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1
Gosney, Michael. The Verbum book of scanned imagery. Redwood City, CA: M&T Books, 1991.
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Gosney, Michael. The Verbum book of scanned imagery. Redwood City, CA: M&T Books, 1991.
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Repola, Leopoldo. Tecnologia scanner applicata ai beni culturali: Analisi, monitoraggio, restauro : l'esperienza a Monastiraki e in altri luoghi del Mediterraneo. Napoli: Suor Orsola Benincasa nell'Università, 2009.
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The ARF Scanner-Based Services: Fact Sheet ; April 1989. New York: The Advertising Research Foundation, 1989.
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5
Peterson, Martin. Are Technological Artifacts Mere Tools? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652265.003.0009.
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The geometric method rests heavily on the assumption that the aim of a moral analysis of technology is to determine what professional engineers, designers, and ordinary users ought to do when confronted with ethical issues triggered by new or existing technologies. Some scholars reject this assumption. According to an influential tradition, the central research question for a moral analysis of technology should be to establish what ethical values, norms, or other moral properties are embedded in technological artifacts qua artifacts. On this view guns, cars, and obstetric ultrasound scanners are no mere tools; they have moral properties of their own. This chapter discusses this artifact approach to the ethics of technology.
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Loren, Emma. Who Need a SUPER HERO, When You Are Scanner: 6X9 Career Pride 120 Pages Writing Notebooks. Independently Published, 2019.
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Bjørnerheim, Reidar, Genevieve Derumeaux, and Andrzej Gackowski. Digital echocardiography laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0017.
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Modern digital echo laboratories are based on echo scanners working in a network with file server(s) and work-station computers for offline analysis and reporting. They may be based on vendor-specific software, but are preferably based on vendor-independent software solutions, being able to handle data from all brands of scanners. To enable analysis of advanced echocardiographic techniques, plug-ins for vendor-specific solutions should be integrated in the otherwise vendor-independent software. To obtain full efficiency, the system should be integrated with the hospital information system for patient demographics and scheduling, and the approved report should automatically be returned to the electronic patient record without the need for scanning or other handling by manpower. To obtain this, a variety of standards have been developed, most of them for medical imaging in general. Scanners of all major brands deliver data compatible with those standards, even if compatibility problems may occur. When the optimal solution for the individual organization has been established, running the echo lab changes significantly. Digital images are stored on safe repositories without quality loss and are available for viewing outside the echo lab. Offline measurements, structured reporting, education, research, quality control, and financial analyses are available. The lab becomes more efficient and cost-effective.
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Scannell, Vernon. Soldiering on: Poems of Military Life by Vernon Scannell. Robson Books, 1997.
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Byrne, Alex. Inner Sense. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821618.003.0002.
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According to the inner-sense theory, one finds out about one’s own mind by deploying a (quasi-)perceptual mechanism, or “internal scanner.” The theory defended in TS&K is not a version of the inner-sense theory, but there are commonalities. This chapter examines eight leading objections to the inner-sense theory, and argues that they leave it pretty much unscathed. However, as explained at the end, there are some residual puzzles. Although the inner-sense theory offers a nice explanation of peculiar access, it offers none at all of privileged access. Further, it gives no explanation of why Shoemakerian “self-blindness” does not actually occur. This motivates an examination of some leading alternatives.
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Narayana, Shalini, Babak Saboury, Andrew B. Newberg, Andrew C. Papanicolaou, and Abass Alavi. Positron Emission Tomography. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.8.
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging method that utilizes compounds labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes as molecular probes to evaluate different neurophysiological processes quantitatively and noninvasively. This chapter provides a background regarding positron emission, radiotracer chemistry, and detector and scanner instrumentation, as well as analytical methods for evaluating basic brain physiology, such as cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose metabolism. The methodological aspects of PET imaging, such as patient preparation and optimal scanning parameters, are discussed. Examples of application of blood flow and metabolic imaging in both research and clinical scenarios for the evaluation of normal neurophysiology are provided. Recent advances in PET imaging, including PET-CT and PET-MRI, are also described. Finally, the unique strengths of PET imaging are highlighted.
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Braeutigam, Sven, and Peter Kenning. An Integrative Guide to Consumer Neuroscience. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789932.001.0001.
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This book provides an integrative guide to the modern, highly interdisciplinary, and complex field of consumer neuroscience. The aim is to provide a robust overview of the many theoretical and experimental domains involved, thereby balancing depth and breadth of presentation. The material is loosely structured in three, not explicitly delineated parts. The first three chapters discuss the scope of consumer neuroscience, relevant psychological phenomena, and the human brain. The following three chapters cover the relevant mathematics, scanner technologies, and data analyses. The next five chapters discuss concepts and applications of consumer neuroscience, some of which are rather well established, and some reflect cutting-edge research. Specifically, issues of individual, social, and commercial consumer neuroscience are addressed in addition to aspects related to gender differences, abnormal consumer behaviour, ageing, and organizational behaviour. The final two chapters discuss research ethics and future directions, respectively.
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Martin, Colin J. The development of radiation protection. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0001.
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The opening chapter introduces the use of radiation in medicine. It lists the main events in the application of radiation following the discovery of X-rays in 1895, the beginning of the use of radioactive sources in therapy in the early 1900s, the development of nuclear medicine in the 1960s, and the first computed tomography scanner in 1972. Radiation protection began to develop as a specialty at an early stage, but it was following analysis of effects on the survivors of the atomic bombs dropped on Japan that the need for stricter control became apparent. The chapter also reviews the development of standards for non-ionizing radiations. Summaries of medical applications for all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are included, and the main biological effects of different types of radiation are included.
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Jones, PhD, Derek K., ed. Diffusion MRI. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195369779.001.0001.
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Since its initial development in the mid-1980s, and wide accessibility to perform diffusion MRI on all MRI scanners, the use of diffusion MRI has become widespread across the last 30 years. This online resource discusses the importance of ensuring that the hardware is performing optimally, the pulse sequence is carefully designed, the acquisition is optimal, the data quality is maximized while artifacts are minimized, the appropriate post-processing is used, and, where appropriate, the appropriate statistical testing is used, and the data are interpreted correctly. The author is a world authority on diffusion MRI, and has assembled most of the world's leading scientists and clinicians developing and applying diffusion MRI to produce a definitive, didactic and essential reference work for those working with diffusion MRI.
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Jenkins, Ian A., and David A. Rowney. Resuscitation, stabilization, and transfer of sick and injured children. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman and Neil S. Morton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0074.
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Even though anaesthetists may not regard themselves as specialists in the care of critically ill children, they are still at the forefront of the immediate care of critically ill children. Whether they have developed an interest in paediatric anaesthesia or because they have subspecialized in general intensive care, anaesthetists will find themselves called upon by colleagues in the emergency department or in paediatrics to exercise the knowledge and skills that no other group in the hospital possess. Additionally, when these children need to be moved either to a scanner or hyper-acutely to a tertiary unit (e.g. for neurosurgical intervention), then the skills and specific knowledge of the anaesthetist will be called upon again. These elements are recognized in the syllabi of both the Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine. This chapter gives the background to the characteristics of critically ill children, sets out the important elements of the conditions that will be commonly encountered, and provides a full résumé of the preparations that transferring teams will need in terms of personnel, their knowledge, skills, and equipment, and also a full exploration of the various methods of transport, road ambulance, rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft, and what all these entail for the clinical team.
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Mc Ardle, Brian A., Jennifer M. Renaud, Robert A. deKemp, and Rob S. B. Beanlands. Role of PET in Diagnosis and Risk Assessment in Patients with Known or Suspected CAD. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0020.
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Cardiac PET enables evaluation of multiple aspects of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, cell signaling and function that are of value both for diagnosis and prognostication in patients with known or suspected CAD and its use has increased in the past three decades. PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) offers several technological advantages over SPECT including; higher photon energy, higher count sensitivity, more consistent attenuation correction and the ability to measure myocardial blood flow in absolute terms. These result in faster imaging times, lower patient radiation exposure and increased diagnostic accuracy. However the availability of PET MPI remains limited, predominantly due to expense. Efforts are underway to expand the use of PET MPI beyond larger centers, with lower-cost scanners and more widely available radiotracers. In this chapter we describe the latest advances in PET camera technology and image reconstruction as well as potential image artifacts specific to PET MPI. We go on to discuss diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of PET MPI as well as its role in clinical practice.
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Szczykutowicz, Timothy P. The CT Handbook. Medical Physics Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54947/9780944838532.
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In just over one year since being published, The CT Handbookhas become one of MPP’s most widely reviewed and highly praised books ever. From Laurence King in IPEM SCOPE…"It contains concepts and practical pieces of advice that I have taken years (sometimes painfully) on the job to appreciate." From Markus Buchgeister in EFOMP Newsletter…" This excellent CT-handbook is a must-have for all those who are or going to be in charge of optimizing the workflow and protocols of the modern 'workhorse CT' of today's radiology department and who want to have it at hand in one volume!" From Roshan Samuel Livingstone in the Journal of Medical Physics…" With lot of practical illustrations and images, this book is organized for individuals who have basic knowledge in CT imaging. Overall, I would recommend this book for technologists, radiologist, medical physicists, and application specialists." A realization of Medical Physics 3.0 must involve an appreciation of the administrative, clinical, and technical sides of CT imaging. Since the author treats all of these facets in the book, it embodies the mission of Medical Physics 3.0 for CT. In addition, the text doesn't shy away from comparing features from different vendors. Providing vendor-specific information allows one to gain real-world insight into MDCT scanner reconstruction and AEC operation. Special Features Include: Over 300 example artifact images. Multiple chapter with guidance on setting up protocols.
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Mittleman, Alan L. Persons in a World of Things. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176277.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the reality of persons in a world of things. It begins and ends with some relevant views drawn from the Jewish philosophers Buber (1878–1965), Heschel (1907–72), and Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903–93). Framed by the Jewish concerns, it turns to a philosophical exploration of human personhood. The chapter begins by consiering Sellars's classic essay on the scientific and manifest images of “man-in-the-world.” Sellars shows how urgent and difficult it is to sustain a recognizable image of ourselves as persons in the face of scientism. With additional help from Nagel and Kant, it argues that persons cannot be conceptually scanted in a world of things. Notwithstanding the explanatory power of science, there is more to life than explanation. Explanation of what we are needs supplementing by a conception of who we are, how we should live, and why we matter. Those are questions to which Jewish sources can speak.
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Miller, Giulia. Studying Waltz with Bashir. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325154.001.0001.
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On its release in 2008, Ari Folman's animated documentary Waltz with Bashir was heralded as a brilliant and original exploration of trauma, and trauma's impact on memory and the recording of history. But it is surprising that although the film is seen through the eyes of one particular soldier, a viewpoint portrayed using highly experimental forms of animation, this has not prevented Waltz with Bashir from being regarded as both an “autobiographical” and “honest” account of the director's own experiences in the 1982 Lebanon War. In fact, the film won several documentary awards, and even those critics focusing on the representation of trauma suggest that this trauma must be authentic. In this sense, it is the documentary form rather than the animation that has had the most influence upon critics. As this book shows, it is the tension between the two forms that makes the film so complex and interesting, allowing for multiple themes and discourses to coexist, including Israel's role during the Lebanon War and the impact of trauma upon narrative, but also the representation of Holocaust memory and its role in the formation of Israeli identity. In addition to these themes that coexist by virtue of the film's unusual animated documentary format, Waltz with Bashir can also be discussed in relation to a broad range of contexts; for example, the representation of war in film, the history of Israeli Holocaust cinema, and recent trends in experimental animation, such as Richard Linklater's Waking Life (2001) and A Scanner Darkly (2006), as well as Folman's most recent live action/animation work The Congress (2013).
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Kaufmann, Philipp A., and Oliver Gaemperli. Hybrid Cardiac Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0028.
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Assessment of both coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion are equally important for the appropriate treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Cardiac hybrid imaging allows integration of coronary anatomy and perfusion in one all-in-one image, thereby avoiding mental integration of findings. In selected subgroups of patients, cardiac hybrid imaging has demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to single modalities. The combination of coronary anatomy and function provides incremental prognostic information and improves risk stratification of patients with suspected or known CAD. Aside from CT coronary angiography, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) scans obtained from native ECG-triggered CT are used for hybrid imaging. They are used either for attenuation correction, or can be combined with radionuclide information to improve CAD detection and risk stratification. A large number of integrated hybrid scanners are commercially available and offer advantages for cardiac hybrid imaging. However, these devices are not mandatory, and hybrid imaging is perfectly feasible from two separate datasets using appropriate image fusion software. Cardiac magnetic resonance has entered the arena of hybrid imaging and several integrated PET/MRI devices are already commercially available. Its advantages include the lack of ionizing radiation and a high spatial resolution, particularly for soft tissue structures. In research, hybrid imaging moves beyond its conventional borders of perfusion imaging to target specific molecular or biological pathways that underlie cardiac disease, a concept known as molecular imaging. The combination of radionuclide imaging with CT or MRI offers attractive features to co-localize biological signals from radiolabeled targeted compounds with microanatomical structures.
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Chen, C. Julian. Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856559.001.0001.
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The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) was invented by Binnig and Rohrer and received a Nobel Prize of Physics in 1986. Together with the atomic force microscope (AFM), it enables non-destructive observing and mapping atoms and molecules on solid surfaces down to a picometer resolution. A recent development is the non-destructive observation of wavefunctions in individual atoms and molecules, including nodal structures inside the wavefunctions. STM and AFM have become indespensible instruments for scientists of various disciplines, including physicists, chemists, engineers, and biologists to visualize and utilize the microscopic world around us. Since the publication of the first edition in 1993, this book has been recognized as a standard introduction for everyone that starts working with scanning probe microscopes, and a useful reference book for those more advanced in the field. After an Overview chapter accessible for newcomers at an entry level presenting the basic design, scientific background, and illustrative applications, the book has three Parts. Part I, Principles, provides the most systematic and detailed theory of its scientific bases from basic quantum mechancis and condensed-metter physics in all available literature. Quantitative analysis of its imaging mechanism for atoms, molecules, and wavefunctions is detailed. Part II, Instrumentation, provides down to earth descriptions of its building components, including piezoelectric scanners, vibration isolation, electronics, software, probe tip preparation, etc. Part III, Related methods, presenting two of its most important siblings, scanning tunnelling specgroscopy and atomic force miscsoscopy. The book has five appendices for background topics, and 405 references for further readings.
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Hutchinson, G. O. Plutarch's Rhythmic Prose. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.001.0001.
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Greek literature is divided, like many literatures, into poetry and prose; but in the earlier Roman Empire, 31 BC to AD 300, much Greek (and Latin) prose was written in one organized rhythmic system. Whether most, or hardly any, Greek prose adopted this patterning has been entirely unclear; this book for the first time adequately establishes an answer. It then seeks to get deeper into the nature of prose-rhythm through one of the greatest Imperial works, Plutarch’s Lives. All its phrases, almost 100,000, have been scanned rhythmically. Prose-rhythm is revealed as a means of expression, which draws attention to words and word-groups. (Online readings are offered too.) Some passages in the Lives pack rhythms together more closely than others; the book looks especially at rhythmically dense passages. These do not occur randomly; they attract attention to themselves, and are marked out as climactic in the narrative, or as in other ways of highlighted significance. Comparison emerges as crucial to the Lives on many levels. Much of the book closely discusses particular dense moments, in commentary form, to show how much rhythm contributes to understanding, and is to be integrated with other sorts of criticism. These remarkable passages make apparent the greatness of Plutarch as a prose-writer: a side not greatly considered amid the huge resurgence of work on him. The book also analyses closely rhythmic and unrhythmic passages from three Greek novelists. Rhythm illuminates both a supreme Greek writer, Plutarch, and three prolific centuries of Greek literary history.
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Hide, Geoff, and Jennifer Humphries. Computed tomography. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0069.
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Computed tomography (CT), along with its cross-sectional partner MRI, continues to evolve apace. Although MRI retains the larger role in the musculoskeletal system due to its unparalleled soft tissue contrast and, not least, its lack of ionizing radiation, CT offers significant advantages in many areas. Imaging acute trauma is more rapid with CT, allowing 'whole body' assessment of patients following polytrauma, and CT is more useful than MRI in demonstrating the configuration of fractures, aiding surgical planning. CT can clearly identify cortical bone and areas of calcification, making the diagnosis of tarsal coalitions straightforward and facilitating the diagnosis and characterization of bone tumours such as osteoid osteoma and chondroid lesions. CT arthrography supplements standard imaging with intra-articular contrast to allow the detection of subtle joint abnormalities, and CT can demonstrate needles precisely within bone and soft tissue to enable the performance of complex image-guided procedures. Developments in CT have been especially rapid in the past decade and although this has particularly impacted on cardiac imaging, other areas of medicine, including rheumatology, have benefited. High multislice scanners can obtain data for a volume of tissue allowing reconstruction of slices with exceptional detail in any plane, and can rapidly image large areas of the body such as the spine. CT is responsible for a large proportion of the population's medical radiation exposure. Although techniques allowing reduction in dose continue to advance, radiologists and referrers retain responsibility to ensure that requests for CT examinations are necessary and justifiable.