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Journal articles on the topic 'Arntz'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Rey, Manfred van. "H.-DIETER ARNTZ: Judaica." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 188, jg (December 1985): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen-1985-jg63.

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Soyez-Petithomme, Caroline. "Gerd Arntz : Something Left..." Multitudes 55, no. 4 (2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.055.0037.

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3

Bers, G. "H.-D. ARNTZ. Ordensburg Vogelsang." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 191, jg (December 1988): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen-1988-jg44.

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Riemens, Patrice. "Gerd Arntz, graphiste, 1900-1988." Multitudes 55, no. 4 (2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.055.0043.

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5

van der Veer, Gerard. "Arnoud Arntz: ‘Het vak zou strakker georganiseerd moeten worden’." Psychopraktijk 6, no. 5 (October 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13170-014-0066-7.

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6

Lobbestael, Jill, and Marcus J. H. Huibers. "Foreword: Special issue in honour of Professor Arnoud Arntz." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 67 (June 2020): 101490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101490.

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7

Jansen, W. "Neurath, Arntz and ISOTYPE: The Legacy in Art, Design and Statistics." Journal of Design History 22, no. 3 (August 10, 2009): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epp015.

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8

Holmes, Nigel. "Pictograms." Theme: Pictograms 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.10.2.08hol.

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This article sets out to discuss the practical development of pictograms and the thoughts that lead to their final visual shape. It explains the personal considerations that combine all issues that are related to making graphics, such as drawing, technique, conventions, and commercial aspects. The article explains how ISOTYPE and its designer Gerd Arntz influences current day-to-day work. By drawing parallels with jazz, different approaches to drawing graphics are shown and explained.
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Hirose, K., M. Morita, M. Ema, J. Mimura, H. Hamada, H. Fujii, Y. Saijo, O. Gotoh, K. Sogawa, and Y. Fujii-Kuriyama. "cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a novel basic helix-loop-helix/PAS factor (Arnt2) with close sequence similarity to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt)." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 4 (April 1996): 1706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.4.1706.

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We isolated mouse cDNA clones (Arnt2) that are highly similar to but distinct from the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) nuclear translocator (Arnt). The composite cDNA covered a 2,443-bp sequence consisting of a putative 2,136-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 712 amino acids. The predicted Arnt2 polypeptide carries a characteristic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PAS motif in its N-terminal region with close similarity (81% identity) to that of mouse Arnt and has an overall sequence identity of 57% with Arnt. Biochemical properties and interaction of Arnt2 with other bHLH/PAS proteins were investigated by coimmunoprecipitation assays, gel mobility shift assays, and the yeast two-hybrid system. Arnt2 interacted with AhR and mouse Sim as efficiently as Arnt, and the Arnt2-AhR complex recognized and bound specifically the xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) sequence. Expression of Arnt2 successfully rescued XRE-driven reporter gene activity in the Arnt-defective c4 mutant of Hepa-1 cells. RNA blot analysis revealed that expression of Arnt2 mRNA was restricted to the brains and kidneys of adult mice, while Arnt mRNA was expressed ubiquitously. In addition, whole-mount in situ hybridization of 9.5-day mouse embryos showed that Arnt2 mRNA was expressed in the dorsal neural tube and branchial arch 1, while Arnt transcripts were detected broadly in various tissues of mesodermal and endodermal origins. These results suggest that Arnt2 may play different roles from Arnt both in adult mice and in developing embryos. Finally, sequence comparison of the currently known bHLH/PAS proteins indicates a division into two phylogenetic groups: the Arnt group, containing Arnt, Arnt2, and Per, and the AhR group, consisting of AhR, Sim, and Hif-1alpha.
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10

Drößiger, Hans-Harry. "ZUM PROBLEM DER TERMINOLOGISCH-KONZEPTUELLEN ÄQUIVALENZ ZWISCHEN ZWEI SPRACH- UND KULTURGEMEINSCHAFTEN: DIE SOGENANNTEN „DIFFERENZEN“ ZWISCHEN DEN SACHEN." Kalbotyra 57, no. 57 (January 1, 2007): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/klbt.2007.7561.

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Dass gerade das Äquivalenzproblem und der große Sach- und Fachbereich des Rechts ein spezifisches Verhältnis zueinander haben, zeigen Arntz/Picht/Mayer wie folgt: „So sind beispielsweise die zwischensprachlichen Begriffsunterschiede in den Rechtsterminologien besonders ausgeprägt. Dies liegt nahe, wenn man bedenkt, daß das Recht einzig und allein durch die (jeweilige) Sprache lebt. Der juristische Fachwortschatz ist daher immer an eine bestimmte Rechtsordnung gebunden, die sich im Laufe eines historischen Prozesses entwickelt hat und sich von den übrigen Rechtsordnungen unterscheidet.“ (2004, 149)
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11

Gollin, Edward. "Review: Hugo Riemann (1849–1919): Leben, Werk und Wirkung, by Michael Arntz." Journal of the American Musicological Society 56, no. 1 (2003): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2003.56.1.192.

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12

Hardeman, Erik. "Arnoud Arntz: ‘De GZ-opleiding moet een academische opleiding zijn en blijven’." GZ - Psychologie 10, no. 2 (April 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41480-018-0021-z.

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13

Aitola, Marjo H., and Markku T. Pelto-Huikko. "Expression of Arnt and Arnt2 mRNA in Developing Murine Tissues." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 1 (January 2003): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100106.

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The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH-PAS) proteins aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) and Arnt2 are transcriptional regulators that function as dimerizing partners for several bHLH-PAS proteins and also some nonrelated partners. They are involved in various biological functions, including regulation of developmental genes. In earlier studies, the developmental expression of Arnt was reported to be almost ubiquitous, whereas Arnt2 expression has been shown to be more limited, comprising neuronal tissues as the main site of expression. Here we provide a detailed description of the expression of Arnt and Arnt2 mRNA in mouse tissues during embryonic and early postnatal development. Arnt and also Arnt2 transcripts, in contrast to earlier reports, are shown to be expressed more widely during development yet show a temporally and spatially specific pattern.
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14

Rehding, A. "Michael Arntz. Hugo Riemann (1849-1919): Leben, Werk und Wirkung. Cologne: Concerto Verlag, 1999." Music Theory Spectrum 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2002): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mts/24.2.283.

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15

Benus, Benjamin, and Wim Jansen. "The Vienna Method in Amsterdam: Peter Alma's Office for Pictorial Statistics." Design Issues 32, no. 2 (April 2016): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00379.

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Over the course of the 1930s, the Dutch artist and designer, Peter Alma, produced an extensive body of information graphics. Working for a wide variety of corporate clients seeking to provide social and economic information to general audiences, Alma was one of the principal Dutch practitioners and promoters of the approach to information design known as the “Vienna Method of Pictorial Statistics,” initially developed by the social scientist Otto Neurath and the graphic artist Gerd Arntz. In addition to providing an account of Alma's role in the further development and dissemination of this method, this essay assesses the nature of Alma's contribution to the field of visual education and considers the place of his pictorial statistics production within his broader artistic oeuvre.
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16

Wassermann, Rudolf. "Strauch, Dieter/Hans-Joachim Arntz/Jürgen Schmidt-Troje, Der Appellhof zu Köln. Ein Monument deutscher Rechtsentwicklung." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 121, no. 1 (August 1, 2004): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.2004.121.1.835.

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17

Hankinson, Oliver. "Why Does ARNT2 Behave Differently from ARNT?" Toxicological Sciences 103, no. 1 (May 2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn032.

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18

Rohrbacher, Stefan. "HANS-DIETER ARNTZ: Judenverfolgung und Fluchthilfe im deutsch-belgischen Grenzgebiet. Kreisgebiet Schleiden, Euskirchen, Monschau, Aachen und Eupen/Malmedy." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 195, jg (December 1992): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen-1992-jg91.

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19

Mikkelsen, Hans Kristian. "Arntz, Reiner/Heribert Picht: Einführung in die Terminologiearbeit. Hildesheim, Zürich, New York: Georg Olms Verlag 1989. 344 Seiten." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 4, no. 6 (July 27, 2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v4i6.21461.

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20

Delabastita, Dirk. "Arntz, Reiner & Gisela Thome, eds. 1990. Übersetzungswissenschaft. Ergebnisse und Perspektiven: Festschrift für Wolfram Wilss zum 65. Geburtstag." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.4.1.13del.

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21

Voudouris, Nicholas J., and Grahame Coleman. "The role of conditioning and expectancy in placebo phenomena: a reply to P.J. de Jong and A. Arntz." Pain 54, no. 2 (August 1993): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90218-e.

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22

Stolze, Ineke, Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt, Patricia Freitag, Christoph Wotzlaw, Jochen Rössler, Stilla Frede, Helmut Acker, and Joachim Fandrey. "Hypoxia-inducible erythropoietin gene expression in human neuroblastoma cells." Blood 100, no. 7 (October 1, 2002): 2623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2001-12-0169.

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Two human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines, SH-SY5Y and Kelly, were found to express the gene for erythropoietin (EPO) in an oxygen (O2)-dependent manner. However, NB cells had maximal production of EPO with lower partial pressure of O2 values than the well-characterized hepatoma cell line HepG2. This maximal EPO expression was preceded by accumulation of the O2-sensitive α subunit of the heterodimeric transcription-factor complex hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of the β subunit of HIF-1, identical to aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 1 (ARNT1), and the homolog ARNT2 increased in nuclear extracts from SH-SY5Y cells exposed to anoxia. In neuronal cells, ARNT1 and ARNT2 can form a heterodimer with HIF-1α, generating a functional HIF-1 complex. Using the hypoxia response element of the human EPO enhancer, we conducted electrophoretic mobility shift assays that showed accumulation and binding of HIF-1 complexes containing both ARNT1 and ARNT2 in NB cells. In addition to the HIF-1 complex, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) was found to be indispensable for hypoxia-induced EPO gene expression in hepatoma cells. Western blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction assessment showed that NB cells express neither HNF4α nor the splicing variant HNF4α7 and thus express EPO in an HNF4α-independent manner. Together, SH-SY5Y and Kelly cells may provide a new in vitro model for studying the mechanism of tissue-specific, hypoxia-inducible EPO gene expression.
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23

Lörscher, Wolfgang. "Arntz, Reiner, ed. 1988. Textlinguistik und Fachsprache: Akten des Inter-nationalen übersetzungswissenschaftlichen AILA-Symposions Hildesheim, 13.-16. April 1987." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.2.2.09lor.

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24

Saucède, Thomas. "Martin Rauschert and Wolf E. Arntz: Antarctic macrobenthos: a field guide of the invertebrates living at the Antarctic seafloor." Polar Biology 39, no. 4 (February 20, 2016): 759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1905-2.

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25

Doering, Jon A., Shawn C. Beitel, Sarah Patterson, Bryanna K. Eisner, John P. Giesy, Markus Hecker, and Steve Wiseman. "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocators (ARNT1, ARNT2, and ARNT3) of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): Sequences, tissue-specific expressions, and response to β-naphthoflavone." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 231 (May 2020): 108726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108726.

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26

Wunsch, Stefan. "H.-Dieter Arntz: Ordensburg Vogelsang 1934-1945. Erziehung zur politischen Führung im Dritten Reich; ders.: Ordensburg Vogelsang ... im Wandel der Zeiten." Geschichte in Köln 54, no. 1 (December 2007): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/gik.2007.54.1.305.

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27

Clas, André. "ARNTZ, Reiner und Gisela THOME (éds.) (1990) : Übersetzungswissenschaft. Ergebnisse und Perpektiven. Festschrift für Wolfram Wilss zum 65. Geburtsag, Tübingen, Gunder Narr, XX + 562 p." Meta: Journal des traducteurs 37, no. 2 (1992): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002306ar.

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28

Sauer, Christoph. "Arntz, Reiner; Thome, Gisela (Hrsg.): Übersetzungswissenschaft. Ergebnisse und Perspektiven. Festschrift für Wolfram Wills zum 65. Geburtstag. Tübingen : Narr, 1990 (Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik 354)." Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache 18, no. 5-6 (December 1, 1991): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/infodaf-1991-185-607.

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29

Korkalainen, Merja, Jouko Tuomisto, and Raimo Pohjanvirta. "Identification of novel splice variants of ARNT and ARNT2 in the rat." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 303, no. 4 (April 2003): 1095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00489-3.

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30

Rowatt, Ashley J., John J. Depowell, and Wade H. Powell. "ARNT gene multiplicity in amphibians: Characterization of arnt2 from the frogXenopus laevis." Journal of Experimental Zoology 300B, no. 1 (November 24, 2003): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.45.

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31

Hao, Nan, Veronica L. D. Bhakti, Daniel J. Peet, and Murray L. Whitelaw. "Reciprocal regulation of the basic helix–loop–helix/Per–Arnt–Sim partner proteins, Arnt and Arnt2, during neuronal differentiation." Nucleic Acids Research 41, no. 11 (April 17, 2013): 5626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt206.

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32

Martean, Lawrence. "Schema Therapy in Practice: An Introductory Guide to the Schema Mode Approach By Arnoud Arntz, Gitta Jacob, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, £32.99, pb, 276 pp. ISBN: 9781119962861." Psychiatrist 37, no. 6 (June 2013): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.112.042234.

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33

Powell, Wade H., Sibel I. Karchner, Rachel Bright, and Mark E. Hahn. "Functional Diversity of Vertebrate ARNT Proteins: Identification of ARNT2 as the Predominant Form of ARNT in the Marine Teleost,Fundulus heteroclitus." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 361, no. 1 (January 1999): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1998.0992.

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34

Jain, Sanjay, Emin Maltepe, Min M. Lu, Celeste Simon, and Christopher A. Bradfield. "Expression of ARNT, ARNT2, HIF1α, HIF2α and Ah receptor mRNAs in the developing mouse." Mechanisms of Development 73, no. 1 (April 1998): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00038-0.

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35

Elsafty, Ashraf, and Ahmed Elzeftawy. "The New Era of Digital Transformation and COVID-19 Effect on The Employment in Mobile Operators in Egypt." Business and Management Studies 7, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v7i1.5145.

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A fear from Technological Advances mainly automation and artificial intelligence (AI) has been raised since the beginning of the 21st century, that machines will eliminate human beings performing certain tasks. Several models were developed to measure the effect of the Automation & AI on the employment and was applied on several countries. The first model was developed by Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne was called An Occupation-Based Approach, 2013. In which they define several tasks and call it “Engineering-Bottlenecks”. Katharina Dengler, Britta Matthes and Wiebke Paulus, 2014 made The Occupational Tasks model in which they use the assignment of activities explained by Alexandra Spitz-Oener and categorize the non-automatable tasks as: analytical non-routine tasks, interactive non-routine tasks. The last model was A-Task Based Approach by Melanie Arntz, Terry Gregory, 2016 in which they argue that FO Model Ignore that, the occupations consist of many tasks, part of them can be automated and another part cannot be. These models were applied on the level of the countries but not on corporate levels.The purpose of this paper is to combine the above three models and applying them on the Mobile operators in Egypt to determine the effect of Automation and AI on the Employment there, taking into consideration the incremental risk from COVID-19 which influenced the humanity.The conclusion of this research is that 41% of the staff working in the Technology field on the mobile operators, their jobs are subject to automation and COVID-19 will make an incremental Risk of 8%, due to creation of efficiency on performing the un-automatable tasks from home through digital platforms.
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36

Zabóné Varga, Irén. "Arntz, R. – Picht, H. – Mayer, F. 2009.Einführung in die Terminologiearbeit(Studien zu Sprache und Technik) Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. 331 p., ISBN 978-3-487-11553-5." Magyar Terminológia 3, no. 1 (June 2010): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/materm.3.2010.1.9.

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37

Majumdar, Tanmay, Jayeeta Dhar, Sonal Patel, Roman Kondratov, and Sailen Barik. "Circadian transcription factor BMAL1 regulates innate immunity against select RNA viruses." Innate Immunity 23, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425916681075.

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BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1, also known as MOP3 or ARNT3) belongs to the family of the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)-PAS domain-containing transcription factors, and is a key component of the molecular oscillator that generates circadian rhythms. Here, we report that BMAL1-deficient cells are significantly more susceptible to infection by two major respiratory viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family, namely RSV and PIV3. Embryonic fibroblasts from Bmal1–/– mice produced nearly 10-fold more progeny virus than their wild type controls. These results were supported by animal studies whereby pulmonary infection of RSV produced a more severe disease and morbidity in Bmal1–/–mice. These results show that BMAL1 can regulate cellular innate immunity against specific RNA viruses.
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38

Dougherty, Edward J., and Richard S. Pollenz. "Analysis of Ah Receptor-ARNT and Ah Receptor-ARNT2 Complexes In Vitro and in Cell Culture." Toxicological Sciences 103, no. 1 (December 20, 2007): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm300.

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39

Lee, Jin-Seon, Eun-Young Kim, Kohei Iwabuchi, and Hisato Iwata. "Molecular and functional characterization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 1 (ARNT1) and ARNT2 in chicken (Gallus gallus)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 153, no. 3 (April 2011): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.11.005.

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40

Keith, B., D. M. Adelman, and M. C. Simon. "Targeted mutation of the murine arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (Arnt2) gene reveals partial redundancy with Arnt." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 12 (May 29, 2001): 6692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.121494298.

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Takahata, Sho, Kazuhiro Sogawa, Akira Kobayashi, Masatsugu Ema, Junsei Mimura, Nobuhiro Ozaki, and Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama. "Transcriptionally Active Heterodimer Formation of an Arnt-like PAS Protein, Arnt3, with HIF-1a, HLF, and Clock." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 248, no. 3 (July 1998): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.9012.

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Sekine, Hiroki, Junsei Mimura, Masayuki Yamamoto, and Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama. "Unique and Overlapping Transcriptional Roles of Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (Arnt) and Arnt2 in Xenobiotic and Hypoxic Responses." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 49 (October 5, 2006): 37507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m606910200.

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43

Drutel, Guillaume, Markus Kathmann, Anne Heron, Jean-Charles Schwartz, and Jean-Michel Arrang. "Cloning and Selective Expression in Brain and Kidney of ARNT2 Homologous to the Ah Receptor Nuclear Translocator (ARNT)." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 225, no. 2 (August 1996): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1996.1176.

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44

Dela Cruz, J. A. D., R. Schmidt-Kastner, J. A. A. Stevens, H. W. M. Steinbusch, and B. P. F. Rutten. "Differential distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta (ARNT or ARNT2) in mouse substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area." Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 61-62 (November 2014): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.07.001.

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45

Faust, Anselm. "HANS G . KÖSTERS, NORBERT KRÜGER und FRANZ-JOSEF GRÜNDGES: Essen unter Bomben. – HANS-GEORG KRAUME: Duisburg im Krieg 1939–1945. WILLI DITTGEN: „Der Übergang“. – H.-DIETER ARNTZ: Kriegsende 1944/45. Zwischen Ardennen und Rhein." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 189, jg (December 1986): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen-1986-jg85.

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46

Becquart, Pierre, Jake Johnston, Carles Vilariño-Güell, and Jacqueline A. Quandt. "Oligodendrocyte ARNT2 expression is altered in models of MS." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 7, no. 4 (May 21, 2020): e745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000745.

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ObjectiveWe examined expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2), a basic-loop-helix transcription factor implicated in neuronal development and axonal health, in oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures and over the course of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsWe assessed OL ARNT2 expression in EAE compared with sham-immunized controls and also in OL primary cultures and over the course of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)-mediated maturation of the immortalized Oli-neu cell line. We also tested the functional role of ARNT2 in influencing OL characteristics using small interfering RNA (siRNA).ResultsARNT2 is localized to Olig2+ cells in healthy spinal cord gray and white matter. Despite a significant expansion of Olig2+ cells in the white matter at peak disease, ARNT2 is reduced by almost half in OLs, along with a reduction in the percentage of ARNT2+/Olig2+ cells. Mature OLs in mixed cortical cultures or OLs matured from embryonic progenitors express negligible ARNT2. Similarly, Oli-neu cells express high levels of ARNT2, which are reduced following dbcAMP maturation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ARNT2 affected OL viability, which led to an enrichment of myelin-producing OLs.ConclusionThe analysis of ARNT2 expression in OLs demonstrates that OL ARNT2 expression is altered in EAE and during OL maturation. Findings point to ARNT2 as an important mediator of OL viability and differentiation and warrant further characterization as a target for intervention in demyelinating disorders such as MS.
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47

Bersten, David C., John B. Bruning, Daniel J. Peet, and Murray L. Whitelaw. "Human Variants in the Neuronal Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLH/PAS) Transcription Factor Complex NPAS4/ARNT2 Disrupt Function." PLoS ONE 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): e85768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085768.

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48

van Dyck, Richard, and Marcel van den Hout. "Antwoord aan Arentz." Dth 13, no. 1 (March 1993): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03060022.

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49

Wang, Feng, Shengli Shi, Ruixue Zhang, and Oliver Hankinson. "Identifying target genes of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) using DNA microarray analysis." Biological Chemistry 387, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2006.150.

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Abstract:
Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein that also contains a Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain. In addition to forming heterodimers with many other bHLH-PAS proteins, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and hypoxia-inducible factors 1α, 2α and 3α, Arnt can also form homodimers when expressed from its cDNA in vitro or in vivo. However, target genes of the Arnt/Arnt homodimer remain to be identified. In this study, we have elucidated the profile of genes responsive to the reintroduction of Arnt expression in an Arnt-deficient mouse hepatoma cell line (c4), using DNA microarray analysis. The expression of 27 genes was upregulated by 1.5-fold or more in c4 cells infected with a retroviral vector expressing mouse Arnt, while no genes were found to be downregulated. Among the upregulated genes, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 1 (NIP3), serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 (PAI1), and N-myc downstream regulated-like (NDR1), were confirmed to be induced by Arnt using real-time PCR. We also found that the 5′ promoter region of 15 out of 20 upregulated genes contain the type 2 E-box 5′-CACGTG-3′ Arnt/Arnt binding sequence, consistent with the notion that they represent target genes for Arnt.
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50

Tomita, Shuhei, Christopher J. Sinal, Sun Hee Yim, and Frank J. Gonzalez. "Conditional Disruption of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (Arnt) Gene Leads to Loss of Target Gene Induction by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α." Molecular Endocrinology 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 1674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mend.14.10.0533.

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Abstract To determine the function of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), a conditional gene knockout mouse was made using the Cre-loxP system. Exon 6, encoding the conserved basic-helix-loop-helix domain of the protein, was flanked by loxP sites and introduced into the Arnt gene by standard gene disruption techniques using embryonic stem cells. Mice homozygous for the floxed allele were viable and had no readily observable phenotype. The Mx1-Cre transgene, in which Cre is under control of the interferon-γ promoter, was introduced into the Arnt-floxed mouse line. Treatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid to induce expression of Cre resulted in complete disruption of the Arnt gene and loss of ARNT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in liver. To determine the role of ARNT in gene control in the intact animal mouse liver, expression of target genes under control of an ARNT dimerization partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), was monitored. Induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT1*06 mRNAs by the AHR ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin was absent in livers of Arnt-floxed/Mx1-Cre mice treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic. These data demonstrate that ARNT is required for AHR function in the intact animal. Partial deletion of the Arnt allele was found in kidney, heart, intestine, and lung. Despite more than 80% loss of the ARNT expression in lung, maximal induction of CYP1A1 was found, indicating that the expression level of ARNT is not limiting to AHR signaling. Cobalt chloride induction of the glucose transporter-1 and heme oxygenase-1 mRNAs was also markedly abrogated in mice lacking ARNT expression, suggesting an inhibition of HIF-1α activity. These studies establish a critical role for ARNT in AHR and HIF-1α signal transduction in the intact mouse.
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