Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arousal

Academic literature on the topic 'Arousal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Arousal"

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Prendergast, Brian J., David A. Freeman, Irving Zucker, and Randy J. Nelson. "Periodic arousal from hibernation is necessary for initiation of immune responses in ground squirrels." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 282, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): R1054—R1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00562.2001.

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Golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Spermophilus lateralis) undergo seasonal hibernation during which core body temperature (Tb) values are maintained 1–2°C above ambient temperature. Hibernation is not continuous. Squirrels arouse at ∼7-day intervals, during which Tbincreases to 37°C for ∼16 h; thereafter, they return to hibernation and sustain low Tbs until the next arousal. Over the course of the hibernation season, arousals consume 60–80% of a squirrel's winter energy budget, but their functional significance is unknown and disputed. Host-defense mechanisms appear to be downregulated during the hibernation season and preclude normal immune responses. These experiments assessed immune function during hibernation and subsequent periodic arousals. The acute-phase response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was arrested during hibernation and fully restored on arousal to normothermia. LPS injection (ip) resulted in a 1–1.5°C fever in normothermic animals that was sustained for >8 h. LPS was without effect in hibernating squirrels, neither inducing fever nor provoking arousal, but a fever did develop several days later, when squirrels next aroused from hibernation; the duration of this arousal was increased sixfold above baseline values. Intracerebroventricular infusions of prostaglandin E2provoked arousal from hibernation and induced fever, suggesting that neural signaling pathways that mediate febrile responses are functional during hibernation. Periodic arousals may activate a dormant immune system, which can then combat pathogens that may have been introduced immediately before or during hibernation.
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Ward, Sally L. Davidson, Daisy B. Bautista, and Thomas C. Keens. "Hypoxic Arousal Responses in Normal Infants." Pediatrics 89, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.5.860.

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Failure to arouse in response to hypoxia has been described in infants at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and has been suggested as a possible mechanism for SIDS. However, most SIDS victims are not in a high-risk group before death. Thus, if a hypoxic arousal disorder is an important contributor to SIDS, normal infants might fail to arouse from sleep in response to hypoxia. To test this hypothesis, the authors studied hypoxic arousal responses in 18 healthy term infants younger than 7 months of age (age 12.1 ± 1.7 [SEM] weeks; 56% girls). Hypoxic arousal challenges were performed during quiet sleep by rapidly decreasing inspired oxygen tension (Pio2) to 80 mm Hg for 3 minutes or until arousal (eye opening, agitation, and crying) occurred. Tests were performed in duplicate when possible. Only 8 infants (44%) aroused in response to one or more hypoxic challenges; arousal occurred during 8 (32%) of 25 trials. There were no significant differences in lowest Pio2 or arterial oxygen saturation during hypoxia between those infants who aroused and those who failed to arouse. All 18 infants had a fall in their end-tidal carbon dioxide tension during hypoxia, suggesting that each had a hypoxic ventilatory response despite failure to arouse in the majority. Periodic breathing occurred following hypoxia in only 1 (13%) of the 8 trials that resulted in arousal, compared with 16 (94%) of 17 trials without arousal (P < .005). It is concluded that the majority of normal infants younger than 7 months of age fail to arouse from quiet sleep in response to hypoxia, despite the apparent presence of a hypoxic ventilatory response.
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Zsok, F., and D. S. Fleischman. "The Effect of Sexual Arousal on Women´S Disgust Reactions: Facial Attractiveness and Disease Cues." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-p-0001.

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Objective: Disgust and sexual arousal are two opposing states. One motivates avoidance, while the other elicits approaching behaviour. Former research has found that a person is harder to sexually arouse if disgusted. In turn, the effects of sexual arousal on disgust are more differentiated. A general trend shows that people are less disgust sensitive when they are sexually aroused, but this appears to depend on what elicits the disgust. This study is supposed to explore what exactly becomes less disgusting when women are sexually aroused. Design and Method: Female undergraduates are going to participate in an experiment from their personal computer at home. They are going to be shown a video, either a sexually arousing one or a neutral one. Then, they will be asked to rate their disgust towards increasingly sexual behaviours with six men on pictures. The pictures will consist of attractive, unattractive, and blemished and unblemished faces. That way the effects and interactions of sexual arousal, attractiveness, and disease cues (blemishes) can be explored. Results: The study is currently running and should be completed at the end of February. We expect results to show that sexually aroused women feel less disgusted towards activities with attractive males. Disease cues should dampen the effect of sexual arousal on disgust. Conclusions: Expected results would support the evolutionary view that disgust is only reduced by sexual arousal if the mating encounter seems beneficial for the female.
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Burke, P. G. R., S. G. Carter, F. Knapman, J. Patti, M. Butlin, S. C. Gandevia, J. E. Butler, D. J. Eckert, and L. E. Bilston. "Nocturnal swallowing augments arousal intensity and arousal tachycardia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 15 (March 30, 2020): 8624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907393117.

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Cortical arousal from sleep is associated with autonomic activation and acute increases in heart rate. Arousals vary considerably in their frequency, intensity/duration, and physiological effects. Sleep and arousability impact health acutely (daytime cognitive function) and long-term (cardiovascular outcomes). Yet factors that modify the arousal intensity and autonomic activity remain enigmatic. In this study of healthy human adults, we examined whether reflex airway defense mechanisms, specifically swallowing or glottic adduction, influenced cardiac autonomic activity and cortical arousal from sleep. We found, in all subjects, that swallows trigger rapid, robust, and patterned tachycardia conserved across wake, sleep, and arousal states. Tachycardia onset was temporally matched to glottic adduction—the first phase of swallow motor program. Multiple swallows increase the magnitude of tachycardia via temporal summation, and blood pressure increases as a function of the degree of tachycardia. During sleep, swallows were overwhelmingly associated with arousal. Critically, swallows were causally linked to the intense, prolonged cortical arousals and marked tachycardia. Arousal duration and tachycardia increased in parallel as a function of swallow incidence. Our findings suggest that cortical feedback and tachycardia are integrated responses of the swallow motor program. Our work highlights the functional influence of episodic, involuntary airway defense reflexes on sleep and vigilance and cardiovascular function in healthy individuals.
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Eckert, Danny J., and Magdy K. Younes. "Arousal from sleep: implications for obstructive sleep apnea pathogenesis and treatment." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 3 (February 1, 2014): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00649.2013.

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Historically, brief awakenings from sleep (cortical arousals) have been assumed to be vitally important in restoring airflow and blood-gas disturbances at the end of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) breathing events. Indeed, in patients with blunted chemical drive (e.g., obesity hypoventilation syndrome) and in instances when other defensive mechanisms fail, cortical arousal likely serves an important protective role. However, recent insight into the pathogenesis of OSA indicates that a substantial proportion of respiratory events do not terminate with a cortical arousal from sleep. In many cases, cortical arousals may actually perpetuate blood-gas disturbances, breathing instability, and subsequent upper airway closure during sleep. This brief review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms mediating respiratory-induced cortical arousal, the physiological factors that influence the propensity for cortical arousal, and the potential dual roles that cortical arousal may play in OSA pathogenesis. Finally, the extent to which existing sedative agents decrease the propensity for cortical arousal and their potential to be therapeutically beneficial for certain OSA patients are highlighted.
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McNamara, Frances, and Colin E. Sullivan. "Effects of nasal CPAP therapy on respiratory and spontaneous arousals in infants with OSA." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.889.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants has been shown to resolve frequently without a cortical arousal. It is unknown whether infants do not require arousal to terminate apneas or whether this is a consequence of the OSA. We studied the apnea and arousal patterns of eight infants with OSA before and after treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). These infants were age matched to eight untreated infants with OSA and eight normal infants. Polysomnographic studies were performed on each infant. We found that the majority of central and obstructive apneas were terminated without arousal in all OSA infants. After several weeks of nasal CPAP treatment, the proportion of apneas terminating with an arousal during rapid-eye-movement sleep increased in treated infants compared with untreated infants. Spontaneous arousals during rapid-eye-movement sleep were reduced in all OSA infants; however, during CPAP treatment, the spontaneous arousals increased to the normal control level. We conclude that OSA in infants possibly depresses the arousal response and treatment of these infants with nasal CPAP partially reverses this depression.
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Suzuki, Yoko, Chihiro Suzuki, and Takashi Abe. "0089 Examination of Post-arousal Hypersynchrony in the First-night Effect." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0089.

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Abstract Introduction The first-night effect (FNE) is a sleep disturbance caused by sleeping in a new environment. FNE observed on polysomnography includes increased wakefulness and sleep instability. Post-arousal hypersynchrony (PAH) is an arousal subtype with a post-arousal delta wave burst that antagonizes arousal and maintains sleep (Suzuki et al., 2021). Furthermore, we have shown that PAH correlates with the number of arousals; increased arousals increases PAH. Therefore, we hypothesized that the FNE would increase arousal and PAH. Methods Fifteen healthy adults (five women, mean ± standard deviation 21.7 ± 1.6 years) undergoing first-time polysomnography were included. After three days of sleep-wake cycle control before measurement, four nights of polysomnography were performed in the laboratory. A registered polysomnographic technologist blindly scored the participants’ sleep stages and analyzed PAH. Linear mixed models and non-parametric tests were performed on sleep variables and PAH for changes from the first to fourth measurement night. Results Sleep variables did not change significantly with the number of measurements. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no FNE on the number of arousals. The number of PAH had a significant main effect on the number of measurements, showing a significant decrease on the fourth night compared to the first night. Conclusion Sleep variables, including arousal, were not affected by the FNE, whereas PAH was. The lack of a FNE on the sleep variables may be due to a ceiling effect caused by sleep in young healthy adults. Since the number of arousals showed no changes, the FNE of PAH could not be explained regarding inhibition on arousal, such as a role in sleep maintenance. The decreased number of PAH sleep measurements may indicate sleep stabilization. Support (if any) This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI under grant number JP 23K14436 and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development under grant number JP21zf0127005.
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Younes, Magdy, and Patrick J. Hanly. "Immediate postarousal sleep dynamics: an important determinant of sleep stability in obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 7 (April 1, 2016): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00880.2015.

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Arousability from sleep is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of the clinical spectrum of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Patients with SDB display a wide range of arousability. The reason for these differences is not known. We hypothesized that differences in the speed with which sleep deepens following arousals/awakenings (postarousal sleep dynamics) is a major determinant of these differences in arousability in patients with SDB. We analyzed 40 preexisting clinical polysomnography records from patients with a range of SDB severity (apnea-hypopnea index 5-135/h). Sleep depth was determined every 3 s using the odds ratio product (ORP) method, a continuous index of sleep depth (0 = deep sleep, 2.5 = full wakefulness) that correlates strongly ( r = 0.98) with arousability (Younes M, Ostrowski M, Soiferman M, Younes H, Younes M, Raneri J, and Hanly P. Sleep 38: 641–654, 2015). Time course of ORP was determined from end of arousal until the next arousal. All arousals were analyzed (142 ± 65/polysomnogram). ORP increased from 0.58 ± 0.32 during sleep to 1.67 ± 0.35 during arousals. ORP immediately (first 9 s) following arousals/awakenings (ORP-9) ranged from 0.21(very deep sleep) to 1.71 (highly arousable state) in different patients. In patients with high ORP-9, sleep deepened slowly (over minutes) beyond 9 s but only if no arousals/awakenings recurred. ORP-9 correlated strongly with average non-rapid eye movement sleep depth ( r = 0.87, P < 2E-13), the arousal/awakening index ( r = 0.68, P < 5E-6), and with the apnea-hypopnea index ( r = 0.60, P < 0.001). ORP-9 was consistent within each patient and did not change on continuous positive airway pressure despite marked improvement in sleep architecture. We conclude that postarousal sleep dynamics are highly variable among patients with sleep-disordered breathing and largely determine average sleep depth and continuity.
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Huo, Jiayan, Stuart F. Quan, Janet Roveda, and Ao Li. "Coupling analysis of heart rate variability and cortical arousal using a deep learning algorithm." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): e0284167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284167.

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Frequent cortical arousal is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction among people with sleep-disordered breathing. Changes in heart rate variability (HRV) can represent pathological conditions associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Previous studies showed changes in cardiac activity due to cortical arousals. However, few studies have examined the instantaneous association between cortical arousal and HRV in an ethnically diverse population. In this study, we included 1,069 subjects’ full night ECG signals from unattended polysomnography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis dataset. An automated deep learning tool was employed to annotate arousal events from ECG signals. The etiology (e.g., respiratory, or spontaneous) of each arousal event was classified through a temporal analysis. Time domain HRVs and mean heart rate were calculated on pre-, intra-, and post-arousal segments of a 25-s period for each arousal event. We observed that heart rate and HRVs increased during the arousal onsets in the intra-arousal segments, regardless of arousal etiology. Furthermore, HRVs response to cortical arousal occurrence differed according to gender and the sleep stages in which arousal occurred. The more intense HRVs variation due to arousal in females can contribute to a potentially stronger association between arousal burden and long-term mortality. The excessive abrupt sympathetic tone elevation in REM caused by arousal may provide insights on the association between sleep and sudden cardiac death.
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Ward, Sally L. Davidson, Bruce G. Nickerson, Andre van der Hal, Antonio M. Rodriguez, Robert A. Jacobs, and Thomas G. Keens. "Absent Hypoxic and Hypercapneic Arousal Responses in Children With Myelomeningocele and Apnea." Pediatrics 78, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.1.44.

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Hypoxic and hypercapneic arousal responses from quiet sleep were tested in seven infants with myelomeningocele and Arnold-Chiari malformation who were symptomatic with apnea and/or hypoventilation. All infants with myelomeningocele required tracheostomy and posterior fossa decompression. Responses were compared with those of nine healthy control infants. To assess hypoxic arousal, inspired Po2 was decreased until the end-tidal (alveolar) Po2 reached 45 mm Hg for a maximum of three minutes. Eleven studies were performed in seven infants with myelomeningocele, and arousal occurred in only two studies (18.2%). Eight of nine control infants aroused to hypoxia (89%). To test hypercapneic arousal, inspired Pco2 was increased until end-tidal Pco2 reached 60 mm Hg for a maximum of three minutes. Eight studies were performed on six infants with myelomeningocele, and arousal occurred in three studies (37.5%). All seven control infants studied aroused to hypercapnea (100%). Three infants with myelomeningocele subsequently died. Infants with myelomeningocele, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and apnea or hypoventilation have arousal deficits to respiratory stimuli.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arousal"

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Eriksson, Johan, and Sissel Södermyr. "Omedveten arousal i butiksmiljön : Om arousals påverkan på kunders beteende och upplevelse." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-56694.

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Titel: Omedveten arousal i butiksmiljön. Nyckelord: Arousal, omedveten arousal, servicescape, butiksmiljö, konsumtionsbeteende, GSR-armband, eyetracking, elektrodermal aktivitet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer som framkallar omedveten arousal i en riktig butiksmiljö. Vidare vill vi undersöka om skillnader i kundrelaterade konsumtionsvariabler påverkar omedveten arousal. Metod: Studien kombinerar en kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats där 60 respondenter deltog i studien. Data samlades in via två enkäter, GSR-armband och ett par eyetracking-glasögon. Bidrag: Studien har bidragit med en kategorisering av omedvetna arousalutslag baserat på vad respondenter reagerat på i butiken. Skillnader i kundrelaterade konsumtionsvariabler har identifierats i förhållande till omedveten arousal. Originalitet: Med hjälp av studiedesignen har data kunnat samlas in i en riktig butiksmiljö. Respondenterna har således kunnat handla som vanligt i en miljö med andra kunder, personal och fysiska faktorer i butiken.
Title: Unconscious arousal in a store environment. Key words: Arousal, unconscious arousal, servicescape, store environment, consumer behavior, GSR-wristband, eye tracking, electrodermal activity. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to examine what factors evoke unconscious arousal in a real store environment. We will also examine if there are any differences in customer related consumption variables which affect unconscious arousal. Method: The study combines a quantitative and a qualitative approach where 60 respondents participated in the study. Data was collected by two surveys, a GSR-wristband and a pair of eyetracking-glasses. Contributions: The study has contributed with a categorization of unconscious arousal peaks based on what the respondents reacted to in the store. Differences in customer related consumption variables have been identified in relation to unconscious arousal. Originality: The study design has allowed data to be collected in a real store environment. The respondents have been able to shop as usual in an environment with other customers, staff and physical factors in the store.
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Boström, Patrik. "Arousal-induced memory augmentation." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16586.

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Emotional events are often better preserved in memory than events without an emotional component. Emotional stimuli benefit from capturing and holding the attention of a perceiver to a higher degree than more emotion-neutral stimuli. Arousal associated with experiencing emotionally valenced stimuli or situations affects every major stage in creating, maintaining and retrieving lasting memories. Presented in this thesis were models delineating the behavioral and neurological mechanisms that might explain arousal-induced effects on subsequent memory outcome. Based on a study of relevant literature, findings were presented in this thesis that highlight amygdala activation as crucial for the enhancement of memory generally associated with emotional arousal. The amygdala modulates processing in other areas of the brain involved in memory. Heightened levels of norepinephrine, stemming from sympathetic nervous system activation, underlies observable arousal-induced memory effects and seem to be a crucial component in enabling glucocorticoid augmentation of memory. Arousal seems to further amplify the biased competition between stimuli that favors the neural representation of motivationally relevant stimuli and stimuli of a sensory salient nature. The aim of this thesis was to outline the impact of emotional arousal on different stages of memory processing, including processes for memory formation, strengthening of memory traces, and eventual subsequent retrieval.
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Gendron, Marie-Josée. "The effects of arousal on memorial accuracy, a comparison of arousal as part of content material and arousal as part of contextual environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ54381.pdf.

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Perez, Ricardo J. "Setting, arousal and interpersonal attraction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23202.

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Wallberg, Nicole. "Detaljminne vid påverkan av emotionell arousal." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55386.

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Forskning visar att människor huvudsakligen återger starkt emotionellt laddade händelser väl. Information och detaljer runt omkring händelsen har dock visat sig vara betydligt svårare att rapportera, jämfört med centrala detaljer som är kritiska för den känslomässiga upplevelsen. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekter av emotionell arousal beträffande minne för central respektive perifer detaljinformation. Hypotesen var att negativt känsloladdad information påverkar minnet positivt beträffande centrala detaljer, men negativt för perifera detaljer. Två experiment utfördes, där kontrollgruppen i båda experimenten förevisades 15 neutrala färgbilder föreställande vardagliga situationer. Samma bildspel visades för experimentgruppen, förutom att den åttonde bilden var utbytt mot en arousal-väckande obehaglig bild. I experiment 1 testades undersökningsdeltagarnas minne av detaljer ifrån dessa bilder. I experiment 2 lades ett igenkänningstest till i ett försök att främja minne. Resultaten från båda experimenten var i linje med hypotesen då experimentgruppen mindes den centrala detaljen bättre än kontrollgruppen, och ytterst få undersökningsdeltagare kunde rapportera den perifera detaljen ifrån den arousal-väckande bilden. Studien visar att människor som bevittnat händelser av negativt känsloladdad karaktär inte kan förväntas rapportera en helhetsbild av händelsen, vilket är av yttersta vikt i vittnespsykologiska sammanhang.
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Dawson, Spencer Charles. "Memory, Arousal, and Perception of Sleep." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10640182.

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People with insomnia overestimate how long it takes to fall asleep and underestimate the total amount of sleep they attain. While memory is normally decreased prior to sleep onset, this decrease is smaller in insomnia. Insomnia generally and the phenomena of underestimation of sleep and greater memory prior to sleep area associated with arousal including cortical, autonomic, and cognitive arousal. The goal of the present study was to simultaneously examine arousal across these domains in relation to memory and accuracy of sleep estimation.

Forty healthy adults completed baseline measures of sleep, psychopathology, and memory, then maintained a regular sleep schedule for three nights at home before spending a night in the sleep laboratory. On the night of the sleep laboratory study, participants completed measures of cognitive arousal, were allowed to sleep until five minutes of contiguous stage N2 sleep in the third NREM period. They were then awoken and asked to remain awake for fifteen minutes, after which they were allowed to resume sleeping. For the entire duration that they were awake, auditory stimuli (recordings of words) were presented at a rate of one word per 30 seconds. Participants slept until morning, estimated how long they were awake and then completed memory testing, indicating whether they remembered hearing each of the words previously presented along with an equal number of matched distracter words.

Memory was greatest for words presented early in the awakening, followed by the middle and end of the awakening. High cortical arousal prior to being awoken was associated with better memory, particularly for the early part of the awakening. High autonomic arousal was associated with better memory for the late part of the awakening. Cognitive arousal was not associated with memory. Longer duration of sleep prior to being awoken was associated with better memory for the middle of the awakening. Better memory at baseline was associated with better memory, specifically in the middle of the awakening. Contrary to expectation, memory for the awakening was not associated with accuracy of the perceived length of the awakening.

The present study found complementary associations between cortical and autonomic arousal and memory for an awakening from sleep. This suggests that decreasing arousal in both domains may reduce the discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep in insomnia. This also suggests the initial magnitude of decrements in cognitive performance after being awoken are related to deeper proximal sleep initially, while speed of improvement in cognitive performance is related to longer prior sleep duration.

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Dawson, Spencer Charles, and Spencer Charles Dawson. "Memory, Arousal, and Perception of Sleep." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626312.

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People with insomnia overestimate how long it takes to fall asleep and underestimate the total amount of sleep they attain. While memory is normally decreased prior to sleep onset, this decrease is smaller in insomnia. Insomnia generally and the phenomena of underestimation of sleep and greater memory prior to sleep area associated with arousal including cortical, autonomic, and cognitive arousal. The goal of the present study was to simultaneously examine arousal across these domains in relation to memory and accuracy of sleep estimation. Forty healthy adults completed baseline measures of sleep, psychopathology, and memory, then maintained a regular sleep schedule for three nights at home before spending a night in the sleep laboratory. On the night of the sleep laboratory study, participants completed measures of cognitive arousal, were allowed to sleep until five minutes of contiguous stage N2 sleep in the third NREM period. They were then awoken and asked to remain awake for fifteen minutes, after which they were allowed to resume sleeping. For the entire duration that they were awake, auditory stimuli (recordings of words) were presented at a rate of one word per 30 seconds. Participants slept until morning, estimated how long they were awake and then completed memory testing, indicating whether they remembered hearing each of the words previously presented along with an equal number of matched distracter words. Memory was greatest for words presented early in the awakening, followed by the middle and end of the awakening. High cortical arousal prior to being awoken was associated with better memory, particularly for the early part of the awakening. High autonomic arousal was associated with better memory for the late part of the awakening. Cognitive arousal was not associated with memory. Longer duration of sleep prior to being awoken was associated with better memory for the middle of the awakening. Better memory at baseline was associated with better memory, specifically in the middle of the awakening. Contrary to expectation, memory for the awakening was not associated with accuracy of the perceived length of the awakening. The present study found complementary associations between cortical and autonomic arousal and memory for an awakening from sleep. This suggests that decreasing arousal in both domains may reduce the discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep in insomnia. This also suggests the initial magnitude of decrements in cognitive performance after being awoken are related to deeper proximal sleep initially, while speed of improvement in cognitive performance is related to longer prior sleep duration.
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Ryder, Kelsey. "Influence of media on physiological arousal." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Terry, Lesley L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Food, feeding and female sexual arousal." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2510.

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Feederism is a fat fetish subculture that eroticizes eating, feeding, and gaining weight. This thesis attempts to explain the practice of Feederism using an evolutionary approach. Chapter one examines the historical and cross-cultural meaning of fat and its association with fertility, health, and beauty. Chapter one also reviews the current literature on fat admiration and Feederism, and introduces some possible explanations for what Feederism is, and how it can be conceptualized. Chapter two describes a case study that was conducted on a female member of the Feederism community. The results of this case study add support to the hypothesis that Feederism is paraphilic. Chapter three describes a psychophysiological study that tested how members of the general population respond to and rate feeding stimuli. This study was conducted to determine whether Feederism is an exaggeration of a more normative and functional mate selection strategy. The results of this study demonstrate that males and females both respond to and rate feeding stimuli similarly. No definitive conclusions were drawn with respect to the exaggeration hypothesis, because, although participants did subjectively rate the feeding stimuli as more sexually arousing than neutral stimuli, they did not genitally respond to the feeding stimuli significantly more than to the neutral stimuli. Chapter four summarizes the results of the two studies and discusses how these finding might inform future research on paraphilias, courtship, and intimacy.
viii, 128 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Kerr, John H. "Arousal mechanisms, attention and sports performance." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10947/.

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This thesis is concerned with the relationship between arousal mechanisms, attentional processes and competitive sports performance. Theoretical interpretations of the arousal-performance relationship have traditionally followed the inverted-U hypothesis. Based on this approach, the generally accepted view in sports psychology is that high levels of arousal are detrimental to good performance. A review of the relevant psychological literature reveals the limited nature of such an approach and draws attention to alternative perspectives such as those offered by the work of Apter and that of Cox and Mackay. These more recent theoretical approaches allow more sophisticated interpretations of the individual's experience of arousal to be realised. Important here are other aspects of the individual's psychological state (cognition and emotion) as these are thought to affect his or her interpretation of arousal. Interestingly, the two theories, developed independently by Apter and by Cox and Mackay, appear consistent, one with the other, and have not previously been applied to the study of competitive sport. Several different research techniques were incorporated into a research design which used squash players of varying levels of ability to examine the various psychological factors important in their experience of and performance in competitive squash. The research techniques, some of which were innovative, proved effective indentifying the interaction of arousal and stress in relation to competitive performance. It was concluded that psychological preparation and experience (i.e. number of years, number of times per week played), along with personality characteristics and attentional strategies, contribute to success in competitive squash. Fluctuations in emotional responses characterised players whose performance was unsuccessful. By way of contrast, successful players' (i.e. successful in terms of level of ability attained, skill performance and winning games) psychological responses were more consistent. They achieved and maintained high levels of arousal both prior to and during performance. High arousal was, for successful players, accompanied by low stress and positive hedonic tone when they were subject to the demands of competitive squash games. Overall, successful players (that is skilled players in Study 2 and winners from Study 3) were highly extravert and significantly less neurotic (Eysenck) than other groups of players. Telic dominance was not a discriminating characteristic in this investigation, but successful players' attentional styles were significantly different, as defined by Nideffer's BIT and INFP subscales, to those styles or strategies employed by less capable players. Successful players generally employed psychological preparation strategies prior to and during play to a greater extent than other players. When doing so, they were more concerned with cognitive strategies, in the form of focussing and planning, than arousal modulation strategies. The present research investigation advanced knowledge about the processes involved in competitive sports, providing new and relevant information. As a result, a number of suggestions for squash coaching and player development, along with implications for cognitive intervention with sports performers, have emerged.
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Books on the topic "Arousal"

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Gordon, Ray. Arousal. New York: Blue Moon Books, 2001.

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Danny, Snelson, ed. Inventory arousal. London: Bedford Press, 2011.

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Griffiths, Linda. Age of arousal. Toronto: Coach House Books, 2007.

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Griffiths, Linda. Age of arousal. Toronto: Coach House Books, 2007.

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Griffiths, Linda. Age of arousal. Toronto, ON: Coach House Books, 2006.

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Strelau, Jan, and Hans J. Eysenck, eds. Personality Dimensions and Arousal. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2043-0.

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Jan, Strelau, and Eysenck H. J. 1916-, eds. Personality dimensions and arousal. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Westheimer, Ruth K. The art of arousal. New York: Abbeville Press, 1993.

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Westheimer, Ruth K. The art of arousal. New York: Abbeville P., U. S., 1993.

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Cortoos, Aisha. Conditioned arousal in insomnia patients. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arousal"

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Tod, David, Joanne Thatcher, and Rachel Rahman. "Arousal." In Sport Psychology, 58–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01429-0_5.

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Abrams, David B., J. Rick Turner, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Susan E. Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Terry Fulmer, et al. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 126. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100111.

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Cohen, Ronald A. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 247–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1266.

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Cohen, Ronald. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1266-2.

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Cohen, Ronald A. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 339–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1266.

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Meek, Shantel E., and Laudan B. Jahromi. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 240–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_845.

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Foote, Stephen L. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 1., 237–40. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10516-086.

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Jones, Sarah N., and Stephanie A. Kazanas. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 410–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1044.

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Jones, Sarah N., and Stephanie A. Kazanas. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1044-1.

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Meek, Shantel E., and Laudan B. Jahromi. "Arousal." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 313–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_845.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arousal"

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Hamid, Nazimah, Yi Hsuan Tiffany Lin, Yifan Dai, Daniel Shepherd, and Kevin Kantono. "Flavourful Clips: The impact of auditory cues on flavour perception and emotions during food consumption." In 7 Experiences Summit 2023 of the Experience Research Society. Tuwhera Open Access, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/7es.27.

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This influence of video clips varying arousal and valence on the affective states and perception of chocolate ice cream have been investigated. Consuming ice cream while watching video with positive valence, high arousal or low arousal resulted in more positive emotions compared to silent conditions. The perception of sweetness, milky and creamy were cited more when watching low arousal and high valence clips. Bitterness and roasted flavours were cited more under high arousal video conditions. Videos varying in valence and arousal are associated with different emotions that can in turn influence ice cream flavour perception. These findings highlight the influence of auditory cues on sensory perception and emotions during food consumption.
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Tolbert, T. M., A. Parekh, I. A. Ayappa, and D. M. Rapoport. "Effects of Non-respiratory Arousals on Arousal Threshold Estimated With Phenotyping Using Polysomnography." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a6197.

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Miyago, Kentaro, Kenyu Uehara, Koji Mori, and Takashi Saito. "Research on Evaluation of Mental Stress Level Using a Modified Duffing Oscillator." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66215.

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The decrease of arousal level has led to serious accidents in driving and operation of machine. A system to accurately evaluate arousal level in real time is required to prevent such accidents. In this paper, we examined whether parameters of the mathematical model, which are determined in each time shifting window using EEG data could be used as a method to evaluate the arousal level. The modified Duffing oscillator was proposed as a mathematical model to perform simplified parameters calculation and identification. It was applied to EEG data, which is obtained by EEG acquisition experimentation in alternative repeat of relaxed and concentrated state. As a result of the parameters identification in theta band, alpha band, beta band, and 4–30 Hz band, it is shown that each parameter is repeating increase and decrease with time progress of each experiment. Especially, the relationship between the conventional arousal level and parameter B, which is the coefficient of the proportional term in the modified Duffing oscillator shows a significant correlation. It is suggested that parameter B of the modified Duffing oscillator would evaluate the arousal level. Since this evaluation method of arousal level does not require analyzing for each band, it can be used to calculate the arousal level in real time.
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Mäntylä, Mika, Bram Adams, Giuseppe Destefanis, Daniel Graziotin, and Marco Ortu. "Mining valence, arousal, and dominance." In ICSE '16: 38th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2901739.2901752.

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Latulipe, Celine, Erin A. Carroll, and Danielle Lottridge. "Love, hate, arousal and engagement." In the 2011 annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979210.

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Alexandratos, Vasileios, Murtaza Bulut, and Radu Jasinschi. "Mobile real-time arousal detection." In ICASSP 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6854432.

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Jones, Christian Martyn, and Tommy Troen. "Biometric valence and arousal recognition." In the 2007 conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group (CHISIG) of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1324892.1324929.

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Mekata, Yuki, and Miwa Nakanishi. "Construction of models for predicting arousal level in advance based on features of face images." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002442.

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Background and PurposeSleepiness is a major factor in accidents or errors. Even in these days of promoting system automation, users should monitor the state of the autonomous system or take over in the event of an emergency. Thus, it is important for systems to understand user’s arousal level and manage user’s arousal level appropriately. In recent years, a method for maintaining arousal levels has been proposed by using artificial intelligent agents to converse with the user. The interaction method used by such a system is considered to be a more natural way to maintain arousal level than the conventional method of using stimulation such as a beep sound. Therefore, we anticipate realizing a system that not only detects sleepiness and responds to it reactively, but also predicts a decreasing arousal level in advance and responds to it proactively. In this study, aiming at realizing such a system, we attempt to construct a model to predict decreasing arousal levels in advance. We think this will lead to the optimization of system interaction. In the assessment of arousal level, there is a method to assess a user’s arousal level in five levels based on facial expression by trained raters. Therefore, we assumed to construct a model predicting the five stages of arousal level in the method based on features of face images. MethodIn the experiment to obtain data for model construction, autonomous driving was assumed as an example of an autonomous system. Participants monitored autonomous driving for an hour. Participants could only change lanes by pressing a button, and all other operations were handled by the autonomous system. During the task, participants responded to the arousal level in five levels by pressing a button every 30 seconds. In addition, participant’s face images were recorded at 60 Hz. Three male and three female participants took part in the experiments, and each participant completed the task three times. From face images, we used features of a texture distribution by Local Binary Patterns Histogram (LBPH) and features obtained by embedding using FaceNet for model construction. Using these features and subjective assessment of arousal level, we constructed a model to predict future arousal level in five levels by machine learning. ResultsThe bias of the output value was less when using a neural network than when using random forest or support vector machine. The accuracies of prediction arousal level after 30 seconds from the current features are around 35% for learning individual data. Although the accuracies decrease as the target time for prediction became far away from the present time, the results up to 120 seconds showed that the accuracy was greater than 30% and the rate of the case where the deviation between predicted and actual values is less than one was greater than 60%, which means that it is possible to suppress the cases where large deviations occur. We think that the model is expected to be used in a proactive system that predicts and responds to decreases in arousal levels in advance.
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Bhimavarapu, John Philip, S. S. S. Kalyan, and Vinay Kumar Mittal. "Discriminating High Arousal and Low Arousal Emotional Speech Using Mahalanobis Distance Among Acoustic Features." In 2020 National Conference on Communications (NCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncc48643.2020.9056004.

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Ramdinmawii, Esther, and V. K. Mittal. "Discriminating between High-Arousal and Low-Arousal Emotional States of Mind using Acoustic Analysis." In Workshop on Speech, Music and Mind 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/smm.2018-1.

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Reports on the topic "Arousal"

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Krupski, Tracey, and Thomas Polascik. CARESS: Couples' Arousal Relationship Satisfaction Survey. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541204.

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Morrow, Thomas J. Modulation of Thalamic Somatosensory Neurons by Arousal and Attention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200073.

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Yechiam, Eldad. Adequate Level of Mental Arousal in a Cognitive Task. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada508823.

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Clark, Robert D. Heart Rate Variability in Male Sexual Arousal and Erectile Dysfunction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013961.

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Li, Huimin, Hajime Takada, Takushi Ujimoto, Etsunori Fujita, and Yoshifusa Matsuura. Study on Evaluation System of Arousal-Level With Physiological Information. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0052.

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Juergens, Timothy M., Giulio Tononi, and Ruth Benca. Homeostatic and Circadian Abnormalities in Sleep and Arousal in Gulf War Syndrome. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567969.

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Juergens, Timothy M., Giulio Tononi, and Ruth Benca. Homeostatic and Circadian Abnormalities in Sleep and Arousal in Gulf War Syndrome. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada596544.

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Juergens, Timothy. Homeostatic and Circadian Abnormalities in Sleep and Arousal in Gulf War Syndrome. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555204.

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Yang, Kiseol, Jonelle Zimmerman, and HaeJung Maria Kim. The Function of Dominance and Arousal in Consumer Resonance with Fashion Brand Website and Store. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1496.

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Stone, Jay M. The Effects of False Physiological Feedback on Sexual Arousal in Sexually Dysfunctional and Functional Males. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012248.

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