Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Armies, colonial – history'
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Evrard, Camille. "De l'armée coloniale à l'armée nationale en Mauritanie : une histoire militaire sahélo-saharienne, de la conquête à la guerre du Sahara (1934-1978)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010638.
Full textThis thesis proposes a multidimensional history of the army of Mauritania since the French military conquest of the Western Sahara to the coup d’état of 10 July 1978 that inaugurated a long era of military governments. The colonial army, just like the colonial state, has its own characteristics. It develops, through its experiences, multiple adaptation strategies, both in terms of its organisation and military missions. Its two salient features are the double recruitment (that differentiates between sub-Saharan tirailleurs and « suppletifs maures » and the multiplicity of its missions (political, military, defense and policing).These specificities are partly inherited by the national armed forces through the transmission of military power (and domain ?). This process is particular contingent and must be analysed in all its complexity. This study of the effects of institutional transformations, linked to the analysis of the geopolitical stakes of the sub-region, demonstrates that local issues and dynamics are as significant as global ones. The study of the history of the Mauritanian army, gendarmerie and national guard since independance until the mid 1970s allows to identify the continuities, but also the trajectory of the postcolonial Mauritanian state, whose path is linked both to the agenda of local actors and the old colonial war
Essono-Edzang, Aristide. "Étude d'une société : les auxiliaires "indigènes" de l'autorité coloniale en Afrique Équatoriale Française (A.E.F.)." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30017.
Full textEvery colonial administration used natives assistants to help it govern the colonial territories. The french colonial territories in central africa, known as french equatorial africa (a. E. F. ) as from 1910, did not escape from this rule. In fact, from the arrival of the french in the region in the middle of the nineteenth century until the four territories which made up the a. E. F. Federation (gabon, congo, central africa and tchad) became independent in 1960, many indigenous "allies" were integrated in the french colonial administration. This group of assistants was composed of differents kinds of individuals (traditional chiefs, interpreters, nurses, domestic servants, military men, militiamen, secretaries, ect. . . ). Although this group of people occupied the lowest positions in the colonial administration, they formed a distinct social category in the colonial society. To the extent that they became almost like a pressure group which the colonial authority had to take into account. After the second world war, this group of individuals benefited from the decolonization movements from which they emerged as the new local elites. In fact, it was the political-administrative assistants which later took over the direction of the four new countries of the former a. E. F. At time of independence in 1960
Banguiam, Kodjalbaye Olivier. "Les officiers français : constitution et devenir de leurs collections africaines issues de la conquête coloniale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100045/document.
Full textThis research concerns the French officers contribution during the colonization of Africa and the quality of the african objects that they collected. It aims to study the exploration and the conquest of Africa at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. During this period, European countries sent in the different parts of the continent many explorers to colonize the population. Those explorers had different social classes and jobs. Among them, there were, for example, religious persons, administrators and soldiers. It is the colonial action of the French officers in the different countries of Africa (Mali, Senegal, Congo, Chad, Central Africa Republic…) that is studing. During the exploration travel, the colonial officers discovered in those countries different kinds of objects. According of the instructions they received in France before their travel, they collected the local objects as the arms, the royal objects, the music objects, the cooking objects, the objects of the traditional ceremony. It’s interesting to study where the objects provided and the conditions of the collect. It’s a best way to know the particularities of the result of the officers discoveries. At the end of the journey in Africa, the officers brought to France the result of the collect and offered the objects to the French museums as the Musée de l’Homme, the Musée de l’Armée. Today, the Musée du Quai Branly is conserving the documents about the exploration travels of many officers (Archinard, Brazza, Marchand, Tilho, Lenfant…) and some of the objects they had collected for studying the customs of the African populations. We interroged about 1500 objects they had collected. The history of those objects is associated to the Africa colonization history. Nowadays, those objects constitute a colonial heritage and permit to analyze the European vision and the military perception about the African material culture and to know the degree of the civilization of the African populations who made and used those objects in Africa at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th
Eckert, Henri. "Les militaires indochinois au service de la France (1859-1939)." Lille : A.N.R.T, Université de Lille III, 1998. http://dds.crl.edu/CRLdelivery.asp?tid=11817.
Full textLoris, Rodionoff Marius. "Crises et reconfigurations de la relation d'autorité dans l'armée française au défi de la guerre d'Algérie (1954-1966)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H067.
Full textThis thesis studies the crises and reconfigurations of authority within the French am1y from 1954 to 1966. The Algerian war appears as the end point of many theoretical and practical writings aiming at endowing chiefs with initiatives and at establishing active submission on the part of soldiers. At the level of leadership, the Algerian war sanctions small chiefs' initiative that allows them to make their own rules. And yet, power relations are undermined by phenomena of competition between chiefs who fight between themselves to obtain honours and results. ln the context of a mass am1y many counter-power emerge to counter, cancel or sometimes collaborate with hierarchical authority. The soldiers become the cri tics of such practices and commit acts of resistance in the back of the hierarchy. By building on the TPF A of Constantine, we meticulously index and historicise the forms of disobedience recorded but we also describe the profiles of those who breached these power relations. These acts of disobedience are strong during the period of the beginning of the war between 1954 and 1957. During the high of the war (1957-1961), the acts of disobedience stay plenty but the sanctions only focus on the most serious cases thus giving the impression that they diminished. The end of the war ( 1961-1966), between the putsch and the departure of the French am1y, is marked by a crisis of discipline that leads to a series of reforms aiming at rebuilding the relations between the army and the citizen-soldiers
Mendes, Laura Peraza 1988. "O serviço de armas nas guerras contra Palmares = expedições, soldados e mercês (Pernambuco, segunda metade do século XVII)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279440.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Havia uma longa teia que ligava a Coroa portuguesa aos colonos que habitavam seu vasto império. Pela prestação de serviços, os habitantes do Ultramar se transformavam em vassalos, ao demonstrarem sua lealdade ao monarca português e serem recompensados por isso. Uma das vias encontradas pelos moradores da América Portuguesa para servir à Coroa foi por meio das armas, pelo combate a inimigos estrangeiros, negros e índios revoltosos, além do financiamento de expedições e batalhas. No caso da capitania de Pernambuco, a luta contra os mocambos de Palmares mostrou-se uma ótima oportunidade para servir à Coroa e posteriormente requerer mercês, como hábitos das Ordens Militares, tenças, postos militares e cargos de ofícios. Esta pesquisa foi pensada para trazer contribuições ao conhecimento da história militar colonial, tendo como pano de fundo as expedições enviadas para combater os mocambos de Palmares entre 1676 e 1679. Por meio da análise de alguns aspectos da organização e realização dessas expedições, objetiva-se compreender melhor o serviço de armas na capitania de Pernambuco e o modo como ele foi financiado e remunerado, criando laços entre os vassalos na América e a Coroa portuguesa
Abstract: There was a long web that connected the Portuguese Crown to the settlers of its vast empire. The Ultramar inhabitants could become vassals through their services, when they proved their loyalty to the Portuguese monarch and were rewarded for this. Some of the main ways found to serve the Crown was the armas (a kind of military service), the combat of foreign enemies or revolted Blacks and Indians, and the financing of military expeditions or battles. In seventeenth-century Pernambuco the fight against the mocambos of Palmares was seen as a great opportunity for those who desired to serve the Crown and thus require mercês (gifts) such as habits of Military Orders, tenças (regular payments), and military or civilian positions. This research was thought to bring contributions to the knowledge in colonial Brazil's military history, making use of the military expeditions sent to destroy the mocambos of Palmares between 1676 and 1679 as background. Through the analysis of some aspects of these expeditions, this research aims to reach a better understanding of the "serviço de armas" (a kind of military service) in Pernambuco and its finances and wages. It also desires to comprehend the effect of this kind of service in the relationship between the American vassals and the Portuguese Crown
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestra em História
Agoumara, Toussaint-Eugène. "Guerres et politique coloniale : le cas de l'Oubangui-Chari (1870-1956)." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20097.
Full textNow known as the Central African Republic, Ubangi-Chari was an integral part of the French colonial empire and entered the colonial wars from the very beginning of colonization. Like the other colonies, it entered word history by supporting France in war. Like the rest of the empire, this colony took part in an event which reached beyond its national borders and which linked it to the history of France. It participated in the war effort in two different ways, both militarily and economically by providing men and raw materials. The Ubangi-Chari infantry first carried out the different peace keeping; measures under the orders of the colonial forces, this participating in the conquest of their own colony. Secondly, during the First World War and operating mainly on the African continent, they helped to free Cameroun then under German supervision. During the Second World War, they were to be found in the middle-east (Syria, Lebanon) and in Libya (Bir-Hakeim). These battles took them to France where they actively participated in the liberation of enclaves taken over by the Germans on the Atlantic coast: the cities of Royan, La Rochelle and the Pointe de Grave. Finally, these units which were integrated in the French task forces in the Far East were involved in the Indochinese war: Lang-Son, Cao Bang, Nam Dinah and Dine Bien Phi. After this war, Ubangi-Chari troops were reorganized yet again by being involved in these tree conflicts, Ubangi-Chari soldiers acquired a strong military tradition, and because of this baptism of fire they were to form the base of the central African army after independence
Lesueur, Boris. "Les troupes coloniales sous l'Ancien Régime." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2041.
Full textThe first french colonial empire had appeared at the time of Colbert and had survived until the First Empire, despite 7 important wars. Since 1674 specialized troops were sent from the Navy to the colonies. A swiss regiment was added in 1719. The defence system was planned during Maurepas'time from the naval dockyard of Rochefort. The military collapsus which had occurred during the Seven Years war compelled Choiseul to give the responsibility at the Army. In 1772 the Navy recovered it by creating colonial infantry and artillery regiments. The system worked well during the war of American Independence. But the Revolution forced to adapt. New colonial demi-brigades in the West Indies succeeded in mixing white and coloured men, and slaves ; unlike the East Indies where the troops of the ancient times were maintained. At the end, The Consulate decided to remove of these adaptations of the colonial army
Mourre, Martin. "De Thiaroye on aperçoit l’île de Gorée : histoire, anthropologie et mémoire d’un massacre colonial au Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0099.
Full textBy connecting history and anthropology, this thesis analyses the representations of the Thiaroye massacre, a repression of the tirailleurs sénégalais, Western African conscripts of the French army, in the Thiaroye camp on the outskirts of Dakar that took place on December 1st, 1944. First, it aims at documenting the event that, sixty years after, remains a controversial issue among the historians. Secondly, this thesis aims at analysing both the past and current use of this tragedy in different periods of time-scales. As a consequence, it helps to read the path of the post-colonial senegalese nation through the use of historical referents. This work dealing with the history of Thiaroye massacre is based on more than sixty interviews, the analysis of the works of art representing the event, different kind of archives (colonial sources and press journals published since 1945 until today), and the ethnographic investigation (for instance among the college students). The representation of the December 1st 1944 is currently one of the paradigms of the colonial memory in Senegal. By trying to describe the use of the past during more than sixty years, it is possible to consider the links between the dominant memory – official as well as unofficial – or the specific forms of remembrance and the role of this past in the some identity dynamics
Aït-El-Djoudi, Dalila. "Image des combattants français vue par l'ALN : 1954-1962 : l'exemple de la wilaya III." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30051.
Full textThis work on fighters' memory of the algerian war underlines the reflexion (thought) of a restrocpective look from a french point of view and from the algerian perception of the conflict. We try to confront fighters of the “ ALN ” with the image they convey and with the perception they have of the french combatants. This approach allows to take in account the opinion, the judgment of the other side, the same judgement against witch the french combatant fought. The vision of the french combatants is as much a matter of strategy as a matter of the evolution of the conscience. It reveals a certain state of the mind but above all, it constitutes in times of fighting a privilegied means of propaganda. The representation of the enemy (opponent) is linked to the rejection of the colonial system. The feeling of otherness (alterity) is influenced by the political nature of war. This work of reconstruction whose recollection makes up on the privilegied contributions of this thesis, comprises a corpus of seventy-nine testimonies from veterans of the “ ALN ”, recorded in Algeria and more particulary in Kabylia (the old wilaya III) between 1999 and 2002
Labayle, Éric. "De la Revanche à la Libération : l'École des Élèves-aspirants de Cherchell-Médiouna (1942-1945)." Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30022.
Full textFrom december 1942 to june 1945, the most prominent school for warrant officers in the french army operated in the small town of Cherchell (Algeria). Five classes - more than five thousand young men coming from all social and geographical horizons of the French Empire - recieved crash instruction, meant to turn them into warrant officers (officer cadets and first lieutenants) fit to be used in combat. These men played an essential role in the reconstruction of the french army after november 8th 1942. For twenty years, they fought on all the theatres of war, from Italy to Algeria, and they occupied the highest functions in the military hierarchy. Those who opted for a civilian carrer after 1945 also reached the highest positions in their chosen fields. Some became ministers, others ambassadors, others again recieved Nobel prizes. Despite the importance of its heritage, the École des élèves-aspirants has never been the object of a historical study, unlike institutions of lesser importance, such as the École des cadets de la France libre. It was therefore deemed proper to give a comprehensive picture of it (location, catchment area, staff, instruction and logistics. . . ) and to illustrate its specificity
Olsson, Christian. ""Conquérir les coeurs et les esprits" ? : usages et enjeux de légitimation locale de la force dans les missions de pacification extérieures (Bosnie, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Irak ; 1996-2006)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0023.
Full textContemporary overseas military operations raise the question of how an “international” monopoly on legitimate violence can be imposed upon local societies. When looking at these operations, it is hence important to analyse the procedures through which the use of force is legitimized locally. This is what this dissertation tries to do. It draws on a theoretical perspective inspired by Foucault and historical sociology, thus allowing for a seldom explored sociological perspective on military practices. The aim, through the examination of the peace operations and counter-insurgency doctrines implemented by the US, the British and the French military in the Balkans, Afghanistan an Iraq, is to understand the implicit philosophies underlying the use of force as well as its legitimization in the eyes of the “local populations”. Be it through the argument of law, impartiality, the policing of crime or the engagement in “civic actions”, the legitimization procedures that are mobilised often draw their rationality from colonial history or from the constabulary practices that prevail inside of the modern state. The socio-historical conditions and temporalities that characterize overseas military operations are however different from those out of which the colonial and the modern state have emerged. It is hence also important to highlight the limits of the legitimization strategies that are resorted to
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Fageol, Pierre-Éric. "Le sentiment d'appartenance et de représentation nationale à La Réunion (1880-1950)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0021.
Full textThe feeling of national membership among the Reunionese population seems to be a regular fact in the colony history and has never been really questioned. This work confirms its strength in the period in study, and more particularly during the colonial and world conflicts. But it also shows that this support includes the conscience of a singular feeling, which is not only the consequence of geography, but also of history. This subject allows us to mix a social historical approach with a historical representation approach on a coherent colonial period, which goes from the beginning of the Third Republic up to the region establishment. By suggesting to « denationalise the national » through a study dealing with the identity principles in a colonial situation, we mean to focus on the particular acculturation processes in a colonial period and the interconnection of colonial territories (Mauritius, Madagascar) in defining a constructing feeling of membership. The first part deals with the feeling of membership in a colonial period and tries to analyse what is at stake in the research methods. The second part studies the links between colonialism and the feeling of national membership and focuses on Reunionese imperialism as a trigger to a recognition shared by the rest of the Nation. The third part takes into account the different signs of patriotism and their influence on the definition of what a feeling of national membership is about. Finally, the fourth part focuses on the triggers of national acculturation while taking into account the role of school, church, and the army in the building up of a typical Reunionese national membership feeling, shared by the elite which mainly benefited from the quest of a recognition from the Nation
Neviaski, Alexis. "Képi blanc, casque d’acier et chemise brune : une tentative subversive vue par les archives françaises." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040060.
Full textThe litigations between Germany and the French Foreign Legion started before the 1st World War. Despite this, the end of the war changed the situation. For one part, the two nations were no longer equal to each other, as Germany had lost the war, and was suffering from important internal problems. On the other hand ‘the old Legion had died in the trenches in the North of France’. Because of this, the Legion, as an institution, needed to rebuild itself. Unfortunately to do this, and to renew itself, it needed war- hardened troupes, which could only be recruited from their old enemy, Austria and Germany. This paradox, not only was the start of a rivality between the nations, to assure the recruitment, or its refusal, but also led to a spy system being formed between the two countries. In its term this led to a communication’s system being formed around social evolutions and the life surrounding the Legion. For the French Foreign Legion, the period between the two World Wars, is a passage from one war to another, and has no peaceful moments. It is a period where it questioned itself, adapted to subversive political elements, and which it became part of the rivality between growing colonial and political differences
Valensky, Chantal. "L'image et le rôle du soldat malgache engagé par l'Armée française de 1884 à 1920." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070038.
Full textGuyon, Anthony. "De l'indigène au soldat : les tirailleurs sénégalais de 1919 à 1940 : approche anthropologique et prosopographique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30036/document.
Full textFrom 1919 to 1940, The Senegalese Infantry Corps firmly established itself within the colonial army. Crowned by its relative success in World War I, the black army was subsequently considered a permanent army, tasked with fighting worldwide. After July 1919, recruitment relied on a draft lottery with the possibility of substitution.Detailed rules at the time were put in place to offer a means of placing soldiers from West African and Equatorial French colonies in France itself or in the Mediterranean basin. In this way, winter quarters and food supplies were given greater consideration.The African non-commissioned officer corps offered a training experience to further the careers of these men, considering their origins and their abilities as soldiers. Their training and their results on different tests also helped to better understand the expectations of the French Army General Staff and their respective divisions.In the end, the Senegalese Infantry Corps was assumed to be a stronger component of the French army. But in 1940, it became apparent that none of these efforts bore substancial reform and the black army suffered the same setbacks as the regular French army
Candelon-Boudet, Frédéric. "Commander au long cours depuis la Guyenne : les capitaines de navire bordelais au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30033.
Full textModern historians have good knowledge of the 18th century growth of Bordeaux harbour activity. But works about crew members are scarce while paradoxically such a study had already been led for the « Guyenne » capital as early as in the end of the Middle Ages. Ship commanders stand out from all other rather discreet socio-professional categories related to sailors for many reasons : first, because of the symbolical and legal dimension of their occupation which implies their responsibility whenever it comes to the transportation of men and goods ; secondly, because of their huge fields of expertise, like to be able to steer boats over long distance, to handle crews of dozens of members or to carry out commercial transactions ; last, but not least, because of the social mobility offered by their position. Highly documented in a rich archive collection kept and preserved in Bordeaux, captains have turned into key players of the maritime trade of the modern era. By frequently working and diverting themselves with traders and ship owners, they developed a trusting relationship with them. The question is to determine how this cooperation was shaped, and to know if trading or ship armament were possible career changes within the reach of captains, and if not, how they could integrate the urban elites at work under the « Ancien Régime ». When the colonial and slave trade ensured the Bordeaux harbour’s prosperity, it is the identity of the merchant navy ship commanders working from the capital of « Guyenne » that will be here studied, from the Regency to the French Revolution
Thomas, Daniel. "Family, ambition and service : the French nobility and the emergence of the standing army, c. 1598-1635." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1914.
Full textNguyen, Triet M. ""Little Consideration... to Preparing Vietnamese Forces for Counterinsurgency Warfare"? History, Organization, Training, and Combat Capability of the RVNAF, 1955-1963." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23126.
Full textBelomo, Essono Pélagie Chantal. "L'ordre et la sécurité publics dans la construction de l'Etat au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306419.
Full textABBIATI, MICHELE. "L'ESERCITO ITALIANO E LA CONQUISTA DELLA CATALOGNA (1808-1811).UNO STUDIO DI MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS NELL'EUROPA NAPOLEONICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/491761.
Full textThe Italian Army and the Conquest of Catalonia (1808-1811) A Study of Military Effectiveness in Napoleonic Europe Academic Fields and Disciplines SPS/03 – M-STO/02 The research has the purpose of reconstruct and evaluate the military effectiveness of the Italian Army existed under the reign of Napoleon I. Firstly through a statistic and strategic analysis of the development, and the following deployment, of the military institution of the Kingdom of Italy in the years of its existence (1805-14). Afterwards, a particularly significant case study was chosen, as the campaign of Catalonia (1808-11, in the context of the Peninsular War), in order to assess the operational and tactical contribution of the regiments sent by the Government of Milan and their integration in the overall military apparatus of the First Empire. The thesis wanted to respond to the lack of studies on the Italian army’s behavior in war and, at the same time, to introduce the methodology of the Military Effectiveness Studies (of British and American origin and, by now, enriched by a thirty-year old tradition) in the Italian historiography. The research is primarily based, besides the numerous memoirs of the Italian and French veterans, on the archive documentation of the Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Paris), of the French Ministère de la Guerre (Service historique de la Défence, of Vincennes, Paris) and of the Italian Ministero della Guerra (Archivio di Stato di Milano). About the results, it has been verified how the Italian army has become a flexible and suitable instrument for Bonaparte, albeit in a context of substantial overall numerical marginality in comparison to the heterogeneous forces available to the Empire and its others satellites and allied states. Regarding the campaign of Catalonia, instead, it was possible to ascertain the fundamental contribution of the Italian regiments, in an operational and tactical perspective, for the success of the invasion. This was primarily due to the excellent general characteristics shown by the expeditionary force, but also to disciplinary and organizational peculiarities that have made the Italian corps suitable for particularly aggressive operations.
Dehouck, Jacques. "Martin Bertrand, du Maroc à l’Indochine : microhistoire d’un « tirailleur métropolitain » (1943 -1951)." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23458.
Full textDeprived of his land inheritance like many youngest-born of peasant descent, Martin Bertrand (1915-2008) eventually fled life as a seminarian in the French High-Alps by enlisting in the Mobile Guard and then being stationed in Casablanca, Morocco in 1941. Following the Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, he was drafted in 1943 to lead a Moroccan colonial recruit unit. With “his” tirailleurs, he took part in the Italian campaign, the Provence landing, the liberation of Alsace, and the occupation of Germany. After the War, he returned to Morocco only to be deployed 3 years later with the same battalion to Tourane, Indochina where the French colonial administration attempted to retake control of the region. During each one of his long absences, Martin Bertrand wrote almost daily to his wife Hélène, descendent of Spanish settlers established in Algeria. By analyzing these letters, this master’s thesis proposes to integrate Martin Bertrand’s experiences, in his functions as a non-commissioned officer in a colonial regiment, into a broader imperial story where France led her armies through her last colonial wars and destabilized the colonial order under which each soldier was governed. Furthermore, this study compares Martin Bertrand’s private letters with more official sources like troop morale reports which allows for an analysis of the complex social and ethnic hierarchies between French non-commissioned officers and “indigenous” troops. At the same time, it explores the deeper questionings of a military intermediary’s self-identity.
Binenwa, Jean Bosco N. "Manipulation of ethnic identity during the colonial reform of administration (1926-1931) and conflict in Rwanda." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3181.
Full textThesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.