Dissertations / Theses: 'Arousal'

1

Eriksson, Johan, and Sissel Södermyr. "Omedveten arousal i butiksmiljön : Om arousals påverkan på kunders beteende och upplevelse." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-56694.

Full text

Abstract:

Titel: Omedveten arousal i butiksmiljön. Nyckelord: Arousal, omedveten arousal, servicescape, butiksmiljö, konsumtionsbeteende, GSR-armband, eyetracking, elektrodermal aktivitet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer som framkallar omedveten arousal i en riktig butiksmiljö. Vidare vill vi undersöka om skillnader i kundrelaterade konsumtionsvariabler påverkar omedveten arousal. Metod: Studien kombinerar en kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats där 60 respondenter deltog i studien. Data samlades in via två enkäter, GSR-armband och ett par eyetracking-glasögon. Bidrag: Studien har bidragit med en kategorisering av omedvetna arousalutslag baserat på vad respondenter reagerat på i butiken. Skillnader i kundrelaterade konsumtionsvariabler har identifierats i förhållande till omedveten arousal. Originalitet: Med hjälp av studiedesignen har data kunnat samlas in i en riktig butiksmiljö. Respondenterna har således kunnat handla som vanligt i en miljö med andra kunder, personal och fysiska faktorer i butiken.
Title: Unconscious arousal in a store environment. Key words: Arousal, unconscious arousal, servicescape, store environment, consumer behavior, GSR-wristband, eye tracking, electrodermal activity. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to examine what factors evoke unconscious arousal in a real store environment. We will also examine if there are any differences in customer related consumption variables which affect unconscious arousal. Method: The study combines a quantitative and a qualitative approach where 60 respondents participated in the study. Data was collected by two surveys, a GSR-wristband and a pair of eyetracking-glasses. Contributions: The study has contributed with a categorization of unconscious arousal peaks based on what the respondents reacted to in the store. Differences in customer related consumption variables have been identified in relation to unconscious arousal. Originality: The study design has allowed data to be collected in a real store environment. The respondents have been able to shop as usual in an environment with other customers, staff and physical factors in the store.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Boström, Patrik. "Arousal-induced memory augmentation." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16586.

Full text

Abstract:

Emotional events are often better preserved in memory than events without an emotional component. Emotional stimuli benefit from capturing and holding the attention of a perceiver to a higher degree than more emotion-neutral stimuli. Arousal associated with experiencing emotionally valenced stimuli or situations affects every major stage in creating, maintaining and retrieving lasting memories. Presented in this thesis were models delineating the behavioral and neurological mechanisms that might explain arousal-induced effects on subsequent memory outcome. Based on a study of relevant literature, findings were presented in this thesis that highlight amygdala activation as crucial for the enhancement of memory generally associated with emotional arousal. The amygdala modulates processing in other areas of the brain involved in memory. Heightened levels of norepinephrine, stemming from sympathetic nervous system activation, underlies observable arousal-induced memory effects and seem to be a crucial component in enabling glucocorticoid augmentation of memory. Arousal seems to further amplify the biased competition between stimuli that favors the neural representation of motivationally relevant stimuli and stimuli of a sensory salient nature. The aim of this thesis was to outline the impact of emotional arousal on different stages of memory processing, including processes for memory formation, strengthening of memory traces, and eventual subsequent retrieval.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Gendron, Marie-Josée. "The effects of arousal on memorial accuracy, a comparison of arousal as part of content material and arousal as part of contextual environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ54381.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Perez, Ricardo J. "Setting, arousal and interpersonal attraction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23202.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wallberg, Nicole. "Detaljminne vid påverkan av emotionell arousal." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55386.

Full text

Abstract:

Forskning visar att människor huvudsakligen återger starkt emotionellt laddade händelser väl. Information och detaljer runt omkring händelsen har dock visat sig vara betydligt svårare att rapportera, jämfört med centrala detaljer som är kritiska för den känslomässiga upplevelsen. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekter av emotionell arousal beträffande minne för central respektive perifer detaljinformation. Hypotesen var att negativt känsloladdad information påverkar minnet positivt beträffande centrala detaljer, men negativt för perifera detaljer. Två experiment utfördes, där kontrollgruppen i båda experimenten förevisades 15 neutrala färgbilder föreställande vardagliga situationer. Samma bildspel visades för experimentgruppen, förutom att den åttonde bilden var utbytt mot en arousal-väckande obehaglig bild. I experiment 1 testades undersökningsdeltagarnas minne av detaljer ifrån dessa bilder. I experiment 2 lades ett igenkänningstest till i ett försök att främja minne. Resultaten från båda experimenten var i linje med hypotesen då experimentgruppen mindes den centrala detaljen bättre än kontrollgruppen, och ytterst få undersökningsdeltagare kunde rapportera den perifera detaljen ifrån den arousal-väckande bilden. Studien visar att människor som bevittnat händelser av negativt känsloladdad karaktär inte kan förväntas rapportera en helhetsbild av händelsen, vilket är av yttersta vikt i vittnespsykologiska sammanhang.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dawson, Spencer Charles. "Memory, Arousal, and Perception of Sleep." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10640182.

Full text

Abstract:

People with insomnia overestimate how long it takes to fall asleep and underestimate the total amount of sleep they attain. While memory is normally decreased prior to sleep onset, this decrease is smaller in insomnia. Insomnia generally and the phenomena of underestimation of sleep and greater memory prior to sleep area associated with arousal including cortical, autonomic, and cognitive arousal. The goal of the present study was to simultaneously examine arousal across these domains in relation to memory and accuracy of sleep estimation.

Forty healthy adults completed baseline measures of sleep, psychopathology, and memory, then maintained a regular sleep schedule for three nights at home before spending a night in the sleep laboratory. On the night of the sleep laboratory study, participants completed measures of cognitive arousal, were allowed to sleep until five minutes of contiguous stage N2 sleep in the third NREM period. They were then awoken and asked to remain awake for fifteen minutes, after which they were allowed to resume sleeping. For the entire duration that they were awake, auditory stimuli (recordings of words) were presented at a rate of one word per 30 seconds. Participants slept until morning, estimated how long they were awake and then completed memory testing, indicating whether they remembered hearing each of the words previously presented along with an equal number of matched distracter words.

Memory was greatest for words presented early in the awakening, followed by the middle and end of the awakening. High cortical arousal prior to being awoken was associated with better memory, particularly for the early part of the awakening. High autonomic arousal was associated with better memory for the late part of the awakening. Cognitive arousal was not associated with memory. Longer duration of sleep prior to being awoken was associated with better memory for the middle of the awakening. Better memory at baseline was associated with better memory, specifically in the middle of the awakening. Contrary to expectation, memory for the awakening was not associated with accuracy of the perceived length of the awakening.

The present study found complementary associations between cortical and autonomic arousal and memory for an awakening from sleep. This suggests that decreasing arousal in both domains may reduce the discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep in insomnia. This also suggests the initial magnitude of decrements in cognitive performance after being awoken are related to deeper proximal sleep initially, while speed of improvement in cognitive performance is related to longer prior sleep duration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Dawson, Spencer Charles, and Spencer Charles Dawson. "Memory, Arousal, and Perception of Sleep." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626312.

Full text

Abstract:

People with insomnia overestimate how long it takes to fall asleep and underestimate the total amount of sleep they attain. While memory is normally decreased prior to sleep onset, this decrease is smaller in insomnia. Insomnia generally and the phenomena of underestimation of sleep and greater memory prior to sleep area associated with arousal including cortical, autonomic, and cognitive arousal. The goal of the present study was to simultaneously examine arousal across these domains in relation to memory and accuracy of sleep estimation. Forty healthy adults completed baseline measures of sleep, psychopathology, and memory, then maintained a regular sleep schedule for three nights at home before spending a night in the sleep laboratory. On the night of the sleep laboratory study, participants completed measures of cognitive arousal, were allowed to sleep until five minutes of contiguous stage N2 sleep in the third NREM period. They were then awoken and asked to remain awake for fifteen minutes, after which they were allowed to resume sleeping. For the entire duration that they were awake, auditory stimuli (recordings of words) were presented at a rate of one word per 30 seconds. Participants slept until morning, estimated how long they were awake and then completed memory testing, indicating whether they remembered hearing each of the words previously presented along with an equal number of matched distracter words. Memory was greatest for words presented early in the awakening, followed by the middle and end of the awakening. High cortical arousal prior to being awoken was associated with better memory, particularly for the early part of the awakening. High autonomic arousal was associated with better memory for the late part of the awakening. Cognitive arousal was not associated with memory. Longer duration of sleep prior to being awoken was associated with better memory for the middle of the awakening. Better memory at baseline was associated with better memory, specifically in the middle of the awakening. Contrary to expectation, memory for the awakening was not associated with accuracy of the perceived length of the awakening. The present study found complementary associations between cortical and autonomic arousal and memory for an awakening from sleep. This suggests that decreasing arousal in both domains may reduce the discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep in insomnia. This also suggests the initial magnitude of decrements in cognitive performance after being awoken are related to deeper proximal sleep initially, while speed of improvement in cognitive performance is related to longer prior sleep duration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ryder, Kelsey. "Influence of media on physiological arousal." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Terry, Lesley L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Food, feeding and female sexual arousal." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2510.

Full text

Abstract:

Feederism is a fat fetish subculture that eroticizes eating, feeding, and gaining weight. This thesis attempts to explain the practice of Feederism using an evolutionary approach. Chapter one examines the historical and cross-cultural meaning of fat and its association with fertility, health, and beauty. Chapter one also reviews the current literature on fat admiration and Feederism, and introduces some possible explanations for what Feederism is, and how it can be conceptualized. Chapter two describes a case study that was conducted on a female member of the Feederism community. The results of this case study add support to the hypothesis that Feederism is paraphilic. Chapter three describes a psychophysiological study that tested how members of the general population respond to and rate feeding stimuli. This study was conducted to determine whether Feederism is an exaggeration of a more normative and functional mate selection strategy. The results of this study demonstrate that males and females both respond to and rate feeding stimuli similarly. No definitive conclusions were drawn with respect to the exaggeration hypothesis, because, although participants did subjectively rate the feeding stimuli as more sexually arousing than neutral stimuli, they did not genitally respond to the feeding stimuli significantly more than to the neutral stimuli. Chapter four summarizes the results of the two studies and discusses how these finding might inform future research on paraphilias, courtship, and intimacy.
viii, 128 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kerr, John H. "Arousal mechanisms, attention and sports performance." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10947/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is concerned with the relationship between arousal mechanisms, attentional processes and competitive sports performance. Theoretical interpretations of the arousal-performance relationship have traditionally followed the inverted-U hypothesis. Based on this approach, the generally accepted view in sports psychology is that high levels of arousal are detrimental to good performance. A review of the relevant psychological literature reveals the limited nature of such an approach and draws attention to alternative perspectives such as those offered by the work of Apter and that of Cox and Mackay. These more recent theoretical approaches allow more sophisticated interpretations of the individual's experience of arousal to be realised. Important here are other aspects of the individual's psychological state (cognition and emotion) as these are thought to affect his or her interpretation of arousal. Interestingly, the two theories, developed independently by Apter and by Cox and Mackay, appear consistent, one with the other, and have not previously been applied to the study of competitive sport. Several different research techniques were incorporated into a research design which used squash players of varying levels of ability to examine the various psychological factors important in their experience of and performance in competitive squash. The research techniques, some of which were innovative, proved effective indentifying the interaction of arousal and stress in relation to competitive performance. It was concluded that psychological preparation and experience (i.e. number of years, number of times per week played), along with personality characteristics and attentional strategies, contribute to success in competitive squash. Fluctuations in emotional responses characterised players whose performance was unsuccessful. By way of contrast, successful players' (i.e. successful in terms of level of ability attained, skill performance and winning games) psychological responses were more consistent. They achieved and maintained high levels of arousal both prior to and during performance. High arousal was, for successful players, accompanied by low stress and positive hedonic tone when they were subject to the demands of competitive squash games. Overall, successful players (that is skilled players in Study 2 and winners from Study 3) were highly extravert and significantly less neurotic (Eysenck) than other groups of players. Telic dominance was not a discriminating characteristic in this investigation, but successful players' attentional styles were significantly different, as defined by Nideffer's BIT and INFP subscales, to those styles or strategies employed by less capable players. Successful players generally employed psychological preparation strategies prior to and during play to a greater extent than other players. When doing so, they were more concerned with cognitive strategies, in the form of focussing and planning, than arousal modulation strategies. The present research investigation advanced knowledge about the processes involved in competitive sports, providing new and relevant information. As a result, a number of suggestions for squash coaching and player development, along with implications for cognitive intervention with sports performers, have emerged.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Eaton, Elizabeth Jane. "Paradoxical breathing and arousal from sleep." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320131.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

El-Beheiry, Hossam El-Dean Mohamed. "Mechanisms of anaesthetic depression of neocortical arousal." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30695.

Full text

Abstract:

The most widely accepted hypotheses suggest that general anaesthetics interrupt conscious processes in the brain by decreasing synaptic excitation or by potentiating synaptic inhibition, especially in the neocortex. The putative transmitters in the neurological systems that generate neocortical arousal include acetylcholine, glutamate and γ-aminobutyrate (GABA). The primary objective here was to determine the neuronal mechanisms by which anaesthetics may obtund this arousal. The majority of the investigations were carried out on pyramidal neurons in layers IV and V of guinea pig neocortex (in vitro slices), using intracellular recording and pharmacological, including microiontophoretic, techniques. Bath applications of structurally dissimilar anaesthetics, isoflurane - a halogenated ether, and Althesin - a steroidal preparation, in concentrations of 0.5-2.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and 10-1300 μM, respectively, produced a small hyperpolarization (3-5 mV) which was associated with an increase in input conductance (10-30%). The lower concentrations (0.5-1.5 MAC and 10-200 μM) of these agents which are most relevant to the production of unconsciousness did not significantly affect the passive membrane properties. However, they produced striking decreases in spontaneous activities and the repetitive spike firing evoked by orthodromic (electrical) stimulation or intracellular current injections. Because the observed changes in membrane properties could not explain the reduction in neuronal excitability, the effects of anaesthetics were investigated extensively on excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs). The application of isoflurane or Althesin induced a dose-dependent, reversible depression in the amplitude of EPSPs, with EC₅₀s of 1 MAC and ~50 μM, respectively. The IPSPs also were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In order to eliminate possible shunting of the EPSPs by the GABA-activated Cl-conductance that produces the IPSP in the observed EPSP-IPSP sequence, a GABA[symbol omitted]-antagonist, bicuculline, was additionally applied. Despite this IPSP-blockade, the anaesthetics strongly depressed the EPSPs as well as epileptiform activities evoked by subpial electrical stimulation. In cognizance of the possibility that a postsynaptic attenuation of responsiveness to transmitter substances may be involved in the EPSP depression, the neuronal sensitivities to acetylcholine, glutamate. and GABA were determined. Anaesthetic administration markedly reduced the depolarizations and associated conductance changes evoked by dendritic applications of acetylcholine, glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The hyperpolarizing responses to somatic applications of GABA were not affected significantly whereas the depolarizing effects observed with its dendritic application were slightly depressed. Same degree of selectivity also was evident from the lower EC₅₀s for the isoflurane- and Althesin-induced depressions of responses to acetylcholine compared with glutamate. Under in vitro conditions of hypomagnesia the responses to acetylcholine were totally blocked and the order of depression in the responses to GABA and glutamate was reversed; this may be of importance in the mechanism for the known increase in anaesthetic requirements in clinical syndromes associated with hypomagnesaemia. Because the genesis of synaptic transients is affected by Ca²⁺ influx or disposition, the interactions of anaesthetics were investigated on spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). The AHPs which are produced specifically by a Ca²⁺ -activated K⁺ -conductance were suppressed by the anaesthetics in a dose-dependent manner under conditions where contaminating IPSPs had been blocked by bicuculline. Since the passive membrane properties were unaffected, an interference with a transmembrane Ca⁺ -influx may be involved in the anaesthetic actions. The effects of anaesthetics on glutamate-induced and voltage-dependent increases in intraneuronal Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]i) were determined in cultured hippocampal neurons with a Ca-sensitive probe (Fura-2) and microspectro- fluorometric techniques. Isoflurane application depressed the increases in [Ca²⁺]i. produced by application of glutamate under conditions where its actions would be favoured at NMDA- and quisqualate-subtypes of receptors. K⁺ -induced increases in [Ca²⁺]i also were reduced by application of isoflurane, probably due to actions on voltage-dependent Ca-channels in the membrane. These investigations have provided evidence for the first time that excitatory transmitter actions in neocortex are selectively depressed by anaesthesia. A plausible mechanism would include suppression of the postsynaptic Ca-conductances associated with the AHPs and glutamatergic, as well as cholinergic interactions at pre- and post-synaptic sites on neurons involved in neocortical arousal.
Medicine, Faculty of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Looman, Jan. "Sexual arousal in rapists and child molesters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ52836.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Klein, Carolin. "The endocannabinoid system and female sexual arousal." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/35739.

Full text

Abstract:

Evidence from several lines of research points to the potential role of the endocannabinoid system in female sexual functioning. This evidence includes results from studies describing the subjective effects of exogenous cannabinoids on sexual functioning in humans and the observable effects of exogenous cannabinoids on sexual functioning in other species, as well as the results from studies investigating the location of cannabinoid receptors in the brain and periphery, and the effects of cannabinoid receptor activation on neurotransmitters implicated in sexual functioning. However, while these lines of research are suggestive of a role of the endocannabinoid system in female sexual functioning, no studies investigating the relationship between levels of endogenous cannabinoids (i.e., arachidonoylethanolamide [anandamide or AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG]) and sexual functioning, or investigating the effects of exogenous cannabinoid use on physiological measures of sexual functioning in humans, have been conducted. Experiments 1 and 2 of the present dissertation are the first known studies to measure and examine circulating endocannabinoid levels in relation to both subjective and physiological indices of sexual arousal in women. Experiment 3 is the first known study to examine the relationship between exogenous cannabinoid use and physiological sexual arousal in women. Physiological sexual arousal in all three studies was measured via the vaginal photoplethysmograph. Although the results of Experiment 1 did not reveal an association between endocannabinoid levels and female sexual arousal, the results of Experiment 2 revealed a significant relationship, whereby increases in both physiological and subjective indices of sexual arousal were significantly associated with decreases in endocannabinoid (AEA and/or 2-AG) levels. Experiment 3 revealed that women who use marijuana show significantly smaller increases in physiological sexual arousal in response to erotic film stimuli than women who do not use marijuana. The findings from these studies support the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system plays a role in female sexual functioning. This line of research has broad clinical and research implications, not only in terms of furthering understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying female sexual functioning, but also in terms of finding effective treatments for sexual dysfunctions in women.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

O'Driscoll, Denise Marie. "Arousal from sleep : mechanisms and cardiovascular consequences." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423274.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Choi, Seungwon. "Regulation of Behavioral Arousal in C. elegans." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10808.

Full text

Abstract:

Animals undergo periods of behavioral quiescence and arousal in response to environmental, circadian, or developmental cues. During larval molts, C. elegans undergoes a period of profound behavioral quiescence termed lethargus. Locomotion quiescence during lethargus was abolished in mutants lacking a neuropeptide receptor (NPR-1), and was reduced in mutants lacking NPR-1 ligands (FLP-18 and -21). Wild type strains are polymorphic for the npr-1 gene, and their lethargus behavior varies correspondingly. Locomotion quiescence and arousal were mediated by decreased and increased secretion of an arousal neuropeptide (PDF-1) from central neurons. PDF receptors (PDFR-1) expressed in peripheral mechanosensory neurons enhanced touch-evoked calcium transients. Thus, a central circuit stimulates arousal from lethargus by enhancing the sensitivity of peripheral mechanosensory neurons in the body. These results define a circuit mechanism controlling a developmentally programmed form of quiescence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Drinnan, Michael. "Assessment of arousal in respiratory sleep disorders." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kalas, Amy Jeanne. "Joint Attention Responses to Simple Versus Complex Music of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/18.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of simple versus complex music on joint attention of children with ASD. Thirty children with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) participated in this study, 15 with a diagnosis of Severe ASD and 15 with a diagnosis of Mild/Moderate ASD. Each participant took part in six, 10-minute individual music conditions over a three-week period, each designed to elicit responses to joint attention. The two music conditions, Simple Music versus Complex Music, were differentiated by the level of complexity in the melody, harmony, rhythm, and accompaniment. One half of the participants received three sessions of the Simple Music Condition the first week followed by a week of no treatment, followed by three sessions of the Complex Music Condition the next week. One half of the participants received three sessions of the Complex music condition the first week, followed by a week of no treatment, followed by three sessions of the Simple Music Condition the next week. The dependent variable of responding to a bid for joint attention (RJA) was analyzed in a mixed design ANOVA. Results indicated no statistically significant difference between functioning groups, controlling for music modality, F (1, 28) = 2.135, p = 0.155. Therefore, no main effect emerged for functioning level on RJA scores. Results also indicated no statistically significant difference between the simple and complex RJA scores, controlling for functioning level, F (1, 28) = 0.330, p = 0.570. Therefore, no main effect emerged for music modality on RJA scores. Results indicated a statistically significant interaction between music modality and functioning level, F (1, 28) = 20.089, p < 0.01. Therefore, the effect of simple versus complex music was dependent on functioning level. Specifically, the Simple Music Condition was more effective in eliciting RJA for children diagnosed with Severe ASD, whereas the Complex Music Condition was more effective in eliciting RJA for children diagnosed with Mild/Moderate ASD. The results of this study will inform the development of specific and effective therapeutic protocols for increasing joint attention behaviors in both children diagnosed with Severe ASD and children diagnosed with Mild/Moderate ASD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Fine, Cordelia. "Expectation violations and emotional learning." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249469.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Dow, Jamie. "The role of emotion-arousal in Aristotle's Rhetoric /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/501.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Simonsson-Sarnecki, David. "KOGNITIV PROBLEMLÖSNING UNDER STRESS : PÅVERKAR FYSIOLOGISK AROUSAL PRESTATIONEN?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42847.

Full text

Abstract:

Förmågan att prestera under akut eller kraftig stress är en förutsättning för en del yrken. Forskningsresultaten gällande hur stress påverkar prestation pekar åt olika håll. Denna studie undersökte sambandet mellan fysiologisk arousal och kognitiv problemlösningsförmåga under stress. Trettiotvå polisstudenter testades på Ravens test av flytande intelligens APM set II både före och efter att antingen ha sprungit i tjugo minuter eller haft en självskyddslektion på ca fyrtio minuter. Resultaten från en mixed ANOVA för beroende mätningar visade på en signifikant interaktionseffekt (F (30) = 6,547, p < 0,05) – en ökning i prestationen hos självskyddsgruppen med arton procent och en minskning med femton procent hos löpningsgruppen. En möjlig förklaring till skillnaden i prestation kan vara att självskyddsträningen ger upphov till en annorlunda mental och kognitiv aktivering än löpningen. Graden av arousal kunde vidare inte förklara skillnaderna mellan grupperna och begreppets användbarhet i detta sammanhang kan kanske ifrågasättas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Winters, Jason. "Dysregulated sexuality, sexual desire and sexual arousal regulation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5633.

Full text

Abstract:

The studies described in this dissertation examined the relationships among dysregulated sexuality, heightened sexual desire and sexual arousal regulation. Study one addressed the association between dysregulated sexuality, commonly referred to as sexual compulsivity, sexual addiction or sexual impulsivity, and sexual desire. A sample of 14,396 men and women, some of who had sought treatment for sexual compulsivity, addiction or impulsivity, completed an online survey comprised of various sexuality measures. Male and female treatment groups scored significantly higher on dysregulated sexuality and sexual desire, and for all groups, dysregulated sexuality was associated with increased sexual desire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that in both male and female participants, regardless of treatment status, dysregulated sexuality and sexual desire variables loaded onto a single underlying factor. The final stage of analyses showed that sexual desire can account for the relationship between dysregulated sexuality and risky sexual behavior. The results suggest that dysregulated sexuality, as currently conceptualized, may simply be an indicator of heightened sexual desire and the distress associated with managing a high degree of sexual thoughts, feelings and needs. The objectives of study two were to examine the effectiveness of emotional reappraisal in regulating male sexual arousal, and to evaluate the relationships between sexual arousal regulation, and sexual desire and dysregulated sexuality. Participants completed a series of online sexuality questionnaires, and were subsequently assessed for their success at regulating sexual arousal in the laboratory. Results showed that the ability to regulate emotion crosses emotional domains; those men best able to regulate sexual arousal were also the most skilled at regulating their level amusement to humourous stimuli. Participants, on average, were somewhat able to regulate their physiological and cognitive sexual arousal, although there was a wide range of regulation success. While some were very adept at regulating their sexual arousal, others became more sexually aroused while trying to regulate. Age, sexual experience and sexual compulsivity were unrelated to sexual arousal regulation. Conversely, sexual excitation, inhibition and desire correlated with sexual arousal regulation success. Increased sexual excitation and desire were associated with poorer regulatory performance while propensity for sexual inhibition was related to regulatory success.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Suschinsky, Kelly D., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "An examination of psychophysiological measures of sexual arousal." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/527.

Full text

Abstract:

The scientific study of sex has developed significantly since the inception of psychophysiological methods to assess sexual arousal. Sexual psychophysiology involves assessing the physiological activation of the sexual response system, in addition to mental, behavioral, and emotional processes or experiences (Rosen & Beck, 1988). Measures of sexual arousal are reviewed in Chapter One. Chapter Two describes a study testing the validity of the most commonly used measure of genital arousal in women, vaginal photoplethysmography. Results indicate that vaginal photoplethysmography is sensitive to sexual arousal only, and that there are important sex differences in patterns of physiological arousal to sexual stimuli. Directions for future research are discussed.
x, 176 leaves ; 29 cm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Dow, Jamie P. G. "The role of emotion-arousal in Aristotle’s Rhetoric." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/501.

Full text

Abstract:

The principal claim defended in this thesis is that for Aristotle arousing the emotions of others can amount to giving them proper grounds for conviction, and hence a skill in doing so is properly part of an expertise in rhetoric. We set out Aristotle’s view of rhetoric as exercised solely in the provision of proper grounds for conviction (pisteis) and show how he defends this controversial view by appeal to a more widely shared and plausible view of rhetoric’s role in the proper functioning of the state. We then explore in more detail what normative standards must be met for something to qualify as “proper grounds for conviction”, applying this to all three of Aristotle’s kinds of “technical proofs” (entechnoi pisteis). In the case of emotion, meeting these standards is a matter of arousing emotions that constitute the reasonable acceptance of premises in arguments that count in favour of the speaker’s conclusion. We then seek to show that Aristotle’s view of the emotions is compatible with this role. This involves opposing the view that in Rhetoric I.1 Aristotle rejects any role for emotion-arousal in rhetoric (a view that famously generates a contradiction with the rest of the treatise). It also requires rejecting the view of Rhetoric II.2-11 on which, for Aristotle, the distinctive outlook involved in emotions is merely how things “appear” to the subject.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Williams, Jill A. "The effects of emotional arousal on decision making." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516117.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Pijeira, Díaz H. J. (Héctor Javier). "Electrodermal activity and sympathetic arousal during collaborative learning." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222196.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This dissertation investigates high school students’ individual and interpersonal physiology of electrodermal activity (EDA) during collaborative learning in naturalistic settings. EDA is an index of sympathetic arousal, which is concomitant with cognitive and affective processes. Two data collections were organized with students working collaboratively in triads. The first one took place during the performance of a science task, and the second during two runs of a six-week advanced physics course. The data collected included EDA (measured unobtrusively using Empatica® E3 and E4 wristbands), performance measures (pre- and post-tests, task solutions, and course exam), and questionnaires on cognitive, affective, and collaborative aspects of learning. The work was reported in three articles. The results indicate that, on average, students spent more than half (60%) of the class at a low arousal level, possibly signaling relaxation, disengagement, or boredom. Most of the time (≈60–95% of the lesson), triad members were at a different arousal level, which might indicate that students took turns (alternating task-doers) in executing the task or applied some division of labor rather than truly collaborating. In terms of achievement, sympathetic arousal during the exam was a predictor of the exam grades, and pairwise directional agreement of EDA was positively and highly correlated to the dual learning gain. Arousal contagion could have occurred in up to 41% of the high arousal intervals found. The possible arousal contagion cases took place mostly on a 1:1 basis (71.3%), indicating that interactions in a collaborative learning triad seem to occur mainly between two members rather than among the three. The findings provide an ecologically-valid picture of the students’ EDA responses in the classroom, both individually and collaboratively, benefiting from the connection of arousal to cognitive and affective processes to increase the saliency of otherwise elusive phenomena. Methodologically, the study contributes to the exploration and exploitation of psychophysiological approaches for collaborative learning research. On a practical level, it provides physiological indices that could be incorporated into learning analytics dashboards to support students’ awareness and reflection, and teachers’ pedagogical practices
Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa tarkastellaan elektrodermaalista aktiivisuutta (EDA) ja tästä johdettua sympaattista vireystilaa ja fysiologisia indeksejä, samanaikaisesti yksilöiden ja yksilöiden välisten kognitiivisten ja affektiivisten prosessien kanssa. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin yhteisöllisen oppimisen tilanteista, joissa oppilaat työskentelivät kolmen hengen ryhmissä. Ensimmäinen osa aineistosta kerättiin oppilaiden suorittaessa luonnontieteiden alan tehtävää ja toinen kahden fysiikan syventävän kurssin aikana. Aineistoon sisältyi EDA (Empatica® E3- ja E4-rannekkeista), oppimisen mittaukset (alku- ja lopputestit, tehtävien ratkaisut ja kurssikokeet) sekä kyselylomakkeet oppimisen kognitiivisista, affektiivisista ja yhteisöllisen työskentelyn näkökulmista. Tutkimus on raportoitu kolmessa artikkelissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että opiskelijoiden sympaattisen hermoston vireystila oli keskimäärin yli puolet (60 %) luokkatyöskentelystä alhainen, mikä viittaa mahdolliseen rentoutumiseen, osallistumisen puutteeseen tai tylsistymiseen. Ryhmänjäsenet olivat suurimman osan ajasta (≈60-95 %) eri vireystilan tasoilla, mikä voi tarkoittaa, että he suorittivat tehtävää vuorotellen (tehtävän suorittajaa vaihdellen) tai jonkinlaista työnjakoa käyttäen, yhteisöllisen työskentelyn sijaan. Sympaattinen vireystila kurssikokeessa ennusti kokeen arvosanoja. Lisäksi oppilasparien EDA:n samansuuntaisuus korreloi vahvasti oppimistulosten kanssa. Yksilöiden välillä tapahtuvaa sympaattisen vireystilan ”tarttumista” on voinut esiintyä jopa 41 prosentissa todetuista korkean vireystilan intervalleista. Mahdolliset ”tarttumiset” ilmenivät enimmäkseen (71,3%) 1:1 suhteessa, mikä viittaa siihen, että vuorovaikutus yhteisöllisessä oppimisessa näyttäisi tapahtuvan pääasiassa kahden yksilön välillä kaikkien kolmen sijaan. Tulokset tarjoavat ekologisesti validin kuvan opiskelijoiden EDA-reaktioista luokkahuoneessa sekä yksilöllisesti että yhteisöllisesti tarkasteltuna, selventäen samalla kuvaa sympaattisen vireystilan yhteydestä kognitiivisiin ja affektiivisiin prosesseihin. Menetelmällisesti tutkimus kartoittaa psykofysiologisen lähestymistavan mahdollisuuksia yhteisöllisen oppimisen tutkimuksessa. Se esittelee fysiologisia indeksejä, jotka voitaisiin visualisoida oppimisen analytiikan sovelluksissa opiskelijoiden tietoisuuden ja reflektion sekä opettajien pedagogisten käytäntöjen tukemiseksi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kolnogorova, Kateryna. "Anxious Apprehension, Anxious Arousal, and Asymmetrical Brain Activity." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1585685011170334.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ivarsson, Anton, and Jacob Stachowicz. "Evaluating machine learning methods for detecting sleep arousal." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259996.

Full text

Abstract:

Sleep arousal is a phenomenon that affects the sleep of a large amount of people. The process of predicting and classifying arousal events is done manually with the aid of certified technologists, although some research has been done on automation using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). This study explored how a Support Vector Machine performed(SVM) compared to an ANN on this task. Polysomnography (PSG) is a sort of sleep study which produces the data that is used in classifying sleep disorders. The PSG-data used in this thesis consists of 13 wave forms sampled at or resampled at 200Hz. There were samples from 994 patients totalling approximately 6.98 1010 data points, processing this amount of data is time consuming and presents a challenge. 2000 points of each signal was used in the construction of the data set used for the models. Extracted features included: Median, Max, Min, Skewness, Kurtosis, Power of EEG-band frequencies and more. Recursive feature elimination was used in order to select the best amount of extracted features. The extracted data set was used to train two ”out of the box” classifiers and due to memory issues the testing had to be split in four batches. When taking the mean of the four tests, the SVM scored ROC AUC of 0,575 and the ANN 0.569 respectively. As the difference in the two results was very modest it was not possible to conclude that either model was better suited for the task at hand. It could however be concluded that SVM can perform as well as ANN on PSG-data. More work has to bee done on feature extraction, feature selection and the tuning of the models for PSG-data to conclude anything else. Future thesis work could include research questions as ”Which features performs best for a SVM in the prediction of Sleep arousals on PSG-data” or ”What feature selection technique performs best for a SVM in the prediction of Sleep arousals on PSG-data”, etc.
Sömnstörningar är en samling hälsotillstånd som påverkar sömnkvaliteten hos en stor mängd människor. Ett exempel på en sömnstörning är sömnapne. Detektion av dessa händelser är idag en manuell uppgift utförd av certifierade teknologer, det har dock på senare tid gjorts studier som visar att Artificella Neurala Nätverk (ANN) klarar att detektera händelserna med stor träffsäkerhet. Denna studie undersöker hur väl en Support Vector Machine (SVM) kan detektera dessa händelser jämfört med en ANN. Datat som används för att klassificera sömnstörningar kommer från en typ av sömnstudie kallad polysomnografi (PSG). Den PSG-data som används i denna avhandling består av 13 vågformer där 12 spelats in i 200Hz och en rekonstruerats till 200Hz. Datan som används i denna avhandling innehåller inspelningar från 994 patienter, vilket ger totalt ungefär·6.98 1010 datapunkter. Att behandla en så stor mängd data var en utmaning. 2000 punkter från vare vågform användes vid konstruktionen av det dataset som användes för modellerna. De attribut som extraherades innehöll bland annat: Median, Max, Min, Skewness, Kurtosis, amplitud av EEG-bandfrekvenser m.m. Metoden Recursive Feature Elimination användes för att välja den optimala antalet av de bästa attributen. Det extraherade datasetet användes sedan för att träna två standard-konfigurerade modeller, en SVM och en ANN. På grund av en begräning av arbetsminne så var vi tvungna att dela upp träningen och testandet i fyra segment. Medelvärdet av de fyra testen blev en ROC AUC på 0,575 för en SVM, respektive 0,569 för ANN. Eftersom skillnaden i de två resultaten var väldigt marginella kunde vi inte dra slutsatsen att endera modellen var bättre lämpad för uppgiften till hands. Vi kan dock dra slutsatsen att en SVM kan prestera lika väl som ANN på PSG-data utan konfiguration. Mer arbete krävs inom extraheringen av attributen, attribut-eliminationen och justering av modellerna. Framtida avhandlingar skulle kunna göras med frågeställningarna: “Vilka attributer fungerar bäst för en SVM inom detektionen av sömnstörningar på PSG-data” eller ”Vilken teknik för attribut-elimination fungerar bäst för en SVM inom detektionen av sömnstörningar på PSG-data”, med mera.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Woodward, Halley Elizabeth. "Valenced and arousal-based affective evaluations of foods." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2167.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To examine nutrient-specific and individual-specific correlates of valenced and arousal-based affective evaluations of foods across the spectrum of disordered eating, as well as to examine the validity of automatic and controlled processes of affective evaluation. Methods: 283 undergraduate women provided implicit and explicit valence and arousal-based evaluations of 120 food photos with known nutritional information (i.e., high or low added fat, high or low added sugar). Participants completed structurally similar indirect and direct affect misattribution procedures (AMP; Payne et al., 2005; 2008). These AMPs were paired with novel arousal-based AMPs to investigate both fundamental dimensions of affective evaluations of foods: valence and arousal. Participants completed questionnaires assessing body mass index, hunger, eating restriction, and binge eating. Results: Nomothetically, added fat and added sugar enhance the pleasantness and arousal of affective evaluations of foods. Idiographically, hunger and binge eating are associated with higher arousal, whereas BMI and restriction enhance pleasantness ratings. Added fat enhances the pleasantness ratings of women who are hungrier, or who endorse greater restriction, and enhances both the pleasantness and the arousal ratings of heavier women. In contrast, added sugar is especially influential on the pleasantness and arousal ratings of less hungry women. Restriction was related only to valenced affective evaluations, whereas binge eating related only to arousal affective evaluations. Finally, patterns of findings are largely similar across implicit and explicit affective evaluations, albeit stronger for explicit. Conclusions: Findings support the utility of distinguishing nutrients in future work, underscore the importance of examining both the valence and the arousal dimensions of affective evaluations, and provide modest support for the validity of dual-process models of affective evaluation of foods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Toledano, Rachel. "Development of the sexual arousal and desire inventory (SADI) : a multidimensional scale of subjective sexual arousal and desire in men and women." Thesis, Connect to online version, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397915571&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=10306&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Alge, Erika, and Marlene Wahlqvist. "Erfarna klättrares upplevelse av arousal och hantering av anxiety." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-577.

Full text

Abstract:

Syftet med studien var att få en djupare förståelse för vad som ger upphov till anxiety hos erfarna klättrare och hur de hanterar (coping) somatisk såväl som kognitiv anxiety vid traditionell klättring. Skiljer sig copingstrategierna mellan män och kvinnor samt är det sökandet efter arousal som motiverar till traditionell klippklättring. En kvalitativ undersökning genomfördes med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide som underlag. Nio stycken erfarna klättrare (män = 6, kvinnor = 3) mellan 23 och 46 år (M = 33.4 år) inom traditionell klättring intervjuades. Resultatet visade att alla klättrarna använde sig av positiv self-talk, medan visualisering endast användes av ett fåtal som ett sätt att återfå fokus och att samla sig. Viktiga faktorer bakom hanteringen av anxiety var erfarenhet och kunskap.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Grimes, Jeffrey Scott. "Menstrual cycle effects on pain modulation and autonomic arousal." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4256.

Full text

Abstract:

Animal research has elucidated the neurobiological substrates and environmental determinants of pain modulation. Despite these advances, relatively little is known about how psychological processes activate pain modulatory systems. One psychological process that is thought to play an important role in regulating pain sensitivity is emotion. In addition, previous research into the human menstrual cycle and the animal estrous cycle have determined that either the presence of certain gonadal hormones or the fluctuations of these hormones may lead to changes in how females perceive pain, regulate emotion, and modulate pain. The present study examines both the role of emotion and the human menstrual cycle in pain modulation. Participants were 39 female undergraduate students with a mean age of 18.7 years (SD=1.46). Results are consistent with prior studies indicating that progesterone has antiinflammatory effects. Specifically, significant effects were observed primarily in the luteal phase. Subjects in the luteal phase demonstrated less sympathetic arousal during the experiment but greater autonomic arousal during the noise stressor. Participants in the luteal phase also demonstrated an analgesic/anti-inflammatory response evidenced by an observed decrease in secondary hyperalgesia for those that did not receive the noise stressor. No such changes in pain perception were discovered in the ovulation and follicular phases. Finally, in response to the noise stressor, an inhibition of the analgesic/anti-inflammatory effects was observed in the luteal phase. No such evidence of stress-induced pain modulation was discovered in the ovulation and follicular phases. Although the specific mechanisms of this action still remain unclear, prior evidence points to the role of centrally-mediated pain modulation. It is likely that the stressor worked to inhibit the anti-inflammatory effects commonly observed in the luteal phase to persistent inflammatory pain through centrally-mediated pain modulatory mechanisms. It is hypothesized that hormone-mediated effects at the level of the amygdala influenced the impact of affective pain modulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Åhs, Fredrik. "The Amygdala, Arousal and Memory: From Lesions to Neuroimaging." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-98978.

Full text

Abstract:

Emotional events are better remembered than neutral events. But what are the mechanisms behind this memory enhancing effect? It seems that they depend on the arousal level at the moment we experience the event to be remembered. The first study of the present thesis mapped the brain areas that changed their activity in a highly arousing situation in subjects with snake or spider phobia. Looking at pictures of their feared object engaged the amygdala, situated in the medial temporal lobe. This area has previously been demonstrated to be necessary for fear reactions. Here, the novel question was what other brain areas the amygdala engages when the brain is in a state of high arousal. Results suggest that the amygdala recruits other limbic and cortical areas known to be involved in motor behavior and object recognition. In contrast, when subjects watched fear-relevant but non-phobic pictures, amygdala activity was negatively correlated to the anterior cingulate cortex suggesting cortical inhibition. The final two studies aimed at explaining the physiological brain mechanisms behind arousal enhancement of memory. In the first one, epileptic patients with medial temporal lobe resections including the amygdala were compared to healthy controls on a recognition memory task where the pictures to be remembered varied in arousal intensities. Results suggested that the anterior medial temporal lobe including the amygdala is necessary for arousal enhancement of memory because the enhancement effect was abolished in resectioned patients. The last study related inter-individual differences in bodily arousal to amygdala-parahippocampal interaction. Results suggest that the beneficial effects of emotion on memory depend on arousal regulating mechanisms of the amygdala that in turn affects parahippocampal activity. Collectively, results suggest that the amygdala is regulating changes in arousal states of the brain and body during distressful situations. Further, arousal in turn determines memory strength through gating amygdala influences on the parahippocampal cortex. Thus, the amygdala is a node both in a fear and a memory network and arousal influences the amygdala to prepare for action and to enhance memory. This seems evolutionary sound.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Flih, Sarah. "Exploring the effect of emotionally induced arousal on curiosity." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-144317.

Full text

Abstract:

Curiosity can be defined as a drive to engage in exploratory behaviors and has been associated with an increased state of arousal (Berlyne, 1954). Exploratory behaviors, such as feedback requests, are associated with an information gain and the reduction of uncertainty. Although previous research has demonstrated the effects of emotions on the value of information gain (Marvin & Shohamy, 2016), and that the manipulation of arousal affected confidence (Allen et al., 2016) suggesting uncertainty can be affected independent of task difficulty, no previous study independently manipulated arousal to test its effect on curiosity. Given the effects of curiosity on motivation and learning, understanding how arousal influence curiosity would be beneficial for applications in fields such as education. In the present study, we hypothesized that emotionally-induced arousal has an impact on curiosity by influencing uncertainty and the value of information gain. A sample of 17 students were presented with arousing supraliminal emotional cues prior to rating confidence about their answers to trivia questions and deciding on feedback choices. Feedback requests were associated with a time delay, in a way that participants were required to trade off time for information. Results showed that uncertainty levels did not reliably predict feedback choices. Further analyses failed to demonstrate an effect of arousal on feedback choices. Finally, the pupillary response to events suggested that arousal levels did not differ significantly across conditions. Results can be due to the small sample or the test sensitivity. Possible improvements to the experimental paradigm are discussed, and directions for future research are considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Chandler, Susan Elizabeth. "The impact of mindfulness on balance, cognition and arousal." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2007. http://165.236.235.140/lib/SChandlerpartI2007.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Martínez, Zaragoza Fermín Antonio. "Creatividad: Impulsividad, Atención y Arousal. Del Rasgo al proceso." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11027.

Full text

Abstract:

La dificultad de una concepción de la creatividad basada únicamente en rasgos de personalidad o cognitivos nos ha llevado a plantear un estudio donde apuntamos a la capacidad explicativa de determinadas variables, situadas entre el rasgo y el proceso, y vinculadas fundamentalmente a las bases biológicas de la personalidad y de la atención, como son la impulsividad y la activabilidad, como variables posiblemente prometedoras en este ámbito. Nuestros resultados matizan y amplían el modelo eysenckiano y sirven a su vez para la propuesta de un nuevo modelo de creatividad que trata de integrar las aportaciones de los mencionados sistemas de procesamiento dentro de un orden que aúna tanto los síntomas "positivos" como "negativos" (psicopatológicos) de la creatividad y la forma en que pudieran dar origen y desarrollo a los procesos creativos.
The difficulty with a concept of creativity is based solely on cognitive or personality traits has led us to pose a study where we target the explanatory power of certain variables, lying between the trait and the process, and primarily related to biological basis of personality and attention, as are the impulsivity and activity, as variables possibly promising in this area. Our results extend Eysenck's model and serve to the proposal for a new model of creativity that comes from integrating input from the aforementioned processing systems within an order that combines both the symptoms "positive" as "negative" (mental) of creativity and how they could lead to the development of creative processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Simmerman, Neil. "The rat as a model of female sexual arousal /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33446.

Full text

Abstract:

Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) is a significant problem affecting 25%--63% women in the U.S. alone. Although the research community has begun to increase efforts to understand FSD, there is a lack of an animal model in which this condition can be studied. The current research provides data for a new model of sexual arousal in the female Sprague-Dawley rat. The vascular effects in the clitoris and vagina in response to clitoral and pelvic plexus nerve stimulations were studied. Modulation of these effects by infusion of Nitric Oxide, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide agonists and antagonist in the clitoris was also observed. Histological sections of the clitoris were examined for the endogenous presence of these neurotransmitters. These data provide the framework for a reproducible model of sexual arousal in the female rat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Duan, Yiting. "The impact of colour on impulsivity, arousal and emotion." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17468/.

Full text

Abstract:

Colour has the potential to influence people’s emotions and behaviour. However, there is little empirical research exploring in depth how colour influences performance. This study focuses on exploring the impact of colour on two particular responses: impulsivity and arousal. Response time and error rate were used as two indicators to define the levels of impulsivity and arousal. The impact of colour on impulsivity, arousal, and emotions were investigated in detail. To achieve this goal, three psychophysical experiments were conducted to explore the impact of hue and chroma on impulsivity and arousal; and how colour influences impulsivity, arousal and colour emotions such as colour heat. The hue and chroma experiments were designed to determine whether, in a particular colour environment, response time and error rate of the participants were different across different hues and chroma levels. Participants were required to complete a range of screen-based psychometric tests with different colour backgrounds. During the experiment, participants were asked to give their responses to each test as quickly and accurately as possible. The results showed that background hue and chroma differences significantly influence response time and error rate. This suggests that colour has a distinctive influence on impulsivity and arousal. Hue has a greater influence on arousal than impulsivity while chroma affect impulsivity more than arousal. The impact of colour on impulsivity and arousal were also considered with different psychometric test types, different genders and colour preference. To explore the impact of colour on impulsivity, arousal and emotions, the emotion experiment was designed to study ten emotion scales. Participants were asked to report their emotional responses to 20 colours both on cardboard and textile fabric based on ten emotion scales. The reliability of Ou’s (2004) colour emotion models for single colour have been verified using the experimental data in this study. This result suggested that colour influence on impulsivity and arousal can be linked with other emotions. The finding from this study can be applied in various affective design, such as product packaging, consumer purchasing, education efficiency and so forth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Tanaka, Akiho. "Psychopathy and Incapacity to Love: Role of Physiological Arousal." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37805.

Full text

Abstract:

Psychopathy is a rare and unique disorder, primarily associated with an emotional deficiency and an inclination towards violent antisocial behavior. Among the various symptoms, the affective experience of the incapacity for love has received little empirical attention, despite having been established as one of Cleckleyâ s 16 classic characteristics. Moreover, the role of physiological responding in their romantic experiences has yet to be examined. The proposed study examined physiological reactivity (i.e., heart rate, HR; skin conductance, SC) as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between psychopathic features and romantic experiences (i.e., passionate love, companionate love, Ludus love, relationship satisfaction, relationship history) in college men. As hypothesized, physiological reactivity mediated and moderated the relationship between psychopathic features and romantic experiences. Specifically, low physiological arousal for the partner partially mediated the relationship between psychopathic features and passionate love. Also, it was found that the interaction between low physiological arousal for the significant other and high physiological arousal for the opposite-sex friend moderates the relationship between psychopathic features and deficient romantic experiences. By gaining a better understanding of the impact on their romantic experiences, this study is intended to contribute to improved identification and assessment of psychopathic men.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Taylor, Kelsey P. "Regulation of Behavioral Arousal and Quiescence in C. elegans." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493590.

Full text

Abstract:

Animals switch between periods of behavioral quiescence and arousal in response to environmental, circadian, or developmental cues. C. elegans exhibit periods of behavioral quiescence during larval molts (termed lethargus) and as adults. Little is known about the circuit mechanisms that establish these quiescent states. Mutants lacking the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1 are a model for heightened arousal and have dramatically reduced locomotion quiescence during lethargus as a result of increased sensory acuity and secretion of the arousal peptide PDF-1. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, we show that the aroused locomotion of npr-1 mutants results from the exaggerated activity in multiple classes of sensory neurons, including nociceptive (ASH), touch sensitive (ALM and PLM), stretch sensing (DVA) neurons, and chemosensory neurons (ASI). These sensory neurons accelerate locomotion via both neuropeptide and glutamate release and their relative contribution to arousal differs between larval molts and adults. These results demonstrate that a broad network of sensory neurons and transmitters dictates transitions between aroused and quiescent behavioral states. We propose that locomotion quiescence during molts is mediated by diminished sensory inputs (termed sensory gating) and that NPR-1 plays a central role in this process. In Chapter 3, we identify a second arousing neuropeptide, FLP-2, which promotes locomotion through an orexin-like receptor (FRPR-18). FLP-2 secretion is inhibited by NPR-1 and enhanced secretion is associated with aroused locomotion during molts. This locomotion arousal is stabilized by reciprocal positive feedback between two arousing neuropeptides (FLP-2 and PDF-1). FLP-2 and FRPR-18 are co-expressed in ASI neurons, suggesting that ASI activity is regulated by autocrine positive feedback. Our results suggest that FLP-2 and FRPR-18 are the C. elegans homologs of mammalian hypocretin/orexin peptide and receptor, respectively. We propose that aroused locomotion is stabilized by two circuit motifs: reciprocal positive feedback between different classes of arousing neurons and autocrine positive feedback of FLP-2 expressing neurons. These motifs may be conserved in the arousal circuits of other model systems.
Medical Sciences

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Rowe, Jack E. "Effect of inspiration to expiration ratio on autonomic arousal /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842562.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Starling, Melissa Jane. "Cognitive bias, personality and arousal in the domestic dog." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10467.

Full text

Abstract:

The domestic dog has lived alongside humankind for many thousands of years, and in that time has undergone extensive selective breeding that has altered both morphology and behaviour. Our close relationship with dogs may to some extent be characterised by inter-specific communication, but this communication may lead to both understandings and misunderstandings. This thesis looks in part at how inter-specific misunderstandings may arise in the dog-human dyad, and how we may be able to both minimise misunderstandings and maximise understandings through our behaviour, the choices we make in training and husbandry practices, and the associations we expose dogs to. Also explored is dog personality, how this can be measured, and what measures of dog personality may mean for the health and welfare of individual dogs as well as patterns in behavioural tendencies. This is explored by way of a personality survey as well as with a cognitive bias task. Cognitive bias in animals has been investigated in recent years as a possible objective measure of positive and negative welfare by measuring the direction (positive or negative) of judgement bias – which refers to whether ambiguous signals are interpreted as predicting a positive or a negative outcome. Interpretation of cognitive bias results was explored and an index of judgement bias developed. The possible applications of a judgement bias index in conjunction with arousal to look at the role of emotional state on operant training procedures is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Rooney, Donal James. "Telencephalic modulation of arousal in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and common toad (Bufo bufo)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Toledano, Rachel. "Development of the Sexual Arousal and Desire Inventory (SADI) for the assessment of the psychological and subjective experience of sexual arousal and desire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64021.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Palace, Eileen Marie. "The effects of anxiety on arousal in sexually dysfunctional women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28195.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of anxiety arousal on subsequent sexual arousal were investigated to determine if sexually functional and dysfunctional women respond differentially to pairings of anxiety-evoking and erotic cues. Eight sexually dysfunctional and eight sexually functional women viewed a neutral control (travelogue videotape) or anxiety-evoking (threatened amputation videotape) preexposure stimulus followed by a sexually arousing (erotic videotape) experimental stimulus. A repeated measures design was used in which each subject observed both pairs of preexposure and experimental stimuli. Changes in sexual arousal were measured physiologically with a vaginal photoplethysmograph, and subjectively with a self-report rating scale. As predicted, functional women showed significantly greater physiological sexual arousal than dysfunctional women in both the neutral-erotic and anxiety-erotic conditions. Consistent with previous research, anxiety preexposure significantly enhanced genital arousal relative to the neutral-control stimulus for functional women. Moreover, dysfunctional women also achieved a significantly enhanced rate and magnitude of genital arousal following exposure to the anxiety stimulus. Contrary to the strength of their physiological responses however, both groups rated the anxiety-erotic condition as significantly less sexually arousing. Non-significant correlations between vaginal blood volume and subjective ratings revealed a trend for functional and dysfunctional women to experience enhanced genital arousal accompanied by an inhibited likelihood of acknowledging feeling aroused. These findings contradict the literature on sexually functional and dysfunctional men, and challenge current conceptualizations of sexual dysfunction. The findings suggest that (1) anxiety arousal enhances genital arousal in functional and dysfunctional women, (2) heightened arousal occurs despite contradictory cognitive perceptions, (3) the female sexual response system is desynchronous, (4) functional women do not necessarily process genital cues more effectively than dysfunctional women, (5) the physiological response system is imperative to defining a response as sexual and must be targeted in therapy, and (6) common modes of treatment directed toward increasing parasympathetic response may be counterproductive to the elicitation of sexual arousal. Alternative treatment strategies directed toward response synchrony, sympathetic activation, and cognitive attribution are discussed. A preliminary model of sexual dysfunction in women is proposed, .and discussed in terms of directions for future research.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Pilon, Joseph Paul. "Reactions to arousal and ambiguity, an application of reversal theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0008/NQ52438.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Diskin, Katherine Mary. "Psychophysiological arousal in problem and non-problem video lottery gamblers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49608.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Chafin, Sky. "Reducing cardiovascular arousal to psychological stress with brief physical exercise." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258390.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 25, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-121).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Shenk, Chad. "The impact of validating and invalidating responses on emotional arousal." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3275826.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ropeleski, Tom. "The effect of arousal on performance in sensation seeking males /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arousal'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles