Journal articles: 'Armour Ceramics'

1

Cegła, Marcin. "SPECIAL CERAMICS IN MULTILAYER BALLISTIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 147, no. 3/2018 (January 4, 2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8312.

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The paper presents some questions of designing and testing for modern ballistic protecting screens and applied materials especially such as ceramics. Continuous development of present ballistic composite materials enforces the optimisation of existing solutions for ballistic protections in respect to the mass, thickness and costs of material. In times of technological arm race a reduction of armour weight by 5% is a success. It may be achieved by development of new solutions of armour systems applying the newest materials. Ballistic ceramics both enhances the resistance of the armour against armour piercing projectiles and reduces its areal dencity in relation to traditional steel armours due to high mechanical properties, low density, high hardness and dissipation of energy at the mechanism of breaking. The paper illustrates the development of ceramic based armours and the structure of a multilayer ballistic protection, and finally the meaning of its particular layers in fighting the projectile. Moreover the impact of mechanical properties of some ceramic materials used for designing a protection system into its ballistic resistance is discussed.

2

Cui, Fengdan, Guoqing Wu, Tian Ma, and Weiping Li. "Effect of Ceramic Properties and Depth-of-penetration Test Parameters on the Ballistic Performance of Armour Ceramics." Defence Science Journal 67, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.10664.

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Through an analysis on the relationship among ceramic properties, the depth of penetration (DOP) test parameters and the ballistic performance of armour ceramics based on literatures, the effects of ceramic type, tile thickness and projectile velocity on the ballistic performance of different kinds of ceramics were investigated systematically. The results show that the ballistic performance of different armour ceramics mainly depends on its density, and by using thin ceramic tiles or under high velocity impact, the ceramic composite armour could not provide effective ballistic protection. Furthermore, the differences in the ballistic performance of armour ceramic are found due to the different ballistic performance criteria and DOP test conditions. Additionally, the slope of the depth of penetration (not include tile thickness) (Pa) versus tile thickness has negative correlation with flexural strength of ceramics, indicating the flexural strength can be one of the criteria to evaluate the performance of armour ceramics.

3

Chabera, P., A. Boczkowska, A. Morka, T. Niezgoda, A. Oziębło, and A. Witek. "Numerical and experimental study of armour system consisted of ceramic and ceramic- elastomer composites." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0094.

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Abstract The paper presents numerical and experimental results in the study of composite armour systems for ballistic protection. The modelling of protective structures and simulation methods of experiment as well as the finite elements method were implemented in LS DYNA software. Three armour systems with different thickness of layers were analyzed. Discretization for each option was built with three dimensional elements guaranteeing satisfactory accuracy of the calculations. Two selected armour configurations have been ballistically tested using the armour piercing (AP) 7.62 mm calibre. The composite armour systems were made of Al2O3 ceramics placed on the strike face and high strength steel as a backing material. In case of one ballistic structure system an intermediate ceramic- elastomer layer was applied. Ceramic- elastomer composites were obtained from porous ceramics with porosity gradient using pressure infiltration of porous ceramics by elastomer. The urea-urethane elastomer, as a reactive liquid was introduced into pores. As a result composites, in which two phases were interconnecting three-dimensionally and topologically throughout the microstructure, were obtained. Upon ballistic impact, kinetic energy was dissipated by ceramic body The residual energy was absorbed by intermediate composite layer. Effect of the composite shell application on crack propagation of ceramic body was observed.

4

Szudrowicz, Marek. "Material combination to mitigation of behind armour debris after shaped charge jet attack." MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818202009.

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When a shaped charge jet perforates the steel armour plate, the residual jet is accompanied by a much wider cloud of behind armour debris (BAD) generated by stress wave interactions. BAD plays an important role in the evaluation of survivability of vehicle crew and components in a vehicle. The Behind Armor Debris (BAD) cloud caused by shaped charge jet impact was investigated. In order to simulate different configuration of material to mitigation of debris cloud the thickness of ceramics target tiles, glass and aramid laminate liners in contact with the armour plates was varied.

5

Leng, Sioh Ek. "Functional Graded Material with Nano Coating for Protection." Solid State Phenomena 136 (February 2008): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.136.93.

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Ceramic composite armour in general utilises a front layer of dense ceramic, typically backed by a second layer of metal. Thereby creating a sharp interface that is the weakest link within the material system and would result in cracking of the ceramic prematurely and hence not able to provide the requisite protection. One promising possibility has been found is the use of functionally gradient materials as armour materials. In such materials, the high hardness of ceramics is combined with the ductility of metals. Laboratory scale experiments were being performed to exhibit the potential of this material in terms of physical and mechanical properties. A comparison was made with the current ceramic armour system and it was found that the new material system had better ballistic properties.

6

Chabera, P., A. Boczkowska, A. Morka, P. Kędzierski, T. Niezgoda, A. Oziębło, and A. Witek. "Comparison of numerical and experimental study of armour system based on alumina and silicon carbide ceramics." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2015-0040.

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Abstract The main goal of this numerical and experimental study of composite armour systems was to investigate their ballistic behaviour. Numerical simulations were employed to determine the initial dimensions of panel layers before the actual ballistic test. In order to achieve this aim, multivariate computations with different thicknesses of panel layers were conducted. Numerical calculations were performed with the finite element method in the LS-DYNA software, which is a commonly used tool for solving problems associated with shock wave propagation, blasts and impacts. An axisymmetric model was built in order to ensure sufficient discretization. Results of a simulation study allowed thicknesses of layers ensuring assumed level of protection to be determined. According to the simulation results two armour configurations with different ceramics have been fabricated. The composite armour systems consisted of the front layer made of Al2O3 or SiC ceramic and high strength steel as the backing material. The ballistic performance of the proposed protective structures were tested with the use of 7.62 mm Armour Piercing (AP) projectile. A comparison of impact resistance of two defence systems with different ceramic has been carried out. Application of silicon carbide ceramic improved ballistic performance, as evidenced by smaller deformations of the second layer. In addition, one of armour systems was complemented with an intermediate ceramic-elastomer layer. A ceramic-elastomer component was obtained using pressure infiltration of gradient porous ceramic by elastomer. Upon ballistic impact, the ceramic body dissipated kinetic energy of the projectile. The residual energy was absorbed by the intermediate composite layer. It was found, that application of composite plates as a support of a ceramic body provided a decrease of the bullet penetration depth

7

Balos, Sebastian, Daniel Howard, Adrian Brezulianu, and Danka Labus Zlatanović. "Perforated Plate for Ballistic Protection—A Review." Metals 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040526.

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In recent years, the interest of the scientific community in perforated plates for ballistic protection has increased. Perforated plates do not represent protection by themselves, rather, they are used in the armour systems of armoured vehicles, in conjunction with base armour, since they are intended to induce bend stresses, where a penetrating core fracture occurs. The fragments are subsequently stopped by base armoured vehicle armour. Although for the first time used several decades ago, perforated plates are found to be attractive even today. The main reason is the combination of very convenient properties. Besides high mass effectiveness, they possess a high multi-impact resistance, since their perforations arrest cracks. Therefore, a relatively wide array of materials is suitable for perforated plate fabrication, ranging from alloy steel to some types of cast iron. Being made of metallic materials, raw material costs are relatively low compared to ceramics or composite materials, making them very attractive for present and future armoured vehicles. Finally, armour system consisting of a perforated plate and base plate at some distance, reduce the effectiveness of both shaped charge jets and act as blast mitigators.

8

O'Donnell, R. G. "Fragmentation of ceramics in armour." Journal of Materials Science Letters 11, no. 18 (1992): 1227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00729775.

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9

Popa, Ioan-Dan, and Florin Dobriţa. "Considerations on Dop (Depth Of Penetration) Test for Evaluation of Ceramics Materials Used in Ballistic Protection." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 69, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2017-0021.

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Abstract Tremendous amount of funds and other resorces were invested in studying the response of ceramic materials under ballistic impact, the main goal being to find a way to increase the protection of soldiers and the vehicles used in the modern battlespace. Using of ceramic materials especially carbon based (carbides), nitrogen based (nitrides) and oxygen based (oxides) ceramics in order to increase the protection level of ballistic equipment could be, sometimes, a big challenge when trying to use the proper test in order to evaluate and compare their performances. The role of the tests is to provide a better understanding of their response in different situations and, as a consequence, to make them more efficient as armour components through future improvements. The paper presents shortly the main tests which are used and eventually standardised for evaluating the ballistic behaviour of the ceramics and other armour components, with a special focus to DOP (Depth of Penetration) Tests.

10

Straßburger, E. "Ballistic testing of transparent armour ceramics." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29, no. 2 (January 2009): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.03.049.

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11

Zinszner, Jean-Luc, Benjamin Erzar, and Pascal Forquin. "Strain rate sensitivity of the tensile strength of two silicon carbides: experimental evidence and micromechanical modelling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2085 (January 28, 2017): 20160167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0167.

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Ceramic materials are commonly used to design multi-layer armour systems thanks to their favourable physical and mechanical properties. However, during an impact event, fragmentation of the ceramic plate inevitably occurs due to its inherent brittleness under tensile loading. Consequently, an accurate model of the fragmentation process is necessary in order to achieve an optimum design for a desired armour configuration. In this work, shockless spalling tests have been performed on two silicon carbide grades at strain rates ranging from 10 3 to 10 4 s −1 using a high-pulsed power generator. These spalling tests characterize the tensile strength strain rate sensitivity of each ceramic grade. The microstructural properties of the ceramics appear to play an important role on the strain rate sensitivity and on the dynamic tensile strength. Moreover, this experimental configuration allows for recovering damaged, but unbroken specimens, giving unique insight on the fragmentation process initiated in the ceramics. All the collected data have been compared with corresponding results of numerical simulations performed using the Denoual–Forquin–Hild anisotropic damage model. Good agreement is observed between numerical simulations and experimental data in terms of free surface velocity, size and location of the damaged zones along with crack density in these damaged zones. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.

12

Kaufmann, Christian, Duane Cronin, Michael Worswick, Gilles Pageau, and Andre Beth. "Influence of Material Properties on the Ballistic Performance of Ceramics for Personal Body Armour." Shock and Vibration 10, no. 1 (2003): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/357637.

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In support of improved personal armour development, depth of penetration tests have been conducted on four different ceramic materials including alumina, modified alumina, silicon carbide and boron carbide. These experiments consisted of impacting ceramic tiles bonded to aluminum cylinders with 0.50 caliber armour piercing projectiles. The results are presented in terms of ballistic efficiency, and the validity of using ballistic efficiency as a measure of ceramic performance was examined. In addition, the correlation between ballistic performance and ceramic material properties, such as elastic modulus, hardness, spall strength and Hugoniot Elastic Limit, has been considered.

13

Sands, J. M., C. G. Fountzoulas, G. A. Gilde, and P. J. Patel. "Modelling transparent ceramics to improve military armour." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29, no. 2 (January 2009): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.03.010.

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14

Sanusi, Olawale Monsur, M. Dauda, Malachy Sumaila, Abdulkarim S. Ahmed, M. T. Isa, O. A. Oyelaran, and O. O. Martins. "Compositions Optimization of Antang Corundum for Developing Advanced Ceramic." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.7.1.8770.

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The research aims to study and optimize the formulation of materials required for advanced ceramic production using response surface methodology (RSM). In this research effort, the five (5) process independent variables studied with their corresponding levels are: Antang corundum powder, A (92.2 – 100 %W); polyvinyl alcohol, B (0 – 5 %W); CaO, C (0 – 2.3 %W); MgO, D (0 – 0.5 %W); and the sintering temperature, E (1200 – 1500 °C). The mechanical property responses determined were density, ρ, compressive strength, C/S, flexural strength, F/S; which are key characteristics of ceramics for armour applications. The optimized density, compressive strength and flexural strength of the sintered Antang corundum are 3.45 g/cm3 g, 1982 MPa and 295 MPa respectively; while the respective RSM prediction values are 3.45 g/cm3 g, 1982 MPa and 295 MPa. On comparing the determined optimum mechanical responses of the sintered Antang ceramic with the maximum RSM prediction values, there is high level of assurance in using RSM for the formulation process in ceramic armour development.

15

Kulakov, N. A., and A. N. Lyubin. "Features of composite armour design." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69841.

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The article examines the design of protection composite armour panel. This panel consists of two parts. The first part is a layer of cylindrical shape with crushing ceramics elements. The second part is a metal plate. The metal plate is a place for crushing elements. This protection panel is used for bullet protection of a car.

16

Klement, R., S. Rolc, R. Mikulikova, and J. Krestan. "Transparent armour materials." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28, no. 5 (January 2008): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.09.036.

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17

Kafkaslıoğlu Yıldız, Betül, and Yahya Tür. "Investigation of mechanical properties and stored elastic energy-fragmentation of Al2O3-Cr2O3 ceramic system with increasing Cr2O3 content." Processing and Application of Ceramics 16, no. 4 (2022): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2204351k.

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In the present study, densification, mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, flexural strength) and stored elastic energy-fragmentation of the pure Al2O3 and Al2O3-Cr2O3 ceramics with different Cr2O3 volume content (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 vol.%) were investigated. The fragmentation behaviour was interpreted from the point of armour application as larger fragments are required for higher penetration resistance. The equibiaxial flexural strength test method was used to measure the fracture strength values. A similar densification behaviour was obtained for the pure Al2O3 and the Al2O3-Cr2O3 ceramic specimens with 0.5, 10 and 20 vol.% Cr2O3 with the obtained relative densities of around 97%TD. The elastic modulus of the pure Al2O3 and Al2O3-Cr2O3 ceramic specimens showed consistent values with the densification except for the Al2O3-Cr2O3 ceramics containing 20 vol.% Cr2O3. All Al2O3-Cr2O3 ceramics have lower flexural strength values than the pure Al2O3. The pure Al2O3 had the smallest crack surface area accompanying the largest fragment size for given fracture energy. This indicates that the pure Al2O3 will break into larger pieces in case of a possible impact.

18

Baghel, Rupali. "Machinability of Non-Conductive Ceramic by EDM: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1224, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1224/1/012003.

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Abstract AdvancedCeramics are gaining a foothold in the lightweight aerospace, electronics, and structural engineering component markets. These ceramics could be extensively used in modern industry, such as ballistic body armour, ceramic carbon fibre composite automoti ve brakes, diesel particulate filters, prosthetic limbs, piezoelectric sensors, and computer memory products, due to their higher compressive strength, resistance to abrasion, lower thermal expansion coefficient, higher density, and chemical stability. Ceramics are notori ously difficult to handle due to the increased hardness and brittleness. Low electric-conductive ceramics, on the other hand, can be machined using the EDM technique, in which plasma energy is used to accurately remove the material by continuous sparking between the surface and the electrode submerged in dielectric. It is observed that EDM can be applied to the material having electrical resistivity below 100 ?.cm. Most recently it has been observed that EDM could be applied to insulating ceramics too. An attempt has been made in this paper to critically review the machining of ceramics by the EDM process.

19

Colombo, Paolo. "Ceramic Armour: Design and Defeat Mechanisms." Advances in Applied Ceramics 107, no. 4 (August 2008): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174367608x341596.

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Shukla, P., S. Robertson, H. Wu, A. Telang, M. Kattoura, S. Nath, S. R. Mannava, V. K. Vasudevan, and J. Lawrence. "Surface engineering alumina armour ceramics with laser shock peening." Materials & Design 134 (November 2017): 523–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.066.

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21

Kesharaju, Manasa, and Romesh Nagarajah. "Particle Swarm Optimization approach to defect detection in armour ceramics." Ultrasonics 75 (March 2017): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2016.07.008.

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22

Li, Nan, Zhiwei Shen, and Zhiguo Tao. "Design theory and anti-ballistic effect simulation of dual phase hybrid functionally graded ceramic composite armor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 5 (June 1, 2023): 052003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/5/052003.

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Abstract Functional gradient structure design is one way to improve the anti-ballistic performance of ceramic composite armors. In this paper, the design theory of dual phase hybrid functionally graded ceramics is established. Through the finite element simulation of the anti-ballistic behaviour, three structural effects of dual phase hybrid functionally graded ceramics composite armor are studied: monolithic ceramics (MC), unidirectional functionally graded ceramics (UFGC) and bidirectional functionally graded ceramics (BFGC). The ceramics structure of composite armor is optimized. The simulation results of the optimized structure of unidirectional and bidirectional functionally graded ceramics are better than that of monolithic ceramics, and the weight is lighter. This research can provide theoretical support for the design of functionally graded ceramic composite armor.

23

Hartoko, Priyadi, and Sean Li. "MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ENHANCEMENT OF BORON CARBIDE BASED ARMOUR MATERIALS." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i1.810.

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Lightweight armor materials made from ceramics have become a great interest in the past decades. There have been many research efforts to develop the high-performance ceramics for this particular application. Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the promised candidates due to its extraordinary hardness, wear resistance, chemical inertness, ultra-lightweight, and its high resistance to radiation. However, the strong covalent bonding nature of B4C makes it hard to be sintered. Sintering at high temperatures and the presence of impurities can also result in grain coarsening. One of the methods being used to overcome the problems is to introduce Boron (B) as a sintering aid into raw materials of B4C. To evaluate the effects of B addition on the sinterability of B4C, B4C powders were ball-milled with B powders in different ratios and the mixtures of B4C and B were processed by spark plasma sintering technique. Density and toughness of the as-sintered materials were increased along with increasing B content in the range from 1 wt% to 7 wt% while hardness and strength of the samples were also increased when the percentage of B addition is up to 5 wt%.

24

Medvedovski, Eugene. "Ballistic performance of armour ceramics: Influence of design and structure. Part 1." Ceramics International 36, no. 7 (September 2010): 2103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.05.021.

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Medvedovski, Eugene. "Ballistic performance of armour ceramics: Influence of design and structure. Part 2." Ceramics International 36, no. 7 (September 2010): 2117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.05.022.

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26

Hu, Pengcheng, Fei Zhao, Haifu Yang, Yuansheng Cheng, Jun Liu, and Pan Zhang. "The effect of ceramic column shape on the ballistic performance of the SiC/UHMWPE composite armor-Numerical simulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 11 (June 1, 2023): 112007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/11/112007.

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Abstract Composite armors are widely used in the protection of the human body and special vehicles due to their excellent ballistic performance. In this study, the ballistic impact response of SiC ceramics/Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite plate subjected to fragment simulating projectiles (FSP) is investigated numerically. The influences of the head shape of ceramic column and the impact position on the failure modes, ballistic limit velocity and energy absorption capacity are analyzed. Results show that ceramic plates have remarkable bulletproof property, and the projectiles will be smashed and plastically deform during the process of penetration. UHMWPE plates play a significant role in the energy-absorption of the composite armor against ballistic impact by experiencing the bulging deformation and delamination failure. The comparison of the ballistic limit indicates that the ballistic performance of ceramic/composite armors is associated with the head shape of the ceramic column and the impact location of the composite armor. The composite armor with flat nose ceramic columns shows superior ballistic limit over the one with flat nose ceramic columns. The findings of the present study aim to guide the design of the lightweight ceramic composite armor.

27

Křesťan, J., K. Bodišová, R. Řídký, M. Popovič, R. Mikulíková, D. Kopkáně, and S. Rolc. "Armour repair optimized by means of numerical simulations." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 36, no. 12 (September 2016): 3067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.12.027.

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Nepochatov, Yu, V. Kuznetsov, A. Bogayev, A. Bandin, A. Abraamyan, and I. Kuchumova. "Effect of carbon nanotubes on ballistic armour performance of ceramics from boron carbide." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 866 (August 13, 2020): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/866/1/012047.

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Forquin, Pascal, and Edward Ando. "Application of microtomography and image analysis to the quantification of fragmentation in ceramics after impact loading." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2085 (January 28, 2017): 20160166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0166.

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Silicon carbide ceramics are widely used in personal body armour and protective solutions. However, during impact, an intense fragmentation develops in the ceramic tile due to high-strain-rate tensile loadings. In this work, microtomography equipment was used to analyse the fragmentation patterns of two silicon carbide grades subjected to edge-on impact (EOI) tests. The EOI experiments were conducted in two configurations. The so-called open configuration relies on the use of an ultra-high-speed camera to visualize the fragmentation process with an interframe time set to 1 µs. The so-called sarcophagus configuration consists in confining the target in a metallic casing to avoid any dispersion of fragments. The target is infiltrated after impact so the final damage pattern is entirely scanned using X-ray tomography and a microfocus source. Thereafter, a three-dimensional (3D) segmentation algorithm was tested and applied in order to separate fragments in 3D allowing a particle size distribution to be obtained. Significant differences between the two specimens of different SiC grades were noted. To explain such experimental results, numerical simulations were conducted considering the Denoual–Forquin–Hild anisotropic damage model. According to the calculations, the difference of crack pattern in EOI tests is related to the population of defects within the two ceramics. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.

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Yang, Yanfei, Tianpeng Ling, Yanchen Liu, and Sainan Xue. "Synergistic effect of hybrid ballistic soft armour panels." Composite Structures 272 (September 2021): 114211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114211.

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31

Chlubny, Leszek, Jerzy Lis, and Mirosław M. Bućko. "Sintering and Hot-Pressing of Ti₂AlC Obtained by SHS Process." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.282.

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Some of ternary materials in the Ti-Al-C system are called MAX-phases and are characterised by heterodesmic layer structure. Their specific structure consisting of covalent and metallic chemical bonds influence its semi-ductile features locating them on the boundary between metals and ceramics, which may lead to many potential applications, for example as a part of a ceramic armour. Ti2AlC is one of this nanolaminate materials. Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) was applied to obtain sinterable powders of Ti2AlC Utilization of heat produced in exothermal reaction in adiabatic conditions to sustain process until all substrates are transformed into product is one of the advantages of the method that result in low energy consumption and low cost combined with high efficiency. Different substrates were used to produce fine powders of ternary material. Phase compositions of obtained powder were examined by XRD method. Than selected powders were used for sintering in various temperature both in a presureless sintering and hot-pressing in argon atmosphere. Properties and phase composition of obtained products were examined.

32

Hallam, David, Andrew Heaton, Bryn James, Paul Smith, and Julie Yeomans. "The correlation of indentation behaviour with ballistic performance for spark plasma sintered armour ceramics." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 35, no. 8 (August 2015): 2243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.11.035.

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33

Wang, Zhen Qing, Xiao Jun Tang, Xin Tao Wang, Xiang Nan Meng, and Hong Qing Lv. "Effects of Ceramic Particle Reinforcement Distribution on the Penetration of FGM Armor." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1223.

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In this paper, ANSYS/LSDYNA software is used to simulate the process of armor-piercing projectile vertical penetrate metal matrix functionally graded material (FGM) armor reinforced by ceramic particles with the distribution of two power-law function along the thickness direction. The ceramic particle volume fraction varies from layer to layer along the armor thickness while ceramic particles total volume fraction remains unchanged. Four different ceramic particles distribution armors with the same total volume fraction are simulated. And the effects of the two power-law function types on the penetration of functionally graded material armor are investigated. The results show that the ballistic resistance of ceramic particle reinforced functionally graded armors is better than homogeneous ceramic particle reinforced armor with the same total volume fraction. Meanwhile, the larger the ceramic particles volume fraction on target surface is, the better ballistic resistance of functionally graded armors will be.

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Fejdyś, Marzena, Katarzyna Kośla, A. Kucharska-Jastrząbe, and Marcin Landwijt. "Hybride Composite Armour Systems with Advanced Ceramics and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Fibres." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 24, no. 3(117) (April 30, 2016): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1196616.

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35

MAYSTRENKO, Anatoliy L., Volodymyr I. KUSHCH, Evgeniy A. PASHCHENKO, Vitaliy G. KULICH, Olecksiy V. NESHPOR, and Sergiy P. BISYK. "Ceramic Armour for Armoured Vehicles Against Large-Calibre Bullets." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0279.

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Modelling the armour-piercing bullets B-32 calibre 12.7 mm penetration into the double-layer ceramic-composite armour has been performed for the armour blocks of two designs. The first one is a layer of ceramic square tiles supported by the glass or polyamide fabric. Modelling and subsequent ballistic tests have shown that the conical Hertz crack localized in the ceramic tile is formed. The tile is destroyed from the spread of radial cracks, and the entire armour unit becomes unable to sustain the repeated hit of the bullet. In the second case, the armour block consists of the discrete epoxy-filled cylindrical ceramic elements with spherical ends. The advantage of this "discrete" armour is localization of the damage zone and thus an ability to sustain the multiple bullet hits. The ballistic tests of the compared armour units have shown that both provide effective additional protection of light-armoured vehicles against the normal impact of the calibre 12.7 mm bullet.

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Larsson, Fritz, and Lars Svensson. "Carbon, polyethylene and PBO hybrid fibre composites for structural lightweight armour." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 33, no. 2 (February 2002): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(01)00095-1.

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Saha, S., and S. Karmakar. "Strengthening of the Structural Element by Using Armour – A Review of a Blast Protective Material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012060.

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Abstract Reinforced concrete (RC) is one of the most versatile materials used worldwide due to its strength, mouldability, excellent design life and low maintenance cost. The RC structure sustains several types of load during its service period. Unpredictable loads, such as blast loads, may come to the structure intentionally or accidentally. It is necessary to assess the behaviour of the structural element and its strengthening techniques. Structural elements may strengthen using Aramid fibre, CFRP, GFRP, etc. In the case of blast loading, armour is used as an external strengthening and gives better protection than other strengthening techniques. Armour is a protective material to protect any structural element from the sudden impact of load. Based on the composition, armours are broadly categorised as ceramic-based (Glass-ceramic), metal and alloy-based (steel) and composite ceramic (Fibre reinforced polymer with metal). Composite ceramic is lightweight and cost-effective compared with other armour materials. This study has discussed a detailed review of armour, and available experimental and numerical modelling data have been compared to evaluate its performance. It shows that numerical simulation can predict more accurately. Several types of armour damage have been observed, from which the critical parameters are maximum central deflection and plastic deformation of the armour sheet. Plastic deformation of the armour sheet increases when sheet thickness reduces. However, it performed better in bending when the thickness of the plate increased.

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Prasanth, Achuthamenon Sylajakumari, Vijayan Krishnaraj, Jayakrishnan Nampoothiri, Ramalingam Sindhumathi, Mohamed Raeez Akthar Sadik, Juan Pablo Escobedo, and Krishna Shankar. "Uniaxial Compressive Behavior of AA5083/SiC Co-Continuous Ceramic Composite Fabricated by Gas Pressure Infiltration for Armour Applications." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6020036.

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A novel approach of a gas pressure infiltration technique is presented for the synthesis of Co-Continuous Ceramic Composite (C4). SiC foams of varying pore sizes were infiltrated with aluminium AA5083. Optical examination revealed that the SiC foams contained open cells with a network of triangular voids. The number of pores-per-inch (PPI) in the foams was found to depend on the strut thickness and pore diameter. The compressive strengths of two foam configurations, 10 and 20 PPI, were estimated to lie between 1–2 MPa. After infiltration, the compressive yield strength of the resulting C4 was observed to increase to 126 MPa and 120 MPa, respectively, for the 10 and 20 PPI C4. Additionally, the infiltration of ceramic foam with the AA5083 alloy resulted in an increase in strength of 58–100 times when compared with plain ceramic foam. The failure modes of the composites in compression were analyzed by crack propagation and determining the type of failure. The study revealed that shear failure and vertical splitting were the predominant mechanisms of compression failure, and that the fabricated C4 is advantageous in mechanical properties compared to the plain ceramic foam. This study, therefore, suggests the use of C4 composites in armour applications.

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Sun, Danmei, Fuyou Zhu, and George K. Stylios. "Investigation of composite fabric impregnated with non-Newtonian fluid for protective textiles." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 8 (August 29, 2019): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319873067.

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Commercial high-performance fibre materials for body armour have very low surface friction and this has become an issue in the effectiveness of ballistic impact energy absorption. Also, the incidence of sports injuries in high contact sports is high. The severity of injuries of police and sportsman can be reduced by wearing enhanced protective clothing that have the ability to absorb the shocks. In this study, a type of non-Newtonian fluid has been developed. It became hardened upon a shock impact which was observed through a drop-on-weight test. The non-Newtonian fluid was successfully applied on to a traditional plain weave body armour fabric made of Twaron®. The treated fabric was studied by scanning electron microscopy and a yarn pulling-out test. It shows that the force to pull out a yarn from the non-Newtonian fluid treated fabric is four times higher than that of the untreated one. The flexibility of the non-Newtonian polymer treated fabric remains unchanged. The polymer can be used for applications where impact protection can be a highly desirable property.

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Mines, R. A. W. "A one-dimensional stress wave analysis of a lightweight composite armour." Composite Structures 64, no. 1 (April 2004): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(03)00213-7.

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Xu, Yue, Xiaogang Chen, Yan Wang, and Zishun Yuan. "Stabbing resistance of body armour panels impregnated with shear thickening fluid." Composite Structures 163 (March 2017): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.12.056.

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Kośla, Katarzyna, Paweł Kubiak, Marzena Fejdyś, Karolina Olszewska, Marcin Łandwijt, and Edyta Chmal-Fudali. "Preparation and Impact Resistance Properties of Hybrid Silicone-Ceramics Composites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 9098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249098.

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This article presents the method of preparation a new type of ballistic armor based on hybrid silicone-ceramic (HSC) composites with considerable flexibility. An experimental study on the ballistic behavior of HSC composites connected with soft body armor is presented against FSP.22 fragments. The effect of Al2O3 ceramics on the ballistic performance of HSC composite was investigated, and the fragmentation resistance process of the composite armor combining the HSC composite and soft aramid insert is clarified. Furthermore, impact resistance tests made with a drop tower which allows for a gravity drop of a mass along vertical guides onto a sample placed with an energy of 5 J were performed. The results presented in this paper show that the HSC composites can be successfully used as a hard body armor. However, they do not exhibit the properties of absorbing the impact energy generated during the drop tower tests. The test results show that the ballistic performance of composite armors is influenced by the hardness and Young modulus of ceramics and soft body armor panel. Additionally, in the article, the results of mechanical properties of silicones used for preparation of composites were presented and compiled to determine their role in the performance of impact protection.

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Yi, Xianfei. "Progress of ceramic materials in the application of armor protection." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 73 (November 29, 2023): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v73i.12987.

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Bulletproof ceramics have emerged as crucial elements within contemporary ballistic protection systems, aiding in safeguarding individuals and assets against various threats. As the demand for enhanced protection continues to rise, understanding the evolution and advancements in ceramic armor materials becomes imperative. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, properties, and advancements in ceramic armor materials. The nuanced comparative study of these ceramics includes highlighting the distinct ballistic properties of each, with a particular emphasis on the balance between hardness and potential fragility, as well as Silicon Carbide’s promising composite ceramics. The paper spotlights the transformative potential of graphene-modified ceramics, functional gradient materials, and micro-laminates. Alumina ceramics underscore the significance of microstructural optimization and the role of grain size adjustments. Conclusively, this paper offers a panoramic view of the past, present, and future trajectories of ceramic armor materials, advocating for continued research and innovation in this critical domain.

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Harris, A. J., B. Vaughan, J. A. Yeomans, P. A. Smith, and S. T. Burnage. "Surface preparation of silicon carbide for improved adhesive bond strength in armour applications." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 33, no. 15-16 (December 2013): 2925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.05.026.

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Jia, Yu, Xin Tao Wang, Li Ping Shi, and Fei Xiang He. "Numerical Simulation on the Effects of Ceramic Particle Reinforcement Distribution on the Penetration of Functionally Graded Material Armor." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.803.

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In this paper, LS-DYNA software was used to simulate the penetration of metal-ceramic functionally graded material armor made of Aluminum alloy reinforced by ceramic particle. The ceramic particle volume fraction varies from layer to layer along the armor thickness. The armor’s geometry of the calculation model considered was a four-sides-fixed supported square plate whose side length was far out weight its thickness. The penetrator considered was a long rod projectile, and it impacted the plate with three different speeds along the centre line of the plate. Three different armors with the same areal density were investigated. The results show that at relative low impact velocity, the ballistic resistance has very close relation with the gradient distribution of the armor. At relative high impact velocity, the ballistic resistance of functionally graded armors is not sensitive to the ceramic particle distribution. For the same areal density, the ballistic resistance of ceramic particle reinforced functionally graded armors is better than homogeneous aluminum alloy armor at any velocity situation.

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Yin, G. X., W. B. Li, X. N. Huang, K. B. Zhang, D. Hong, and J. H. Chen. "Ballistic performance study of multilayer Al₂O₃ ceramic-metal composite armor under strong confinement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 7 (June 1, 2023): 072011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/7/072011.

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Abstract A multilayer constrained alumina ceramic metal composite armor is designed in this paper. The effect of interlayer steel thickness of alumina ceramic metal armor on penetration process of tungsten alloy armor piercing projectile is studied by the penetration test and finite element simulation. The results show that in the case of the same layer of ceramics and equal surface density, the thicker the thickness of the steel plate away from the impact surface is, the better the support of the metal plate to the sandwich ceramics is. It is beneficial to maintain the initial volume of ceramics and the better ballistic performance of armor. The ballistic performance of the armor structure in this paper is 26.38 % higher than that of the Q235 steel plate with equal density.

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Walley, S. M. "Historical review of high strain rate and shock properties of ceramics relevant to their application in armour." Advances in Applied Ceramics 109, no. 8 (November 2010): 446–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174367609x422180.

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Chen, Zhiyong, Yingqiang Xu, Miaoling Li, Bin Li, Weizhi Song, Li Xiao, Yulong Cheng, and Songyan Jia. "Investigation on Residual Strength and Failure Mechanism of the Ceramic/UHMWPE Armors after Ballistic Tests." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030901.

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In this paper, the ballistic damage mechanism and residual bearing capacity of ceramic/backing plate armor were investigated. First, a series of lightweight armors were prepared, consisting of ceramic and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite (UHMWPE) plates, and were wrapped in a high-strength fabric. Then, the ceramic/UHMWPE armors were hit by one or two bullets, and finally subjected to compression testing. The results showed that the main failure mode of integral ceramic/UHMWPE armors was ceramic brittle fracture. Many zigzag patterns on the compression curve indicated that the specimens had undergone the stages of crack propagation, ceramic fragment reorganization, plastic deformation of UHMWPE backing plate, interlaminar tearing, and overall fracture. The failure of spliced ceramic/UHMWPE armors was mainly due to the dislocation between ceramic sheets; the smooth compression curves indicated that there was no recombination of ceramic fragments and obvious interlayer debonding during the compression. Under the maximum load, each ceramic/UHMWPE armor with ballistic damage did not suddenly break and fail. The structure and thickness of ceramic plates all had an impact on residual strength: under the same structure, the greater the thickness, the greater the residual strength, but the relationship between them was not linear; under the same thickness, the residual strength of the spliced ceramic/UHMWPE armor was higher. The residual strength was also related to the number of shots: after two bullets hit, its value was only one-third of that after one bullet hit.

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Lestari, Ary, Leni Tria Melati, Kasim Kasim, Jupriyanto Jupriyanto, and George Royke Deksino. "Ceramic Armor as Protective Material in Defense Industry Product: A Literature Review." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 5, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v5i1.175.

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Ceramics are currently widely used in various defense industries. Among them are the purposes of body armor (vests and helmets), vehicle protection, and ballistic protection. This review aims to provide insight into ceramic armor materials including their manufacture, use, and application as protective materials. The method used is a literature review and describes the results of the analysis related to the application of ceramic materials in the form of ceramic armor. The use of ceramic armor materials in defense industry products is proven to provide good performance compared to metal materials, especially in increasing the mobility capabilities of defense personnel. In addition, the use of ceramic armor has initiated the development of lightweight protective materials so that various technologies have been developed to maximize the use of ceramics in the defense industry. Keramik saat ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai industri pertahanan. Diantaranya untuk keperluan bahan pelindung tubuh (rompi dan helm), pelindung kendaraan, dan pelindung balistik. Review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang material armor keramik yang meliputi pembuatan, penggunaan, dan aplikasinya sebagai bahan pelindung. Metode yang digunakan adalah literatur review dan mendeskripsikan hasil analisa terkait aplikasi material keramik dalam bentuk ceramic armor. Pemanfaatan material armor keramik pada produk industri pertahanan terbukti dapat memberikan performa yang baik dibandingkan dengan material logam terutama dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mobilitas dari personil pertahanan. Selain itu penggunaan armor keramik telah menginisiasi pengembangan material pelindung ringan sehingga berbagai macam teknologi dikembangkan untuk dapat memaksimalkan penggunaan keramik dalam industri pertahanan.

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Shen, Zhiwei, Zhiguo Tao, Jishan Li, and Nan Li. "Uncertain ballistic effects and reliability optimization design of ceramics composite armors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 7 (June 1, 2023): 072031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/7/072031.

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Abstract The uncertain ballistic effects and reliability optimization design of the ceramics composite armors are investigated. Considering the material uncertainty, the ballistic penetration process is analyzed through simulation model. The effects interlayer SiC mass fraction and the matrix thickness gradient ratio are discussed. The optimal parameters of both material and structure are obtained through reliability design methods and verified through ballistic experiments. The results show that the standard deviation can be reduced when interlayer SiC mass fraction increases. The ballistic depth can be reduced by increasing the gradient ratio. Through optimization, the ballistic reliability of the ceramic composite armor is improved.

Journal articles on the topic 'Armour Ceramics'

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