Relevant bibliographies by topics / Armillaria

Academic literature on the topic 'Armillaria'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Armillaria"

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Kile, G. A., and R. Watling. "Armillaria bulbosa." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 84, no. 1 (January 1985): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(85)80237-0.

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Frontz, T. M., D. D. Davis, B. A. Bunyard, and D. J. Royse. "Identification of Armillaria species isolated from bigtooth aspen based on rDNA RFLP analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x97-197.

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) of the intergenic region (IGR-1) between the 3 ' end of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene and the 5 ' end of the 5S rRNA gene was used to identify 39 isolates of Armillaria species collected from live or recently dead bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) trees and sucker sprouts in the Tioga State Forest, Pennsylvania. The unknown isolates were identified by comparing their restriction fragment patterns with 18 isolates of known Armillaria species common to the northeastern United States. Twenty of the unknown isolates (50%) were identified as either Armillaria gallica or Armillaria calvescens. Eighteen (46%) of the isolates were identified as Armillaria ostoyae. One isolate of Armillaria sinapina was obtained from a recently dead aspen tree. One isolate of Armillaria mellea, considered to be the most divergent of the Armillaria species, was obtained from basidiomes fruiting on a recently dead aspen tree near Berwick, Pennsylvania. In some instances, amplification of DNA was possible by adding mycelial scrapes directly to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mix, thus precluding the need for DNA extraction. Advancements in RFLP analysis may offer a method able to provide rapid and precise identification of most North American and European Armillaria isolates.
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McLaughlin, J. A. "Distribution, hosts, and site relationships of Armillaria spp. in central and southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-084.

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This study investigated the species, geographic distribution, host range, site relationships, and impacts of Armillaria in central and southern Ontario. Rhizomorphs and infected wood samples were collected at 110 of 111 sites. Six species were identified by polymerase chain reaction or diploid–haploid pairings. Armillaria gallica Marxmuller & Romagn. was most commonly isolated and had the broadest host range. It was seldom isolated from conifers but often from oaks. It was the species most often found on moist sites and showed strong preference for calcareous soils. Armillaria calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault was rarely isolated from conifers but often from maples, where it commonly caused butt rot. It was found most often on coarse loamy or fine, well-drained, fresh sites. Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink. had the second broadest host range. It was seldom found on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) but dominated on conifers, especially on dry–fresh, rapidly drained sandy to coarse loamy sites. It was not found on sites with finer soils. Armillaria sinapina Bérubé & Dessureault and Armillaria gemina Bérubé & Dessureault were found in more northerly parts of the study area on noncalcareous sites. Armillaria sinapina often caused butt rot and was often found on poorly drained sites. Armillaria gemina was found only on hardwoods. Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer s.st. was found on dead hardwoods at four locations.
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Chen, Liqiong, Bettina Bóka, Orsolya Kedves, Viktor Dávid Nagy, Attila Szűcs, Simang Champramary, Róbert Roszik, et al. "Towards the Biological Control of Devastating Forest Pathogens from the Genus Armillaria." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111013.

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Research Highlights: A large scale effort to screen, characterize, and select Trichoderma strains with the potential to antagonize Armillaria species revealed promising candidates for field applications. Background and Objectives: Armillaria species are among the economically most relevant soilborne tree pathogens causing devastating root diseases worldwide. Biocontrol agents are environment-friendly alternatives to chemicals in restraining the spread of Armillaria in forest soils. Trichoderma species may efficiently employ diverse antagonistic mechanisms against fungal plant pathogens. The aim of this paper is to isolate indigenous Trichoderma strains from healthy and Armillaria-damaged forests, characterize them, screen their biocontrol properties, and test selected strains under field conditions. Materials and Methods: Armillaria and Trichoderma isolates were collected from soil samples of a damaged Hungarian oak and healthy Austrian spruce forests and identified to the species level. In vitro antagonism experiments were performed to determine the potential of the Trichoderma isolates to control Armillaria species. Selected biocontrol candidates were screened for extracellular enzyme production and plant growth-promoting traits. A field experiment was carried out by applying two selected Trichoderma strains on two-year-old European Turkey oak seedlings planted in a forest area heavily overtaken by the rhizomorphs of numerous Armillaria colonies. Results: Although A. cepistipes and A. ostoyae were found in the Austrian spruce forests, A. mellea and A. gallica clones dominated the Hungarian oak stand. A total of 64 Trichoderma isolates belonging to 14 species were recovered. Several Trichoderma strains exhibited in vitro antagonistic abilities towards Armillaria species and produced siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid. Oak seedlings treated with T. virens and T. atrobrunneum displayed better survival under harsh soil conditions than the untreated controls. Conclusions: Selected native Trichoderma strains, associated with Armillaria rhizomorphs, which may also have plant growth promoting properties, are potential antagonists of Armillaria spp., and such abilities can be exploited in the biological control of Armillaria root rot.
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Rizzo, D. M., E. C. Whiting, and R. B. Elkins. "Spatial Distribution of Armillaria mellea in Pear Orchards." Plant Disease 82, no. 11 (November 1998): 1226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.11.1226.

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Pears have traditionally been considered to be highly resistant to Armillaria root disease (causal agent: Armillaria mellea). In recent years, however, the incidence of Armillaria root disease in pears has increased in California. To determine the spatial distribution of Armillaria root disease in the field, a total of 156 isolates of Armillaria were collected from dead and dying pear trees located within two orchards in Lake County. All isolates from these two orchards, as well as from an additional 10 pear orchards, were identified as Armillaria mellea sensu stricto. Based on pairings among 102 Armillaria isolates, four somatic incompatibility groups (SIGs) were identified at orchard 1. Three of the four SIGs at this site were over 100 m in length; the largest SIG was at least 200 m in length. Pairings among 54 isolates identified five SIGs at orchard 2. The SIGs at orchard 2 were generally smaller than those detected at orchard 1 and ranged from 20 to 60 m in length. The size of the SIGs points toward long-term establishment of the fungus on the two sites, most likely predating the establishment of the pear orchards. Extensive root excavations of 19 trees indicated that the primary means of secondary spread of Armillaria was via rhizomorphs, as opposed to root-to-root contact.
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Kromroy, K. W., R. A. Blanchette, and D. F. Grigal. "Armillaria species on small woody plants, small woody debris, and root fragments in red pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-067.

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The incidence of Armillaria on small woody plants, small woody debris, and root fragments was estimated in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands in northeastern Minnesota. Soil core samples 10 cm in diameter, and extending to a depth of either 16 or 25 cm, were collected from 13 stands belonging to three age-classes. Half of the youngest stands had been treated using herbicide. Mycelial fans or rhizomorphs of Armillaria were observed on 13% of the small woody plants and isolated from 8% of them. Including small woody debris and root fragments, 38% of 0–16 cm deep samples had Armillaria. Armillaria was observed on 3% and isolated from 1% of individual substrate units from 0 to 25 cm deep samples. Within a single stand, 0%–67% of the samples and 0%–9% of the individual units had evidence of Armillaria. All but one isolate were Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink. Herbicide-treated and untreated red pine stands had similar Armillaria incidence, and there was a trend of incidence inversely related to stand age-class. Large numbers of small woody plants, woody debris, and root fragments were found in red pine stands; varying percentages of these substrates were contributing to the survival of Armillaria and could also be serving as sources of root disease inoculum.
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Warwell, Marcus, Geral McDonald, John Hanna, Mee-Sook Kim, Bradley Lalande, Jane Stewart, Andrew Hudak, and Ned Klopfenstein. "Armillaria altimontana Is Associated with Healthy Western White Pine (Pinus monticola): Potential in Situ Biological Control of the Armillaria Root Disease Pathogen, A. solidipes." Forests 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040294.

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Research Highlights: Two genets of Armillaria altimontana Brazee, B. Ortiz, Banik, and D.L. Lindner and five genets of Armillaria solidipes Peck (as A. ostoyae [Romagnesi] Herink) were identified and spatially mapped within a 16-year-old western white pine (Pinus monticola Doug.) plantation, which demonstrated distinct spatial distribution and interspecific associations. Background and Objectives: A. solidipes and A. altimontana frequently co-occur within inland western regions of the contiguous USA. While A. solidipes is well-known as a virulent primary pathogen that causes root disease on diverse conifers, little has been documented on the impact of A. altimontana or its interaction with A. solidipes on growth, survival, and the Armillaria root disease of conifers. Materials and Methods: In 1971, a provenance planting of P. monticola spanning 0.8 ha was established at the Priest River Experimental Forest in northern Idaho, USA. In 1987, 2076 living or recently dead trees were measured and surveyed for Armillaria spp. to describe the demography and to assess the potential influences of Armillaria spp. on growth, survival, and the Armillaria root disease among the study trees. Results: Among the study trees, 54.9% were associated with Armillaria spp. The genets of A. altimontana and A. solidipes comprised 82.7% and 17.3% of the sampled isolates (n = 1221) from the study plot, respectively. The mapped distributions showed a wide, often noncontiguous, spatial span of individual Armillaria genets. Furthermore, A. solidipes was found to be uncommon in areas dominated by A. altimontana. The trees colonized by A. solidipes were associated with a lower tree growth/survival and a substantially higher incidence of root disease than trees colonized only by A. altimontana or trees with no colonization by Armillaria spp. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that A. altimontana was not harmful to P. monticola within the northern Idaho planting. In addition, the on-site, species-distribution patterns suggest that A. altimontana acts as a long-term, in situ biological control of A. solidipes. The interactions between these two Armillaria species appear critical to understanding the Armillaria root disease in this region.
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Bérubé, J. A., and M. Dessureault. "Morphological characterization of Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria sinapina sp.nov." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-277.

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In Quebec, the root rot fungus Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.) Kummer in the broad sense was found to be composed of three intersterile groups or biological species by using mating tests with standard voucher strains. Monosporous cultures of our specimens were compatible with strains of groups I, V, and VI. Groups I and V corresponding to A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and A. sinapina sp.nov., respectively, are described and their occurrence and ecology documented. Morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and of vegetative isolates can be used to differentiate A. ostoyae, A. sinapina, and A. mellea s.str. Armillaria ostoyae and A. sinapina are mild pathogens or saprotrophs on declining trees or stumps, whereas A. mellea s.str. appears to be an aggressive pathogen.
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Devkota, Pratima, and Raymond Hammerschmidt. "The infection process of Armillaria mellea and Armillaria solidipes." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 112 (December 2020): 101543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2020.101543.

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Burrill, E. A., J. J. Worrall, P. M. Wargo, and S. V. Stehman. "Effects of defoliation and cutting in eastern oak forests on Armillaria spp. and a competitor, Megacollybia platyphylla." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-001.

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Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and Armillaria root rot interact to cause extensive mortality in eastern oak forests. Defoliation by gypsy moth weakens trees and increases their susceptibility to Armillaria root rot. Partial cutting prior to defoliation has been proposed as a management technique because it may increase tree vigor and the ability to withstand defoliation stress. However, cutting could also increase inoculum potential of Armillaria by providing a resource, the residual stumps. Megacollybia platyphylla (Pers.:Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz. is a native, cord-forming, saprobic fungus that may compete with Armillaria for resources such as stumps, snags and debris. A factorial treatment design with three levels of cutting and three levels of defoliation was used to examine the effects of cutting and defoliation on the two fungi. Among uncut stands, defoliated stands had significantly greater colonization of resource units by Armillaria than nondefoliated stands. However, stands that were cut prior to defoliation had significantly less Armillaria colonization and significantly more M. platyphylla colonization than those that were not cut. Armillaria colonized snags better than stumps and colonized least well in debris, where M. platyphylla showed its best colonizing performance. The data suggest that cutting mitigates the effects of defoliation on colonization by Armillaria and are consistent with the hypothesis that M. platyphylla plays a role in such mitigation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Armillaria"

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Teynié, Ludovic. "Les Armillaires : étude bibliographique de leurs particularités chimiques et biochimiques." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P064.

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West, Jon. "Chemical control of Armillaria root rot." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386565.

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Cleary, Michelle R. "Host responses in Douglas-fir, western hemlock and western redcedar to infection by Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria sinapina." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30763.

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Necrophylactic periderm (NP) formation and compartmentalization of infected tissue were examined in roots of 20-30 year-old western redcedar (Thujaplicata), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees infected by Armillaria ostoyae. Microscopic investigation of abiotically wounded roots, as well as roots naturally infected and inoculated with A. ostoyae revealed distinct differences in the types and frequency of host responses between cedar and the other two conifers. Following invasion by A. ostoyae, a higher frequency of successful resistance reactions was induced in western redcedar compared to Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Breaching of non-suberized impervious tissue (NIT) and NP was common in Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees. The barrier zone in cedar formed by the uninjured cambium was comprised of axial parenchyma with pigmented deposits and provided a permanent barrier to spread by the fungus. Unique resistance mechanisms in cedar involving induced rhytidome formation impart increased resistance to the spread of A. ostoyae in host tissue. In three inoculation trials, penetration of living bark on host roots by A. sinapina did not differ from A. ostoyae. However, the frequency of successful resistance reactions induced following invasion by A. sinapina in Douglas-fir and western hemlock was significantly higher than the same species infected with A. ostoyae. Inoculum potential and host-pathogen interactions were key determinants of pathogenicity of A. sinapina on all hosts. In a survey of twenty juvenile mixed species plantations throughout the southern Interior of B.C., cumulative mortality in Douglas-fir trees was significantly higher than in western redcedar trees (p < 0.001). The incidence o f mortality decreased with increasing tree size for both species, however the rate o f decrease was markedly greater among cedar compared to Douglas-fir trees. The proportion of trees that showed compartmentalization and callusing at the root collar increased with increasing tree size, but the increase was markedly greater for cedar than Douglas-fir and occurred much earlier even when the trees were relatively small. Results indicate that the higher degree of resistance against A. ostoyae in western redcedar may help alleviate long-term impacts of root disease when regenerated on sites infested with Armillaria root disease.
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Dudley, Roy 1972. "Genetic mapping of Armillaria ostoyae using RAPD markers." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20796.

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We report here the use of RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction) to identify segregating loci in the haploid progeny of an Armillaria ostoyae basidiocarp and the construction of the first genetic linkage map of this fungus, one of the causal species of Armillaria Root Disease. Upon screening 75 RAPD primers, 18 were found to identify a total of 43 loci segregating with a 1 : 1 Mendelian ratio. These loci were analysed for linkage among 58 monospore progeny. The map constructed with Mapmaker (LOD = 3.0, r = 0.38) was confirmed by GMendel (LOD = 1.5, r = 0.38). This map arranged 30 loci into 6 linkage groups and 4 linkage pairs. Thirteen markers remained unlinked. Using the Kosambi mapping function the linked loci accounted for approximately 450 cM and the genome was estimated to be 1600 cM. This preliminary map covers approximately 28% of the A. ostoyae genome.
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Baucom, Deana L. "Armillaria species in the Missouri Ozarks forests." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4306.

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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 18, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Davidson, A. J. "A comparative study of four Armillaria species." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377215.

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Piercey-Normore, Michele D. "Molecular evolution, identification and epidemiology of North American species of a root-infecting fungus, Armillaria." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0003/NQ36212.pdf.

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Agustian. "Contribution à la connaissance de la taxonomie des armillaires africaines : études enzymatiques et en particulier des -glucosidases." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10284.

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Les armillaires sont des champignons telluriques qui attaquent les racines et provoquent une destruction des plantes. Plusieurs espèces sont déjà identifiées en Europe, en Amérique du nord et en Australie. En revanche, la détermination des espèces sur le continent africain n'est pas clairement établie. Trois groupes ont été déterminés en Afrique: le groupe I a été identifié à l'espèce a. Heimii de Pegler qui fait preuve d'une très grande variabilité (heterothallique et homothallique), le groupe II qui s'apparente a l'espèce a. Mellea (homothallique) et le groupe III qui correspond à des isolats des hauts plateaux du Kenya et qui pour l'instant n'a pas reçu de nom linnéen. Le présent travail a pour but de caractériser et de discriminer les isolats d'armillaires africaines. A cette fin ont été utilisés les profils isoenzymatiques la croissance et l'activité enzymatique des rhizomorphes poussés sur différents milieux de culture, la production et la caractérisation des b-glucosidases et enfin l'étude immunologique de ses enzymes produites par un isolat d'a. Mellea. L'étude isoenzymatique des sept enzymes impliquées dans le métabolisme primaire azote et carbone de dix isolats d'armillaires africaines représentant les trois groupes précédents a permis de séparer ces isolats en trois groupes correspondant à la discrimination basée sur l'aspect morphologique, la physiologie et la compatibilité sexuelle. Les résultats ont montré des différences entre les isolats des hauts plateaux du Kenya et les isolats des autres espèces: a. Mellea et a. Heimii
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Pareek, Mamta School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Structure and role of rhizomorphs of Armillaria luteobubalina." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24353.

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Two different types of rhizomorphs were produced by A. luteobubalina in vitro conditions - aerial and submerged. They differed in growth rate, amount of mucilage, extent of peripheral hyphae, degree of pigmentation and in the structure of inner cortex. Otherwise they had a similar internal structure comprising 4 radial zones, namely, peripheral hyphae, outer cortex, inner cortex and medulla. Two membrane permeant symplastic fluorescent tracers, carboxy-DFFDA and CMAC which ultimately sequestered in vacuoles, behaved in a similar fashion in aerial and submerged rhizomorphs regardless of whether pigment was present in the outer cortical cell walls or in the extracellular material. Rhizomorphs appeared to be mostly impermeable to these probes with exception of a few fluorescent patches that potentially connected peripheral hyphae to inner cortical cells. In contrast, the apoplastic tracer HPTS which was applied to fresh material and its localisation determined in semi-thin (dry) sections following anhydrous freeze substitution appeared to be impeded by the pigmentation in cell walls and/or the extracellular material in the outer cortical zone. Structures identified as air pores arose directly from the mycelium and grew upwards into the air. A cluster of rhizomorph apices is initiated immediately beneath the air pores. As air pores elongated they differentiated into a cylindrical structure. Mature air pores became pigmented as did also the surface mycelium of the colony. The pigmented surface layer extended into the base of air pores, where it was elevated into a mound by tissue inside the base of the air pore. Beneath the pigmented surface layer there was a region of loose hyphae with extensive gas space between them. This gas space extended into the base of the air pore and was continuous with the central gas canal of rhizomorphs. Oxygen is conducted through the air pores and their associated rhizomorph gas canals into the oxygen electrode chamber with a conductivity averaging 679??68x10-12 m3s-1. The time averaged oxygen concentration data from the oxygen electrode chamber were used to compare three different air pore diffusion models. It was found that the widely used pseudo-steady-state model overestimated the oxygen conductivity. Finally, a model developed on the basis of fundamental transport equations was used to calculate oxygen diffusivities. This model gave a better comparison with the experimental data.
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Dudley, Roy. "Genetic mapping of Armillaria ostoyae using RAPD markers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ44087.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Armillaria"

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Shaw, Charles G. Armillaria root disease. Washington, D.C: Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1991.

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Shaw, Charles G. Armillaria root disease. Washington, D.C: Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1991.

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Shaw, Charles G. Armillaria root disease. Washington, D.C: Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1991.

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Davidson, Roy M. Armillaria (shoestring) root rot. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1994.

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Reaves, Jimmy L. In vitro fruiting of Armillaria species. [Portland, Ore.]: U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1991.

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Volk, Thomas J. A nomenclatural study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae). Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora, 1995.

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Morrison, D. J. Control of Armillaria and Phellinus root diseases: 20-year results from the Skimikin stump removal experiment. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1988.

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Wahlström, Kjell T. Infection biology of Armillaria species: In vitro pectinolytic activity, infection strategy field distribution and host responses. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept of Forest Mycology and Pathology, 1992.

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Morrissey, Brian Eamon. A study of the sesquiterpene aryl esters of armillaria species. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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McDonald, G. I. Armillaria in the northern Rockies: Delineation of isolates into clones. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Armillaria"

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Kiani, Bushra Hafeez. "Honey Fungus (Armillaria mellea)." In Mushrooms, 48–65. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322238-4.

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Roux, Jolanda, and Martin P. A. Coetzee. "Armillaria Root Rot of Theobroma cacao." In Cacao Diseases, 429–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24789-2_13.

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Bruhn, Johann N., and Jeanne D. Mihail. "Opportunistically Pathogenic Root Rot Fungi: Armillaria Species." In Ecological Studies, 337–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0021-2_19.

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Rizzo, D. M., and R. Gross. "Distribution of Armillaria on pear root systems and a comparison of root excavation techniques." In The Supporting Roots of Trees and Woody Plants: Form, Function and Physiology, 305–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3469-1_30.

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Davet, Pierre, Binod Lal, Brigitte Lung-Escarmant, and Jean-Philippe Gallet. "A Method to Screen Trichoderma Isolates Against Soil Sclerotial Fungi and Armillaria Root Rot." In Biological Control of Plant Diseases, 427–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_59.

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Delatour, C., and J. J. Guillaumin. "Role of Armillaria in the Decline of Silver Fir in the Vosges and the Massif Central (Short Report)." In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, 353–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_16.

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Gil Vallejo, Luis Fernando. "Enfermedades exóticas en la caficultura colombiana: Control por exclusión." In Enfermedades del cafeto en Colombia, 193–95. Cenicafé, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.38141/10791/0025_24.

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Se presenta la lista de los organismos descritos en café, que no han sido registrados en Colombia y que debido al daño económico que ocasionan en los países cafeteros de África, se constituyen en los principales riesgos patológicos para la caficultura nacional. Entre estos están: /Colletotrichum kahawae/; /Fusarium xylarioides/; /Hemileia coffeicola/; /Xylella fastidiosa/; /Fusarium stilboides/; /Fusarium solani/; /Ganoderma philippi/; /Armillaria mellea/; /Pseudomonas syringae/; /Phomosis coffeae/ y /Phomosis coffeae/.
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Ullrich, R. C., and J. B. Anderson. "Armillaria Mellea, Cause of Rots in Woody Species." In Genetics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi, 491–99. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-033706-4.50036-0.

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FOX, R. T. V., J. J. W. OBANYA OBORE, and A. M. MCQUE. "Prospects for the Integrated Control of Armillaria Root Rot of Trees." In Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases, 154–59. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88728-3.50028-7.

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"Bibliographie." In Armillaire, 347–58. La Découverte, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dec.heini.2000.01.0347.

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Conference papers on the topic "Armillaria"

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Zhong, Xin, Hui-Ying Jiang, Jun-Lin Guo, Zhi-Chen Liu, and Li-Ying Yu. "POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTED FROM ARMILLARIA MELLEA BY ULTRASONIC -ASSISTED METHOD." In International Conference on New Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing (ICNMIM). Volkson Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icnmim.01.2018.326.329.

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Feize, L., D. Minai-Tehrani, B. Behboudi, and E. Keyhani. "Identification of the respiratory chain of Armillaria mellea (A.m.) in mushroom state and cultured in vitro." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0014.

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Grantina, L., E. Seile, U. Malinovskis, G. Tabors, R. Kasparinskis, V. Nikolajeva, and I. Muiznieks. "Particular characteristics of soil microbial communities in forest stands infected with Heterobasidion parviporum and Armillaria spp." In Proceedings of the III International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2009). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814322119_0020.

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Yan, Hong-Sen, and Tsung-Yi Lin. "A Systematic Approach to the Reconstruction of Ancient Chinese Escapement Regulators." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/edc-34382.

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It is generally believed that the first escapement regulator invented is the waterwheel steelyard-clepsydra device made in ancient China by Su Song during the Northern Song Dynasty (960~1,127 AD). The device, which was a unique feature of the ancient Chinese escapement regulators, was used in Su’s famous clock tower, Shui Yun Yi Xiang Tai (Water-Powered Armillary Sphere and Celestial Globe). Evidence found in certain historical literature, however, suggests that the astronomical clocks made before the Northern Song Dynasty were also equipped with escapement regulators. But due to insufficient literature on the specific design of the devices and the fact that none of the earlier escapement regulators have been recovered, it has been very difficult to recreate the original mechanism design. Therefore, in view of this problem, we wish to present a reconstruction design procedure for the ancient machinery in this paper. By combining the innovative mechanism design methodology with the mechanical evolution and variation theory, we can systematically recreate all feasible and appropriate designs that are consistent with the science theories and techniques of the subject time period. In this paper, the waterwheel steelyard-clepsydra device made by Su Song was adopted as the original design for the reconstruction of ancient Chinese escapement regulators. Utilizing the procedure proposed in this paper, the reconstruction designs we recreated included 12 six-bar and eight-joint waterwheel steelyard-clepsydra devices, among which 10 were with four-bar linkages and 2 were with rope-and-pulley mechanisms. These results can be further used in the study of ancient Chinese mechanical clocks, especially in reconstruction research.
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Reports on the topic "Armillaria"

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Reaves, Jimmy L., and Michael McWilliams. In vitro fruiting of Armillaria species. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-505.

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Kromroy, Kathryn W. Identification of Armillaria Species in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rn-388.

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Filip, Gregory M., and Lewis F. Roth. Seven chemicals fail to protect Ponderosa pine from Armillaria root disease in central Washington. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-460.

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Klopfenstein, Ned B., Mee-Sook Kim, John W. Hanna, Bryce A. Richardson, and John E. Lundquist. Approaches to predicting potential impacts of climate change on forest disease: an example with Armillaria root disease. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-76.

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McDonald, Geral I., Philip D. Tanimoto, Thomas M. Rice, David E. Hall, Jane E. Stewart, Paul J. Zambino, Jonalea R. Tonn, Ned B. Klopfenstein, and Mee-Sook Kim. Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; environmental consequences fact sheet 13: Root Disease Analyzer-Armillaria Response Tool (ART). Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-23-v13.

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