rearrangements, and deletions involving clinical manifestations. We hereby reported a 3-year-old male child patient with severe neuro-DD, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and pulmonary stenosis, whose array CGH analysis disclosed a duplication of 14.4 Mb on chromosome 7 (7q21.3-7q31.1). By reviewing the current literature to date, we first reported on neurologic and dysmorphic anomalies related to this rearrangement which was not previously reported.
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Sanada, Masashi, Yasuhito Nannya, Kumi Nakazaki, Go Yamamoto, Lili Wang, Noriko Hosoya, Akira Hangaishi, Mineo Kurokawa, Shigeru Chiba, and Seishi Ogawa. "Genome-Wide Analysis of Copy Number Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Using High-Density SNP-Genotyping Microarrays." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3420.3420.

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Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic progenitors characterized by impaired blood cell production due to ineffective hematopoiesis and high propensity to acute myeloid leukemias. One of the prominent features of MDS is the high frequency of unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities that result in genetic imbalances and copy number alterations. Although the chromosomal segments involved in these abnormalities are thought to contain relevant genes to the pathogenesis of MDS, conventional analyses including FISH have failed to identify critical regions small enough to pinpoint their target genes. Affymetrix® GeneChip® 100K/500K mapping arrays were originally developed for large-scale genotyping of more than 100,000/500,000 SNPs in two separate arrays, but the quantitative nature of the preparative whole-genome amplification and array hybridization thereafter also allows for accurate copy number estimate of the genome using these platforms at the resolutions of 21.3 kb and 5.4 kb with 116,204 and 520,000 oligonucleotide probes, respectively. Here we developed robust algorithms (CNAG) for copy number detection using 100K and/or 500K arrays and analyzed 88 MDS samples on these platforms in order to identify relevant genes for development of MDS. With these huge numbers of uniformly distributed SNP probes, numerous copy number alterations were sensitively detected in cases with MDS with more numbers of abnormalities found in advanced diseases (RAEB and RAEB-t). In addition to large-scale alterations of various chromosomal segments previously reported in these syndromes, a number of small cryptic chromosomal abnormalities were identified that would escape conventional cytogenetic analysis or array CGH analysis. Minimum overlapping deletions in 5q, 7q, 12p, 13q, and 20q were precisely defined, although no pinpoint homozygous deletions were detected within these regions. A common 20q deletion spans a 400 kb segment harboring five transcriptomes and the common 12p deletion defines a 1.3 Mb region that contains the ETV6 gene. Other common overlapping abnormalities include deletions in 21q22, 17q13, and gains of 11q25. Genome-wide analysis of copy number changes using high-density oligonucleotide arrays provides valuable information about genetic abnormalities in MDS.
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Moe, Wendy W., and Peter S. Fader. "Modeling Hedonic Portfolio Products: A Joint Segmentation Analysis of Music Compact Disc Sales." Journal of Marketing Research 38, no. 3 (August 2001): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.38.3.376.18866.

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The authors present a framework that enables researchers to differentiate better among a wide array of hedonic products. Specifically, the authors define and discuss characteristics of hedonic portfolio products and offer a joint segmentation model that is appropriate for understanding the sales dynamics of this class of products. The model offered in this article can accommodate a large degree of product heterogeneity through product clusters and model covariates. The basic premise is that several generic consumer segments exist and remain fixed across all albums, and each album (or each cluster of similar albums) can be viewed as drawing different proportions from each of these underlying segments. The authors also allow explanatory variables to have a differential impact on both components of the model—that is, accelerating purchase rates within a consumer segment and changing the proportions drawn from each consumer segment by each product cluster—thereby expanding or contracting the potential market size. The authors apply this model to music compact disc sales for 20 different albums and discuss the different effects of radio airplay and holiday buying on sales for a sample in the music industry.
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Robbins, Leonard G. "Specificity of Chromosome Damage Caused by the Rex Element of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 144, no. 1 (September 1, 1996): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.1.109.

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Abstract Rex is a multicopy genetic element that maps within an X-linked ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) array of D. melanogaster. Acting maternally, Rex causes recombination between rDNA arrays in a few percent of early embryos. With target chromosomes that contain two rDNA arrays, the exchanges either delete all of the material between the two arrays or invert the entire intervening chromosomal segment. About a third of the embryos produced by Rex homozygotes have cytologically visible chromosome damage, nearly always involving a single chromosome. Most of these embryos die during early development, displaying a characteristic apoptosis-like phenotype. An experiment that tests whether the cytologically visible damage is rDNA-specific is reported here. In this experiment, females heterozygous for Rex and an rDNA-deficient X chromosome were crossed to males of two genotypes. Some of the progeny from the experimental cross entirely lacked rDNA, while all of the progeny from the control cross had at least one rDNA array. A significantly lower frequency of early-lethal embryos in the experimental cross, proportionate to the fraction of rDNA-deficient embryos, demonstrates that Rex preferentially damages rDNA.
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Paiva, João R. B., Alana S. Magalhães, Pedro H. F. Moraes, Júnio S. Bulhões, and Wesley P. Calixto. "Stability Metric Based on Sensitivity Analysis Applied to Electrical Repowering System." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 7824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227824.

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Stability metrics are used to quantify a system’s ability to maintain equilibrium under disturbances. We did not identify the proposition of a stability metric using sensitivity analysis within the literature. This work proposes a system stability metric and its application to an electrical repowering system. The methodology for applying the proposed metric comprises: (i) system parameters sensitivity analysis and spider diagram construction, (ii) determining the array containing the line segments inclination angles of each spider diagram curve, and (iii) stability calculation using the array mean and maximum inclination value of a line segment. After simulating the model built for the electrical repowering system and applying the methodology, we obtain results regarding the sensitivity indices and stability values of system inputs relative to their outputs, considering the original system and with reduced parameters. Using the stability study, it was possible to determine different stability categories for the system parameters, which indicates the need for different analysis levels.
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Daly-Smith, Andy, Matthew Hobbs, Jade L. Morris, Margaret A. Defeyter, Geir K. Resaland, and Jim McKenna. "Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Primary School Children: Inactive Lessons Are Dominated by Maths and English." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030990.

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Background: A large majority of primary school pupils fail to achieve 30-min of daily, in-school moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The aim of this study was to investigate MVPA accumulation and subject frequency during academic lesson segments and the broader segmented school day. Methods: 122 children (42.6% boys; 9.9 ± 0.3 years) from six primary schools in North East England, wore uniaxial accelerometers for eight consecutive days. Subject frequency was assessed by teacher diaries. Multilevel models (children nested within schools) examined significant predictors of MVPA across each school-day segment (lesson one, break, lesson two, lunch, lesson three). Results: Pupils averaged 18.33 ± 8.34 min of in-school MVPA, and 90.2% failed to achieve the in-school 30-min MVPA threshold. Across all school-day segments, MVPA accumulation was typically influenced at the individual level. Lessons one and two—dominated by maths and English—were less active than lesson three. Break and lunch were the most active segments. Conclusion: This study breaks new ground, revealing that MVPA accumulation and subject frequency varies greatly during different academic lessons. Morning lessons were dominated by the inactive delivery of maths and English, whereas afternoon lessons involved a greater array of subject delivery that resulted in marginally higher levels of MVPA.
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Salem, Marwa S., Shimaa Ahmed, Ahmed Shaker, Mohammad T. Alshammari, Kawther A. Al-Dhlan, Adwan Alanazi, Ahmed Saeed, and Mohamed Abouelatta. "Bandwidth Broadening of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Using Arrays of a Proposed Piezoelectric Cantilever Structure." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080973.

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One of the most important challenges in the design of the piezoelectric energy harvester is its narrow bandwidth. Most of the input vibration sources are exposed to frequency variation during their operation. The piezoelectric energy harvester’s narrow bandwidth makes it difficult for the harvester to track the variations of the input vibration source frequency. Thus, the harvester’s output power and overall performance is expected to decline from the designed value. This current study aims to solve the problem of the piezoelectric energy harvester’s narrow bandwidth. The main objective is to achieve bandwidth broadening which is carried out by segmenting the piezoelectric material of the energy harvester into n segments; where n could be more than one. Three arrays with two, four, and six beams are shaped with two piezoelectric segments. The effect of changing the length of the piezoelectric material segment on the resonant frequency, output power, and bandwidth, as well as the frequency response is investigated. The proposed piezoelectric energy harvesters were implemented utilizing a finite element method (FEM) simulation in a MATLAB environment. The results show that increasing the number of array beams increases the output power and bandwidth. For the three-beam arrays, at n equals 2, 6 mW output power and a 9 Hz bandwidth were obtained. Moreover, the bandwidth of such arrays covered around 5% deviation from its resonant frequency. All structures were designed to operate as a steel wheel safety sensor which could be used in train tracks.
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Bloch, Edward, Maria Pefkianaki, and Jamil Hakim. "An unusual case of bilateral pigmented maculopathy and anterior segment dysgenesis." European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 2 (August 11, 2017): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5001073.

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Purpose: Pigmentary maculopathy can occur in the context of various inherited and acquired diseases. Anterior segment dysgenesis arises due to developmental anomalies and may be associated with systemic disease, as in Rieger syndrome. Case report: A 49-year-old woman presented with longstanding reduction in vision, evidence of anterior segment dysgenesis, and multiple discrete pigmented lesions throughout the macula bilaterally. Electroretinographic findings were consistent with severe macular dysfunction. Gene array analysis did not reveal any chromosomal imbalances or other specific abnormalities. Conclusions: This is a unique case of bilateral pigmentary maculopathy and anterior segment dysgenesis, with clinical findings that are not characteristic of previously reported disease.
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Silverman, Ronald H., Jeffrey A. Ketterling, and D. Jackson Coleman. "High-Frequency Ultrasonic Imaging of the Anterior Segment Using an Annular Array Transducer." Ophthalmology 114, no. 4 (April 2007): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.07.050.

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Sekiguchi, Ryuta, Kei Takahashi, Jun Kawakami, Atsushi Sakai, Hiroshi Ikeda, Aya Ishikawa, Kazuchika Ohta, and Shunji Ito. "Preparation of a Cyclic Polyphenylene Array for a Zigzag-Type Carbon Nanotube Segment." Journal of Organic Chemistry 80, no. 10 (May 6, 2015): 5092–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b00485.

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Sawaragi, K., H. J. Salzburger, G. Hübschen, K. Enami, A. Kirihigashi, and N. Tachibana. "Improvement of SH-wave EMAT phased array inspection by new eight segment probes." Nuclear Engineering and Design 198, no. 1-2 (May 2000): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(99)00276-9.

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Zhang, Y., L. Li, and G. H. Li. "Fabrication and anomalous transport properties of an Sb/Bi segment nanowire nanojunction array." Nanotechnology 16, no. 10 (August 9, 2005): 2096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/020.

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Sekiguchi, Ryuta, Shun Kudo, Jun Kawakami, Atsushi Sakai, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hiromu Nakamura, Kazuchika Ohta, and Shunji Ito. "Preparation of a Cyclic Polyphenylene Array for a Chiral-Type Carbon Nanotube Segment." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 89, no. 10 (October 15, 2016): 1260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20160145.

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Faria, Rosana S., Claudiner P. de Oliveira, Marcella M. da Costa, Maria T. A. da S. Rosa, Mara S. Córdoba, Aline Pic-Taylor, Iris Ferrari, Silviene F. de Oliveira, and Juliana F. Mazzeu. "Concurrent Loss of Heterozygosity and Mosaic Deletion of 12p13.32pter." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 148, no. 2-3 (2016): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000445853.

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Deletions in the short arm of chromosome 12 are the rarest subtelomeric imbalances. Less than 20 patients have been reported to date, and their microdeletions were identified either by FISH or array-CGH without SNP data. Here, we report a patient with a 12p13.32pter mosaic deletion detected by chromosome microarray analysis with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the deleted segment in addition to the adjacent distal segment. LOH is indicative of a complex rearrangement, suggestive of mitotic microhomology-mediated break-induced replication.
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Sevastianova, N. Yu, and N. S. Vinogradova. "Multi-channel data storage format definition for visualization tasks on the example of SPOT-4 images." Information Technology and Nanotechnology, no. 2391 (2019): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/1613-0073-2019-2391-302-308.

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One of the features of a remote sensing data storage is the widespread utilization of large-capacity disk arrays. Emergency situations arising from the use of arrays can lead to the fact that the remote sensing data, usually stored in uncompressed form, may become partially damaged. But even with incomplete recovery, this kind of data can be used in the future to solve production problems. However, this recovery is sometimes hampered by incomplete knowledge of the format of the corrupted data. The article describes an approach to automatic recognition of multichannel data interleaving type (BIP, BIL or BSQ) and its application to a recovery of SPOT-4 remote sensing data stored in the segment format "SEG", which were damaged after a disk array failure.
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Ulinnuha, Hilmiyati, Aris Sunantyo, and Nurrohmat Widjajanti. "Analisis Pengaruh Gempa Tektonik 10 Juli 2013 Terhadap Perubahan Koordinat Stasiun Pantau Segmen Mentawai." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Terapan (JNTT) 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jntt.37493.

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Mentawai Segment is located in Mentawai Islands, Sumatra, Indonesia. This segment is a subduction zone between Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate. This subduction zone can lead to high potential of tectonic earthquake in Mentawai Segment. The high potential of tectonic earthquake has negative impact for the community, so it is necessary to monitor the risk of tectonic earthquake in Mentawai Segment. This monitoring can be done by using GPS data of monitoring station that spread in Mentawai Segment. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effect of tectonic earthquake on the coordinate change of Mentawai Segment, so that it can reduce the risk of negative impact of tectonic earthquake in Mentawai Segment. This research use observation data of 10 continuous GPS monitoring station (Sumatran GPS Data Array / SuGAr) in Mentawai Segment. Day of observation data was day of year (doy) at the time of tectonic earthquake occurence on July 10, 2013. Data processing used GAMIT / GLOBK software. The results of this research indicate that the tectonic earthquake (July 10, 2013) affected coordinates changes of the SuGAr station significantly two hours after the tectonic earthquake occurred.
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Šušteršič, Tijana, and Aleksandar Peulić. "Implementation of Face Recognition Algorithm on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 08 (July 2019): 1950129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619501299.

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The aim of this study is to implement an algorithm for face recognition, based on fast fourier transform (FFT), on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. Implemented program included the initialization process of two single-IP-core ROM blocks, each with an image of a human face, which are sent to the real components of two-channel IP CoreFFT block. The result of classification could be displayed in the form of either a word “yes” or “no” on the seven-segment display or the information about the reference to the folder with the found match face. Due to the lack of memory on the chip, the results are discussed based on the results obtained by the simulation, whilst the implemented part of the system included displaying images on VGA monitor and result of the algorithm shown on seven-segment display or realized as a software solution in Matlab. The results show 79% accuracy and the advantage of presented system lies in the possibility of working with images in real time. The results obtained in this study can be a good starting point in the implementation of complex algorithms for face recognition using all the benefits that FPGAs offer.
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Yang, Yaling, Yanli Zhang, Junyong Zhang, You Li, and Dean Liu. "High-precision Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing with a multi-focal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array." Laser Physics 31, no. 12 (November 17, 2021): 125401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ac36c1.

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Abstract A Hartmann wavefront sensor is a type of wavefront detection instrument that has been widely used in various fields. Traditional Hartmann wavefront sensors usually comprise a monofocal refraction lenslet array to segment the wavefront at the entrance pupil. Each wavelet is focused at the focal plane along the projection of the lenslet, forming the foci array. Unlike the multifocal self-interference Taiji-lenslet array, a type of multifocal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array was proposed in this study to improve the measurement accuracy using the weighted centroid location algorithm of these multifocal spots, where the latter is more easily designed than the former. An optical experiment was implemented using the multifocal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array to verify its effectiveness. As a type of diffractive lens, a large-aperture Taiji-lenslet array can be easily fabricated via lithography, which has great potential for application in the measurement of large-scale laser beams and optical elements.
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Bhuvaneswary, N., S. Prabu, K. Tamilselvan, and K. G. Parthiban. "Efficient Implementation of Multiply Accumulate Operation Unit Using an Interlaced Partition Multiplier." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2021.9398.

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A new strategy for quick multiplication of two numbers is introduced. Inputs are separated into segments, and one segment is replaced by two with zeros interlocking in each alternative segments. With zero carries between segments the product are computed, within the time needed to multiply the short partitions and add the partial sums. The multiplication of two numbers generated and adds that product to an accumulator by multiply accumulate operation (MAC unit). This operation is performed within the MAC unit. MAC is an advanced co-processor that plays a vital role in FFT, DFT, etc. The MAC unit is utilized for additional execution and its input is given to the proposed multiplier that provides a trivial speed increment over the array multiplier designs. This paper is utilized to design speed enhanced multiply Accumulate Unit by an Interlaced Partition Multiplier. This new multiplier design simulation is optimized with existing method.
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Пастернак, Ю. Г., В. А. Пендюрин, and К. С. Сафонов. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE RADIATING APERTURE OF HEADLIGHTS CONSISTING OF SEGMENT-PARABOLIC ANTENNAS." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 6 (January 10, 2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.16.6.010.

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Решение задачи связи в Арктике, а также в тундре, в тайге, в лесу, в море, на полях возможно только с использованием мобильных систем спутниковой связи. ФГУП «Космическая связь» (г. Москва) располагает группировкой спутников, которая постоянно расширяется. Для надежной связи в Арктике и в северных широтах, помимо геостационарных спутников, запущены спутники, движущиеся по высокоорбитальным траекториям. Для переключения со спутника на спутник, входящий в зону видимости абонента, необходимо использовать антенные решетки. Проблема заключается в том, что в настоящее время отсутствуют мобильные терминалы высокоскоростной спутниковой связи, а стоимость зарубежных аналогов препятствует широкому их использованию (достигает 50 тысяч долларов). Обычно радиолокационная связь (РЛС) с фазированной антенной решеткой используется для наблюдения за тысячами угловых точек, для отслеживания сотни целей. Такие требования могут быть выполнены только путем сканирования луча в пространстве в течение микросекунды. Ясно, что необходимо электронное управление лучом, поскольку механически вращать антенну не представляется возможным. Лишь некоторая часть вышеуказанных проблем будет затрагиваться в этой статье, ниже будут представлены электронная модель антенной решетки и её математическая модель The solution of the communication problem in the Arctic, as well as in the tundra, in the taiga, in the forest, in the sea, in the fields is possible only with the use of mobile satellite communication systems. FSUE "Space Communications" (Moscow) has a constantly expanding group of satellites. For reliable communication in the Arctic and Northern latitudes, in addition to geostationary satellites, satellites moving along high-orbit trajectories were launched. To switch from one satellite to the other included in the subscriber's visibility area, it is necessary to use antenna arrays. The problem is that currently there are no mobile terminals for high-speed satellite communication, and the cost of foreign analogues prevents their widespread use (up to 50 thousand dollars). Typically, a phased array radar is used to track thousands of corner points to track hundreds of targets. Such requirements can only be met by scanning the beam in space for a microsecond. It is clear, that electronic beam control is necessary since it is not possible to mechanically rotate the antenna. Only some of the above problems will be touched upon in this article. An electronic model of the antenna array and its mathematical model is presented
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Atkinson, Janette, and Oliver J. Braddick. "‘Where’ and ‘What’ in Visual Search." Perception 18, no. 2 (April 1989): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180181.

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A line segment target can be detected among distractors of a different orientation by a fast ‘preattentive’ process. One view is that this depends on detection of a ‘feature gradient’, which enables subjects to locate where the target is without necessarily identifying what it is. An alternative view is that a target can be identified as distinctive in a particular ‘feature map’ without subjects knowing where it is in that map. Experiments are reported in which briefly exposed arrays of line segments were followed by a pattern mask, and the threshold stimulus-mask interval determined for three tasks: ‘ what’—subjects reported whether the target was vertical or horizontal among oblique distractors; ‘ coarse where’—subjects reported whether the target was in the upper or lower half of the array; ‘ fine where’—subjects reported whether or not the target was in a set of four particular array positions. The threshold interval was significantly lower for the ‘coarse where’ than for the ‘what’ task, indicating that, even though localization in this task depends on the target's orientation difference, this localization is possible without absolute identification of target orientation. However, for the ‘fine where’ task, intervals as long as or longer than those for the ‘what’ task were required. It appears either that different localization processes work at different levels of resolution, or that a single localization process, independent of identification, can increase its resolution at the expense of processing speed. These possibilities are discussed in terms of distinct neural representations of the visual field and fixed or variable localization processes acting upon them.
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Merčep, Elena, Xosé Luís Deán-Ben, and Daniel Razansky. "Imaging of blood flow and oxygen state with a multi-segment optoacoustic ultrasound array." Photoacoustics 10 (June 2018): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2018.04.002.

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Shen, Yang, G. Y. Liu, Z. P. Xia, and Z. Q. Zhu. "Determination of Maximum Electromagnetic Torque in PM Brushless Machines Having Two-Segment Halbach Array." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61, no. 2 (February 2014): 718–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2013.2254101.

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Mercep, Elena, Xose Luis Dean-Ben, and Daniel Razansky. "Combined Pulse-Echo Ultrasound and Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography With a Multi-Segment Detector Array." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 36, no. 10 (October 2017): 2129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2706200.

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