Relevant bibliographies by topics / Array

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Array'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Array"

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Abdellatif, Ahmed Shehata, Wenyao Zhai, Hari Krishna Pothula, and Morris Repeta. "Array of Arrays: Optimizing Phased Array Tiles." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 20, no. 5 (May 2021): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2021.3061281.

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Weitzman, Jonathan B. "Array-of-arrays." Genome Biology 2 (2001): spotlight—20010201–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20010201-01.

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Mukit, Naimul, Md Rafiqul Islam, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, A. H. M. Zahirul Alam, Khaizuran Abdullah, Norun Farihah Abdul Malek, Rauful Nibir, Noor Hidayah M. Adnan, and Eid Osman. "Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-array." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1529.

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Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.
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Mervis, J. "An Array of Arrays." Science 275, no. 5298 (January 17, 1997): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5298.300b.

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Micheva, K. D., N. O'Rourke, B. Busse, and S. J. Smith. "Array Tomography: Production of Arrays." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2010, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): pdb.prot5524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5524.

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Micheva, K. D., N. O'Rourke, B. Busse, and S. J. Smith. "Array Tomography: Imaging Stained Arrays." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2010, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): pdb.prot5526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5526.

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Yang, T. C., and Zhengzheng Ye. "Array gain of coprime arrays." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 146, no. 3 (September 2019): EL306—EL309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5126924.

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Wittstock, Gunther. "Sensor arrays and array sensors." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 372, no. 1 (December 8, 2001): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-001-1149-y.

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Streibl, Nörbert, Uwe Nölscher, Jürgen Jahns, and Susan Walker. "Array generation with lenslet arrays." Applied Optics 30, no. 19 (July 1, 1991): 2739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.30.002739.

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Liu, Qiaoge, Buhong Wang, Xia Li, Jiwei Tian, Tianhao Cheng, and Shuaiqi Liu. "An optimizing nested MIMO array with hole-free difference coarray." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823201055.

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According to the newly proposed nested MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Input Multiple Output Multiple Array) array design method, we propose to replace the traditional nested array into an optimizing nested array, ie, to optimizing nested MIMO array design. It not only retains the original advantage of nested MIMO array design closed expression with array element position and degree of freedom(DOF), but also greatly improves the array aperture and DOF. Optimizing nested MIMO array firstly uses the optimizing nested array as the transmitting and receiving arrays, and then make the difference set processing for the coarray of MIMO array (coarray, CA). By properly designing the array spacing of the transmitting and receiving arrays, we can obtain a non-porous difference array. When the total number of array elements is given, by analyzing the characteristics of the array structure, the best array element number of the transmitting and receiving arrays can be obtained. Simulation experiments show that compared with the nested MIMO array design, the proposed method can effectively expand the array aperture, increase the DOF, and increase the DOA estimation accuracy of the MIMO radar without increasing the number of actual array elements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Array"

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Albannay, Mohammed Masoud. "Array of antenna arrays." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/75576/1/Mohammed_Albannay_Thesis.pdf.

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Antenna arrays are groups of antenna elements spaced in a geometrical pattern. By changing the phase excitation of each element, the array is capable of transmitting electromagnetic waves strongly in a chosen direction with little or no radiation in another direction, thus controlling the array's radiation pattern without physically moving any parts. An antenna array of sub-arrays replaces conventional antenna elements with compact circular arrays with potential for improved performance. This thesis expands on the concept by exploring the development, realisation and operation of an array of subarrays. The overall size of the array essentially remains the same, but the array's performance is improved due to having steerable directive subarrays. The negative effects of strong mutual coupling between closely spaced elements of a subarray are analysed and a number of new solutions for element decoupling are proposed.
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Tzanidis, Ioannis. "Ultrawideband Low-Profile Arrays of Tightly Coupled Antenna Elements: Excitation, Termination and Feeding Methods." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316439948.

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Alsawaha, Hamad Waled. "Synthesis of Ultra-Wideband Array Antennas." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54553.

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Acquisition of ultra-wideband signals by means of array antennas requires essentially frequency-independent radiation characteristics over the entire bandwidth of the signal in order to avoid distortions. Factors contributing to bandwidth limitation of arrays include array factor, radiation characteristics of the array element, and inter-element mutual coupling. Strictly speaking, distortion-free transmission or reception of ultra-wideband signals can be maintained if the magnitude of the radiated field of the array remains constant while its phase varies linearly with frequency over the bandwidth of interest. The existing wideband-array synthesis methods do not account for all factors affecting the array bandwidth and are often limited to considering the array factor and not the total field of the array in the synthesis process. The goal of this study is to present an ultra-wideband array synthesis technique taking into account all frequency-dependent properties, including array total pattern, phase of the total radiated field, element field, element input impedance, and inter-element mutual coupling. The proposed array synthesis technique is based on the utilization of frequency-adaptive element excitations in conjunction with expressing the total radiated field of the array as a complex Fourier series. Using the proposed method, element excitation currents required for achieving a desired radiation pattern, while compensating for frequency variations of the element radiation characteristics and the inter-element mutual coupling, are calculated. An important consideration in the proposed ultra-wideband array design is that the "phase bandwidth", defined as the frequency range over which the phase of the total radiated field of the array varies linearly with frequency, is taken into account as a design requirement in the synthesis process. Design examples of linear arrays with desired radiation patterns that are expected to remain unchanged over the bandwidth of interest are presented and simulated. Two example arrays, one with a wire dipole as its element and another using an elliptically-shaped disc dipole as the element are studied. Simulation results for far-field patterns, magnitude and phase characteristics, and other performance criteria such as side-lobe level and scanning range are presented. Synthesis of two-dimensional planar arrays is carried out by employing the formulations developed for linear arrays but generalized to accommodate the geometry of planar rectangular arrays. As example designs, planar arrays with wire dipoles and elliptical-shaped disc dipoles are studied. The simulation results indicate that synthesis of ultra-wideband arrays can be accomplished successfully using the technique presented in this work. The proposed technique is robust and comprehensive, nonetheless it is understood that the achieved performance of a synthesized array and how closely the desired performance is met also depends on some of the choices the array designer makes and other constraints, such as number of elements, type of element, size, and ultimately cost.
Ph. D.
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El-Makadema, Ahmed Talal. "Large scale broadband antenna array systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/large-scale-broadband-antenna-array-systems(d2586bcf-4d2f-4046-98bf-90860b52565b).html.

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Broadband antenna arrays have become increasingly popular for various imaging applications, such as radio telescopes and radar, where high sensitivity and resolution are required. High sensitivity requires the development of large scale broadband arrays capable of imaging distant sources at many different wavelengths, in addition to overcoming noise and jamming signals. The design of large scale broadband antenna arrays requires large number antennas, increasing the cost and complexity of the overall system. Moreover, noise sources often vary, depending on their wavelengths and angular locations. This increases the overall design complexity particularly for broadband applications where the performance depends not only on the required bandwidth, but also on the frequency band.This thesis provides a study of broadband antenna array systems for large scale applications. The study investigates different tradeoffs associated with designing such systems and drives a novel design approach to optimize both their cost and performance for a wide range of applications. In addition, the thesis includes measurements of a suitable array to validate the computational predictions. Moreover, the thesis also demonstrates how this study can be utilized to optimize a broadband antenna array system suitable for a low frequency radio telescope.
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Jafri, Ahsan. "Array signal processing based on traditional and sparse arrays." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2019. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/23072/.

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Array signal processing is based on using an array of sensors to receive the impinging signals. The received data is either spatially filtered to focus the signals from a desired direction or it may be used for estimating a parameter of source signal like direction of arrival (DOA), polarization and source power. Spatial filtering also known as beamforming and DOA estimation are integral parts of array signal processing and this thesis is aimed at solving some key probems related to these two areas. Wideband beamforming holds numerous applications in the bandwidth hungry data traffic of present day world. Several techniques exist to design fixed wideband beamformers based on traditional arrays like uniform linear array (ULA). Among these techniques, least squares based eigenfilter method is a key technique which has been used extensively in filter and wideband beamformer design. The first contribution of this thesis comes in the form of critically analyzing the standard eigenfilter method where a serious flaw in the design formulation is highlighted which generates inconsistent design performance, and an additional constraint is added to stabilize the achieved design. Simulation results show the validity and significance of the proposed method. Traditional arrays based on ULAs have limited applications in array signal processing due to the large number of sensors required and this problem has been addressed by the application of sparse arrays. Sparse arrays have been exploited from the perspective of their difference co-array structures which provide significantly higher number of degrees of freedoms (DOFs) compared to ULAs for the same number of sensors. These DOFs (consecutive and unique lags) are utilized in the application of DOA estimation with the help of difference co-array based DOA estimators. Several types of sparse arrays include minimum redundancy array (MRA), minimum hole array (MHA), nested array, prototype coprime array, conventional coprime array, coprime array with compressed interelement spacing (CACIS), coprime array with displaced subarrays (CADiS) and super nested array. As a second contribution of this thesis, a new sparse array termed thinned coprime array (TCA) is proposed which holds all the properties of a conventional coprime array but with $\ceil*{\frac{M}{2}}$ fewer sensors where $M$ is the number of sensors of a subarray in the conventional structure. TCA possesses improved level of sparsity and is robust against mutual coupling compared to other sparse arrays. In addition, TCA holds higher number of DOFs utilizable for DOA estimation using variety of methods. TCA also shows lower estimation error compared to super nested arrays and MRA with increasing array size. Although TCA holds numerous desirable features, the number of unique lags offered by TCA are close to the sparsest CADiS and nested array and significantly lower than MRA which limits the estimation error performance offered by TCA through (compressive sensing) CS-based methods. In this direction, the structure of TCA is studied to explore the possibility of an array which can provide significantly higher number of unique lags with improved sparsity for a given number of sensors. The result of this investigation is the third contribution of this thesis in the form of a new sparse array, displaced thinned coprime array with additional sensor (DiTCAAS), which is based on a displaced version of TCA. The displacement of the subarrays generates an increase in the unique lags but the minimum spacing between the sensors becomes an integer multiple of half wavelength. To avoid spatial aliasing, an additional sensor is added at half wavelength from one of the sensors of the displaced subarray. The proposed placement of the additional sensor generates significantly higher number of unique lags for DiTCAAS, even more than the DOFs provided by MRA. Due to its improved sparsity and higher number of unique lags, DiTCAAS generates the lowest estimation error and robustness against heavy mutual coupling compared to super nested arrays, MRA, TCA and sparse CADiS with CS-based DOA estimation.
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Han, Yi. "Development of nonlinear reconfigurable control of reconfigurable plants using the FPGA technology." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=td_cput.

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Manninen, O. (Olli). "Modelling the antenna arrays using MATLAB-application Sensor Array Analyzer." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201705302196.

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In this thesis, the antenna arrays researched and modelled using Sensor Array Analyzer- application (SAA) from MATLAB. The objective is to explore the array modelling capabilities of the SAA application. This thesis shows that SAA is versatile software for modelling the radiation patterns using 2D or 3D plots, but there are couple of missing features. SAA allows user to import the used code to MATLAB for code modification. Data imported from MATLAB to SAA using variables, for example importing dipole, antenna locations for conformal array and complex coefficients for beamforming. Antenna array wideband usage at SAA discussed and example shown. At SAA, grating lobes seen at 2D and 3D plots and grating lobe- diagram is also used and explained. SAA has no built-in option for mutual coupling compensation. Other practical method for modelling and compensation of mutual coupling are discussed
Tässä kandidaatintyössä tutkittiin eri geometrian omaavia antenniryhmiä ja niiden mallinnusta MATLAB-ohjelmiston lisäosan SAA:n (Sensor Array Analyzer) avulla. Tehtävänä oli tutkia antenniryhmän eri osa-alueiden mallinnuksen mahdollisuuksia ja rajoituksia kyseisellä ohjelmistolla. Tutkimuksen tuloksena todetaan, että SAA on monipuolinen ohjelmisto antenniryhmien säteilykuvioiden graafiseen havainnollistamiseen 2D- tai 3D-muodossa, vaikkakin muutama perusominaisuus puuttui. Työssä tutkittiin, miten SAA-ohjelmistosta voidaan siirtää käytetty koodi MATLAB-ohjelmistoon sen mahdollista lisämuokkausta varten ja kuinka MATLAB-ohjelmistosta tuodaan tietoa SAA-ohjelmistoon erilaisina muuttujina. Muuttujia tarvitaan esimerkiksi, kun ohjelmistoon tuodaan antennin säteilykuvio, tai sovellettu antenniryhmä sekä niiden kompleksiset kertoimet keilanmuodostusta varten. Laajakaistaisten antenniryhmien säteilykuvion mallinnusta testattiin ja havainnollistettiin. Sivukeiloja, joilla on sama teho pääkeilan kanssa, tarkasteltiin ja niiden havainnollistamiseen luotua diagrammia testattiin. Antennien välisen keskinäiskytkennän mallintamisen mahdollisuuksia tarkasteltiin ja sen vaikutusta säteilykuvioon pohdittiin. Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli selvittää SAA-ohjelmiston pääpiirteiset ominaisuudet ja heikkoudet. Kyseistä tietoa käytetään antenniryhmien keilasynteesiä tutkiessa. Antenniryhmiä voi mallintaa huomattavasti nopeammin ja helpommin käyttämällä SAA-ohjelmistoa, kuin kirjoittamalla itse MATLAB-koodi tai simuloimalla antenniryhmän sähkömagneettinen 3D-malli. Ohjelmiston heikkoudetkin voidaan välttää muokkaamalla koodia haluamalla tavalla. Antenniryhmiä tullaan tulevaisuudessa hyödyntämään IoT-laitteissa ja langattomassa 5G teknologiassa
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Sharma, Akshay. "Place and route techniques for FPGA architecture advancement /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6108.

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Leonard, Cathy Wood. "Optical feeds for phased array antennas." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80079.

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This thesis investigates optical feed methods for phased array antennas. The technical and practical limitations are analyzed and an optimum design is determined. This optimum optical feed is a two-beam interferometric approach which uses acoustooptic phase control. The theory is derived; a computer model is developed; and the limitations are determined. Design modifications are suggested which reduce limitations and greatly extend the range of applications.
Master of Science
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Takamizawa, Koichiro. "Array antenna synthesis including element and feed coupling." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76146.

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Precise radiation pattern control for an array antenna requires precise control of array element excitations. One application is that of low side lobe patterns. Classical synthesis methods for the desired pattern may not be realized in practice due to coupling effects. Coupling occurs in two forms: the mutual coupling between array elements and the coupling introduced by the feed networks. Ideally one could account for such coupling within the array architecture during the design process and alter the feed network parameters to adjust for such coupling. Unfortunately, this is a nonlinear problem requiring special solution techniques. This report presents the solution techniques for determining feed network parameter values that compensate for antenna-feed network coupling. Scattering parameter representations of the antenna array and the feed networks are used. Examples of various array configurations for microstrip antenna arrays and for dipole arrays are included.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Array"

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Gu, Yu Jeffrey, ed. Arrays and Array Methods in Global Seismology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3680-3.

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Arrays and array methods in global seismology. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.

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Visser, Hubregt J. Array and Phased Array Antenna Basics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470871199.

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Array and Phased Array Antenna Basics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006.

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Cadell, Elizabeth. Bridal array. Bath: Chivers, 1995.

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Benesty, Jacob, Israel Cohen, and Jingdong Chen. Array Processing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15600-8.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Apocalypse array. New York, NY: A ROC Book, 2004.

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1955-, Trimberger Stephen, ed. Field-programmable gate array technology. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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Bhattacharyya, Arun K. Phased Array Antennas. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471769126.

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Yan, Shefeng. Broadband Array Processing. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6802-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Array"

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Marquis, Hank, and Eric A. Smith. "Arrays and Array Manipulation." In A Visual Basic 6 Programmer’s Toolkit, 1–21. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5125-5_1.

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Ziomek, Lawrence J. "Array Theory – Volume Arrays." In An Introduction to Sonar Systems Engineering, 381–408. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003259640-9.

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Ziomek, Lawrence J. "Array Theory – Planar Arrays." In An Introduction to Sonar Systems Engineering, 319–80. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003259640-8.

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Ziomek, Lawrence J. "Array Theory – Linear Arrays." In An Introduction to Sonar Systems Engineering, 191–276. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003259640-6.

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Weik, Martin H. "array." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_842.

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Ragunathan, Vivek. "Arrays—Not [] But cli::array." In C++/CLI Primer, 61–63. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2367-3_21.

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Rost, Sebastian, and Christine Thomas. "Improving Seismic Resolution Through Array Processing Techniques." In Arrays and Array Methods in Global Seismology, 3–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3680-3_2.

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Chivers, Ian, and Jane Sleightholme. "Whole Array and Additional Array Features." In Introducing Fortran 95, 123–34. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0403-2_11.

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Chivers, Ian, and Jane Sleightholme. "Whole Array and Additional Array Features." In Introduction to Programming with Fortran, 113–30. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-233-9_8.

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Chivers, Ian, and Jane Sleightholme. "Whole Array and Additional Array Features." In Introduction to Programming with Fortran, 143–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75502-1_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Array"

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Taghizadeh, Mohammad R., Jari Turunen, Brian Robertson, Antti Vasara, and Jan Westerholm. "Passive Optical Array Generators." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1991.me23.

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Recent progress in designing and manufacturing space-invariant optical array generators is described. We begin by demonstrating Dammann gratings [1] that generate even-numbered arrays as large as 128x128, and odd-numbered arrays of up to 201x201 spots. The concept of a hybrid hologram [2] is applied to the fabrication of array generators, and extremely high-efficiency (close to 90%) components are obtained. Several novel types of array generators with multiple phase levels are introduced. These can e.g. reconstruct arrays with different fan-out at different angles of incidence. The application of rigorous diffraction theory to design highly efficient and compact array generators is also discussed.
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Suh, Ho Hyung, Chong Hoon Kwak, and Jong Sool Jeong. "Design and fabrication of a binary phase grating for a selective-order-missing spot array." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thu.7.

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The binary phase gratings (BPGs) for generating multispot array1 (called Dammann grating) are promising optical fan-out elements for applications including fiber-optic star couplers, free-space optical interconnections, and multiple image arrays. The conventional BPGs, however, have been so far mainly developed for odd numbered spot array generation because of its simplicity of design algorithm.2 We present a novel method of designing the BPGs for generating selective order missing (SOM) spot arrays including odd numbered, even numbered3, and irregularly spaced spot array. Gradient descent rule with variable target values in the merit function is introduced as a nonlinear optimization algorithm. The uniformity of the SOM array is very high such that the standard deviation of the beam array intensity is less than 10−6. It is also found that when the structure of the grating is symmetric in a period, it should be anti-symmetric in each half period in order to get an even numbered spot array, and vice versa. The designed BPGs are also experimentally demonstrated using the conventional e-beam lithographic technique on a quartz substrate. The SOM spot array may be applicable to the digital optical processing systems using S-SEED and smart pixel devices.
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Baggeroer, A. B. "Sonar Arrays and Array Processing." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1916655.

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Fry, R. D., D. A. Gray, and L. A. Balzan. "MIMO arrays and array shading." In IET International Radar Conference 2009. IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0401.

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Lombardo, P., R. Cardinali, D. Pastina, M. Bucciarelli, and A. Farina. "Array optimization and adaptive processing for sub-array based thinned arrays." In 2008 International Conference on Radar (Radar 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4653917.

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Zinter, J. Robert. "Compound superposition array." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.faa7.

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Gradient-index (GRIN) arrays exist in nature as compound eyes. The two types of compound eye are the superposition and apposition eye. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication, and testing of an array of imaging elements which is in direct analogy with the superposition compound eye. The first-order design of the array is based on the superposition imaging of two GRIN rods tilted with respect to each other; these rods are referred to as the array unit. The array unit is then replicated about a sphere to encompass theoretically 360 solid degrees, i.e., 4π sr. Placement of the array units is based on the principles of geodesic engineering. Analysis for the array’s performance was developed based on third-order aberrations.
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Osiński, Marek, William Streifer, and Amos Hardy. "Coupled-Mode Analysis of Chirped Phased-Array Semiconductor Lasers." In Semiconductor Lasers. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sla.1987.tha6.

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Many applications of high-power phased-array diode lasers require the laser emission to have a single-lobe, narrow far-field pattern. Only the lowest-order supermode has this property, hence all higher-order array modes should be suppressed. Considerable attention has been given to phased arrays with variable channel width [1] or nonuniform spacing [2]. Such chirped arrays have been considered in search of a design that might result in stable, lowest-order supermode operation. We have recently reported results of coupled-mode analysis for uniform arrays as well as chirped arrays with linear, triangular, and saw-tooth profiles [3]. This paper complements the previous work in that a number of new designs is considered. In particular, we examine for the first time the effects of simultaneously varying the channel width and spacing in the same array.
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Mawst, L. J., D. Botez, S. S. Ou, M. Sergant, and T. J. Roth. "Self-aligned stripe antiguided diode-laser array." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mk2.

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Phase-locked arrays of antiguides (negative-index guides) have demonstrated the unique ability to operate in phase with diffraction-limited beams to high pulsed and cw output powers. These types of sources are desirable for many applications, such as space communications, second-harmonic generation, and optical-disk recording, because they are monolithic and require no active phase control. Optimal performance from these array structures is obtained when the device is properly designed to operate close to the resonance condition of the in-phase mode. To achieve such a resonant optical waveguide (ROW) array requires accurate control of thicknesses and aluminum compositions of the passive guide layer and the cladding layers between array elements. In previously reported antiguided arrays, the antiguides are created by the second-phase growth of an AlGaAs passive guide layer, a (lower-index) AlGaAs cladding layer, and a GaAs cap layer between array elements. However, because these layers are grown over an etched array pattern in a second-phase growth, the resulting layers are curved and their thicknesses are difficult to reproducibly control.
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Hohimer, J. P., G. R. Hadley, and A. Owyoung. "Injection-Seeding Studies of Diode Laser Array Behavior." In Semiconductor Lasers. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sla.1987.tha9.

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The recent development of high-power diode laser arrays has motivated considerable experimental and theoretical work aimed at understanding the behavior of these devices and improving their operating characteristics. Previous experimental techniques for studying the behavior of diode arrays have concentrated largely on examining the near- and far-field emission patterns of free-running devices. By spectrally resolving these emission patterns, as many as five distinct "supermodes" have been shown to simultaneously oscillate in an array operating 20% above threshold. 1,2 External grating cavities have also been used with anti-reflection coated arrays to force oscillation in various array modes and to show that modes of order higher than the number of gain stripes can exist in gain-guided arrays.3,4
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Twyford, Elizabeth J., Tristan J. Tayag, Nan Marie Jokerst, and Paul A. Kohl. "Surface Relief Grating Array on GaAs Waveguides for Optical Spot Array Generation." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1995.omc13.

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Optical spot array generators are useful for inputs to optical processing and computing systems. In this paper we demonstrate rib waveguides overlaid with many micrometer-scale grating areas which produces an array of optical beams. This beam array generator can produce a regular matrix of spots which processors such as S-SEED arrays require, as well as spot patterns in less regular shapes, such as L-shape, which are useful for other types of processors [1]. The grating outcoupler approach offers an advantage over the binary phase grating approach to spot array generation because arbitrary patterns can be implemented with the flexible arrangement of the grating areas. In addition, this technique is relatively insensitive to variations in input wavelength (e.g. mode-hopping in a semiconductor laser) and to temperature variations of the device. Finally, the highly directional nature of grating outcoupling yields beams with very low divergence, easing alignment tolerances.
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Reports on the topic "Array"

1

Zhang. L52052 Control of Horizontal Beam Width with Phased Array Transducers. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010945.

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Accurate defect sizing is becoming more and more critical in pipeline welds due to the application of Engineering Critical Assessment, demanding deep sea applications, the arrival of high performance piping, and increased public safety demands. This project improved horizontal beam focusing for automated ultrasonic testing; curved arrays, focused lenses and electronic focusing using phased arrays were investigated. Two target applications were selected: thickwalled risers and tendons, and thinner walled high performance pipes for onshore. Extensive computer modeling was performed to optimize the focusing. The recommended array for thick-walled pipes has 360 elements in three rows, and is mechanically curved. The results from this 1.5D and a standard 1D array on a thick-wall calibration block showed that the 1.5D array had significantly better sizing. Also important, side lobes were significantly reduced. Computer modeling showed that a 60 element, 1 mm pitch array with a 100 mm curvature gave significant improvements over the standard unfocused array. The experimental results showed a significant improvement; the curved array oversized FBH reflectors by only ~1 mm, instead of the 4�6 mm from the unfocused array. These curved arrays can be used on PipeWIZARD with no modifications to the general mechanics or software.
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Hodgkiss, William S. Array Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280836.

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Silverman, Timothy J., Peter McNutt, and John Wohlgemuth. Photovoltaic Array Field Characterization Report. University of Toledo R1 Arrays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225348.

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Simpson, Thomas B. Fiber Laser Array. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403729.

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Lari, S. Detector array design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/184277.

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Wickman, Michael, and Phil Hayashida. Microlaser Array Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada303461.

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Kailath, Thomas. Sensor Array Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262820.

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Scarbrough, Kent, Stephen K. Mitchell, and J. M. Hovenga. Shallow Water Array Performance (SWAP): Array Element Localization and Performance Characterization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569081.

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Jacobson, K. W., S. Duffy, and K. Kowalewsky. Population array and agricultural data arrays for the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/661532.

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Nabity, James. MEMS Colloid Thruster Array. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada438599.

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