Relevant bibliographies by topics / - Armed man

Academic literature on the topic '- Armed man'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "- Armed man"

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Gibson, J. W. "Becoming The Armed Man." Public Culture 4, no. 1 (October 1, 1991): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-4-1-71.

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Jiang, Jin Gang, Ze Xu Tang, Peng Jie Li, Wen Hua Xu, Xue Fei Wang, Jian Tao Li, and Yun Feng Liu. "Structural Design of Assisted Washing-Hand Device for a One-Armed Man Using TRIZ Theory." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.675.

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Aiming to the difficulty of washing-hand for a one-armed man, functional requirements of washing-hand for a one-armed man is analyzed, and TRIZ theory is described in detail. A novel conceptual assisted washing-hand device for a one-armed man is put forward in this paper. Innovative problems of the assisted washing-hand device design were solved based on contradiction conflict matrix theory and material field theory of TRIZ. The whole three-dimensional model of assisted washing-hand device is built. TRIZ theory can provide the reference basis for structural design of assisted washing-hand device for a one-armed man.
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Thetenkov, Nikolai, and Mikhail Openkov. "Historical Understanding of Man-Made Civilization." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 7-2 (July 1, 2021): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202107statyi65.

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The intensive informatization of modern culture is due to certain reasons. It is a means of balancing those factors that pose a threat to human existence. With the help of widely implemented information technologies, society is trying to prevent global disasters that are the result of uncontrolled human activity. But even the intensive informatization of culture does not protect it from the destructive actions of modern man, “armed” with modern technical means and the latest technologies.
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Kessler, Raymond G., and Stephen P. Halbrook. "That Every Man Be Armed: The Evolution of a Constitutional Right." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 77, no. 1 (1986): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143603.

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Calvo, Thomas, Emmanuelle Lavallée, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud. "Fear Not For Man? Armed conflict and social capital in Mali." Journal of Comparative Economics 48, no. 2 (June 2020): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.11.005.

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Pyrykov, Oleksiy V., Sergiy M. Chumachenko, and Yevhenii O. Yakovliev. "Geoinformation system approach to the analysis of the impact of armed conflicts on the ecological condition of the environment." Environmental safety and natural resources 41, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.1.5-17.

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The article considers the experience of solving problems in assessing the impact of armed conflict on the environment. An analysis of international approaches implemented in the framework of relevant UN resolutions to prevent critical changes in environmental parameters caused by direct and indirect effects of armed conflict. The analysis showed that in the conditions of the armed conflict on the territory of Donbass unbalanced military natural-technogenic geosystem MNTGS was formed, which is characterized by destruction and pollution of soils, deterioration of biodiversity, destruction of potentially dangerous objects due to fires and active hostilities. In addition, the decommissioning and flooding of a large number of coal mines increases the environmental and man-made impact of MNTGS on the natural environment and safety of life. Taking into account the above, the article presents the main results of the development of a generalized model for assessing the impact of factors of armed conflict on all components of the environment. Suggested to intensify environmental monitoring of the areas of the armed conflict and increase its information content through the use of GIS, remote sensing and mathematical modeling technologies; organize measures to increase the resilience and accelerate the restoration of critical infrastructure networks in Donbass; to begin research of the newest ecological-technogenic and ecological-resource factors of military-technogenic threats in Europe's largest man-made coal region.
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Hendree, Paula K., and Sandra D. Nicks. "Perceptions of Violent Crimes in Relation to Sex of Perpetrator." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 2 (April 2000): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.485.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between criminal behavior and perceived sex of the perpetrator. Participants (26 men and 44 women) reviewed scenarios depicting an armed robbery and a child's murder. 98% of the respondents attributed the armed robbery to a man, whereas an equal number attributed the child's murder to both a man and a woman. The respondents also ascribed the man's behavior to internal characteristics, whereas the woman's criminal behavior was attributed to external situations or to mental illness. These findings are in accord with current sex stereotypes.
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Tsiorupa, Mikhailo. "HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN THE AREA OF ARMED CONFLICTS: HOPE OF A MAN, “WHO SUFFERS EXCESSIVELLY”." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 29 (2021): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.29.27.

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The title of the article includes the abstract of Albert Camus‘s sad reflections on the relevant for nowadays programmatic work‖ The plague‖ concerning the uselessness of mankind‘s multiple efforts to solve socalled «eternal problems»: disasters of lethal illnesses, social evil of dictatorships and wars. We attribute the problem of extreme sufferings in the times of warfare conflict to the list. It was not for nothing, as doctor Rieux stated, Camus did not answer the question about what a person who extremely suffers should expect and left the future generation to address the problem. Philosophy, according to the ancient authors, starts with reflections on sufferings, although the European tradition, as the French Researcher E. Roudinesco points out in her work «Philosophy in turbulent times» starts with rather late turning to hardships. That influenced to fact that the problem of armed conflicts humanization was mainly solved on the political and legal level along with Geneva conventions in 1949, while the texts of P. Kurtz‘s Humanitarian manifests did not refer to the state of humanitarian crises in warfare armed conflicts. The spreading of armed conflicts in nearly all parts of the world with no regard to pandemics and climate crises is causing more and more severe sufferings the thoughts of which an ordinary person hides in the «remote part» of their mind while mass media focus on battlefield actions and interesting events at negotiating tables. Armed conflicts are involving bigger and bigger percentage of civil people (over 90% now) including about 400 million children who suffer extremely from harassment of human nature unseen before. «We are not treated as humans», mentioned grievously a Tigrayan woman from Ethiopian region where an armed suppression of separatist movement is taking place. We believe that the pivotal issue of relieving inevitable sufferings must include cherishing humanity in individuals rather than material humanitarian assistance in spite of its importance and being measured in tons of food. It is also essential to focus on ideological, philosophical, and moral principles of humanitarian movements‘ activities, as well as on humanitarian techniques and examples of «Righteous among the Nations» characters in order to avoid transition from humanitarian crises to disasters. The concept of the suggested solution of the problem implies resorting to the necessity of adhering to fundamental policies of preventing the transition from humanitarian crises to disasters. They are moral and legal and ideological and not merely military and political which aim at regulation by official means. A humanitarian crisis involves a turning point in lives of all those people who are located in the armed conflict area with children, women and elderly being the least protected of all, when their lives are on the verge of physical and moral survival. A humanitarian disaster will lead to irreversible degree of suffering for tens of thousands or even millions of people. The directly involved in war are protected (if it is possible to say so) by the law of war, combat morality and are prepared for suffering as a whole. Unless people lost their humanity potential ant humane attitude to everyone, the term «adamiiat» introduced by the Arabic poet Saadi should be implemented in the material humanitarian and spiritual spheres.
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Palczewska, Milena. "Environmental Impact of Wars and Armed Conflicts." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2022-0015.

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Abstract The article presents the consequences of wars for the natural environment. Research and experience with more and more modern combat equipment are always associated with losses incurred by nature. Subsequent armed conflicts cause that new substances, dangerous for nature and man, enter the ecosystem. Warfare not only destroys the environment, but also frustrates and prevents any action to protect it. After some time, the conflicts that begin are resolved, and the restoration of degraded environments is very difficult, and often even impossible. Wars not only kill soldiers and civilians with weapons, but also put lives at risk by destroying natural resources, impoverishing land and making it impossible to use them for agricultural purposes.
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Haque, Md Anwarul, Ashiqur Rahman, and Mst Ralifa Akter. "Estimation of Lost Man Days among the Viral Hepatitis Patients Attended at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 18, no. 1 (October 16, 2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v18i1.61254.

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Introduction: Viral hepatitis can cause a range of health problems and can be fatal. It is also prevalent in Bangladesh Armed Forces personnel and causing significant number of loss of man days. Objective: To assess the total loss of man days due to viral hepatitis of army personnel admitted/treated in hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka among military persons. Total 103 hepatitis patients were selected by simple random sampling from June to November 2014. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed by using ‘Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version -19. Results: The age range was between 20 to 43 years and mean age was 33.2 ± 5.8 years. Most of them suffered from hepatitis B (68.9%). Considering the rank structure, majority (51.4%)were Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and stayed in sainik line (46.6%). Due to reporting at Out Patient Department (OPD), 76.7% got 1-7 days sick rest and 73.8% have lost 1-7 man-days. Mean total man days lost was 55 ± 36 days. Mean admission days at hospital were 17 ± 13.7 days and the highest percentage was NCO (47.1%) followed by Sainik (39.7%). Total admission days of Sainik was not significantly association with admission days of NCO. But significant association was found within losing total man days between these two groups (χ2 = 4.88, p < .05). Conclusion: The results confirm the significant loss of man days due to viral hepatitis infection in Armed Forces Personnel which should be considered as a public health problem. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 1 (June) 2022: 30-33
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "- Armed man"

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Mikkelsen, Båge Else, and Clara Dahlgren. "“Må bäste man vara kvinna” : En studie av Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetsarbete och kommunikation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413986.

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The Swedish Armed Forces is Sweden’s second to largest government agency, employing more than 20 000 people. Today, only a fifth of the personnel is female. This, even though women have had full access to the organisation since 1989, and the basic military training has been gender neutral since 2010. The Swedish Armed Forces is aiming to achieve equality by recruiting more women, but they have not been successful in their pursuit.   With a theoretical background in Moss Kanter’s and Hirdman’s feminist theories, as well as critical discourse analysis, control documents were analysed using Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. We chose three campaign images intending specifically to recruit young women to the Swedish Armed Forces. By pursuing focus group interviews with young women eligible for basic military training, focusing on the campaign images, we found that physical and biological differences between men and women are very potent in the young women’s perception of the Swedish Armed Forces and their campaigns. Focus group interviews were analysed using content analysis.   Based on the completed analyses, we could derive that the Swedish Armed Forces is constructing two different types of equality: quantitative and qualitative. The definition of the two differs extensively. Quantitative equality is more detailed, giving it a central and more prioritised position in the agency. The vague concept of qualitative equality is also considered in the focus group discussions, where the young women favor clarity and directness.
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Eriksson, Lisa. ""Tjejer går inte i skogen och krigar – Klart man kan det" - En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors upplevelser och villkor under grundläggande militär utbildning i Sverige." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-59008.

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For a long time the military arena has been a context that is male-dominated and which even has been described as the arena that produces ideal forms of masculinity. This study examines the conditions for the women who choose to join the male-dominated military arena. The purpose of the study was to provide knowledge about womens experiences from basic military education in Sweden through a gender perspective. And more specifically, give insight into how women who completed education relate to expectations associated with being women and expectations associated with the role of the soldier. Central questions were created and these concerned how women perceived the role of the soldier, the extent to which they perceived gender segregation practices and the strategies used by women to deal with the male-dominated education and its possible gender segregation processes. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women who had complete basic military education in Sweden. A theoretical framework was created that contained theories about gender, gender power systems, women's strategies in male dominated professions, gender segregation processes, gender regimes and hegemonic masculinity. Previous research on women's conditions and experiences in the military indicates that women face opposition and exclusion, while women's presence at the same time has challenged discourses about femininity and the normative soldier. The results from the studie pointed out that the women perceived the military arena as a place where they were given the opportunity to do gender in new ways, while highlighting different problem areas during the education. These included that women were not expected to perform in the same degree as men and that the commanders had little understanding of specific female needs or questions.
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Calvo, Thomas. "Governance, Peace and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa : Microeconomic interaction and impacts Fear of the state in governance surveys? Empirical evidence from African countries Fear Not For Man? Armed conflict and social capital in Mali." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLD009.

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Cette thèse en micro-économie du développement s'articule autour de l'objectif de développement durable numéro 16 visant à «promouvoir l'avènement de sociétés pacifiques et inclusives aux fins du développement durable, assurer l'accès de tous à la justice et mettre en place, à tous les niveaux, des institutions efficaces, responsables et ouvertes à tous ». Elle propose d'étudier, à partir de données d'enquêtes originales et de première main, les interactions et les effets de la Gouvernance, la Paix et la Sécurité pour les ménages et les entreprises des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Ce projet s'articule autour de deux axes de recherche. Le premier, transversal et méthodologique, interroge la fiabilité des données utilisées. En effet, ces données portent, d'une part, sur des sujets sensibles (respect des droits fondamentaux, démocratie, corruption…) et d'autre part, elles ont été recueillies par des opérateurs publics : les instituts nationaux de la statistique. Les résultats de ce premier chapitre montrent que les instituts publics sont totalement légitimes pour collecter des données de gouvernance : aucun biais de réponse systématique en faveur (ou en défaveur) des pouvoirs publics n'existe quand les enquêtés sont interrogés par des agents d'organisation publique. Le second axe étudie les conséquences micro-économiques de la violence au travers de deux études de cas. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur la violence d'ordre politique et ses effets sur le capital social au Mali depuis le début du conflit en 2012. L'exposition aux violences renforce les liens forts, exclusifs entre individus d'une même communauté, aux détriments des liens inter-groupe dits faibles, inclusifs qui déterminent le développement économique et social individuel et local. Ce repli sur soi est probablement un facteur de l'enracinement des tensions inter-ethniques qui ont explosé après 2016. Enfin, le dernier chapitre analyse les effets de la violence criminelle sur le marché du travail informel à Madagascar. Alors que les victimes de criminalité ajustent relativement peu les conditions de leur travail, la peur de la violence criminelle, largement partagée dans la société malgache, impacte négativement la productivité des ménages agricoles. Ces derniers adoptent des comportements plus risqués sur le marché du travail. Cette inquiétude a deseffets sur les plus jeunes dont le temps de travail augmente
This dissertation in applied development microeconomics centres on Sustainable Development Goal 16 which “promote[s] just, peaceful and inclusive societies”. This work aims at studying the interactions and effects of Governance, Peace and Security through the analysis of first-hand and high-quality household survey data in SubSaharan Africa. It is built around two lines of research. The first line of research is cross-cutting and methodological: it questions the reliability of the data used. Indeed, public organisations, namely National Statistics Offices, administer the surveys and collect information of sensitive nature (dealing with respect of fundamental rights, democracy, corruption among other things). Results show no systematic self-censorship or attenuation bias from adults surveyed by NSOs compared with adults surveyed by independent organisations. We provide evidence of the capacity and legitimacy of government-related organisations to collect data on governance, at much higher levels of precision than other existing data sources. The second line of research focuses on the impacts of violence in two African countries. On the one hand, we study the impacts of political violence on social capital since 2012 in the case of the Malian conflict. The increased association participation in areas exposed to violent events cannot be considered as positive. Indeed, it is observed solely for family and political associations, which are comparatively inward-looking and act as interest groups. We interpret this finding as a form of withdrawal behind group or community boundaries which may exacerbate ethnic divisions and deepen the conflict. On the other hand, I study how workers of the informal labour market cope with criminal violence in Madagascar. Although victims of criminality seem not to adopt different behaviours on the labour market, the fear of crime impact productivity negatively, particularly in the agricultural sector. Fearful workers become more vulnerable to shock occurrence. Adults’ fear of criminal violence also channels to under 15 household members whose participation on the labour market increases
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Mundey, Lisa M. "Images of the Armed Forces in American popular culture, 1945-1970 /." Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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DiPaolo, Amanda. "The separation of powers : a framework for guiding judicial decision making when the executive limits individual liberties during armed hostilities." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Koslowski, Alexander. "In Morpheus' Armen : Der Traum im Werk Thomas Manns = In the arms of Morpheus : dreams and the works of Thomas Mann." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425719.

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Boldrini, Stefano. "Cognitive radio for coexistence of heterogeneous wireless networks." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0012/document.

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Dans un scénario avec plusieurs réseaux sans fil de différentes technologies, ce travail a comme objectif la conception d'un moteur cognitif capable de reconnaitre l'environnement radio et de sélectionner un réseau avec le but final de maximiser la "qualité d'expérience" (QoE) de l'utilisateur. Un accent particulier est mis sur la simplicité de tous les éléments impliqués, du hardware aux algorithmes, afin de garder la faisabilité pratique de ce dispositif.Deux aspects ont été étudiés. Pour la reconnaissance de l'environnement radio une identification de réseau et une classification automatique sur la base de caractéristiques de la couche MAC a été proposée et testée. En ce qui concerne la sélection du réseau, des "Key Performance Indicators" (KPIs), qui sont des paramètres de la couche application, ont étés pris en compte afin d'obtenir la QoE désirée. Un modèle général pour la sélection du réseau a été proposé et testé avec de différents types de trafic par des simulations et par la réalisation d'un démonstrateur (application pour Android). De plus, comme il y a le problème de quand mesurer pour estimer la performance d'un réseau et quand l'utiliser effectivement pour transmettre et recevoir, le problème du bandit manchot ("Multi-armed bandit", MAB) a été appliqué à ce contexte et un nouveau modèle de MAB a été proposé afin de mieux répondre aux cas réels considérés. L'impact du nouveau modèle, qui introduit la distinction de deux actions différentes, mesurer et utiliser, a été testé par des simulations en utilisant des algorithmes déjà disponibles dans la littérature et deux algorithmes conçus spécifiquement
In a scenario where multiple wireless networks of different technologies are available, this work addresses the problem of the design of a cognitive engine, core of a cognitive radio device, able to perform the surrounding radio environment recognition and the network selection with the final goal of maximization of final user Quality of Experience (QoE). Particular focus is put on the requirement of simplicity of all the elements involved, from hardware to algorithms, in order to keep in mind the importance of its practical realizability.Two aspects were investigated. For the surrounding radio environment recognition step, a network identification and automatic classification method based on MAC layer features was proposed and tested. As regards the network selection, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), i.e. application layer parameters, were considered in order to obtain the desired goal of QoE. A general model for network selection was proposed and tested for different traffic types, both with simulations and a practical realization of a demonstrator (implemented as an application for Android OS). Moreover, as a consequence of the originated problem of when measuring to estimate a network performance and when effectively using the network for data transmission and reception purposes, the multi-armed bandit problem (MAB) was applied to this context and a new MAB model was proposed, in order to better fit the considered real cases scenarios. The impact of the new model, that introduces the distinction of two different actions, to measure and to use, was tested through simulations using algorithms already available in literature and two specifically designed algorithms
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Besson, Lilian. "Multi-Players Bandit Algorithms for Internet of Things Networks." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CSUP0005.

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Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous étudions les réseaux sans fil et les appareils reconfigurables qui peuvent accéder à des réseaux de type radio intelligente, dans des bandes non licenciées et sans supervision centrale. Nous considérons notamment des réseaux actuels ou futurs de l’Internet des Objets (IoT), avec l’objectif d’augmenter la durée de vie de la batterie des appareils, en les équipant d’algorithmes d’apprentissage machine peu coûteux mais efficaces, qui leur permettent d’améliorer automatiquement l’efficacité de leurs communications sans fil. Nous proposons deux modèles de réseaux IoT, et nous montrons empiriquement, par des simulations numériques et une validation expérimentale réaliste, le gain que peuvent apporter nos méthodes, qui se reposent sur l’apprentissage par renforcement. Les différents problèmes d’accès au réseau sont modélisés avec des Bandits Multi-Bras (MAB), mais l’analyse de la convergence d’un grand nombre d’appareils jouant à un jeu collaboratif sans communication ni aucune coordination reste délicate, lorsque les appareils suivent tous un modèle d’activation aléatoire. Le reste de ce manuscrit étudie donc deux modèles restreints, d’abord des banditsmulti-joueurs dans des problèmes stationnaires, puis des bandits mono-joueur non stationnaires. Nous détaillons également une autre contribution, la bibliothèque Python open-source SMPyBandits, qui permet des simulations numériques de problèmes MAB, qui couvre les modèles étudiés et d’autres
In this PhD thesis, we study wireless networks and reconfigurable end-devices that can access Cognitive Radio networks, in unlicensed bands and without central control. We focus on Internet of Things networks (IoT), with the objective of extending the devices’ battery life, by equipping them with low-cost but efficient machine learning algorithms, in order to let them automatically improve the efficiency of their wireless communications. We propose different models of IoT networks, and we show empirically on both numerical simulations and real-world validation the possible gain of our methods, that use Reinforcement Learning. The different network access problems are modeled as Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB), but we found that analyzing the realistic models was intractable, because proving the convergence of many IoT devices playing a collaborative game, without communication nor coordination is hard, when they all follow random activation patterns. The rest of this manuscript thus studies two restricted models, first multi-players bandits in stationary problems, then non-stationary single-player bandits. We also detail another contribution, SMPyBandits, our open-source Python library for numerical MAB simulations, that covers all the studied models and more
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Rodrigues, Flávio Luís. "Marinheiros contra a ditadura brasileira: AMFNB, prisão, guerrilha - nacionalismo e revolução?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-08052017-094643/.

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Nas páginas desta Tese, procuramos entender o surgimento e a trajetória de um grupo de ex-marinheiros, que participou da diretoria da Associação dos Marinheiros e Fuzileiros Navais do Brasil, AMFNB, entre maio de 1963 e o Golpe de 1964. Suas origens remontam à crise de 1961, quando os ministros militares brasileiros tentaram impedir a posse do vice-presidente João Goulart, após a renúncia de Jânio Quadros. Esse grupo, que denominamos Coletivo, inseriu-se no movimento mais amplo dos militares subalternos das Forças Armadas, que teve seu auge na chamada Revolta dos Sargentos de setembro de 1963. A partir do Golpe de 1964, o Coletivo entrou nas organizações guerrilheiras, passando por uma transição de nacionalistas a revolucionários. Os membros desse Coletivo, algumas vezes, estiveram dispersos, mas voltavam sempre a se reunir como se estivessem ligados a um compromisso surgido nos tempos da AMFNB. O grupo foi preso e encaminhado para a Penitenciária Professor Lemos Brito. Nesse lugar, ocupando pontos estratégicos na Administração Penitenciária, pode executar atividades que melhoraram a vida dos presos comuns, bem como de preparar sua fuga da prisão. Para a execução do plano de fuga, denominado Operação Liberdade, criou-se uma organização guerrilheira clandestina, com o sugestivo nome MAR Movimento de Ação Revolucionária (a sigla se confundia com o substantivo mar), envolvendo várias pessoas de fora da Penitenciária. Sua fuga da prisão não significou afastamento da política. Ingressaram novamente na guerrilha no combate à ditadura civil-militar. Alguns de seus membros foram presos novamente, outros saíram do país e seu líder, Marcos Antônio da Silva Lima, foi morto numa emboscada da polícia, quando militava no PCBR. O caminho percorrido pelo Coletivo, após o Golpe, permite compreender as estratégias e a ideia que tinham as organizações guerrilheiras de revolução. Realizando as entrevistas com membros desse Coletivo, conseguimos acesso a suas avaliações sobre as organizações guerrilheiras pelas quais passaram e sobre aquela jornada histórica.
This thesis tries to understand the emergence and trajectory of a ex-sailors group who attended the board of the Association of Sailors and Marines of Brazil (Associação dos Marinheiros e Fuzileiros Navais do Brasil, AMFNB) from May 1963 to the coup of 1964. Its origins date back to the 1961 crisis, when Brazilian military ministers tried to prevent the vice-president João Goulart possession, after the resign of president Janio Quadros. This group, which we call Collective, was part of the broader movement of the subaltern Armed Forces personnel, which had its heyday in the named Revolt of the Sergeants September 1963. From the 1964 coup, the Collective entered guerrilla organizations, through a transition from the nationalist to revolutionaries. The members of this Collective sometimes been dispersed, but they always returned to meet as if they were connected to a compromise emerged in AMFNB times. The group was arrested and taken to the Penitentiary Teacher Lemos Brito. There, occupying strategic points in Prison Administration, it could perform activities that improved the lives of ordinary prisoners, and to prepare his escape from prison. They created for the implementation of the escape plan, called Freedom Operation, a clandestine guerilla organization, with the suggestive name MAR - Revolutionary Action Movement (the acronym was confused with the noun SEA), involving several people outside the penitentiary. Their prison break did not mean retirement from politics. Once again joined the guerrillas in fighting Brazilian civil-military dictatorship. Some of its members were arrested again, others left the country and its leader, Marcos Antonio da Silva Lima, was killed in a police ambush, when militated in PCBR. The path taken by the Collective after the coup allows us to understand the strategies and the concept of revolution which guerrilla organizations had. We got access to their reviews of the guerrilla organizations through which passed and on that historic journey conducting interviews with members of the Collective.
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Pesqueur, Michel. "L’emploi des blindés français sur le front occidental d’août 1944 à mai 1945." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0287/document.

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Le but de cette thèse est d’analyser l’emploi des blindés dans globalité et jusqu’aux plus petits échelons (pelotons, équipages) c’est-à-dire à hauteur d’hommes (slogan devenu à la mode depuis). En effet beaucoup d’écrits et d’études précédents restent souvent au niveau tactique voire stratégique. Il s’agit également d’étudier les éventuelles différences entre la théorie doctrinale et son application sur le terrain, voir si l’emploi des blindés variait en fonction des acteurs et si oui pourquoi. Cette étude se veut globale, elle prend en compte, les hommes (donc leur formation, leur origine, leur passé), la doctrine et le matériel car l’emploi au combat est la réunion de tous ces facteurs. Les recherches montrent que les trois GU blindées françaises n’étaient pas employées de la même façon, la raison principale résidant dans les conceptions d’emploi des chefs. Les unités blindées françaises étaient composées d’hommes au passé et au parcours différents. Des Gaullistes historiques au jeune engagé d’aout 1944 en passant par les rappelés de l’armée d’Afrique. Tous se retrouvèrent dans les tourelles avec un même but libérer le pays. Elles-mêmes avaient des origines diverses. Certaines n’avaient cessé de combattre, d’autres étaient restées en Afrique du nord ou en Afrique occidentale jusqu’au débarquement allié de novembre 1942. Mais toutes montrèrent un haut niveau de maîtrise tactique et de professionnalisme Leur équipement et leur organisation étaient homogènes car d’origine américain. Leur concept d’emploi était celui dicté par les FM qu’elles adaptèrent à leur main pour combattre à la Française et parfois marquer leur différence par rapport aux alliés. Une fois engagées, elles tinrent toute leur place aux côtés des unités alliés, prouvant leur valeur et marquant ainsi la renaissance de l’armée française. Cette unicité d’organisation, de doctrine et d’équipement masque cependant des différences dans l’emploi. Elles furent tributaires des grandes unités auxquelles elles étaient rattachées et de leur chef. L’emploi des unités blindées dépendait en grande partie des hommes. Des chefs d’abord dont tous n’avaient pas les mêmes conceptions d’emploi des unités blindées ce qui se traduisit par des frustrations et des conflits en particulier entre les généraux Leclerc et de Lattre. Mais également des équipages qui firent preuve d’un état d’esprit remarquable mais particulier et de beaucoup d’abnégation
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the use of armored vehicles globally and up to the smallest levels (platoons, crews), that is to say at the level of men (slogan that has become fashionable ever since). Indeed, many previous writings and studies often remain at the tactical or strategic level. It is also a question of studying the possible differences between the doctrinal theory and its application in the field, to see if the use of armored vehicles varied according to the actors and if so why. This study is intended to be comprehensive, it takes into account, men (thus their training, their origin, their past), doctrine and equipment because employment in combat is the meeting of all these factors. Research shows that the three French armored GUs were not employed in the same way, the main reason residing in the chiefs' conceptions of employment. French armored units were made up of men with different backgrounds and backgrounds. From the historical Gaullists to the young worker of August 1944, passing by the recalled African army. All found themselves in the turrets with the same goal to liberate the country. They themselves had various origins. Some had continued to fight, others had remained in North Africa or West Africa until the Allied landings of November 1942. But all showed a high level of tactical mastery and professionalism. Their equipment and organization were homogeneous because of American origin. Their concept of employment was that dictated by the FM that they adapted to their hand to fight the French and sometimes mark their difference compared to the allies. Once engaged, they held their place alongside the allied units, proving their value and thus marking the rebirth of the French army. This uniqueness of organization, doctrine and equipment, however, masks differences in employment. They were tributaries of the great units to which they were attached and of their leader. The use of armored units depended largely on men. Chiefs first, all of whom did not have the same conceptions of the use of armored units, which resulted in frustrations and conflicts in particular between Generals Leclerc and de Lattre. But also crews who showed a remarkable state of mind but particular and a lot of self-sacrifice
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Books on the topic "- Armed man"

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Armed and famous. Don Mills, Ont: Harlequin, 2014.

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Jolly, Ruth A. Military man, family man: Crown property? London: Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1987.

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Military man, family man: Crown property? 2nd ed. London: Brassey's, 1992.

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Laysa lil-admīrāl man yukātibuh: Mudhakkirāt ḍābiṭ Saʻūdī. Jiddah: Dār al-Rawnah lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2010.

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The mighty US forces versus a little man. New York: Vantage Press, 1999.

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Eat your weakest man: Inside the Canadian Airborne Regiment. Calgary: Bunker to Bunker Pub., 2000.

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Bhagwani, Ernesto T. General Alexander B. Yano: The man who dared to dream. [Manila]: Alexander B. Yano and Ernie T. Bhagwani, 2009.

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Jenkins, Karl. The armed man: A mass for peace : complete vocal score : SATB and piano. London: Boosey & Hawkes, 2003.

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Gary, Ombler, Dixon Roger, and Collins Tim 1960-, eds. Soldier: A visual history of the fighting man. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2007.

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Xiao ling wei ying fang man hua. Nanjing Shi: Dong nan da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "- Armed man"

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Gentile, Marco. "In Search of the Italian “Common Man.”." In Armed Memory, 83–118. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666550973.83.

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Chen, Min, Huifang Wang, Zhengbu Liu, Xiang Gao, Xin Wang, and Ming Kong. "Study on Training of 400-m Armed Island-Landing Obstacles." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 867–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6978-4_99.

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Mu, Shuai, Ming Kong, Huifang Wang, and Hai Chang. "Study on 5-km Armed Cross-Country Training in the Plateau Hypoxic Environment." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 417–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2481-9_48.

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Yuill, Kevin. "From virtuous armed citizen to “cramped little risk-fearing man”." In The Second Amendment and Gun Control, 83–97. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York: Routledge, 2017. | Series: Controversies in American constitutional law: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315201887-7.

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Kong, Ming, Shuai Mu, Zhibing Pang, Min Chen, Honglei Li, and Hongyan Ou. "Research of Five Kilometers Armed Off-Road Training Methods." In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 519–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38968-9_59.

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Mu, Shuai, Zhibing Pang, Honglei Li, Ming Kong, Haitao Zhao, and Min Chen. "Research of Five-Kilometer Armed Off-Road Training Teaching Experiment." In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 275–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38968-9_31.

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Barker, Simon. "The Double-Armed Man: Images of the Medieval in Early Modern Military Idealism." In From Medieval to Medievalism, 101–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22233-9_8.

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Li, Honglei, Zhibing Pang, Meng Kang, Xiaogao Wang, Shuai Mu, Miaofei Chen, Haitao Zhao, Hongyan Ou, Ming Kong, and Min Chen. "Experimental Study on 5-km Armed Cross-Country Based on Heart Rate Data Analysis." In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 113–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44067-4_14.

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Chen, Min, Shuai Mu, Zhibing Pang, Haitao Zhao, Hongyan Ou, and Honglei Li. "Comparative Analysis on the Performance of Different Students in Five Kilometers Armed Off-road Running." In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 421–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38968-9_48.

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Schmitt, Daniela. "Arme Kinder stärken." In Wie man ein Kind stärken kann, 269–78. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666701344.269.

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Conference papers on the topic "- Armed man"

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Dyachkov, V. "ON THE IMMEDIATE AND REMOTE CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEASANT ANTI-STATE ARMED PROTEST." In Man and Nature. Socio-natural interaction in the world-historical process. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1956.s-n_history_2020_43/130-146.

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Roh, Dong-Hyun, and Tae-Eog Lee. "Analysis and control of wafer delays in a dual-armed cluster tool for a K-cyclic schedule." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844277.

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Smaili, Ahmad. "Design for Cultural Difference." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/edc-34381.

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Design, the cross-fertilization of science and art, is a basic function of all species that occupy a masterfully orchestrated and designed ecosystem in which man is but one. On the other hand, culture with its complex mix is the expression of what a group of people creates — arts, beliefs customs, institutions, products and thought — at a particular time within the context of the natural environment. Design and culture therefore are intimately linked and undoubtedly influence each other. This suggests that designers, with their problem solving skills and keen interest to preserve nature and advance quality of life are capable of reshaping culture in a positive way. This paper is not intended to provide specific answers on how to achieve that, but it highlights some aspects of the design-culture interface and asserts that designers, armed with good will and respect for all have under their disposal a strong force by which they can help fashion a peaceful world. The paper also addresses possible things designers can do to influence that objective.
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Thanh, Le Tien, Le Van Cuong, Ta Bao Thang, and Huynh Thi Thanh Binh. "Multi-Armed Bandits for Many-Task Evolutionary Optimization." In 2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504691.

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Dutta, Hrishikesh, Amit Kumar Bhuyan, and Subir Biswas. "Wireless MAC Slot Allocation Using Distributed Multi-Armed Bandit Learning and Slot Defragmentation." In 2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9825067.

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Whyte, Stephen. "To boldly go where many have been before ‐armed with DHI's and PSDM." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1816118.

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Pracht, René. "Inter Laboratory Comparison (ILC) - 10 dB attenuator standard." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.46.

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NATO Military forces are in constant need for standardization of material and logistic behavior in order to improve their interoperability. Calibration as part of the logistic management of test and measurement equipment contains the opportunity to perform a comparison of the capabilities and the degree of equivalence between many international participant laboratories based on the same technical needs but not necessarily the same technical equipment. Starting in 2012 the Calibration Organization of the German Armed Forces organized an ILC with an 10 dB attenuator standard. German Armed Forces Calibration Center analyzed the data and prepared a final report.
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Barman, Siddharth, Ramakrishnan Krishnamurthy, and Saladi Rahul. "Optimal Algorithms for Range Searching over Multi-Armed Bandits." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/300.

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This paper studies a multi-armed bandit (MAB) version of the range-searching problem. In its basic form, range searching considers as input a set of points (on the real line) and a collection of (real) intervals. Here, with each specified point, we have an associated weight, and the problem objective is to find a maximum-weight point within every given interval. The current work addresses range searching with stochastic weights: each point corresponds to an arm (that admits sample access) and the point's weight is the (unknown) mean of the underlying distribution. In this MAB setup, we develop sample-efficient algorithms that find, with high probability, near-optimal arms within the given intervals, i.e., we obtain PAC (probably approximately correct) guarantees. We also provide an algorithm for a generalization wherein the weight of each point is a multi-dimensional vector. The sample complexities of our algorithms depend, in particular, on the size of the {optimal hitting set} of the given intervals. Finally, we establish lower bounds proving that the obtained sample complexities are essentially tight. Our results highlight the significance of geometric constructs (specifically, hitting sets) in our MAB setting.
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Romano, Giulia, Andrea Agostini, Francesco Trovò, Nicola Gatti, and Marcello Restelli. "Multi-Armed Bandit Problem with Temporally-Partitioned Rewards: When Partial Feedback Counts." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/472.

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There is a rising interest in industrial online applications where data becomes available sequentially. Inspired by the recommendation of playlists to users where their preferences can be collected during the listening of the entire playlist, we study a novel bandit setting, namely Multi-Armed Bandit with Temporally-Partitioned Rewards (TP-MAB), in which the stochastic reward associated with the pull of an arm is partitioned over a finite number of consecutive rounds following the pull. This setting, unexplored so far to the best of our knowledge, is a natural extension of delayed-feedback bandits to the case in which rewards may be dilated over a finite-time span after the pull instead of being fully disclosed in a single, potentially delayed round. We provide two algorithms to address TP-MAB problems, namely, TP-UCB-FR and TP-UCB-EW, which exploit the partial information disclosed by the reward collected over time. We show that our algorithms provide better asymptotical regret upper bounds than delayed-feedback bandit algorithms when a property characterizing a broad set of reward structures of practical interest, namely α-smoothness, holds. We also empirically evaluate their performance across a wide range of settings, both synthetically generated and from a real-world media recommendation problem.
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Goncalves, Richard, Carolina Almeida, Riccardo Luders, and Myriam Delgado. "A New Hyper-Heuristic Based on a Contextual Multi-Armed Bandit for Many-Objective Optimization." In 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2018.8477930.

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Reports on the topic "- Armed man"

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Avis, William. Armed Group Transition from Rebel to Government. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.125.

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Governments and political parties with an armed history are not unusual, yet how these groups function during and after the transition from conflict has largely been ignored by the existing literature. Many former armed groups have assumed power in a variety of contexts. Whilst this process is often associated with brokered peace agreements that encourage former combatants to transform into political parties, mobilise voters, and ultimately stand for elections, this is not always the case. What is less clearly understood is how war termination by insurgent victory shapes patterns of post-war politics. This rapid literature review collates available evidence of transitions made by armed groups to government. The literature collated presents a mixed picture, with transitions mediated by an array of contextual factors that are location and group specific. Case studies are drawn from a range of contexts where armed groups have assumed some influence over government (these include those via negotiated settlement, victory and in contexts of ongoing protracted conflict). The review provides a series of readings and case studies that are of use in understanding how armed groups may transition in “post-conflict” settings.
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Lewis, Dustin, ed. Database of States’ Statements (August 2011–October 2016) concerning Use of Force in relation to Syria. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/ekmb4241.

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Many see armed conflict in Syria as a flashpoint for international law. The situation raises numerous unsettling questions, not least concerning normative foundations of the contemporary collective-security and human-security systems, including the following: Amid recurring reports of attacks directed against civilian populations and hospitals with seeming impunity, what loss of legitimacy might law suffer? May—and should—states forcibly intervene to prevent (more) chemical-weapons attacks? If the government of Syria is considered unwilling or unable to obviate terrorist threats from spilling over its borders into other countries, may another state forcibly intervene to protect itself (and others), even without Syria’s consent and without an express authorization of the U.N. Security Council? What began in Daraa in 2011 as protests escalated into armed conflict. Today, armed conflict in Syria implicates a multitude of people, organizations, states, and entities. Some are obvious, such as the civilian population, the government, and organized armed groups (including designated terrorist organizations, for example the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS). Other implicated actors might be less obvious. They include dozens of third states that have intervened or otherwise acted in relation to armed conflict in Syria; numerous intergovernmental bodies; diverse domestic, foreign, and international courts; and seemingly innumerable NGOs. Over time, different states have adopted wide-ranging and diverse approaches to undertaking measures (or not) concerning armed conflict in Syria, whether in relation to the government, one or more armed opposition groups, or the civilian population. Especially since mid-2014, a growing number of states have undertaken military operations directed against ISIS in Syria. For at least a year-and-a-half, Russia has bolstered military strategies of the Syrian government. At least one state (the United States) has directed an operation against a Syrian military base. And, more broadly, many states provide (other) forms of support or assistance to the government of Syria, to armed opposition groups, or to the civilian population. Against that backdrop, the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (HLS PILAC) set out to collect states’ statements made from August 2011 through November 2016 concerning use of force in relation to Syria. A primary aim of the database is to provide a comparatively broad set of reliable resources regarding states’ perspectives, with a focus on legal parameters. A premise underlying the database is that through careful documentation of diverse approaches, we can better understand those perspectives. The intended audience of the database is legal practitioners. The database is composed of statements made on behalf of states and/or by state officials. For the most part, the database focuses on statements regarding legal parameters concerning use of force in relation to Syria. HLS PILAC does not pass judgment on whether each statement is necessarily legally salient for purposes of international law. Nor does HLS PILAC seek to determine whether a particular statement may be understood as an expression of opinio juris or an act of state practice (though it might be).
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Lewis, Dustin, Gabriella Blum, and Naz Modirzadeh. Indefinite War: Unsettled International Law on the End of Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/yrjv6070.

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Can we say, definitively, when an armed conflict no longer exists under international law? The short, unsatisfying answer is sometimes: it is clear when some conflicts terminate as a matter of international law, but a decisive determination eludes many others. The lack of fully-settled guidance often matters significantly. That is because international law tolerates, for the most part, far less violent harm, devastation, and suppression in situations other than armed conflicts. Thus, certain measures governed by the laws and customs of war—including killing and capturing the enemy, destroying and seizing enemy property, and occupying foreign territory, all on a possibly large scale—would usually constitute grave violations of peacetime law. This Legal Briefing details the legal considerations and analyzes the implications of that lack of settled guidance. It delves into the myriad (and often-inconsistent) provisions in treaty law, customary law, and relevant jurisprudence that purport to govern the end of war. Alongside the doctrinal analysis, this Briefing considers the changing concept of war and of what constitutes its end; evaluates diverse interests at stake in the continuation or close of conflict; and contextualizes the essentially political work of those who design the law. In all, this Legal Briefing reveals that international law, as it now stands, provides insufficient guidance to precisely discern the end of many armed conflicts as a factual matter (when has the war ended?), as a normative matter (when should the war end?), and as a legal matter (when does the international-legal framework of armed conflict cease to apply in relation to the war?). The current plurality of legal concepts of armed conflict, the sparsity of IHL provisions that instruct the end of application, and the inconsistency among such provisions thwart uniform regulation and frustrate the formulation of a comprehensive notion of when wars can, should, and do end. Fleshing out the criteria for the end of war is a considerable challenge. Clearly, many of the problems identified in this Briefing are first and foremost strategic and political. Yet, as part of a broader effort to strengthen international law’s claim to guide behavior in relation to war and protect affected populations, international lawyers must address the current confusion and inconsistencies that so often surround the end of armed conflict.
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Dorsey, Jessica, and Nilza Amaral. Military drones in Europe. Royal Institute of International Affairs, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784134556.

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The use of armed drones, particularly to conduct targeted killings outside formal war zones, is highly contentious. In the contemporary context, where conflict has moved beyond the theatres of traditional warfare to take place in undefined battle zones, and is chiefly characterized by counterterrorism and counter-insurgency operations, drone use has brought to the fore critical questions on civilian casualties, the rule of law, secrecy and lack of accountability, among others. This paper has been developed as part of a project focusing on the policy implications for the UK and the EU of the use of armed drones. The analysis draws on discussions that took place at two research workshops and a simulation exercise held at Chatham House in 2019. The authors argue that the troubling questions raised by armed drone use should not just be a concern for countries that may use them in permissive ways. The EU and the UK, with a shared interest in upholding democratic values, need to work together on developing guidance on best practice for improving transparency and accountability around the use of armed drones.
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Hunter, Janine. Street Life in the City on the Edge: Street youth recount their daily lives in Bukavu, DRC. StreetInvest, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001257.

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Bukavu, a city on the shores of Lake Kivu on the eastern edge of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), is home to over one million people, many displaced by poverty and the consequences of armed conflicts that continue to affect the east of the country. More than 10,000 street children and youth live here in street situations. 19 street youth helped to create this story map by recording all the visual data and sharing their stories about their daily lives. The story map includes 9 sections and 2 galleries showing street children and youth’s daily lives in Bukavu and the work of Growing up on the Streets civil society partner PEDER to help them. Chapters include details of how street children and youth collect plastics from the shores of Lake Kivu to sell, they cook, and share food together, or buy from restaurants or stalls. Young women earn their living in sex work and care for their children and young men relax, bond and hope to make extra money by gambling and betting. The original language recorded in the videos is Swahili, this has been translated into English and French for the two versions of the map.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, and Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.

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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
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Bolton, Laura. Criminal Activity and Deforestation in Latin America. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.003.

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This review examines evidence on criminal deforestation activity in Latin America (particularly, but not exclusively the Amazon) and draws from the literature on the lessons learned in combatting criminal deforestation activity. This review focuses on Brazil as representative of the overwhelming majority of literature on criminal activity in relation to deforestation in the Amazon. The literature notes that Illegal deforestation occurs largely through criminal networks as they have the capacity for coordination, processing, selling, and the deployment of armed men to protect operations. Bribery, corruption, and fraud are deeply ingrained in deforestation. Networks may bribe geoprocessing experts, police, and public officials. Members of the criminal groups may become council members, mayors, and state representatives. Land titles are fabricated and trading documentation fraudulent. The literature also notes some interventions to combat this criminal deforestation activity: monitoring and law enforcement; national systems for registry and monitoring; legal enforcement for compliance of environmental law; International agreements and action; and Involving indigenous communities in combatting deforestation.
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Baudais, Virginie, Annelies Hickendorff, Jaïr van der Lijn, Igor Acko, Souleymane Maiga, and Hussein Yusuf Ali. EU Military Training Missions: A Synthesis Report. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lfle9658.

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This paper draws overarching conclusions based on a synthesis of previously published case studies that examined the impact of EU military training missions (EUTMs) in Somalia (EUTM Somalia, 2010–), Mali (EUTM Mali, 2013–), the Central African Republic (CAR) (EUTM RCA, 2016–). It concludes that EUTMs are relevant niche operations. Despite difficult circumstances beyond the control of the missions, EUTM training and advisory efforts have increased the effectiveness of partner armed forces. While these gains have been marginal in CAR and Somalia, they have been a bit more pronounced in Mali. Yet, broader security sector reform and defence sector reform efforts to improve the accountability and governance of defence and security sectors have become bogged down. The main challenge is that EUTMs are generally mandated to implement largely technical and tactical agendas in contexts where the ongoing armed conflict and the politics of the security sector are not conducive to building professional national security forces. As a consequence EUTMs find themselves caught up in interlinked and partially overlapping dilemmas. This study concludes with seven partly overlapping recommendations to EU member states and to EUTMs to address the main limitations that are restricting the impact of the missions.
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Burniske, Jessica, Dustin Lewis, and Naz Modirzadeh. Suppressing Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Supporting Principled Humanitarian Action: A Provisional Framework for Analyzing State Practice. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/nrmd2833.

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Abstract:
In 2014, reports suggested that a surge of foreign jihadists were participating in armed conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and elsewhere. The United Nations Security Council responded by imposing in Resolution 2178 (2014) an array of obligations on member states to counter the threat posed by “foreign terrorist fighters” (FTFs). In the intervening year, those states have taken a range of actions — though at various speeds and with varying levels of commitment — to implement the FTF obligations imposed by the Council. Meanwhile, many states continue to fund and otherwise throw their support behind life-saving humanitarian relief for civilians in armed conflicts around the world — including conflicts involving terrorists. Yet, in recent years, members of the humanitarian community have been increasingly aware of the real, perceived, and potential impacts of counterterrorism laws on humanitarian action. Part of their interest stems from the fact that certain counterterrorism laws may, intentionally or unintentionally, adversely affect principled humanitarian action, especially in regions where terrorist groups control territory (and thus access to civilians, too). The effects of these laws may be widespread — ranging from heightened due diligence requirements on humanitarian organizations to restrictions on travel, from greater government scrutiny of national and regional staff of humanitarian organizations to decreased access to financial services and funding. Against that backdrop, this briefing report has two aims: first, to provide a primer on the most salient issues at the intersection of counterterrorism measures and humanitarian aid and assistance, with a focus on the ascendant FTF framing. And second, to put forward, for critical feedback and assessment, a provisional methodology for evaluating the following question: is it feasible to subject two key contemporary wartime concerns — the fight against FTFs and supporting humanitarian aid and assistance for civilians in terrorist-controlled territories — to meaningful empirical analysis?
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10

Thomas, Jakana. Gendered Security Sector Reform: What Can We Learn from Women’s Participation in Community-Based Armed Groups? RESOLVE Network, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2022.1.cbags.

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West African women are frequently absent from discussions of community security, despite their substantial contributions to local defense. Women are often viewed primarily as beneficiaries of attempts to reduce local violence, such that their roles in community-based security are typically overlooked. Yet women’s participation in CBAGs holds important implications for the national security of conflict-affected states. Understanding women’s participation in community-based armed groups matters for successful demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration programs and for states’ implementation of the global Women, Peace, and Security agenda, particularly gendered security sector reform. That women have been active—and in some cases instrumental— in establishing and maintaining local security can serve as a point of reference for states seeking to integrate more women into security institutions. Moreover, since CBAG politics are often governed by local norms and practices, understanding how women have become integrated into these local security structures can suggest means of achieving gendered security sector reform that are consistent with and respectful of local customs. This policy note briefly outlines and expounds upon some of the main insights of the author’s recent study on women’s participation in West African CBAGs. It proposes a set of considerations for states and stakeholders to structure efforts around gendered security sector reform.
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