Dissertations / Theses: 'Array processing'

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Jafri, Ahsan. "Array signal processing based on traditional and sparse arrays." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2019. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/23072/.

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Array signal processing is based on using an array of sensors to receive the impinging signals. The received data is either spatially filtered to focus the signals from a desired direction or it may be used for estimating a parameter of source signal like direction of arrival (DOA), polarization and source power. Spatial filtering also known as beamforming and DOA estimation are integral parts of array signal processing and this thesis is aimed at solving some key probems related to these two areas. Wideband beamforming holds numerous applications in the bandwidth hungry data traffic of present day world. Several techniques exist to design fixed wideband beamformers based on traditional arrays like uniform linear array (ULA). Among these techniques, least squares based eigenfilter method is a key technique which has been used extensively in filter and wideband beamformer design. The first contribution of this thesis comes in the form of critically analyzing the standard eigenfilter method where a serious flaw in the design formulation is highlighted which generates inconsistent design performance, and an additional constraint is added to stabilize the achieved design. Simulation results show the validity and significance of the proposed method. Traditional arrays based on ULAs have limited applications in array signal processing due to the large number of sensors required and this problem has been addressed by the application of sparse arrays. Sparse arrays have been exploited from the perspective of their difference co-array structures which provide significantly higher number of degrees of freedoms (DOFs) compared to ULAs for the same number of sensors. These DOFs (consecutive and unique lags) are utilized in the application of DOA estimation with the help of difference co-array based DOA estimators. Several types of sparse arrays include minimum redundancy array (MRA), minimum hole array (MHA), nested array, prototype coprime array, conventional coprime array, coprime array with compressed interelement spacing (CACIS), coprime array with displaced subarrays (CADiS) and super nested array. As a second contribution of this thesis, a new sparse array termed thinned coprime array (TCA) is proposed which holds all the properties of a conventional coprime array but with $\ceil*{\frac{M}{2}}$ fewer sensors where $M$ is the number of sensors of a subarray in the conventional structure. TCA possesses improved level of sparsity and is robust against mutual coupling compared to other sparse arrays. In addition, TCA holds higher number of DOFs utilizable for DOA estimation using variety of methods. TCA also shows lower estimation error compared to super nested arrays and MRA with increasing array size. Although TCA holds numerous desirable features, the number of unique lags offered by TCA are close to the sparsest CADiS and nested array and significantly lower than MRA which limits the estimation error performance offered by TCA through (compressive sensing) CS-based methods. In this direction, the structure of TCA is studied to explore the possibility of an array which can provide significantly higher number of unique lags with improved sparsity for a given number of sensors. The result of this investigation is the third contribution of this thesis in the form of a new sparse array, displaced thinned coprime array with additional sensor (DiTCAAS), which is based on a displaced version of TCA. The displacement of the subarrays generates an increase in the unique lags but the minimum spacing between the sensors becomes an integer multiple of half wavelength. To avoid spatial aliasing, an additional sensor is added at half wavelength from one of the sensors of the displaced subarray. The proposed placement of the additional sensor generates significantly higher number of unique lags for DiTCAAS, even more than the DOFs provided by MRA. Due to its improved sparsity and higher number of unique lags, DiTCAAS generates the lowest estimation error and robustness against heavy mutual coupling compared to super nested arrays, MRA, TCA and sparse CADiS with CS-based DOA estimation.

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Otsuka, Takuma. "Bayesian Microphone Array Processing." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188871.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(情報学)
甲第18412号
情博第527号
新制||情||93(附属図書館)
31270
京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻
(主査)教授奥乃博, 教授河原達也, 准教授 CUTURI CAMETO Marco, 講師吉井和佳
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Alexiou, Angeliki. "Bounds in array processing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249378.

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Sabbar, Bayan M. "High resolution array signal processing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27193.

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This study is concerned with the processing of signals received by an array of sensor elements which may range from acoustic transducers in a sonar system to microwave horns in a radar system. The main aim of the work is to devise techniques for resolving the signals arriving from closely spaced sources in order to determine the presence and direction of these sources.

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Kitchens, Jonathan Paul. "Acoustic vector-sensor array processing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60098.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-148).
Existing theory yields useful performance criteria and processing techniques for acoustic pressure-sensor arrays. Acoustic vector-sensor arrays, which measure particle velocity and pressure, offer significant potential but require fundamental changes to algorithms and performance assessment. This thesis develops new analysis and processing techniques for acoustic vector-sensor arrays. First, the thesis establishes performance metrics suitable for vector sensor processing. Two novel performance bounds define optimality and explore the limits of vector-sensor capabilities. Second, the thesis designs non-adaptive array weights that perform well when interference is weak. Obtained using convex optimization, these weights substantially improve conventional processing and remain robust to modeling errors. Third, the thesis develops subspace techniques that enable near-optimal adaptive processing. Subspace processing reduces the problem dimension, improving convergence or shortening training time.
by Jonathan Paul Kitchens.
Ph.D.

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6

Schodorf, Jeffrey Brian. "Array processing techniques for interference suppression in mobile communications systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12971.

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Hicks, James Edward. "Novel Approaches to Overloaded Array Processing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28670.

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An antenna array is overloaded when the number of cochannel signals in its operating environment exceeds the number of elements. Conventional space-time array processing for narrow-band signals fails in overloaded environments. Overloaded array processing (OLAP) is most difficult when signals impinging on the array are near equal power, have tight excess bandwidth, and are of identical signal type. Despite the failure of conventional beamforming in such environments, OLAP becomes possible when a receiver exploits additional signal properties such as the finite-alphabet property and signal excess-bandwidth. This thesis proposes three approaches to signal extraction in overloaded environments, each providing a different tradeoff in performance and complexity. The first receiver architecture extracts signals from an overloaded environment through the use of MMSE interference rejection filtering embedded in a successive interference cancellation (SIC) architecture. The second receiver architecture enhances signal extraction performance by embedding a stronger interference rejection receiver, the reduced-state maximum aposteriori probability (RS-MAP) algorithm in a similar SIC architecture. The third receiver fine-tunes the performance of spatially reduced search joint detection (SRSJD) with the application of an energy focusing transform (EFT), a complexity reducing front-end linear pre-processor. A new type of EFT, the Energy Focusing Unitary Relaxed Transform (EFURT) is developed. This transform facilitates a continuous tradeoff between noise-enhancement and error-propagation in an SRSJD framework. EFURT is used to study the role of this tradeoff for SRSJD receivers in a variety of signal environments. It is found that for the environments studied in this thesis, SRSJD enjoys an aggressive reduction in interference at the expense of possible noise-enhancement.
Ph. D.

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Karaminas, Panagiotis D. "Array processing in mobile radio networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11483.

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Arnott, Robert. "Array processing for digital mobile radio." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338780.

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Åhgren, Per. "Teleconferencing, system identification and array processing." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-86013.

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The area of teleconferencing has long yielded great interest in the signal processing community. The main reasons for this are probably the huge interest from the industry and the challenging problems of the topic. The problems of teleconferencing are relevant for several different disciplines in signal processing. Three of these are Acoustic Echo Cancellation, System Identification and Sensor Array Signal Processing. In this thesis some problems related to these disciplines are studied. The thesis is divided into 6 parts, one for each paper included. In the first part a new adaptive algorithm is applied to the acoustic echo cancellation problem. It is shown to perform much better than the Normalized Least Mean Squares (NLMS) algorithm and while it performs worse than the standard Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm it is shown to be computationally simpler than this. In the second part the hierarchical RLS algorithm is analyzed. The extraordinary results presented for this algorithm in previous papers are discussed and explained. In the third part a new initialization method for RLS is presented that yields the exact Least Squares estimates while not being computationally more demanding than RLS. This is an important contribution since the standard initialization of the RLS algorithm is somewhat arbitrary. In the fourth part a method is presented that deals with the problem of estimating the common factors out of an arbitrary number of polynomials. Two problems of array processing and system identification are stated as problems for common factor estimation and the presented method is applied to these. For these two problems the method is shown to perform better than existing methods. In the fifth part a method for beamforming using few sensors is presented. Data-dependent beamformers usually perform badly when there are few sensors in the array, particularly when the beamformer constraints are numerous. The method presented deals with this problem by approximately fulfilling the beamformer constraints and hence getting extra degrees of freedom for suppressing interferences. In the sixth part the previously unsolved problem of array processing of non-zero mean signals is solved for the colored noise case. Methods are presented both for the estimation problem and the detection problem and are shown to perform well in numerical examples.

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Wu, Xiaoting. "Array signal processing for MIMO radar /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202009%20WU.

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Dowlut, Naushad Hussein. "Superresolution array design." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266213.

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13

Allred, Daniel Jackson. "Evaluation and Comparison of Beamforming Algorithms for Microphone Array Speech Processing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11606.

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Recent years have brought many new developments in the processing of speech and acoustic signals. Yet, despite this, the process of acquiring signals has gone largely unchanged. Adding spatial diversity to the repertoire of signal acquisition has long been known to offer advantages for processing signals further. The processing capabilities of mobile devices had not previously been able to handle the required computation to handle these previous streams of information. But current processing capabilities are such that the extra workload introduced by the addition of mutiple sensors on a mobile device are not over-burdensome. How these extra data streams can best be handled is still an open question. The present work deals with the examination of one type of spatial processing technique, known as beamforming. A microphone array test platform is constructed and verified through a number of beamforming agorithms. Issues related to speech acquisition through microphones arrays are discussed. The algorithms used for verification are presented in detail and compared to one another.

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Larocque, Jean-René. "Advanced bayesian methods for array signal processing /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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15

Manzano, García-Muñoz Cristina. "Sensor Array Signal Processing for Source Localization." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8952.

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This work is a study about source localization methods, more precisely, about beamforming approaches. The necessary background theory is provided first, and then, further developed to explain the basis of each approach. The studied problem consists in an array of sensors in which the signal to process is impinging. Several examples of inciding signals are provided in order to compare the performance of the methods. The goal of the approaches is to find the Incident Signal Power and the Direction Of Arrival of the Signal (or Signals) Of Interest. With these information, the source can be located in angle and range. After the study, the conclusions will show which methods to chose depending on the application pursued. Finally, some ideas or guidelines about future investigation on the field, will be given.

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Weverka, Robert T. "Optical signal processing of phased array radar." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207762.

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Lefkaditis, Vasileios. "Ambiguities in array processing and their implications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252421.

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Mhd, Tajudin Mikal Tasya. "Array processing techniques for mobile positioning problem." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436326.

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Mardani, Reza. "High resolution algorithms for array signal processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292417.

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Fang, Zexi. "Sensor array processing : localisation of wireless sources." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/59102.

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In this thesis, various subspace array processing techniques for wireless source localisation are presented and investigated in the following three aspects. First, in the environment of indoor optical wireless communications, the paths of different sources and/or from different reflectors may impinge on the receiver from closely spaced directions with a high probability. In this case, the ranges of the paths, together with their directions, are important especially for isolating the desired source from the interferers. A blind multi-source localisation approach, which can be used as a channel estimator in the receiver of a communication system, is proposed for direction, range, and path gain estimation. Utilising the above channel parameter estimates, two subspace multibeam beamformers are also presented to achieve complete interference cancellation. Second, in applications such as wireless sensor networks and ubiquitous computing, both the location and orientation of an array are important parameters of interest to be estimated. Hence, array localisation and orientation estimation approaches are proposed for two cases. In the first case, a number of sources of known locations are employed to estimate these parameters of a receiver array. In the second case, a receiver array is utilised to estimate these parameters of multiple sources with each one being a transmitter array. Last, when sources operate in the near field of an array, the spherical wave propagation model needs to be considered. A problem associated with such a scenario is source localisation under the wideband assumption, where the wavefront of a baseband signal varies when traversing through the sensors of the array. Two novel approaches with the employment of the subcovariance of the received signal and the rotation of the array reference point are proposed to localise multiple sources under the wideband assumption. Throughout the thesis, computer simulation studies are presented for evaluating the performance of the proposed approaches.

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Thiel, Ryan. "Array Processing Techniques for Broadband Acoustic Beamforming." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/251.

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Audio acquisition and recording can benefit from directional reception of the acoustic signals. Current acoustic designs of highly-directional microphones are bandwidth limited and physically large. A microphone array used in conjunction with a beamforming algorithm can acquire and spatially filter the signal, but traditionally this has suffered from limitations similar to those of the purely acoustic designs. The work presented in this paper attempts to overcome these limitations by producing and analyzing three atypical techniques for broadband beamforming. The last and most successful technique employs an algorithm which calculates the difference in group delay of the acquired signals and uses that information to determine the direction of the incoming signals as a function of frequency.

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Zhuang, Jie. "Array signal processing robust to pointing errors." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6850.

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The objective of this thesis is to design computationally efficient DOA (direction-of- arrival) estimation algorithms and beamformers robust to pointing errors, by harnessing the antenna geometrical information and received signals. Initially, two fast root-MUSIC-type DOA estimation algorithms are developed, which can be applied in arbitrary arrays. Instead of computing all roots, the first proposed iterative algorithm calculates the wanted roots only. The second IDFT-based method obtains the DOAs by scanning a few circles in parallel and thus the rooting is avoided. Both proposed algorithms, with less computational burden, have the asymptotically similar performance to the extended root-MUSIC. The second main contribution in this thesis is concerned with the matched direction beamformer (MDB), without using the interference subspace. The manifold vector of the desired signal is modeled as a vector lying in a known linear subspace, but the associated linear combination vector is otherwise unknown due to pointing errors. This vector can be found by computing the principal eigen-vector of a certain rank-one matrix. Then a MDB is constructed which is robust to both pointing errors and overestimation of the signal subspace dimension. Finally, an interference cancellation beamformer robust to pointing errors is considered. By means of vector space projections, much of the pointing error can be eliminated. A one-step power estimation is derived by using the theory of covariance fitting. Then an estimate-and-subtract interference canceller beamformer is proposed, in which the power inversion problem is avoided and the interferences can be cancelled completely.

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Qasim, Muhammad, and Ali Chaudhry Majid. "Signal Processing on Ambric Processor Array : Baseband processing in radio base stations." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1660.

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The advanced signal processing systems of today require extreme data throughput and low power consumption. The only way to accomplish this is to use parallel processor architecture.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of parallel processor architecture in baseband signal processing. This has been done by implementing three demanding algorithms in LTE on Ambric Am2000 family Massively Parallel Processor Array (MPPA). The Ambric chip is evaluated in terms of computational performance, efficiency of the development tools, algorithm and I/O mapping.

Implementations of Matrix Multiplication, FFT and Block Interleaver were performed. The implementation of algorithms shows that high level of parallelism can be achieved in MPPA especially on complex algorithms like FFT and Matrix multiplication. Different mappings of the algorithms are compared to see which best fit the architecture.

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Larsson, Erik G. "The ubiquitous signal processing : applications to communications, spectral analysis and array processing /." Uppsala : Uppsala Univ, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/342399306.pdf.

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Hicks, James. "Overloaded Array Processing with Spatially Reduced Search Joint Detection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9611.

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An antenna array is overloaded when the number of cochannel signals in its operating environment exceeds the number of elements. Conventional space-time array processing for narrow-band signals fails in overloaded environments. Overloaded array processing (OAP) is most difficult when signals impinging on the array are near equal power, have tight excess bandwidth, and are of identical signal type. In this thesis, we first demonstrate how OAP is theoretically possible with the joint maximum likelihood (JML) receiver. However, for even a modest number of interfering signals, the JML receiverÃ Âs computational complexity quickly exceeds the real-time ability of any computer. This thesis proposes an iterative joint detection technique, Spatially Reduced Search Joint Detection, (SRSJD), which approximates the JML receiver while reducing its computational complexity by several orders of magnitude. This complexity reduction is achieved by first exploiting spatial separation between interfering signals with a linear pre-processing stage, and second, performing iterative joint detection with a (possibly) tail-biting and time"-varying trellis. The algorithm is sub-optimal but is demonstrated to well approximate the optimum receiver in modest signal to interference ratios. SRSJD is shown to demodulate over 2M zero excess bandwidth synchronous QPSK signals with an M element array. Also, this thesis investigates a temporal processing technique similar to SRSJD, Temporally Reduced Search Joint Detection (TRSJD), that separates co-channel, asynchronous, partial response signals. The technique is demonstrated to separate two near equal power QPSK signals with r= .35 root raised-cosine pulse shapes."
Master of Science

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Shapoury, Alireza. "Ultra wideband antenna array processing under spatial aliasing." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1495.

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Backén, Staffan. "On dynamic array processing for GNSS software receivers." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26732.

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This thesis presents contributions in the field of satellite navigation with a focus on array processing and related implementation issues. For readers not familiar with GNSS, it also includes a brief overview of satellite navigation.Compared to the state of the art only ten years ago, modern GNSS receivers are very capable. One reason for this improvement is advances in the semiconductor industry that have increased both the available processing power and the energy efficiency. An active research community have also made important contributions resulting in more sophisticated algorithms. To improve receiver performance even further, auxiliary sensors such as gyros and accelerometers are becoming increasingly common. A related option involves using an antenna with several physical elements. This is known as an antenna array and is often used for radar, sonar and telecommunication applications. Array processing can also be used for GNSS and as such it is the primary focus of this thesis. An array allows for exploration of the spatial domain, in other words a receiver that may differentiate between signals depending on the direction of arrival. For GNSS, where interference and multipath (signal reflection off, for example, buildings or the ground) may be significant sources of error, this is an attractive solution. Although array processing have been the subject of extensive research efforts within other fields, there are several remaining issues with regards to how these techniques can be implemented in a GNSS receiver.With regards to array processing there are also properties unique to GNSS, such as multiple signal sources at known positions, that have not been explored sufficiently in previous efforts. In this thesis we show how these properties can be exploited to improve receiver performance in dynamic scenarios. In short, the orientation of the antenna platform is estimated accurately (typical variance around 1°) using beamforming techniques. This information is then used to achieve a better estimate of the radio environment by allowing for longer integration periods when estimating the covariance matrices. A better estimate of the covariance matrices directly translates into improved receiver performance, especially so in areas of moderate levels of multipath/interference.Further, a method to calibrate GNSS array antennas using real signals is investigated in detail. Instead of resorting to electromagnetic simulations that requires precise knowledge about the antenna and installation factors, or RF chamber measurement that is expensive, it is shown how the array antenna can be calibrated using live signals. The accuracy of the resulting model is verified using real data.Also, the first implementation of an RF record and replay system is presented. With such a system data can be recorded in a specific environment, generally a time consuming task, and later played back into the antenna input of any GNSS receiver. Such systems are nowadays commercially available and have proven very useful for testing and validation of GNSS receivers. Throughout the thesis, the required receiver architecture and practical viability of the proposed algorithms are considered.
Godkänd; 2011; 20110217 (staffan); DISPUTATION Opponent: Associate Professor Gonzalo Seco Granados, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Ordförande: Professor Dennis Akos, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Torsdag den 7 april 2011, kl 13.00 Plats: A117, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Knox, David. "Telecommunications call processing on a linear processor array." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9585.

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New telephone features and their increasingly complex interactions with one another requires better performance from Telecommunication Switching systems. Since call processing is the most computationally expensive task in a switch, multi-processor systems are being considered for the call processing cores of many commercial switch architectures. In this thesis, the design criteria for such a call processing system have been generated and analyzed. A new approach, the heterogeneous linear pipelined array is proposed and compared with a common load sharing architecture. The linear pipelined array has been simulated using a detailed Verilog Hardware Description Language model, to further verify its suitability for call processing applications. Several fixed assignment schemes and three simple heuristic assignment schemes have been simulated and the resulting throughput and processor utilizations has been studied. A semi-static approach has been tested, where an optimal schedule is determined based on the relative quantities of calls in specific states. The performance of the array for the call processing task is shown, for a variety of cases, to be dependent on the degree of load balancing which can be achieved in the array and the extent to which processing bottlenecks can be avoided. The results for the semi-static schedules are significantly better than for the fixed schemes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Backén, Staffan. "Towards dynamic array processing for GNSS software receivers /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/65/.

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Marchaud, Fabienne Bernadette Therese. "Convex analysis applied to sensor-array signal processing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342225.

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Jänkävaara, H. (Henrik). "Seismic array processing with Northern Finland Seismological Network." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201904241522.

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Abstract. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO) operates and maintains a 9-station Northern Finland Seismological Network (FN) located in northern Finland. Four of the stations are providing the data to the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) while five stations are working in the test regime. Every station is equipped with a 3-component broadband seismometer. Seismic array processing methods are applied using the 9-station network, which as an array is irregular and relatively large with an aperture of 455 km. As a result, the array is suitable for detecting seismic signals with large wavelengths. In this thesis, earthquake localization tests utilizing beampacking and beamforming are carried out by detecting vertical components of long-period surface wave phases. Properties of the network as an array are discussed and a method to improve the network solely for array purposes is presented. The method searches for new locations for seismic stations to reduce sidelobes in the array transfer function.Tiivistelmä. Sodankylän geofysiikan observatorio ylläpitää yhdeksästä laajakaistaseismometreillä varustetusta asemasta koostuvaa Northern Finland Seismological Network (FN) verkkoa. Neljä asemaa tarjoaa seismistä dataa datakeskuksiin ja viisi asemaa on testivaiheessa. Pisin etäisyys asemien välillä on noin 455 kilometriä ja asemat sijaitsevat epäsäännöllisessä muodostelmassa Pohjois-Suomessa. Tutkielmassa yhdeksän aseman verkkoa käytetään seismisenä monipisteasemana (eng. array). Niin kutsuttaja beamforming- ja beampacking-menetelmiä sovelletaan käyttäen verkkoa. Beamforming-menetelmä kasvattaa käytettävän datan signaalikohinasuhdetta, mikä mahdollistaa esimerkiksi eri seismisten faasien tarkemman tarkastelun. Menetelmän käyttämiseksi tarvitaan tieto tutkittavan faasin etenemissuunnasta ja näennäisestä nopeudesta, mitkä saadaan selville esimerkiksi beampacking-menetelmällä. Käyttäen verkkoa monipisteasemana, maanjäristyksien episentrien suuntien paikannuksen tarkkuutta tarkastellaan hyödyntäen valmiiksi testejä varten laadittuja maanjäristyskatalogeja. Testeissä seismisinä signaaleina käytetään pitkäperiodisia pinta-aaltoja ja episentrin suunta selvitetään beampacking-menetelmällä. Lisäksi tutkielmassa esitellään menetelmä asemaverkon parantamiseksi nimenomaan monipisteasemakäyttöä ajatellen. Uusien asemapaikkojen etsintä perustuu verkon siirtofunktion sivumaksimien minimoimiseen. Selvästi erottuvat sivumaksimit siirtofunktiossa ovat merkkejä verkon epätarkkuudesta monipisteasemakäytössä.

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Poulsen, Andrew Joseph. "Robust vector sensor array processing and performance analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47751.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-186).
Acoustic vector sensors, which measure scalar pressure along with particle motion (a vector quantity), feature many advantages over omnidirectional hydrophone sensors. A sizable literature exists on the theory of processing signals for many vector sensor array applications. In practice, however, mismatch (the difference between the assumed and actual system configurations), several noise processes and low sample support can pose significant problems. Processing techniques should be robust to these system imperfections and practical complexities. This thesis presents analytical results which quantify the effect of system mismatch and low sample support on acoustic vector sensor array performance. All arrays are susceptible to perturbations in array element locations; vector sensor arrays, however, are also sensitive to changes in sensor orientation. This is due to the fact that the particle motion vector measurement must be placed in a global reference frame. Gilbert and Morgan (1955) developed a statistical analysis with system mismatch for an array of scalar, omnidirectional elements. This thesis includes a vector sensor extension to their analysis by including sensor orientation perturbations. Theoretical expressions for the mean and variance of the vector sensor array spatial response are derived using a Gaussian perturbation model, with excellent comparisons between theory and simulation. Such analysis leads to insight into theoretical limits of both conventional and adaptive processing in the presence of system imperfections. One noteworthy result is that the vector aspect of the array "dampens" the effect of array mismatch, enabling deeper true nulls. This is accomplished because the variance of the vector sensor array spatial response (due to rotational, positional and filter gain/phase perturbations) decreases in the side lobes, unlike arrays of omnidirectional hydrophones.
(cont.) As long as sensor orientation is measured within a reasonable tolerance, the beampattern variance dominates the average side lobe power response. Results from random matrix theory are used to characterize the effect of low sample support on signal detection using a vector sensor array. When using vector sensors, the effects of low sample support potentially increase by a factor of four since each element in a vector sensor array consists of a scalar hydrophone and up to three spatially orthogonal particle motion sensors. Also presented is an analysis of vector sensor array performance in ocean noise given an arbitrary spatial array configuration, sensor orientation and particle motion sensor type (velocity or acceleration). Several different ocean noise models exist, including isotropic noise, directional noise and realistic surface generated noise. Theoretical expressions are derived for array data covariance matrices in these different noise models for arbitrary array configuration and sensor orientation, which can in turn be used with optimal MVDR beamforming weights to analyze array gain. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we present examples of signal, noise and array gain variability as a function of mismatch intensity. Our analysis suggests that vector sensor array gain performance is less sensitive to rotational than to positional perturbations in the regions of interest. Hydrophones and particle motion sensors have very different response and noise characteristics. For instance, particle motion sensors are more sensitive to non acoustic, motion-induced noise than hydrophones. In a towed line array configuration, those sensors orthogonal to the direction of motion are exposed to higher intensities of flow noise at low frequencies than those coincident to the array axis.
(cont.) Similarly, different dipole sensors may be exposed to varying degrees of rotational mismatch. Sensors may also rest on the seafloor, creating asymmetries. Recognizing these practical issues, we derive a new adaptive processing method customized to the unique characteristics of vector sensors and robust to mismatch and finite sample support. This new approach involves using multiple white noise gain constraints. During the past couple of decades, stationary vector sensor arrays have been built and tested, demonstrating improved gain and ambiguity lobe attenuation. Up until recently, however, very few towed vector sensor arrays had been built and tested. As such, many of the advantages of vector sensor arrays had only previously been shown in theory and/or with stationary arrays. We present results from sea trials in Monterey Bay, CA (2006) and Dabob Bay, WA (2007) towing a relatively short vector sensor array. Results highlight several of the distinct practical advantages of vector sensor arrays: resolution of spatial ambiguity (e.g., port/starboard and conical ambiguity), the ability to "undersample" an acoustic wave without spatial aliasing, quiet target recovery via clutter reduction, immunity to mismatch, improved array gain and enhanced detection performance.
by Andrew Joseph Poulsen.
Ph.D.

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Peterson, Patrick Mangan. "Adaptive array processing for multiple microphone hearing aids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14466.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-125).
by Patrick M. Peterson.
Sc.D.

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34

Coleman, Philip. "Loudspeaker array processing for personal sound zone reproduction." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/805527/.

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Sound zone reproduction facilitates listeners wishing to consume personal audio content within the same acoustic enclosure by filtering loudspeaker signals to create constructive and destructive interference in different spatial regions. Published solutions to the sound zone problem are derived from areas such as sound field synthesis and beamforming. The first contribution of this thesis is a comparative study of multi-point approaches. A new metric of planarity is adopted to analyse the spatial distribution of energy in the target zone, and the well-established metrics of acoustic contrast and control effort are also used. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. Energy cancellation produces good acoustic contrast but allows very little control over the target sound field; synthesis-derived approaches precisely control the target sound field but produce less contrast. Motivated by the limitations of the existing optimization methods, the central contribution of this thesis is a proposed optimization cost function ‘planarity control’, which maximizes the acoustic contrast between the zones while controlling sound field planarity by projecting the target zone energy into a spatial domain. Planarity control is shown to achieve good contrast and high target zone planarity over a large frequency range. The method also has potential for reproducing stereophonic material in the context of sound zones. The remaining contributions consider two further practical concerns. First, judicious choice of the regularization parameter is shown to have a significant effect on the contrast, effort and robustness. Second, attention is given to the problem of optimally positioning the loudspeakers via a numerical framework and objective function. The simulation and experimental results presented in this thesis represent a significant addition to the literature and will influence the future choices of control methods, regularization and loudspeaker placement for personal audio. Future systems may incorporate 3D rendering and listener tracking.

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Okumura, Shigeaki. "Array Signal Processing for Accurate Medical Ultrasound Measurements." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232419.

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Savaş, Süleyman. "Linear Algebra for Array Signal Processing on a Massively Parallel Dataflow Architecture." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4137.

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This thesis provides the deliberations about the implementation of Gentleman-Kung systolic array for QR decomposition using Givens Rotations within the context of radar signal processing. The systolic array of Givens Rotations is implemented and analysed using a massively parallel processor array (MPPA), Ambric Am2045. The tools that are dedicated to the MPPA are tested in terms of engineering efficiency. aDesigner, which is built on eclipse environment, is used for programming, simulating and performance analysing. aDesigner has been produced for Ambric chip family. 2 parallel matrix multiplications have been implemented to get familiar with the architecture and tools. Moreover different sized systolic arrays are implemented and compared with each other. For programming, ajava and astruct languages are provided. However floating point numbers are not supported by the provided languages. Thus fixed point arithmetic is used in systolic array implementation of Givens Rotations. Stable

and precise numerical results are obtained as outputs of the algorithms. However the analysis results are not reliable because of the performance analysis tools.

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Abewardana, Wijenayake Chamith K. "Multi-dimensional Signal Processing And Circuits For Advanced Electronically Scanned Antenna Arrays." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415358304.

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Shibley, Jordan Almon. "Enhanced Sonar Array Target Localization Using Time-Frequency Interference Phenomena." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1488.

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The ability of traditional active sonar processing methods to detect targets is often limited by clutter and reverberation from ocean environments. Similarly, multipath arrivals from radiating sources such as ships and submarines are received at sensors in passive sonar systems. Reverberation and multipath signals introduce constructive and destructive interference patterns in received spectrograms in both active and passive sonar applications that vary with target range and frequency. The characterization and use of interference phenomena can provide insights into environmental parameters and target movement in conjunction with standard processing methods including spectrograms and array beamforming. This thesis focuses on utilizing the time-frequency interference structure of moving targets captured on sonar arrays to enhance the resolution and abilities of conventional sonar methods to detect and localize targets. Physics-based methods for interference-based beamforming and target depth separation are presented with application of these methods shown using broadband simulated array data.

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Yu, Jingjing. "MICROPHONE ARRAY OPTIMIZATION IN IMMERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/19.

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The complex relationship between array gain patterns and microphone distributions limits the application of traditional optimization algorithms on irregular arrays, which show enhanced beamforming performance for human speech capture in immersive environments. This work analyzes the relationship between irregular microphone geometries and spatial filtering performance with statistical methods. Novel geometry descriptors are developed to capture the properties of irregular microphone distributions showing their impact on array performance. General guidelines and optimization methods for regular and irregular array design are proposed in immersive (near-field) environments to obtain superior beamforming ability for speech applications. Optimization times are greatly reduced through the objective function rules using performance-based geometric descriptions of microphone distributions that circumvent direct array gain computations over the space of interest. In addition, probabilistic descriptions of acoustic scenes are introduced to incorporate various levels of prior knowledge for the source distribution. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods, simulated gain patterns and real SNR results of the optimized arrays are compared to corresponding traditional regular arrays and arrays obtained from direct exhaustive searching methods. Results show large SNR enhancements for the optimized arrays over arbitrary randomly generated arrays and regular arrays, especially at low microphone densities. The rapid convergence and acceptable processing times observed during the experiments establish the feasibility of proposed optimization methods for array geometry design in immersive environments where rapid deployment is required with limited knowledge of the acoustic scene, such as in mobile platforms and audio surveillance applications.

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Stevenson, Jeremy C. Duren Russell Walker Thompson Michael Wayne. "A comparison of field programmable gate arrays and digital signal processors in acoustic array processing." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4186.

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Burnett, Mitchell Costus. "Advancements in Radio Astronomical Array Processing: Digital Back End Development and Interferometric Array Interference Mitigation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6611.

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The Brigham Young University (BYU) Radio Astronomy Systems group, in collaboration with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), the Center for Astrophysics at West Virginia University (WVU), and the Green Bank Observatory (GBO) have developed, and commissioned, a broadband real-time digital back end processing system for a 38-element phased array feed (PAF) with 150 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. This system is capable of producing coarse and fine channel correlations, and implements a real-time beamformer that forms 7 simultaneous dual-polarized beams. This thesis outlines the hardware and software development for the digital back end and presents on-telescope commissioning results. This system has been measured to provide an unprecedented low Tsys/η noise level of 28 K and can perform maps of galactic hydrogen observations in a fraction of the time of a conventional single horn feed. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) has recently announced the concept and development of the next generation Very Large Array (ngVLA), a large interferometric array consisting of 300 radio telescopes and longest baseline (distance between a pair of antennas) of 300 km. Large interferometric arrays have been shown to attenuate radio frequency interference (RFI) because it is decorrelated as it propagates across long baselines. This is not always sufficient, especially with dense core array geometries and with the ever-increasing amount of strong RFI sources. Conventional RFI projection-based mitigation techniques have performed poorly on large interferometers because of covariance matrix estimation error due to decorrelation when identifying interference subspace parameters. This thesis presents an algorithm that overcomes the challenge of decorrelation by applying subspace projection via subarray processing (SP-SAP). Each subarray is designed to have a set of elements with high mutual correlation in the interferer for better estimation of subspace parameters. In simulation, compared to the former approach of applying subspace projection on the full array, SP-SAP improves mitigation of the RFI on the order of 9 dB. A signal of interest is shown then to be observable through the RFI in a full synthetic image.

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Savaş, Süleyman. "Linear Algebra for Array Signal Processing on a Massively Parallel Dataflow Architecture." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2192.

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This thesis provides the deliberations about the implementation of Gentleman-Kung systolic array for QR decomposition using Givens Rotations within the context of radar signal

processing. The systolic array of Givens Rotations is implemented and analysed using a massively parallel processor array (MPPA), Ambric Am2045. The tools that are dedicated to the MPPA are tested in terms of engineering efficiency. aDesigner, which is built on eclipse environment, is used for programming, simulating and performance analysing. aDesigner has been produced for Ambric chip family. 2 parallel matrix multiplications have been implemented

to get familiar with the architecture and tools. Moreover different sized systolic arrays are implemented and compared with each other. For programming, ajava and astruct languages are provided. However floating point numbers are not supported by the provided languages.

Thus fixed point arithmetic is used in systolic array implementation of Givens Rotations. Stable and precise numerical results are obtained as outputs of the algorithms. However the analysis

results are not reliable because of the performance analysis tools.

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Costa, João Paulo Carvalho Lustosa da. "Parameter estimation techniques for multi-dimensional array signal processing." Aachen Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000960765/04.

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Bengtsson, Mats. "Antenna array signal processing for high rank data models." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Signaler, sensorer och system, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2903.

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Whinnett, Nicholas William. "Superresolution array processing in the presence of moving sources." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11403.

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Manikas, Athanassios. "Adaptive array processing for source location and interference cancellation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11335.

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Makaratat, Khajitpan. "Spatio-temporal processing for indoor UWB array propagation channels." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842797/.

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This thesis mainly focuses on the study of the spatio-temporal processing for indoor UWB array systems. The main objective of this work was to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of UWB signals captured by planar array and also linear array systems. These characteristics include space-time array processing and application based spatio-temporal results on UWB receiver systems. Firstly, simulation of UWB array systems based on multipath clusters and distortion effects is investigated. This modified simulation contains spatio-temporal characteristics of UWB arrays such as discrete channel impulse responses based on classifications of multipath clusters, propagation environments and physics-based pulse distortion effects. Frequency dependent characteristics are also analysed in the simulation. Thus, discrete impulse responses and distorted pulse signals are simulated in each frequency sub-band corresponding to particular channel parameters of directions of arrival, times of arrival and distortion effects. Furthermore, quantifications of distortion impact on UWB system are evaluated; UWB simulated data is measured corresponding to propagation scenarios in order to determine system performances. Secondly, analysis of the spatial correlation based array structure is presented. This novel spatial correlation technique is processed between surrounding adjacent antenna positions for each multipath component time bin. Therefore, variations of spatial correlations with excess delays can be temporally analysed. The contributions of this technique and preliminary results are also given as the application on estimation of times of arrival of multipath components. In addition, based on the spatial correlation analysis, the applications of angles of arrival estimation are also described in this thesis. To simplify this technique, the linear array configuration is exploited cooperatively with the relative phase difference method. UWB linear array measurements are also carried out in an anechoic chamber with the controlled conditions to evaluate estimated results. Additionally, the research also presents a complex spatial correlation analysis, which can be used as the identification of distortion effects at each individual time bin. Finally, UWB RAKE receiver systems are investigated in order to highlight the application of UWB space-time array processing, which is proposed as the adaptive multipath searching unit. The multipath searching and distortion selection processors are constructed to support RAKE selection and weight estimator functions. The implementation of this proposed structure associated with the finger selection strategies and the time-reversal mirror technique can improve UWB array link performances in dense channels with less complexity.

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Kogon, Stephen Michel. "Adaptive array processing tecniques for terrain scattered interference mitigation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14927.

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Wang, Lei. "Array signal processing algorithms for beamforming and direction finding." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1550/.

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Array processing is an area of study devoted to processing the signals received from an antenna array and extracting information of interest. It has played an important role in widespread applications like radar, sonar, and wireless communications. Numerous adaptive array processing algorithms have been reported in the literature in the last several decades. These algorithms, in a general view, exhibit a trade-off between performance and required computational complexity. In this thesis, we focus on the development of array processing algorithms in the application of beamforming and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. In the beamformer design, we employ the constrained minimum variance (CMV) and the constrained constant modulus (CCM) criteria to propose full-rank and reduced-rank adaptive algorithms. Specifically, for the full-rank algorithms, we present two low-complexity adaptive step size mechanisms with the CCM criterion for the step size adaptation of the stochastic gradient (SG) algorithms. The convergence and steady-state properties are analysed. Then, the full-rank constrained conjugate gradient (CG) adaptive filtering algorithms are proposed according to the CMV and CCM criteria. We introduce a CG based weight vector to incorporate the constraint in the design criteria for solving the system of equations that arises from each design problem. The proposed algorithms avoid the covariance matrix inversion and provide a trade-off between the complexity and performance. In reduced-rank array processing, we present CMV and CCM reduced-rank schemes based on joint iterative optimization (JIO) of adaptive filters. This scheme consists a bank of full-rank adaptive filters that forms the transformation matrix, and an adaptive reduced-rank filter that operates at the output of the bank of filters. The transformation matrix and the reduced-rank weight vector are jointly optimized according to the CMV or CCM criteria. For the application of beamforming, we describe the JIO scheme for both the direct-form processor (DFP) and the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structures. For each structure, we derive SG and recursive least squares (RLS) type algorithms to iteratively compute the transformation matrix and the reduced-rank weight vector for the reduced-rank scheme. An auxiliary vector filtering (AVF) algorithm based on the CCM design for robust beamforming is presented. The proposed beamformer decomposes the adaptive filter into a constrained (reference vector filter) and an unconstrained (auxiliary vector filter) component. The weight vector is iterated by subtracting the scaling auxiliary vector from the reference vector. For the DOA estimation, the reduced-rank scheme with the minimum variance (MV) power spectral evaluation is introduced. A spatial smoothing (SS) technique is employed in the proposed method to improve the resolution. The proposed DOA estimation algorithms are suitable for large arrays and to deal with direction finding for a small number of snapshots, a large number of users, and without the exact information of the number of sources.

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Hayward, Stephen David. "Adaptive sensor array processing in non-stationary signal environments." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368454.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Array processing'

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