Journal articles on the topic 'Array of antennas'
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1
Obiadi Ifeanyi F., Udofia Kufre M., and Udofia Kingsley M. "Comparative Analysis of Microstrip Antenna Arrays with Diverse Feeding Techniques." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i11060.
Abstract:
A robust antenna design and analysis to fit the growing technology trend and give engineers and technicians options is crucial. This is especially true considering the recent rise in wireless smart devices. This paper compares microstrip antenna arrays fed in different ways. This work designed, simulated, and analyzed six antennas: two single-band rectangular microstrip antennas (RMSAs) with quarter wave (QWT) feed and the other with inset feed, one series-fed 1 x 4 RMSA array, two cooperate-fed (1 x 2 and 1 x 4) and a 2 x 2 cooperate-series-fed RMSA array at 2.4 GHz. Simulations showed that single-band antennas achieved 65.3 MHz and 68.3 MHz (2.72% and 2.85%) fractional bandwidths at 2.4 GHz. Series-fed and cooperative-fed 1 x 4 arrays, respectively, achieved bandwidths of 152.07 MHz and 44.33 MHz (6.34 % and 1.85 %) fractional bandwidth. The 1 x 2 cooperate-fed and 2 x 2 cooperate-series-fed array antennas had bandwidths of 33.06 MHz and 50.41 MHz (for 1.38% and 2.26%), respectively. A comparison of antenna gains revealed that the study's goals were met as a result of the realized antenna gain of the 2 x 2 cooperate-series-fed antenna which exceeded all other compared antenna gain. The 1 x 4 RMSA array with series feeding had a significantly higher bandwidth than its studied contemporaries. The achieved antenna's bandwidth qualifies it for application small ISM-band WLAN devices; for less portable devices, 2× 2 hybrid-fed array antenna is a suitable candidate for application.
2
Kim, Ilkyu, and Eunhee Kim. "Quad-Band Uniformly Spaced Array Antenna Using Diverse Patch and Fractal Antennas." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 3675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063675.
Abstract:
Multi-band antennas have received significant interest because they can support multiple wireless communication services with a single antenna. However, an array antenna consisting of these element antennas can suffer from non-periodic arrangement due to the irregular sizes of the elements. In this paper, various shapes of patch antennas with fractal antennas are used to ensure the periodic arrangement of the array antenna, and antenna array incorporated with a feed network is proposed. Four different antenna arrays operating at 2.45/3.7/4.3/5.0 GHz are aggregated in an antenna with interleaved disposition of the different element antennas. It is observed that mutual couplings between two elements are sufficiently low, at less than −23 dB. Peak antenna gain ranging from 11.1 dBi to 14.4 dBi at the four different bands is obtained.
3
Andropov, A., and S. Kuzmin. "Radiation Pattern Synthesis Method of Antenna Arrays with an Arbitrary Arrangement of Radiating Elements." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2022-8-2-15-28.
Abstract:
As a result of the analysis of methods for synthesizing radiation patterns, in order to find the required amplitude-phase distribution in antenna arrays with an arbitrary arrangement of radiating elements, a technique based on the method of partial radiation patterns is proposed. The results of implementing the technique for a lowprofile combined ring concentric antenna array, a five-element antenna array based on asymmetric wave channel antennas, and a conformal antenna array consisting of arbitrarily located PIFA antennas are presented. The calculated amplitude-phase distributions and radiation patterns are given. The technique makes it possible to evaluate the potential capabilities of antennas, with adaptation taking into account the mutual coupling.
4
Ramya, M., V. Parthipan, and M. Yogadeepan. "Certain Investigations on Edge Fed Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for WiMAX Applications." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 4, no. 1 (May 5, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2015.4.1.1937.
Abstract:
Recently, a new wireless technology, i.e., Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), has been demonstrated to have its strong potential to provide a very high speed of broadband services. By simultaneously using multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver sites, these systems exploit the spatial dimension of the propagation channel. The development of such antennas includes the design of array antenna, optimizing the array antenna parameters and thereby increasing its performance. This paper mainly focuses on design of single microstrip patch antennae and linear array configurations by optimizing the various antenna parameters such as directivity, gain, Mutual coupling and beamwidth etc., Microstrip array antennae designed and simulated using IE3D for WiMAX application operating at 2.4GHz and the same configurations are also optimized and analyzed. In this analysis, upon comparing the parameters such as gain, directivity, return loss and 3-dB beamwidth quantitatively it is proposed that the linear array promises very narrow beamwidth with optimized gain.
5
Said, Maizatul Alice Meor, Mohamad Harris Misran, Mohd Azlishah bin Othman, Redzuan Abdul Manap, Abd Shukur bin Jaafar, Shadia Suhaimi, and Nurmala Irdawaty Hassan. "Innovation Design of High Gain Array Antenna for 5G Communication." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 13, no. 7 (July 16, 2023): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0723_02.
Abstract:
The fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication system requires high gain antennas to support the growing demand for high-speed data transmission and low-latency connectivity. High gain antennas are crucial for enhancing the signal strength and extending the coverage area of 5G networks. By using multiple antenna elements, an array can achieve higher gain and directivity compared to a single element antenna. This improvement in gain enables better signal reception and transmission, leading to increased communication range, higher data rates, and improved reliability. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of antenna arrays for improving antenna gain in 5G communication systems at 3.5 GHz.The design of the array antenna incorporates single, dual, quad, and octal element structures to enhance the antenna's gain. The proposed antenna has been examined, and the results indicate that it has a return loss of -37.4 dB at the resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz, an antenna gain of 7.22 dB, and a bandwidth of 286.5 MHz. The use of a single, dual, quad, and octal element array configuration is anticipated to improve the gain performance of the antenna, making it a promising option for 5G communication systems.
6
Hussain, Sajjad, Shi-Wei Qu, Abu Bakar Sharif, Hassan Sani Abubakar, Xiao-Hua Wang, Muhammad Ali Imran, and Qammer H. Abbasi. "Current Sheet Antenna Array and 5G: Challenges, Recent Trends, Developments, and Future Directions." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093329.
Abstract:
Designing an ultra-wideband array antenna for fifth generation (5G) is challenging for the antenna designing community because of the highly fragmented electromagnetic spectrum. To overcome bandwidth limitations, several millimeter-wave bands for 5G and beyond applications are considered; as a result, many antenna arrays have been proposed during the past decades. This paper aims to explore recent developments and techniques regarding a specific type of phased array antenna used in 5G applications, called current sheet array (CSA). CSA consists of capacitively coupled elements placed over a ground plane, with mutual coupling intentionally introduced in a controlled manner between the elements. CSA concept evolved and led to the realization of new array antennas with multiple octaves of bandwidth. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing works in this line of research. We analyze and discuss various aspects of the proposed array antennas with the wideband and wide-scan operation. Additionally, we discuss the significance of the phased array antenna in 5G communication. Moreover, we describe the current research challenges and future directions for CSA-based phased array antennas.
7
Zhou, Hao, Jiren Li, and Kun Wei. "A Novel Unit Classification Method for Fast and Accurate Calculation of Radiation Patterns." Electronics 12, no. 16 (August 19, 2023): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163512.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a novel unit classification technique to enhance the accuracy of the conventional pattern multiplication method by taking the mutual coupling effect and edge effect into consideration. The proposed technique classifies antenna elements into different groups based on their positions in arrays, specifically corner, edge, and inner groups. By simulating the radiation patterns of antenna elements with different boundary conditions, the pattern multiplication method is then used to calculate the radiation pattern of the antenna array based on the simulated results. Several numerical examples, including a square array, a hexagonal array, and a phased array, are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method not only reduces the computational time and memory usage but also significantly improves the accuracy. The proposed method provides a powerful tool for synthesizing and predicting the radiation pattern of array antennas and offers new avenues for optimizing array antennas and phased array antennas.
8
Shevchenko, M. E., A. B. Gorovoy, V. M. Balashov, and S. N. Solovyov. "Features of application of ESPRIT method for different configurations of antenna arrays." Issues of radio electronics, no. 12 (February 3, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2020-12-30-37.
Abstract:
The paper discusses the features of the application of the ESPRIT method, which provides direction finding of a variety of radio sources with minimal computational costs, including in real time. To be able to use ESPRIT, antenna arrays are required that have the property of shift invariance, and for practical implementation, antenna arrays are required that allow you to form estimates of the directions of arrival of the largest number of signals that overlap in the spectrum, with a minimum number of antennas and reception channels. The aim of the work is to analyze the influence of the antenna array configuration on the features of ESPRIT application for different antenna array with the same number of antennas. A comparative qualitative analysis of the properties and features compared to the MUSIC method is presented. The algorithms developed by the authors for processing multichannel data received by angle and square antenna arrays are presented. It is shown analytically that when using a corner antenna array, it is necessary to take into account the possible presence of signals from indistinguishable-mirror directions of arrival. With a square antenna array, there are no mirror directions of arrival of different signals, which simplifies the implementation of the algorithm. It is shown analytically and by simulation modeling that the configuration of a square antenna array allows to increase the number of simultaneously tracked signals that overlap in the spectrum, compared to a corner antenna array with the same number of antennas.
9
Bagus, Bambang, Sukahir Sukahir, Ayub Wimatra, and Fatmawati Sabur. "ANALISA PENINGKATAN GAIN ANTENNA MENGGUNAKAN ARRAY FEEDING PADA FREKUENSI X BAND." Jurnal Penelitian 8, no. 1 (April 13, 2023): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/jp.v8i1.1356.
Abstract:
Microstrip antennas are antennas that are often applied because of their simple structure and easy to apply. The purpose of the experiment was to design and analyze the results of microstrip antennas in CST applications with a frequency of 10.5 GHz. Experiments used single patch antennas, 1 x 2 arrays using 2 patches and 1 x 4 antenna arrays using 4 antenna patches. Each series has different characteristics of return loss, gain, VSWR, and axial ratio. Based on these experiments, the results were obtained, namely the return loss of single patch, array 1x2 and array 1 x 4 respectively were -19 dB, -11 dB and -19 dB, while antenna gain was 2.9 times, 9.09 times and 2.27 times. The lowest VSWR value is found in the single patch circuit while the highest is found in the 1 x 4 array antenna. The axial ratio of a single patch and an array of 1 x 4 has the same value of 40, while a series of arrays of 1 x 2 has an axial ratio value of 35. Based on these results, it can be concluded that each circuit has a specification of values that are not the same, but it is still included in the appropriate antenna criteria, namely VSWR <2 and return loss below -10 dB.
10
Gupta, Parul, Leeladhar Malviya, and S. V. Charhate. "5G multi-element/port antenna design for wireless applications:a review." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 9 (May 28, 2019): 918–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000382.
Abstract:
AbstractFifth generation (5G) is the current hot topic of the world's leading telecommunication companies. The compact designs of antennas made it possible for them to resonate at higher frequencies, thus to enable the devices to attain higher data rate as compared to 4G technology. Data rate of 5G technology for low mobility users is expected to be 50.0 Gbps and for high mobility users it is 5.0 Gbps. On the other hand, International telecommunication union's objective for 5G is 3 times more spectrally efficient thanlong-term evolution (LTE). The paper has carried out meticulous study over the impact of 5G antennas on the size of antenna, size/type of substrate, gain, efficiency, and isolation, etc. Also, different arrays andmultiple input multiple outputs (MIMOs) with patch antenna, magneto electric-dipole, microstrip grid array antenna, folded dipole, series-fed array, connected antenna array, MIMO are studied. The paper also includes the existing technology i.e 4G LTE and their isolation enhancement approaches. Many of the designs used the reflector plates to reduce the back lobe radiation problem in MIMO/array antennas to increase front-to-back ratio. The gain in 5G antennas can be increased by using balun, parasitic element as directors, multiple notch structures, three identical slot sub-arrays, etc. Mathematical equations of multi-element/port antennas are included to model the designed antennas. The beam steering is also included for the 5G technology in this paper.
11
Zhu, Junli, Mengfei Chen, Ziting Li, and Jingping Liu. "A Compact Planar Ultra-Wideband Array Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (October 10, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1339236.
Abstract:
Ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas have recently gained prominence in communication, radar technology, and electronic warfare domains. The quick development of these antennas is due to the wide bandwidth requirements of pulse radar, ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic compatibility, spaceborne communication systems, stealth target detection, and more. Aiming to address the defects of existing UWB antennas, which often have narrow bandwidth and low gain, a planar ultra-wideband microstrip array antenna was designed to achieve good ultra-wideband characteristics and effectively improve the gain of the antenna. The initial bandwidth of the rectangular monopole antenna was 10 GHz–20 GHz. After loading multiple steps on the monopole patch, the bandwidth was increased to between 10 and 38 GHz. Using the new ultra-wideband array method that combines series feed and angle feed and the defective ground structure (DGS), the array maintains the ultrawide bandwidth span of 10–38 GHz of the array element, and the maximum gain of the antenna in the bandwidth was increased from 5.18 dBi to 9.55 dBi. The challenge of impedance matching of antenna units in ultra-wideband is resolved by the novel array technique, which also increases the antenna’s gain within the bandwidth. The antenna simulation is consistent with the measurement results. With its extensive operating frequency band, high gain, compactness, and favorable radiation attributes, this newly designed antenna holds significant promise for application in UWB radar systems.
12
Abraham, Jacob, and Kannadhasan Suriyan. "Analysis of Tripleband Single Layer Proximity Fed 2x2 Microstrip Patch Array Antenna." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 13, no. 7 (September 30, 2022): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.13.7.1.
Abstract:
Microstrip patch antennas that are multiband and downsized are required to suit the high demand of modern wireless applications. To meet this need, a one-of-a-kind triple band array antenna has been proposed. The proposed 2x2 microstrip patch array, which comprises of four hexagon-shaped radiating patches are electromagnetically excited by a centrally positioned microstrip feed line in the same plane along with a slotted ground plane, is investigated. CST Microwave Studio, a powerful 3D electromagnetic analysis programme, was used to design and optimize the array antennas. The 2x2 array antenna was constructed on a FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a height of 1.6mm. To optimize energy coupling from the feed line to the radiating patches, the ground plane has an H-shaped groove cut into it. The suggested 2x2 array antenna's multi- frequency behaviour is shown. Three resonant peaks were detected at 1.891GHz, 2.755GHz, and 3.052GHz. The observed bandwidths for these resonances are 234MHz, 69MHz, and 75MHz, respectively, with measured gains of 7.57dBi, 6.73dBi, and 5.76dBi. The goal of this work is to design, build, and test a single layer proximity fed array antenna. Standard proximity fed array antennas contain two substrate layers; however this array antenna has only one. As a consequence, the impedance matching and alignment are better. Simulated and experimental results showed that the this 2x2 array antenna operates in various important commercial bands, such as L and S bands and the array antenna might be beneficial for a wide range of wireless applications. The proposed antenna has good Impedance, S11, and radiation qualities at resonant frequencies. In this work, the 2x2 array antenna with hexagon-shaped radiating patches was successfully created utilizing the single layer proximity fed antenna concept and gap coupled parasitic patches.
13
Sai Geethika, Sunkavalli, Etyala Kethan, Pilli Rishika, and Machunoori Mounica. "Design of Microstrip Rectangular 8x1 Patch Array Antenna for WiMAX Application." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101100.
Abstract:
In our daily lives, wireless communications are becoming increasingly significant. The antennas needed for these applications should be light weight, conveniently mountable, and have a broad bandwidth due to the rise in data rates and a tendency of tiny electronic devices for wireless digital applications. These requirements can be met by Microstrip Array Antennas. In this paper, the rectangular microstrip patch array antenna of frequency 2.5-3.5Ghz for WIMAX applications is designed in computer stimulation tool (CST). The antenna is fabricated using FR-4 Substrate material. The designed antenna’s performance is analysed in terms of voltage VSWR, s-parameters, radiation pattern, gain, directivity.
14
Yu, Guicai. "Algorithm to Estimate Direction of Arrival with Interpolated Array Elements for Coprime Array Holes." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 31, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1429628.
Abstract:
A novel method for adding antennas in the coprime arrays is introduced in this study, in order to solve the problem of the reduced degree of freedom of the array in the hole-existing coprime arrays. The minimum number of antennas interpolated in the algorithm maximizes the available degrees of freedom of virtual arrays, and the number of interpolated antennas does not change the original aperture size of the coprime arrays. With the proposed algorithm, the estimate of the direction of arrival is more accurate for a given signal-to-noise ratio. The scheme first finds the regular pattern of hole positions in virtual array elements, and then, according to the regular pattern, the position of the hole of the partial virtual array element is interpolated with the array element antenna at the position of the corresponding coprime arrays. The holes of the virtual array element are filled, giving virtual uniform continuous array elements with maximum degrees of freedom. We use the ESPRIT, and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy and resolution of estimates of the direction of arrival.
15
Shookooh, Besharat Rezaei, Alireza Monajati, and Hamid Khodabakhshi. "Theory, Design, and Implementation of a New Family of Ultra-Wideband Metamaterial Microstrip Array Antennas Based on Fractal and Fibonacci Geometric Patterns." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.1.53.
Abstract:
The theory and design of a new family of ultra-wideband (UWB) metamaterial (MTM) microstrip array antennas based on fractal and Fibonacci geometric patterns are investigated. First, the UWB microstrip array antenna is presented with two radiating MTM elements. Then, using fractal and Fibonacci geometric patterns, the array antenna is expanded. Improvements in the antenna parameters is achieved by repeating the second and third iterations of the fractal and Fibonacci patterns. As the order of iteration of the fractal and Fibonacci geometric patterns increases, the impedance bandwidth of the MTM microstrip array antenna increases, and its radar cross-section (RCS) decreases. The impedance bandwidth of the array antenna with two MTM elements is 3.37–9.2 GHz, while the bandwidth of the third-iteration Fibonacci and fractal MTM array antennas are 3.5–10.1 GHz and 3.55–10.34 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed array antennas exhibit lower RCS due to metal area reduction, with respect to the array antenna with two MTM elements.
16
Đặng Thị Từ, Mỹ. "Design of Zeroth-order resonance antenna array with a pair of DPS and ENG materials." Journal of Science and Technology Issue on Information and Communications Technology 12, no. 133 (December 31, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/b2018-140.
Abstract:
This paper proposes one-dimensional antenna arrays of the four-element and the eight-element using composite materials. Firstly, the single element is designed to resonate at Zeroth-order using a pair of Double positive (DPS) and Epsilon negative (ENG) materials meta-structured transmission line (MTL). Secondly, three of 1:2 T-Junction power dividers and seven of 1:2 T-Junction power dividers based on micro-strip technology are designed for feeding the four-element and the eight-element array antennas, respectively. Finally, the proposed arrays are optimized using FEM-based simulation to operate at the frequency of 8,5 GHz. The simulated results show that both antenna arrays have Zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) property, in which the four-element array has a bandwidth spreading from 8.39 to 8.61 GHz and a maximum gain of 8.82 dB while the other one of the eight-element array is 8.39 – 8.60 GHz and 12.2 dB, respectively. The proposed array antennas can be used for wireless applications or mobile communications.
17
Mathew, Jestin John, Nitish HS, Dr Jayavrinda V. V, and Dr Raghunandan S. "Implementation of Beam Steering using Phased Array Antennas." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (July 9, 2020): 1006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun716.
Abstract:
Beam steering is a phenomenon of varying the direction of the main lobe in the radiation pattern, so in radar systems it can be achieved by changing the relative phases of the antenna being implemented.But,some of the setbacks of implementing beam steering in mechanical antennas like microstrip antenna is that the directivity and, gain is low,and interference is very high.Whereas,in our project we have implemented beam steering using phased array antennas which has produced better results.So,an phased array antenna is electronically scanned antenna ,which produces a beam of radio waves that can be steered to different points based on our requirements by keeping the antenna stationary.Also,these type of antennas require less maintenance as compared to mechanical antennas
18
Potgieter, L., J. Joubert, and J. W. Odendaal. "Design of center-fed printed planar slot arrays." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 2 (December 9, 2015): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001701.
Abstract:
A design approach for printed planar slot array antennas is presented. The antenna array consists of half-wavelength slot radiators positioned on a rectangular grid, and a slotline feed network. Three planar slot array antennas for use in IEEE 802.11a applications are designed, a 2 × 2, a 2 × 4, and a 4 × 2 array, all radiating above an electric conductor ground plane placed a quarter-wavelength below the printed slots. These slot arrays have higher aperture efficiencies and occupy less space than typical microstrip patch arrays. The measured impedance bandwidths of the designed unidirectional slot arrays were 19.8, 15.3, and 16.7%, respectively, with peak gains of 11.7, 13.9, and 14.4 dBi. Measured results show very good agreement with the simulated results, which serves as validation of the array design procedure and the accuracy of the simulated results.
19
Ab Wahab, Norfishah, W. Nor Syafizan W. Muhamad, Zuhani Ismail Khan, and Suzi Seroja Sarnin. "Microstrip array antenna with inset-fed for WLAN application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp340-346.
Abstract:
<p>This paper proposed three designs of microstrip array patch antennas, to resonate at 2.4 GHz. The purpose of the study is to achieve size reduction with acceptable performance for wireless communication system applications. Based on the array concept, the array antennas are arranged using corporate network technique. It is found that the simulated 4x3 patch array antenna achieved the compact size with dimension reduced up to 26% compared to 4x1 and 4x2 array patch antennas. In terms of return loss, the antenna attenuated more than 19 dB. The 4x3 patch array antenna is fabricated and measured using RO4350 microstrip substrate to validate the concept. The responses are found in good agreement between simulation and measurement.</p>
20
C. Okoye, Arinze, Michael C. Ndinechi, and Christian C. Mbaocha. "Investigating the Impact of Diverging Spacing Factors on Array Antennas." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2023): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231119.
Abstract:
This paper analyzed the antenna patterns for dipole array antennas of diverging spacing factor. In order to minimize the complexity of the task required in the computation, we assumed a negligible width for the dipole elements. Thus, the current flowing through the wire is assumedly constant. The Array Factor for dipole array antennas of diverging spacing factor was derived via Magnetic Vector Potential model. The required radiation patterns for the antennas were generated using the MatLab simulation tools. The generated results showed a trade-off between directivity and power loss as expected. While the diverging spacing factor results to a swift increase in the directivity of the radiation pattern, it produces many ripples for an increase in the array antenna element. Keywords: dipole, array antennas, array factor, electromagnetic fields, diverging spacing factor, Magnetic Vector Potential.
21
Chen, Zhikun, Tao Li, Dongliang Peng, and Kang Du. "Two-Dimensional Beampattern Synthesis for Polarized Smart Antenna Array and Its Sparse Array Optimization." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2196049.
Abstract:
Polarized smart antenna array has attracted considerable interest due to its capacity of matched reception or interference suppression for active sensing systems. Existing literature does not take full advantage of the combination of polarization isolation and smart antennas and only focuses on uniform linear array (ULA). In this paper, an innovative synthesis two-dimensional beampattern method with a null that has cross-polarization for polarized planar arrays is proposed in the first stage. This method aims to further enhance the capability of interference suppression whose optimization problem can be solved by second-order conic programming. In the second stage, a new sparse array-optimized method for the polarized antenna array is proposed to reduce the high cost caused by the planar array that is composed of polarized dipole antennas. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods.
22
Zhou, Li, and Ming Hou. "Research and Analysis about Array Antennas in Mobile Communications." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.628.
Abstract:
Because the direction of a single antenna is limited, and for strengthening the direct radiant ability of the antenna, we will put the weaker direction antennas together in some way to constitute an antenna array system. The antenna array is also called the array antenna or a disperse antenna array. The antenna cell can be the symmetry center-fed dipole, the aperture antenna, the circle antenna or other forms of the antennas whose direction are limited. In practice, the antenna array is almost constituted of similar antenna cells. I have mainly completed the antenna array direction diagram in conditions of some kinds of parameters. And at last, I get the useful results for practice. This also provides theories basis for the analysis of smart antenna.
23
Viet. "A DESIGN SOLUTION FOR COMPACT SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ARRAY ANTENNAS BASED ON SIW TECHNOLOGY." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 72A (May 10, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.72a.2021.22-29.
Abstract:
Slotted waveguide array antenna is a crucial structure in microwave frequency antennas with many applications in radar and communications systems. Previously, slotted waveguide array antenna systems mainly used metal materials. The study of slotted array antenna based on the waveguided with SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology is a novel approach. The paper presents the results of researching, designing, and manufacturing waveguide slot array antenna with low SLL using SIW technology in X-band. The results will be an essential basis for selecting a design solution for slotted waveguide array antenna by SIW technology to replace traditional metal slot array antennas in practical applications in X band radar antenna systems.
24
Das, Debprosad, Md Farhad Hossain, Md Azad Hossain, Muhammad Asad Rahman, Md Motahar Hossain, and Md Hossam-E-Haider. "Phase delay through slot-line beam switching microstrip patch array antenna design for sub-6 GHz 5G band applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1625-1633.
Abstract:
Two, four, eight, and sixteen-element patch array antennas for beam switching are presented in this study. For a 1×2 array, an aperture-coupled feeding mechanism is used to feed patches while a slot line on the ground plane provides the phase delay between antenna elements. The 1×2 array is used to create the 2×2, 4×2, and 8×2 arrays, and an equal power divider provides the signal for each. For applications in the 5G sub-6 GHz frequency spectrum, the antennas are modeled. With -37.14 dB, -17.85 dB, -21.51 dB, and -26.03 dB return loss for two, four, eight, and sixteen-element array antennas respectively the simulation demonstrates that the antennas are properly matched at the resonant frequency. The antennas can switch its radiated beam to ±24<sup>o</sup>, ±24<sup>o</sup>, ±28<sup>o</sup>, and ±26<sup>o</sup> with gains of 8.97 dBi, 11.19 dBi, 13.23 dBi, and 16.24 dBi, respectively at the resonance frequency. The directivity of the proposed antenna is found to be 9.17 dBi, 11.20 dBi, 13.40 dBi, and 16.45 dBi respectively. The antennas are constructed with two 0.8 mm-thick Teflon substrate layers. The ground plane between the two substrate layers contains the aperture and the slot line that generates the phase delay.
25
Lan, Zhe-Peng, Rui Zhang, and Bao-Hua Sun. "A Novel Wave-transparent and Decoupling Antenna in Broadband Dual-Polarized Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Array." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2525, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2525/1/012019.
Abstract:
Abstract This letter proposes a novel wave-transparent and decoupling antenna in broadband dual-Polarized dual-Band shared-aperture array. It is implemented by kneading the double-arrow-stripe-shaped decoupling structure into the frequency-selective metasurface structure of the lower-frequency-band (LFB) antenna arms. The LFB antenna radiator can be considered as frequency-selective and array-decoupling metasurface for the higher-frequency-band (HFB) antennas placed below. The antenna system consists of 2 × 2 HFB (3.3-3.6 GHz)arrays and an LFB (1.65-2.58 GHz) antenna with wave-transparent and decoupled structure (WTDS). Then, without adding additional structure, the in-band isolations of co- and cross-polarized between HFB antennas are promoted to >25.6 dB and >25 dB only by relying on the antenna form of the LFB antenna itself.
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Ghorbani, Mehdi, and Habib Ghorbaninejad. "A Novel Ultrawideband Gear-Shaped Dielectric Ring Resonator Antenna." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8069873.
Abstract:
In this study, a novel ultrawideband (UWB) dielectric ring resonator (DRR) antenna has been proposed. DRR antennas include a single monopole antenna in the center of a ground plane and a dielectric with a symmetric structure around the monopole. This structure will lead to ultrawide band antenna. However, it is still possible to enhance the antenna bandwidth. In this study, we combine the DRR structure with an array antenna. The proposed antenna includes a circular array of four triangle resonators, which is rotated around the center of the triangle base to form a gear-shaped ring resonator antenna. In this design, characteristics of all these antennas are combined to enhance the antenna bandwidth including triangular dielectric resonator, circular array antenna, dielectric ring resonator structure, and a quarter-wave electric monopole. Triangular dielectric resonator antennas are wideband and in small size. Ring resonator antennas are inherently ultrawideband. Quarter-wave electric monopole and circular array structure can also enhance antenna bandwidth. This novel shape of the DRR antenna possesses the wider impedance bandwidth compared to similar works. Impedance bandwidth is 150% (5.2–36.1 GHz), and the bandwidth ratio is 1 : 6.9, which is much greater than earlier reports.
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Dwi Santoso, Agus, Fery Budi Cahyono, and Bambang Bagus Harianto. "DESAIN ANTENA MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR ARRAY 1x4 PADA FREKWENSI 2.2 UNTUK RADAR KAPAL." Jurnal Penelitian 8, no. 1 (April 13, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/jp.v8i1.1354.
Abstract:
This study aims to analyze antennas' characteristics at a frequency of 2.2 GHz, including the value of return loss, VSWR, gain, bandwidth, surface current, and radiation pattern. The antenna characteristics have been designed using simulations made with FR-4 substrates with a dielectric constant ε_r= 4.3 and substrate thickness (h) = 1.6 mm and copper patches with a patch thickness of 0.035 mm. Single antennas are made first to get the desired parameters, then continue to make 1x2 and 1x4 antenna arrays. The feeding antenna array is arranged using the Wilkinson power divider technique on the side of the patch. Antenna array planning aims to increase the antenna gain value as well as the antenna directivity value. From the simulation results, successive values were obtained starting from a single antenna, a 1x2 antenna array, and a 1x4 antenna array which included return loss of -22 dB, 25.9 dB, and -15.3 dB. Swr values are 1.1,1.1,1,1.4 each. The gain values are 3.38 dB, 5.52 dB, 7.84 dB, respectively. Antenna bandwidth is obtained by 100 MHz, 400 MHz, and 200MHz. The angular width obtained is 99.40, 92.20, and 80.20.
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Vinothkanna, R. "A Survey – Wearable Antenna Techniques and its Applications." December 2022 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2022.1.008.
Abstract:
Smart Antenna is an array of antennas which uses the smart signal processing algorithms to track and locate the client device using the direction of arrival of a signal. Smart Wearable Antennas are designed to function while being worn. Wearable antennas are used within the context of Wireless Body Area Networks. The wearable antenna is high in efficiency, miniature in size, and simple in structure, and is implemented with electrical performance and polarization effects, which helps in healthcare, medical and military applications, smart glasses, sensor devices in sports, etc. This research study reviews different wearable antenna technologies such as wearable textile antenna, microstrip antenna and wearable antenna array. Furthermore, the integrated different next generation antennas are also discussed.
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Vinothkanna, R. "A Survey – Wearable Antenna Techniques and its Applications." December 2022 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2023.1.008.
Abstract:
Smart Antenna is an array of antennas which uses the smart signal processing algorithms to track and locate the client device using the direction of arrival of a signal. Smart Wearable Antennas are designed to function while being worn. Wearable antennas are used within the context of Wireless Body Area Networks. The wearable antenna is high in efficiency, miniature in size, and simple in structure, and is implemented with electrical performance and polarization effects, which helps in healthcare, medical and military applications, smart glasses, sensor devices in sports, etc. This research study reviews different wearable antenna technologies such as wearable textile antenna, microstrip antenna and wearable antenna array. Furthermore, the integrated different next generation antennas are also discussed.
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Fallah, Mahmoud, and Mohammad Khalaj-Amirhosseini. "Meta-waveguide analysis and implementation for using as a slot array antenna." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001132.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper presents a novel concept named meta-waveguide structures to design slot array antennas based on metasurface. The proposed method investigates the geometrical parameters of the embedded metasurface and their relations to build up the engineered electric and magnetic fields to introduce efficient slot array antennas. This approach eliminates the necessity of using the well-known offsets in typical slot arrays, which can be benefited from linear array theorem. This idea is realized by employing successive filed curvature along the propagation direction, utilizing periodic metasurfaces. Thereafter, a step-by-step algorithm is recommended to design an efficient slot array antenna. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally validating the theoretical calculations.
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Lee, Doojin. "Study of metasurface coated bowtie antenna to decouple closely coupled arrays." AIP Advances 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 115108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107498.
Abstract:
This paper presents the numerical studies of the bowtie antenna with and without metasurface in cross-coupled arrays. The single bowtie antennas coated by the metasurface are designed at the neighboring frequency of 3 GHz. The cloaked frequency of the cloaked bowtie antennas is controlled by components that consist of metasurface such as the dielectric constant of the supporting material, slot width, spacing of the slot, and the height of the material. The cloaked bowtie antenna has characteristics such as the minimum reflection from the antenna at the designed frequency and, at the same time the radar cross section has a low value at the cloaked frequency. This characteristic has been intensively explored with closely cross-coupled antennas in array configurations as 1D lateral arrangement and 2D arrangement for the sequential and simultaneous modes. It is numerically confirmed that the characteristics of the cloaked coupled arrays are kept the same as those of a standalone array, which is shown to have robust characteristics to the mutual coupling between strongly coupled elements.
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Lei, Yufang, Lingxuan Zhang, Yulong Xue, Yangming Ren, Qihao Zhang, Wenfu Zhang, and Xiaochen Sun. "Suppressing grating lobes of large-aperture optical phased array with circular array design." Applied Optics 62, no. 15 (May 18, 2023): 4110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.488916.
Abstract:
An optical phased array (OPA), especially a two-dimensional (2D) OPA, suffers from the trade-off among steering range, beam width, and the number of antennas. Aperiodic 2D array designs currently aimed to reduce the number of antennas and reduce grating lobes within a wide range fall short when an aperture approaches millimeter size. A circular OPA design is proposed to address this issue. The circular design substantially reduces the number of antennas while achieving the same wide steering range and narrow beam width of optimized aperiodic 2D OPA designs. Its efficient suppression of grating lobes, the key to a wide steering range with minimal number of antennas and large antenna spacing, is theoretically studied and validated by simulation. The novel, to the best of our knowledge, design allows less than 100 antennas, orders of magnitude reduction, for millimeter size aperture OPA designs. It paves the way for commercialization by significantly reducing control complexity and power consumption.
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KEERTHANA, J., and Dr V. MOHAN. "OPTIMIZATION OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem25921.
Abstract:
This work aims to enhance the performance of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. These antennas are crucial components of modern wireless communication systems, particularly in the context of high-frequency applications like 5G. Designing these antennas to operate optimally is complex due to the various design parameters involved. This research employs the PSO algorithm in MATLAB to systematically refine the array antenna design. To optimize key performance metrics such as dimensions of antenna, gain, and bandwidth. This approach aims to create a highly efficient and customized antenna array. Consequently, this study offers insightful information on creating antennas with optimal performance for wireless communication systems. Index Terms— PSO, Gain, optimization, CST, Antenna Parameters, MATLAB.
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Wang, Sungsik, Hyunsoo Kim, Dongyoon Kim, and Hosung Choo. "Multi-Band Array Antenna Sharing a Common Aperture with Heterogeneous Array Elements." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 9348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189348.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a multi-band array antenna that shares a common aperture with heterogenous array elements. The multi-band array antenna includes one printed dipole antenna for the S-band and 3 × 3 array E-shaped patch antennas for the X-band. The current directions of the printed dipole and E-shaped antenna are orthogonal to each other, which properly diminishes the mutual coupling interference. To decrease the mutual coupling interference among the X-band components, we placed cavities using multiple vias surrounding the X-band components. To check the validity of the proposed design, the unit-cell was expanded to a 12 × 12 X-band array configuration, and then the beam steering properties were examined. The proposed antenna’s average gains are 5.2 dBi in the S-band and 5.2 dBi in the X-band. The bore-sight gain of the extended array configuration on the ship mast is 35.6 dBi. The results confirm that the proposed design is suitable for MFR applications even in a shared aperture.
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Joo, Taehwan, Chanho Hwang, Juman Park, Kichul Kim, and Jaesoo Jung. "Design of a Tile-Type Rx Multi-Beam Digital Active Phased Array Antenna System." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.1.r.55.
Abstract:
This paper details the design, manufacture, and performance test results of a highly integrated Rx multi-beam active phased array antenna for aerial communications. The proposed Rx phased array antenna comprises three tile-phased array antennas consisting of array antennas, radio frequency, and beamforming units. A performance test of the Rx antenna system revealed the system achieved gain-to-noise temperature of -6 dB/K and beam pointing accuracy of below 0.4° with four independently operable multi-beams. It is designed with compact size and less weight for various platforms.
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Nnamdi, Ugochukwu, Bourdillion Omijeh, and Ifeoma Asianuba. "Design and Optimization of a 2.4 GHz Antenna Array for Energy Harvesting." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (November 1, 2023): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).67.
Abstract:
In this paper, a 2.4GHz antenna array for wireless power transfer (WPT) was designed and optimized for energy harvesting using MATLAB Software. Antennas are essential communication tools in energy harvesting systems as such; they are used to transmit and receive signals. The designed antenna is a 2 x 4 microstrip array. The choice of the microstrip antenna stems from the fact that, it is a class of patch antenna which satisfies all low-level conditions for Radio frequency (RF) transmission. Array antennas are deployed to maximize the overall gain, improve signal reception and achieve excellent performance. The antenna specifications were used in the analysis of the antenna formulations. The simulation result obtained shows satisfactory parameters for energy harvesting. The maximum gain was improved from 17.0 dbi to 17.5 dbi after optimization. The reflection co-efficient was also maintained above a magnitude of -26.2db. The antenna also recorded low correlation co-efficient. With the growth of self-sustaining devices, antenna arrays for energy harvesting provides an innovative solution for ecofriendly technologies.
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Ponnapalli, V. A. Sankar, and P. V. Y. Jayasree. "A Three Valued Morse-Thue Fractal Tapering for Thinning of Fractal Array Antennas." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2016.25.
Abstract:
Fractal array antennas are multiband and broadband array antennas having space filling capability. But large Side lobe levels and the huge number of elements are the prominent challenges in the designing of these arrays. In this paper, analysis of linear and heptagonal fractal array antennas are investigated with a three valued Morse-Thue tapering technique. Due to this fractal tapering , a notable improvement has observed in array factor properties and thinning of the elements can be achieved at the various iterations of linear and heptagonal fractal array antennas. These array antennas are analyzed and simulated by MATLAB programming.
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Qu, Chunyu, Jianli Li, Junfang Bao, and Zhuangsheng Zhu. "Design and Development of Array POS for Airborne Remote Sensing Motion Compensation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 3420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143420.
Abstract:
Multi-antenna airborne remote sensing systems have received more attention recently because they can realize high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) imaging, such as array Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Their high-precision imaging needs multi-antenna motion and relative motion between antennas. However, the existing facility and technology hardly meet the motion measurement precision demand of array SAR. To solve this problem, an array Position and Orientation System (POS) for airborne remote sensing motion compensation is designed and developed. It is composed of a high-precision POS, several small-size Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), and a 6-D deformation measurement system based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. Firstly, the transfer alignment method based on 6-D deformation is used to measure the relative motion between array POS. Then, the motion conversion method from array POS to array SAR is presented to obtain the multi-antenna motion and relative motion between antennas. Finally, the ground experiment results identify that the accuracies of multi-antenna position, multi-antenna attitude, and flexible baseline length between antennas are superior to 3 cm, 0.01°, and 0.1 mm, respectively, which can meet the motion measurement precision demand of array SAR.
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Bansal, Preeti, and Nidhi Chahal. "Smart Antennas for Various Applications." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 4, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2022.07.31.316.
Abstract:
The paper presents about smart antennas for advancement in wireless and mobile communication. Smart antennas also called adaptive array antennas with better signal processing & can be used to calculate beam forming vectors which helps in tracking & locating antenna beam of target. Smart antennas are helpful in health monitoring in covid-19 pandemic and provides better service quality. Smart antenna is one of the rising innovations which can satisfy the prerequisites. Smart antennas are being used for controlling, monitoring and analyzing real time systems for various applications In smart antennas spatial division of the signal is used as compared to spectrum division, it can be beneficial for improving the performance of wireless communication. This paper describes how switched beam & adaptive array antennas differ from basic antennas.
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Tian, Wenchao, Daowei Wu, Qiang Chao, Zhiqiang Chen, and Yongkun Wang. "Application of genetic algorithm in M × N reconfigurable antenna array based on RF MEMS switches." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 30 (October 30, 2018): 1850365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918503657.
Abstract:
With the continuous development of the wireless communication, a device needs to integrate multiple antennas, which will lead to increased volume, increased cost, electromagnetic compatibility problems and increased weight. This paper presents a [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array based on RF MEMS switches. The modeling script of [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array is written in MATLAB by using MATLAB-HFSS-API. In order to quickly get a switch array with target frequency, genetic algorithm is applied to [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array. Taking the [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array as an example, a switch array with the resonant frequency of 3.81 GHz is searched from its 4096 switch arrays. The switch array found by genetic algorithm is 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0. The resonant frequency and S11 parameter of this switch array is 3.81 GHz and −20.96 dB. The search takes 6.77 h and the efficiency is 17 times of the simulating all switch arrays.
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Mohd Aminudin Jamlos, Nurasma Husna Mohd Sabri, Mohd Faizal Jamlos, Wan Azani Mustafa, Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus, Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani, Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani, and Mohd AL Hafiz Mohd Nawi. "5.8 GHz Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Arrays simulation for Point-to-Point Application." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 28, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.28.3.209220.
Abstract:
In this paper, the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna arrays for improving antenna gain is performed for point-to-point application. The proposed design is composed of four elements microstrip antenna with an array configuration operating at 5.8 GHz. Each element is constructed from four truncated arrays radiating elements and an inclined slot on each patch which capable to achieve circular polarized capability. The design of the 2x1 and 2x2 of rectangular microstrip array antenna was implemented from the designed of single rectangular patch antenna as the basic building element. The designed 2x1 and 2x2 array were fed by microstrip transmission line which applied a technique of quarter wave impedance matching. The antenna design was etched on Rogers RT 5880 substrate with 2.1 and 1.53 mm of dielectric constant and thickness respectively. All the designed structure were simulated in CST software. The main results of the designed antennas were compared in terms of gain, axial ratio and return loss. Based on the return loss simulation results, the designed antennas resonated exactly at the desired resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz which indicates good antenna designs. Compared to the single patch antenna having an antenna gain of 8.26 dB, the 2x1 and 2x2 arrays achieved a gain of 10.24 dB and 13.29 dB respectively. The results show that the designed rectangular microstrip antenna arrays have an improved gain performance over the single patch antenna.
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Stark, Alexander, Benjamin Rohrdantz, Ulf Johannsen, and Arne F. Jacob. "In-situ probes for patch antenna array calibration." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 3 (April 4, 2011): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000316.
Abstract:
A novel calibration network for patch antennas is proposed. We introduce magnetically coupled in-situ probes, which excite the fundamental patch mode. In that way, finite array effects and mutual coupling are taken into account, providing the opportunity for accurate online calibration of active antenna terminals. The specific advantages of the approach are demonstrated for linearly polarized patch antennas. Realization aspects of the multilayer antenna are discussed and the effect of some fabrication imperfections are investigated. Measured S-parameters as well as radiation simulation results of a single patch with the integrated probes are presented. Based on simulation of antenna arrays with in-situ probes the calibration accuracy is given in theory.
43
Wang, Wen-Qin. "Virtual Antenna Array Analysis for MIMO Synthetic Aperture Radars." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/587276.
Abstract:
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that employs multiple antennas to transmit orthogonal waveforms and multiple antennas to receive radar echoes is a recently proposed remote sensing concept. It has been shown that MIMO SAR can be used to improve remote sensing system performance. Most of the MIMO SAR research so far focused on signal/data models and corresponding signal processing algorithm. Little work related to MIMO SAR antenna analysis can be found. One of the main advantages of MIMO SAR is that the degrees of freedom can be greatly increased by the concept of virtual antenna array. In this paper, we analyze the virtual antenna array for MIMO SAR high-resolution wide-swath remote sensing applications. The one-dimensional uniform and nonuniform linear antenna arrays are investigated and their application potentials in high-resolution wide-swath remote sensing are introduced. The impacts of nonuniform spatial sampling in the virtual antenna array are analyzed, along with a multichannel filtering-based reconstruction algorithm. Conceptual system and discussions are provided. It is shown that high operation flexibility and reconfigurability can be obtained by utilizing the virtual antenna arrays provided by the MIMO SAR systems, thus enabling a satisfactory remote sensing performance.
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Zheng, Bin, Xiangyang Li, Xin Rao, and Na Li. "Multi-Beam Conformal Array Antenna Based on Highly Conductive Graphene Films for 5G Micro Base Station Applications." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 9681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249681.
Abstract:
Recently, micro base station antennas have begun to play a more important role in 5G wireless communication, with the rapid development of modern smart medical care, the Internet of things, and portable electronic devices. Meanwhile, in response to the global commitment to long-term carbon neutrality, graphene film has received significant attention in the field of antennas due to its low carbon environmental impact and high electrical conductivity properties. In this work, a conformal array antenna based on highly conductive graphene films (CGF) is proposed for 5G millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. The proposed antenna consists of three antenna arrays, with eight patch elements in each array, operating at 24 GHz, with linear polarization. Each antenna array’s current amplitude distribution coefficient is constructed by synthesizing a series-feeding linear array using the Chebyshev method. The measurement results demonstrated that the proposed CGF antenna exhibits a peak realized gain higher than 8 dBi in the bandwidth of 23.0–24.7 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves three independent beams from bore-sight to ±37° in conformal installations, with a cylinder radius of 30 mm, showing excellent beam-pointing performance. These characteristics indicate that the CGF can be used for the design of MMW micro base station antennas, fulfilling the requirements of the conformal carrier platform for a lightweight and compact antenna.
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Holder, Marvin Alexander Samuel, and Mark Eberspächer. "Systematic methods for the synthesis of equidistant MIMO arrays." Advances in Radio Science 21 (December 1, 2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-15-2023.
Abstract:
Abstract. Finding a feasible antenna arrangement for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) arrays to serve a specific purpose is a first crucial step towards a successful MIMO radar system design. Design methods to synthesize uniformly weighted and equidistant MIMO arrays are proposed and investigated. The methods can be used to gain a design foundation for 1D or 2D arrays without software tools or programming effort. Since the presented approach does not consider electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic full-wave simulations might be required additionally. The method is based on sequentially copying and displacing antenna groups with the help of a number scheme. A nomenclature is proposed to classify the degrees of freedom in the design procedure. If the antennas are aligned to a uniform grid, a polynomial representation of the array can be chosen alternatively. This method is beneficial when redundancies of a produced array and where they appear must be analyzed. A new design problem arises when an array is to consist of only transceiving antennas, which can be analyzed with polynomial multiplication. One strategy to find a suitable MIMO array consisting of transceiver elements is given and evaluated.
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G.Bhatkoorse, Rohini, and Dr Mahesh A. "Design and Simulation of Metamaterial based Circularly Polarized Antenna Array." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (August 14, 2021): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08417.
Abstract:
The microstrip patch array antenna is usually designed as a broadside radiator. The radiating area of the patch can be of any planar shape from elliptical to square, but rectangular is preferred over other shapes. When elements of antenna are repeated, it is called as an array of antennas. When the distance between antennas is reduced, mutual coupling effect occurs. This effect occurs when the distance between the antennas is less than 0.5and this affects the gain and efficiency of the antennas. This effect can be reduced by using metamaterials. To reduce the mutual coupling between the antenna elements the metamaterial structure is artificially designed to obtain negative permittivity and permeability using HFSS and the results are verified using MATLAB. These metamaterials are placed between the patch elements of 1×2 circularly polarized array antenna when the distance between the patches is 0.2 for both RT duroid and FR4 epoxy substrate for 5GHz resonant frequency.
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Bai, B. W., X. P. Li, Y. M. Liu, and J. Xu. "Effects of Reentry Plasma Sheath on Mutual-Coupling Property of Array Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/542392.
Abstract:
A plasma sheath enveloping a reentry vehicle would cause the failure of on-board antennas, which is an important effect that contributes to the “blackout” problem. The method of replacing the on-board single antenna with the array antennas and using beamforming technology has been proposed to mitigate “blackout” problem by many other researchers. Because the plasma sheath is a reflective medium, plasma will alter the mutual coupling between array elements and degrade the beamforming performance of array antenna. In this paper, the effects of the plasma sheath on the mutual coupling properties between adjacent array elements are studied utilizing the algorithm of finite integration technique. Results show that mutual coupling coefficients of array elements are deteriorating more seriously with the decrease of collision frequency. Moreover, when electron density and collision frequency are both large, plasma sheath improves the mutual coupling property of array elements; this conclusion suggests that replacing the on-board single antenna with the array antennas and using beamforming technology can be adopted to mitigate the blackout problem in this condition.
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Wee, F. H., F. Malek, Farid Ghani, S. Sreekantan, and A. U. Al-Amani. "High Gain and High Directive of Antenna Arrays Utilizing Dielectric Layer on Bismuth Titanate Ceramics." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/375751.
Abstract:
A high gain and high directive microstrip patch array antenna formed from dielectric layer stacked on bismuth titanate (BiT) ceramics have been investigated, fabricated, and measured. The antennas are designed and constructed with a combination of two-, four-, and six-BiT elements in an array form application on microwave substrate. For gain and directivity enhancement, a layer of dielectric was stacked on the BiT antenna array. We measured the gain and directivity of BiT array antennas with and without the dielectric layer and found that the gain of BiT array antenna with the dielectric layer was enhanced by about 1.4 dBi of directivity and 1.3 dB of gain over the one without the dielectric layer at 2.3 GHz. The impedance bandwidth of the BiT array antenna both with and without the dielectric layer is about 500 MHz and 350 MHz, respectively, which is suitable for the application of the WiMAX 2.3 GHz system. The utilization of BiT ceramics that covers about 90% of antenna led to high radiation efficiency, and small-size antennas were produced. In order to validate the proposed design, theoretical and measured results are provided and discussed.
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Pasternak, Yuri G., Vladimir A. Pendyurin, and Kirill S. Safonov. "Antenna array with switching scanning in elevation plane." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 24, no. 3 (November 18, 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2021.24.3.100-106.
Abstract:
It is known that the most reliable communication in hard-to-reach places such as the Arctic, Tundra, Taiga is satellite communication [1-5]. Therefore, for satellite communications, it is necessary to develop your own antenna arrays. This article discusses a waveguide-slot antenna array with a Luneburg lens for a mobile satellite communications terminal, which provides a continuous and stable signal. This antenna operates in the 10.9 to 14.5 GHz frequency range. Possesses vertical polarization. The overall dimensions of the antenna array are: diameter of the diagram-forming lens 256 mm (thickness 5 mm, material FLAN 2.8 (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015)); waveguide length 600 mm (internal section 10.5 mm by 5 mm, filling FLAN 2.8). Slotted waveguide antennas and lens are made of standard FLAN 2.8 material (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015) 5mm thick, foiled on both sides. There are 17 coaxial cables to the HF switch (equal lengths are not required), the scanning step in elevation is 5 degrees. When using 54 waveguide-slot antennas and 18 switch inputs, a scanning sector in elevation of 90 degrees is provided. All the nodes were pre-modeled separately a cylindrical Luneburg lens with suitable waveguides, excited by slits; slotted waveguide antennas; coaxial-waveguide transitions.
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Radzivilov, H., M. Ilyinov, and P. Khomenko. "Features computation diagram of annular direction antenna arrays what made on half-wave vibrators located above cylindrical surface." Communication, informatization and cybersecurity systems and technologies, no. 5 (June 1, 2024): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58254/viti.5.2024.12.130.
Abstract:
The use of antenna-feeder devices, especially installed on moving objects, indicates the need to modernize and develop new type antenna devices to increase the efficiency of the radio communication system in conditions of active radio electronic suppression. One of the options for providing interference protection in communication channels with moving objects is the use of narrowly directed Smart antennas with a controlled directional pattern. Smart antennas, which are also called intelligent antennas, are one of the varieties of phased antenna arrays. Smart antennas use a set of radiating elements built in the form of grids. The most widespread are the ring antenna arrays, which are characterized by their compactness and great functionality. The relevance of the task of designing Smart antennas is to reduce the total number of emitters without degrading the antenna parameters. This task is particularly important for antennas with circular radiation patterns in communication systems with moving objects. The obtained results clearly show the possibilities of ring antenna arrays layout, depending on the radius of the antenna array and the radius of the cylindrical support, and under which conditions the geometric dimensions of the ring antenna arrays will preserve the coefficient of uniformity of the directional pattern. In order to reduce the number of vibrators in such antennas, the maximum distance between the vibrators is usually found, at which the uniformity of β directional diagrams does not decrease below a given level. To find the permissible distance, you can calculate the dependence of β on the radius of the grating directly when calculating the azimuthal directional diagrams of the antenna. To solve this problem, the external characteristics of the ring antenna arrays performed on half-wave symmetric vibrators in ideal conditions and vibrators placed over a cylindrical surface were considered.