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Journal articles on the topic 'ARM protocol'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Wijdenes, Paula, Michael Brouwers, and Corry K. van der Sluis. "Prosthesis Prescription Protocol of the Arm (PPP-Arm): The implementation of a national prosthesis prescription protocol." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, no. 1 (January 4, 2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364617747962.

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Background and aim: In order to create more uniformity in the prescription of upper limb prostheses by Dutch rehabilitation teams, the development and implementation of a Prosthesis Prescription Protocol of the upper limb (PPP-Arm) was initiated. The aim was to create a national digital protocol to structure, underpin, and evaluate the prescription of upper limb prostheses for clients with acquired or congenital arm defects. Technique: Prosthesis Prescription Protocol of the Arm (PPP-Arm) was developed on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning and consisted of several layers. All stakeholders (rehabilitation teams, orthopedic workshops, patients, and insurance companies) were involved in development and implementation. A national project coordinator and knowledge brokers in each team were essential for the project. Discussion: PPP-Arm was successfully developed and implemented in nine Dutch rehabilitation teams. The protocol improved team collaboration, structure, and completeness of prosthesis prescriptions and treatment uniformity and might be interesting for other countries as well. Clinical relevance A national protocol to prescribe upper limb prostheses can be helpful to create uniformity in treatment of patients with upper limb defects. Such a protocol improves quality of care for all patients in the country.
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2

Yang, Wei Ming. "Design of UART Downloading for Multi-Process Micro-Kernel Embedded OS on ARM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.843.

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This paper describes the design and implementation of UART downloading with Ymodem protocol for multi-process micro-kernel embedded operating system on ARM, including overview of commonly used communication protocols via serial port (Xmodem, Ymodem, and Zmodem), key techniques of Ymodem protocol, design of the system call for Ymodem downloading, and programming essentials of shell command rx with Ymodem protocol. A demo example is provided at the final of the paper to show the usage and effect of the shell command. Practice proves that the performance and efficiency of Ymodem protocol is superior to that of Xmodem, while the program structure of it is simpler than that of Zmodem. Therefore, Ymodem protocol is particularly suitable for implementing downloading function with UART for embedded operating system.
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Zhang, Jin Hai. "Study on Embedded TCP_IP Protocol and ARM Implementation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 6046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.6046.

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Rapid development of Internet networks and backbones technology makes communication based on packet-switching technology, quality and performance have been steadily improved. Existing embedded Internet scenarios, there are high costs, insufficient to achieve complex control functions such as. Embedded devices in the application of limited hardware resources, depending on application requirements simplified TCP/IP protocol. Research of embedded system based on TCP/IP to embedded information product development technology will undoubtedly have an important value.
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Li, Dan. "The Research of HART Sensor System Based on ARM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2855.

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This paper discusses the design method of economical and practical HART protocol communication system, and describes the research scheme in detail, according to the hierarchy of the system protocols: the physical layer, data link layer and application layer. This scheme includes the design of ARM embedded controller module, modulation and demodulation module and USB interface module and other components. According to the effect of the final product used in the field bus network, it is proved that the operation is stable, accurate, simple and easy.
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Odutayo, Ayodele, Dmitry Gryaznov, Bethan Copsey, Paul Monk, Benjamin Speich, Corran Roberts, Karan Vadher, et al. "Design, analysis and reporting of multi-arm trials and strategies to address multiple testing." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa026.

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Abstract Background It is unclear how multiple treatment comparisons are managed in the analysis of multi-arm trials, particularly related to reducing type I (false positive) and type II errors (false negative). Methods We conducted a cohort study of clinical-trial protocols that were approved by research ethics committees in the UK, Switzerland, Germany and Canada in 2012. We examined the use of multiple-testing procedures to control the overall type I error rate. We created a decision tool to determine the need for multiple-testing procedures. We compared the result of the decision tool to the analysis plan in the protocol. We also compared the pre-specified analysis plans in trial protocols to their publications. Results Sixty-four protocols for multi-arm trials were identified, of which 50 involved multiple testing. Nine of 50 trials (18%) used a single-step multiple-testing procedures such as a Bonferroni correction and 17 (38%) used an ordered sequence of primary comparisons to control the overall type I error. Based on our decision tool, 45 of 50 protocols (90%) required use of a multiple-testing procedure but only 28 of the 45 (62%) accounted for multiplicity in their analysis or provided a rationale if no multiple-testing procedure was used. We identified 32 protocol–publication pairs, of which 8 planned a global-comparison test and 20 planned a multiple-testing procedure in their trial protocol. However, four of these eight trials (50%) did not use the global-comparison test. Likewise, 3 of the 20 trials (15%) did not perform the multiple-testing procedure in the publication. The sample size of our study was small and we did not have access to statistical-analysis plans for the included trials in our study. Conclusions Strategies to reduce type I and type II errors are inconsistently employed in multi-arm trials. Important analytical differences exist between planned analyses in clinical-trial protocols and subsequent publications, which may suggest selective reporting of analyses.
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6

Morris, David M., and Ben R. Londeree. "The Effects of Bicycle Crank Arm Length on Oxygen Consumption." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 22, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h97-027.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of various crank arm lengths on oxygen consumption for trained cyclists. Secondary purposes were, if optimal crank arm lengths existed, to determine if these lengths could be predicted based on an individual's leg length. Six trained cyclists completed four experimental protocols riding at a workload of approximately 68% of [Formula: see text] using crank arm lengths of 165, 170, and 175 mm. During each protocol, the cadence, oxygen consumption, and distance traveled were determined, and values were combined to give a [Formula: see text] value. The values then were placed in either a high, medium, or low efficiency category. Significant differences were found among the three protocols. No significant correlations were found between each subject's most efficient crank arm length and leg length. The results of the study suggest that each subject has a most efficient crank arm length, but it does not appear that optimal crank arm length can be predicted by leg length. Key words: optimal crank arm length, leg length, efficiency
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7

Seys, Stefaan, and Bart Preneel. "ARM: anonymous routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks." International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 3, no. 3 (2009): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwmc.2009.028896.

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8

Hou, Jing Jing, and Gen Wang Liu. "A Design of Li-Ion Battery Formation System Based on ARM Embedded Computer." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.998.

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Based on embedded ARM system and TCP\IP protocol and CAN-bus protocol, a filed-control-system of Li-ion Battery Formation was designed. TCP protocol has many advantages such as reliable and high speed; CAN-bus protocol also has many advantages such as high speed, high reliability and good resisting disturbance performance. We used TCP protocol achieve communication between Host Computer and Upper Computer, and used CAN-bus protocol between Upper Computer and Lower Computer. This system has such functions as inspection, formation management and battery separation. In this article we will describe the system structure, function, communication architecture and give a brief communication software code with QT programming language.
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Pedrosa, Gustavo F., Marina G. Simões, Marina O. C. Figueiredo, Lucas T. Lacerda, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Fernando V. Lima, Mauro H. Chagas, and Rodrigo C. R. Diniz. "Training in the Initial Range of Motion Promotes Greater Muscle Adaptations Than at Final in the Arm Curl." Sports 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11020039.

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Objective: The effects of ROM manipulation on muscle strength and hypertrophy response remain understudied in long-term interventions. Thus, we compared the changes in strength and regional muscle hypertrophy after training in protocols with different ranges of motion (ROM) in the seated dumbbell preacher curl exercise using a within-participant experimental design. Design and methods: Nineteen young women had one arm randomly assigned to train in the initial ROM (INITIALROM: 0°–68°; 0° = extended elbow) while the contralateral arm trained in the final ROM (FINALROM: 68°–135°), three times per week over an eight-week study period. Pre- and post-training assessments included one repetition maximum (1RM) testing in the full ROM (0°–135°), and measurement of biceps brachii cross-sectional area (CSA) at 50% and 70% of humerus length. Paired t-tests were used to compare regional CSA changes between groups, the sum of CSA changes at 50% and 70% (CSAsummed), and the strength response between the training protocols. Results: The INITIALROM protocol displayed a greater CSA increase than FINALROM protocol at 70% of biceps length (p = 0.001). Alternatively, we observed similar increases between the protocols for CSA at 50% (p = 0.311) and for CSAsummed (p = 0.111). Moreover, the INITIALROM protocol displayed a greater 1RM increase than FINALROM (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that training in the initial angles of elbow flexion exercise promotes greater distal hypertrophy of the biceps brachii muscle in untrained young women. Moreover, the INITIALROM condition promotes a greater dynamic strength increase when tested at a full ROM compared to the FINALROM.
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10

Walker, R., S. Powers, and M. K. Stuart. "Peak oxygen uptake in arm ergometry: effects of testing protocol." British Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.20.1.25.

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Helal, Eman, Ahmed M. Esmat, and Sherihan M. Eissa. "AMOUNT OF BONE LOSS AND DIGITAL OCCLUSAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ATTACHMENT DESIGNS IN BILATERAL DISTAL EXTENSION PARTIAL DENTURE CASES." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12166.

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Background: OT unilateral extra-coronal attachmentconsidered as one of the best choices for distal extension partially edentulous cases. Aim: Comparing OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment with modified OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment RPDs with bracing arm regardingamount of bone loss and occlusal load (using T-scan system). Methods: Ten patients have missing bilateral mandibular molars teeth were treated according to split-mouth design using protocol A (OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment) and protocol B (modified OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment with a bracing arm). Amount of bone loss was evaluated radiographically at time of denture insertion, 3months, 6month, 9months, 12month and 18 months after denture delivery to measure the bone height changes. Also, occlusal load was evaluated using T-scanner (Digital occlusal analysis). Results: Regarding bone loss: Protocol B was significantly lower than protocol A after 6 and 12 months, while in occlusal load analysis Protocol B was insignificantly lower than protocol A. Conclusion: Less vertical bone height resorption and less occlusal forces in bracing side (OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment RPDs with a bracing arm) when compared with the non-bracing side.
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12

Forbes, Scott C., and Philip D. Chilibeck. "Comparison of a Kayaking Ergometer Protocol With an Arm Crank Protocol for Evaluating Peak Oxygen Consumption." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21, no. 4 (2007): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/r-20636.1.

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FORBES, SCOTT C., and PHILIP D. CHILIBECK. "COMPARISON OF A KAYAKING ERGOMETER PROTOCOL WITH AN ARM CRANK PROTOCOL FOR EVALUATING PEAK OXYGEN CONSUMPTION." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21, no. 4 (November 2007): 1282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200711000-00052.

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14

Shores, Jaimie, Gerald Brandacher, and W. Lee. "From Auto- to Allotransplantation: Immunomodulatory Protocol for Hand and Arm Transplantation." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 34, no. 09 (May 18, 2018): 683–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1651524.

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Aim To achieve a favorable risk–benefit balance for hand transplantation, an immunomodulatory protocol was developed in the laboratory and translated to clinical application. Methods Following donor bone marrow infusion into transplant recipients, hand and arm allografts have been maintained on low-dose tacrolimus monotherapy. Results Good-to-excellent functional recovery has been achieved in patients compliant with medication and therapy, thus restoring autonomous and productive lives. Conclusion The risk-benefit balance can be tilted in favor of the hand transplant recipients by using an immunomodulatory protocol with minimum immunosuppression.
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15

Lennie, Susan C., Tracy Amofa-Diatuo, Alan Nevill, and Arthur D. Stewart. "Protocol variations in arm position influence the magnitude of waist girth." Journal of Sports Sciences 31, no. 12 (May 8, 2013): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.781664.

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16

Blume, E. D., C. E. Canter, R. Spicer, K. Gauvreau, S. Colan, and K. J. Jenkins. "Prospective Single-Arm Protocol of Carvedilol in Children with Ventricular Dysfunction." Pediatric Cardiology 27, no. 3 (April 4, 2006): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-005-1159-1.

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17

I., Barbas, Aggeloussis N., Podlivaev B., Shakhmuradov Y., Mirzaei B., Tunnemann H., and Kazarian S. "Biomechanical Protocol to Assist the Training of Arm-Throw Wrestling Technique." International Journal of Wrestling Science 2, no. 2 (July 2012): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2012.10878961.

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18

Dominguez-Castells, R., M. Izquierdo, and R. Arellano. "An Updated Protocol to Assess Arm Swimming Power in Front Crawl." International Journal of Sports Medicine 34, no. 04 (October 12, 2012): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1323721.

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19

Page, Stephen J., Peter Levine, Anthony Leonard, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, and Brett M. Kissela. "Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy in Chronic Stroke: Results of a Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial." Physical Therapy 88, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060029.

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Background and Purpose This single-blinded randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of a reimbursable, outpatient, modified constraint-induced therapy (mCIT) protocol (half-hour therapy sessions occurring 3 days per week in which subjects used the more affected arm combined with less affected arm restriction 5 days per week for 5 hours; both of these regimens were administered during a 10-week period) with that of a time-matched exercise program for the more affected arm or a no-treatment control regimen. Subjects Thirty-five subjects with chronic stroke participated in the study. Methods The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery After Stroke (FM), and Motor Activity Log (MAL) were administered to the subjects. Results After intervention, significant differences were observed on the ARAT and MAL Amount of Use and Quality of Movement scales, all in favor of the mCIT group. Discussion and Conclusion The data affirm previous findings suggesting that this reimbursable, outpatient protocol increases more affected arm use and function. Magnitude of changes was consistent with those reported in more intense protocols, such as constraint-induced therapy.
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20

Zhao, Shuang Ping, Jing Hong Xing, and Hui He. "Design of Wireless Sensor Gateway Based on ARM." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.370.

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In view of function needs for embedded network measurement control system,this paper presents a resolution scheme of wireless sensor gateway based on ARM11,The paper in-depth research hardware design of wireless sensor network node and software design, which is to realize communication between embedded gateway and Internet server by any of WIFI,GPRS,3G,IP. According to the corresponding communication protocol, the scheme applied to a variety of different occasions
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Martín-Manjarrés, Soraya, Javier Leal-Martín, Cristina Granados, Esmeralda Mata, Ángel Gil-Agudo, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, and Ignacio Ara. "Fat Oxidation during Exercise in People with Spinal Cord Injury, and Protocols Used: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122402.

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Background: The aim of this study was to summarize evidence on energy metabolism through peak fat oxidation (PFO) and maximum fat oxidation (Fatmax), as well as to analyze the protocols used in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine the main factors related to fat oxidation ability (i.e., age, sex, level of physical activity, and level and degree of injury). Methods: Studies to determine PFO and Fatmax using indirect calorimetry with an arm exercise protocol for SCI patients were included after a systematic search. Other endpoints included study design, sample size, control group, demographic data, level of injury, physical condition, protocol, outcomes measured, and statistical findings. Results: Eight studies (n = 560) were included. The mean value of VO2peak was 1.86 L∙min−1 (range 0.75–2.60 L∙min−1) (lowest value in the tetraplegic subjects). The PFO ranged between 0.06 and 0.30 g∙min−1 (lowest rates: the non-trained subjects with cervical SCI; highest: the tetraplegic subjects). Two types of exercise protocol were found: arm cycle ergometer, and wheelchair propulsion with a computerized ergometer. Five studies used an incremental protocol (2–3 min/stage, different load increments); the rest performed tests of 20 min/stage at three intensities. Conclusion: There are few existing studies measuring fat oxidation in SCI, many of which used small and heterogeneous samples. PFO was lower in SCI subjects when compared with non-injured people performing lower-limb exercise; however, comparing upper-limb exercise, people with SCI showed higher values.
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Wise, Lauren A., Tanran R. Wang, Sydney K. Willis, Amelia K. Wesselink, Kenneth J. Rothman, and Elizabeth E. Hatch. "Effect of a Home Pregnancy Test Intervention on Cohort Retention and Pregnancy Detection: A Randomized Trial." American Journal of Epidemiology 189, no. 8 (March 4, 2020): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa027.

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Abstract We conducted a parallel, nonblinded randomized trial to assess whether offering home pregnancy tests (HPTs) to preconception cohort study participants influenced cohort retention or pregnancy detection. Pregnancy Study Online participants were female, aged 21–45 years, attempting pregnancy, and not using fertility treatment. At enrollment (2017–2018), 1,493 participants with 6 or fewer cycles of attempt time were randomly assigned with 50% probability to receive 12 Clearblue visual HPTs plus the standard protocol (n = 720) or the standard protocol alone (n = 773). Women completed bimonthly questionnaires for 12 months or until conception, whichever came first. In intent-to-treat analyses, retention (≥1 follow-up) was higher in the HPT arm (n = 598; 83%) than the standard protocol arm (n = 535 (69%); mean difference = 15%, 95% CI: 10, 19). Mean time at first pregnancy testing was identical in both arms (2 days before expected menses), as was mean gestational weeks at first positive pregnancy test (4 weeks). Conception was reported by 78% of women in the HPT arm and 75% in the standard protocol arm. Spontaneous abortion was reported by 21% in the HPT arm (mean gestational weeks = 7) and 21% in the standard protocol arm (mean gestational weeks = 6). Randomization of HPTs was associated with greater cohort retention but had little impact on incidence or timing of pregnancy detection.
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Lubaroff, D. M., D. A. Vaena, R. D. Williams, F. N. Joudi, M. C. Smith, P. S. Zehr, J. Eastman, K. Griffith, T. M. Madsen, and K. Johnson. "A phase II trial of an adenovirus/PSA vaccine for prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 3065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3065.

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3065 Background: Our phase I adenovirus/PSA vaccine trial has proven the vaccine is safe. We are conducting a phase II clinical trial with two separate protocols for patients with recurrent or hormone-refractory prostate cancer assessing toxicity, immune responses, and change in PSA levels. Methods: In Protocol 1 men with recurrent prostate cancer after definitive initial treatment were randomized to arm A (vaccine injection alone at days 0, 30, and 60) or arm B (vaccine injection 14 days after initiation of androgen deprivation therapy). In Protocol 2 men with hormone-refractory disease receive the vaccine alone at days 0, 30, and 60. Each injection consists of 108 pfu of Ad/PSA vaccine suspended in a collagen matrix. All patients return at regular intervals for physical, chemical, radiologic, and immunologic evaluations. Twenty-five patients will be enrolled in arms A and B in Protocol 1 and 32 in Protocol 2. Results: To date 10 patients have completed 3 monthly injections and have been followed a median of 5 months. Median patient age is 70 years (range 61–84), and median enrollment PSA levels are 0.79 ng/ml (range 0.24–3.93) in Protocol 1 and 5.47 ng/ml (range 0.29–11.17) in Protocol 2. Preliminary results show 86% in both protocols demonstrating anti-PSA T cell responses above preinjection levels. 25% have stable serum PSA levels, 50% have decreased levels, and 25% have increased levels. 11% have stable serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels, 56% have decreased levels, and 33% have increased levels. Conclusions: These early results from the first few months of this phase II trial demonstrate the induction of anti-PSA T-cell responses in a high percentage of the vaccinated patients and stabilization or declines in serum PSA and PAP levels. No serious vaccine-related toxicities have been identified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Knauert, Melissa P., Margaret Pisani, Nancy Redeker, Terry Murphy, Katy Araujo, Sangchoon Jeon, and Henry Yaggi. "Pilot study: an intensive care unit sleep promotion protocol." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 6, no. 1 (June 2019): e000411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000411.

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PurposeDisturbances, such as in-room activity and sound, are significant sources of sleep disruption among critically ill patients. These factors are potentially modifiable. We tested the impact of an intensive care unit (ICU) sleep promotion protocol on overnight in-room disturbance.MethodsOur protocol restricted non-urgent bedside care from 00:00 to 03:59. Patients were assigned to usual care (n=30) or the sleep protocol (n=26). The primary outcomes were measures of in-room activity, sound and light. These three types of disturbance were compared between arms during a baseline time block (20:00–23:59) and a rest time block (00:00–03:59). We assessed the sleep protocol effect with generalised linear models.ResultsUsual care and sleep protocol patients had equivalent levels of in-room activity, sound and light during the baseline time block (20:00–23:59). In contrast, during the rest time block (00:00–03:59), the sleep protocol arm had 32% fewer room entries (rate ratio (RR) 0.68, p=0.001) and 9.1 fewer minutes of in-room activity (p=0.0002). Also, the length of time between room entrances increased from 26.4 to 45.8 min (p=0.0004). The sleep protocol arm also had lower sound during the rest time block. Mean A-weighted sound was 2.5 decibels lower (p=0.02), and there were 36% fewer peaks (RR 0.64, p=0.02). Light levels were highly variable and not changed by the sleep protocol.ConclusionsSleep promotion protocols can improve in-room activity and sound. This provides a better sleep opportunity and may, therefore, improve ICU sleep.Trial registration number1112009428
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Nikica, Darabos, Cesarec Marijan, Grgurovic Denis, Rutic Zeljko, Darabos Anela, and Kenneth Egol. "Shotgun Injury to the Arm: A Staged Protocol for Upper Limb Salvage." Military Medicine 175, no. 3 (March 2010): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-09-00064.

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Evans, Catrin, Kerry Evans, Andrew Booth, Stephen Timmons, Nia Jones, Benash Nazmeen, Candice Sunney, Mark Clowes, Georgia Clancy, and Helen Spiby. "Realist inquiry into Maternity care @ a Distance (ARM@DA): realist review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e062106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062106.

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IntroductionOne of the most commonly reported COVID-19-related changes to all maternity services has been an increase in the use of digital clinical consultations such as telephone or video calling; however, the ways in which they can be optimally used along maternity care pathways remain unclear. It is imperative that digital service innovations do not further exacerbate (and, ideally, should tackle) existing inequalities in service access and clinical outcomes. Using a realist approach, this project aims to synthesise the evidence around implementation of digital clinical consultations, seeking to illuminate how they can work to support safe, personalised and appropriate maternity care and to clarify when they might be most appropriately used, for whom, when, and in what contexts?Methods and analysisThe review will be conducted in four iterative phases, with embedded stakeholder involvement: (1) refining the review focus and generating initial programme theories, (2) exploring and developing the programme theories in light of evidence, (3) testing/refining the programme theories and (4) constructing actionable recommendations. The review will draw on four sources of evidence: (1) published literature (searching nine bibliographic databases), (2) unpublished (grey) literature, including research, audit, evaluation and policy documents (derived from Google Scholar, website searches and e-thesis databases), (3) expertise contributed by service user and health professional stakeholder groups (n=20–35) and (4) key informant interviews (n=12). Included papers will consist of any study design, in English and from 2010 onwards. The review will follow the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis Evolving Standards quality procedures and reporting guidance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ethics Committee (FMHS 426–1221). Informed consent will be obtained for all key informant interviews. Findings will be disseminated in a range of formats relevant to different audiences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021288702.
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Wilson, Amy M., and Mark S. Zaleskiewicz. "OUTCOMES OF ARM ERGOMETRY FOR PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY DIASEASE: A CLINICAL PROTOCOL." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 19, no. 5 (September 1999): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199909000-00062.

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Pedrosa, Sabrina, Eduardo B. Sousa, Fernanda Chabalgoity, Antonio Claudio L. Nobrega, and Renata RT Castro. "Should Arm Exercise Test Follow The Traditional 8-12 Minutes Ramp Protocol?" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000354667.22027.f2.

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Gao, Tianlei, Houjin Chen, Jupeng Li, Xin Chen, and Yahui Peng. "Bandwidth analysis of IEEE 802.11AC protocol on ARM platforms: Potential influencing factors." Procedia Computer Science 111 (2017): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.024.

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Kumar, Shiu, and Seong Ro Lee. "A Simple and Efficient Wireless Control Protocol for Small Scale Robotic Arm." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 7, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2014.7.5.13.

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Cheng, Shan Ying, and Xue Mei Zhou. "Driver of CAN BUS Based on ARM Cortex-M3." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1135.

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This paper designed and implemented a driver of CAN bus based ARM Cortex-M3. Combined with CAN bus technology, the paper introduces the hardware design based on STM32F205, a latest 32 bits microchip and CAN transceiver SN65HVD232. The design of CAN communication protocol and the program of software are described. The relevant key technology such as initialization, interrupt and data structure are illuminated. Experiments have verified the CAN bus driver is feasible, stabile and reliable.
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Hua, Zhu Peng, and Hou Xiao Fang. "The Research and Design on the Monitoring Platform Based on the Internet of Things." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2240.

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Multiple sensors with ZigBee wireless communication module composed of environmental monitoring network platform. With ZigBee server/gateway support, this platform could achieve the connection to the Internet, remote monitor temperature, humidity, smoke, noise, etc. through the Internet network, and achieve ZigBee LAN monitoring and status display. The main contents of this paper are as follows : 1the analysis of ZigBee protocol stack layers of protocol network routing protocols, network topology , etc. 2the research of networking in the form of ZigBee, to build the ZigBee network with a star network topology. 3research ARM platform, understand the Linux operating system, and build embedded Web server. Meanwhile, ZigBee server hardware and software platform is built on this ARM platform, porting ZigBee transceiver modules to realize the ZigBee-based wireless gateway. 4the research of checking buildings , humidity, smoke , noise, heat hydroelectric and other states which need to be monitored remotely through servers.
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Phillips, Todd C., Sean S. Kohles, John F. Orwin, Lori Thein Brody, Ronald P. McCabe, and Ray Vanderby. "Instrumentation to Quantify Exercise Using an Impulse Inertial System." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 16, no. 1 (February 2000): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.16.1.60.

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An impulse-momentum exercise system was instrumented for collection of kinematic and kinetic data during shoulder exercise. The objective of this study was to quantify the dynamics of an exercise system that utilizes a weighted shuttle (22.2 N) traveling on a rail system and evaluate its efficacy as an exercise and rehabilitative tool. Two healthy adults (mean age. 30.0 years) were tested utilizing 2 protocols. The first protocol required the subject to maintain tension in the system while externally rotating the upper arm from neutral to 90° relative to the shoulder and then internally rotating back to the initial position. In me second protocol, the range of motion was similar, but each subject was instructed to carry out the exercise as rapidly as possible without regard to the tension in the rope, thus creating an impulsive load. Average peak loads up to 87.9 and 137.0 N were recorded using the first and second protocols. respectively. Average maximum loads using the second protocol were approximately 50 N greater than those using the first protocol (p < .05). Representative calculations demonstrated that less mechanical work was performed during the first protocol (−3.8 to −45.9%). Qualitatively the shuttle acceleration curves appear dramatically different, although similar average peak accelerations are achieved during use (4.12 vs. 3.47 m/s2, protocol I vs. protocol 2, respectively).
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Andres, Jade, Paul J. Painter, Gary McIlvain, and Mark K. Timmons. "The Effect of Repeated Shoulder Motion on Scapular Dyskinesis in Army ROTC Cadets." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (November 30, 2019): e811-e817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz408.

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Abstract Introduction Altered or abnormal scapular motion has been associated with increased shoulder pain and dysfunction. Fatigue of the scapular stabilizing muscles resulting from repeated arm motion has been reported to alter scapular kinematics, which could result in the clinical assessment of scapular dyskinesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of repeated arm motion on the development of scapular dyskinesis. The hypothesis was that repeated arm motion will induce a subtle or obvious scapular dyskinesis. Materials and Methods About 30 army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets participated in the research study. The cadets level of shoulder function was determined using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand and Pennsylvania Shoulder Score shoulder scores. Cadets performed an exercise protocol of 30 repetitions of weighted shoulder motion in the frontal plane. Shoulder and scapular musculature strength measurements were recorded prior to and immediately following the exercise protocol using hand-held dynamometry. The scapular dyskinesis test was performed prior to the exercise protocol and during the last five repetitions of the exercise protocol. Results Prior to the exercise, protocol 3/30 were categorized with scapular dyskinesis on the left side and 3/30 were categorized with scapular dyskinesis on their right side. Following the exercise, protocol 8/30 were categorized with left-side scapular dyskinesis (χ2 = 9.167, P = 0.002) and 6/30 with right-side dyskinesis (χ2 = 4.537, P = 0.033). Shoulder strength decreased following the exercise protocol for all participants. The participants that developed scapular dyskinesis were weaker than those with normal scapular motion. However, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Participants graded with obvious scapular dyskinesis following the exercise protocol reported higher Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand scores (P = 0.04) and lower scores on the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (P = 0.005). Conclusions Repeated shoulder motion increased the frequency of scapular dyskinesis in army ROTC cadets. The cadets that developed scapular dyskinesis also reported greater disability and lower function of the upper extremity. The results provide a link between scapular dyskinesis, upper extremity function, and the strength of the scapular stabilizing muscles. Improving the strength of the scapular stabilizing musculature might reduce the effects of repeated arm motions.
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Bora, Gamze, Şulenur Subaşı-Yıldız, Ayşe Yeşbek-Kaymaz, Numan Bulut, İpek Alemdaroğlu, Öznur Tunca-Yılmaz, Haluk Topaloğlu, Aynur Ayşe Karaduman, and Hayat Erdem-Yurter. "Effects of Arm Cycling Exercise in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II Patients: A Pilot Study." Journal of Child Neurology 33, no. 3 (January 12, 2018): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073817750500.

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Exercise studies in neuromuscular diseases like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a devastating disease caused by survival of motor neuron 1 ( SMN1) gene mutations, are drawing attention due to its beneficial effects. In this study, we presented a constructed arm cycling exercise protocol and evaluated the benefits on SMA patients. Five SMA type II patients performed 12 weeks of supervised arm cycling exercise. The physical functions were evaluated together with the SMN2 copy numbers, SMN protein levels, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) and binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels. The active cycling distance and duration of patients significantly improved. Significant changes could not have detected either SMN or IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels in response to exercise. The findings demonstrated that the patients tolerated the exercise protocol and gained a benefit from arm cycling but benefits could not be associated with SMN2 copy number, SMN protein level, IGF1, or IGFBP3 levels.
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Li, Xin Li. "Implementation of USB in Embedded Systems Based on ARM Microprocessor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.883.

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S3C4510B is a cost-effective 16/32 bit RISC microcontroller based on Ethernet application system, and ISP1161 is a chip which is designed to implement USB protocol in an embedded system. Here, we design and implement embedded systems USB with ISP1161 chip based on ARM microprocessor S3C4510B. This paper describes the basic working principle of ISP1161 chip and hardware design of the system, and presents the software implementation process of USB in embedded systems.
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Lu, Haidong, Stephen R. Cole, H. Irene Hall, Enrique F. Schisterman, Tiffany L. Breger, Jessie K Edwards, and Daniel Westreich. "Generalizing the per-protocol treatment effect: The case of ACTG A5095." Clinical Trials 16, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774518806311.

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Background Intention-to-treat comparisons of randomized trials provide asymptotically consistent estimators of the effect of treatment assignment, without regard to compliance. However, decision makers often wish to know the effect of a per-protocol comparison. Moreover, decision makers may also wish to know the effect of treatment assignment or treatment protocol in a user-specified target population other than the sample in which the trial was fielded. Here, we aimed to generalize results from the ACTG A5095 trial to the US recently HIV-diagnosed target population. Methods We first replicated the published conventional intention-to-treat estimate (2-year risk difference and hazard ratio) comparing a four-drug antiretroviral regimen to a three-drug regimen in the A5095 trial. We then estimated the intention-to-treat effect that accounted for informative dropout and the per-protocol effect that additionally accounted for protocol deviations by constructing inverse probability weights. Furthermore, we employed inverse odds of sampling weights to generalize both intention-to-treat and per-protocol effects to a target population comprising US individuals with HIV diagnosed during 2008–2014. Results Of 761 subjects in the analysis, 82 dropouts (36 in the three-drug arm and 46 in the four-drug arm) and 59 protocol deviations (25 in the three-drug arm and 34 in the four-drug arm) occurred during the first 2 years of follow-up. A total of 169 subjects incurred virologic failure or death. The 2-year risks were similar both in the trial and in the US HIV-diagnosed target population for estimates from the conventional intention-to-treat, dropout-weighted intention-to-treat, and per-protocol analyses. In the US target population, the 2-year conventional intention-to-treat risk difference (unit: %) for virologic failure or death comparing the four-drug arm to the three-drug arm was −0.4 (95% confidence interval: −6.2, 5.1), while the hazard ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 1.34); the 2-year risk difference was −0.9 (95% confidence interval: −6.9, 5.3) for the dropout-weighted intention-to-treat comparison (hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.32) and −0.7 (95% confidence interval: −6.7, 5.5) for the per-protocol comparison (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 1.34). Conclusion No benefit of four-drug antiretroviral regimen over three-drug regimen was found from the conventional intention-to-treat, dropout-weighted intention-to-treat or per-protocol estimates in the trial sample or target population.
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Al-Mousawi, Bushra J., Maanee A. H. Al-Azzam, Balsam Al-Zahawi, and Hayder A. Fawzi. "Agonist Versus Antagonist in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: Which Is the Best?" International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2020.46.

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Objectives: The comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist against GnRH antagonists regarding the pregnancy rate and effect of various predictors on pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study involved 189 women who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles and were divided into agonist (107 patients) and antagonist arm (82 patients) groups. The chemical and clinical pregnancy rate was the main outcome and the other outcomes included the number and quality of oocyte measurement and pregnancy outcomes. Results: Based on the results, the agonist protocol showed a higher rate of pregnancy (32.7%, 95% CI: 23.9-42.4%) compared to the antagonist protocol (22.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.6-32.5%) with the odds ratio (OR) of (95% CI) = 1.73 (0.89-3.35). The results further revealed that the count of retrieved oocytes, count of M2 oocytes, count of fertilized oocytes, count of embryos, and the fertilization percent out of total retrieved oocytes were higher in the agonist arm compared to the antagonist arm. In the multivariate analysis after adjusting for the confounders, the agonist protocol had higher odds of a successful pregnancy compared to the antagonist protocol by 57% (partial OR = 1.57, P value = 0.23). Conclusions: In general, the agonist protocol offers a favourable outcome in comparison to the antagonist arm, and there seems to be an intrinsic benefit for the agonist protocol, which is not explained by the higher number of transferred embryos.
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Reske, Stefan, Rainer Braunschweig, Andreas Reske, Reinhard Loose, and Michael Wucherer. "Whole-Body CT in Multiple Trauma Patients: Clinically Adapted Usage of Differently Weighted CT Protocols." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 190, no. 12 (November 12, 2018): 1141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0643-4553.

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Purpose Whole-body CT (wbCT) has been established as an internationally accepted diagnostic modality in multiple trauma. Until 2011, a uniform CT scanning protocol was used for all multiple trauma patients (pat.) at our hospital (OLD protocol = OP). In 2011, 2 new differently weighted protocols were introduced: TIME protocol (TP) for hemodynamically unstable pat. and DOSE protocol (DP) for pat. with stable vital parameters. The aim of this study was to compare the original “One-fits-all-concept” with the new, clinically oriented approach to wbCT. Materials and Methods This study retrospectively evaluated 3 distinct wbCT protocols, looking at automatic exposure control variation (AEC; OP/TP) and arm positioning close to the body/overhead (TP/DP). The analysis included waist circumference (WC, cm), injury severity score (ISS), examination time (ET, min), image noise (IN), and effective dose (E, mSv). Normality of distribution was assessed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data are given as median and range. Test of significance with Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney-U-test. Level of significance: 0.05. Results 308 pat. were included in the study (77 % m; age: 46 a, 18 – 90 a; WC: 93 cm, 66 – 145 cm). ISS was 14 (OP; n = 104; 0 – 75), 18 (TP; n = 102; 0 – 75) and 9 (DP; n = 102; 0 – 50). ET was 3.9 min (OP; 3.3 – 5.6 min), 4.1 min (TP; 2.8 – 7.2 min) and 7.7 min (DP; 6 – 10 min). IN showed no significant differences when comparing OP/TP but was significantly reduced in DP. For a wbCT (vertex to ischium), E could be reduced from 49.7 mSv to 35.4 mSv by optimizing AEC (OP/TP). Through the overhead repositioning of the arms in DP, a further reduction to 28.2 mSv was achieved. Conclusion AEC and arm repositioning have a crucial influence on image quality and dose. The presented clinical approach is superior to the original concept. Key Points: Citation Format
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Dudak, Juraj, Pavol Tanuska, Gabriel Gaspar, and Peter Fabo. "ARM-Based Universal 1-Wire Module Solution." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5268247.

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Sensory networks are part of a solution to monitor the required physical variables in the area of interest. Their type, the used communication protocol, plays an important role in the parameter of their complexity. One of the economical solutions is the usage of a 1-wire communication network that requires only 2 physical wires. The individual sensors or the nodes of the communication network are connected in parallel. The goal was to design and implement a universal low-power 1-wire bus module with a fully implemented 1-wire standard. As a platform for the development of such module, STM32-based microcontroller was chosen. The main advantage of this solution is the ability to utilize a sensor from a large variety of available sensors with a standardized communication interface. Our solution of the universal 1-wire module provides a single interface for sensors with different communication interfaces, while it still communicates with the standard 1-wire bus controller.
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Zhen, Xiao Qiong, Zhen Dong Yao, and Wen Bin Wang. "Scheme Design for Communication between Network Port and Serial Port Based on ARM." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.941.

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The data transmission scheme between a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) network port and a serial port based on an ARM embedded system is introduced in the paper. The data transmission between a personal computer (PC) and remote equipment through an Internet is realized. The structure of a hardware platform is simply introduced, the cutting and transplant of operating system, the communication program design of the network port and the serial port and the cross compiling between the two ports are introduced in detail. The AT91SAM9261 chip of ATMEL Corporation is employed as the embedded board of a kernel processor. The Redhat9 Linux operating system is employed as a software development platform, an ARM-Linux operating system is employed as a program operation platform and the kernel version is Linux-2.6.2. The C program is used and an ARM-Linux-GNU tool chain is used for the cross compiling. The experimental result proves that the real-time, parallel full duplex data transmission between the network port and the serial port is realized by the scheme provided in the paper.
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Mercer, Stephen E., and Pamela J. H. Beehler. "An incremental brake force protocol for arm crank anaerobic testing of wheelchair athletes." Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation 10, no. 2 (January 2001): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438620109512102.

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van Lieshout, E. C. C., J. M. A. Visser-Meily, H. B. van der Worp, S. F. W. Neggers, and R. M. Dijkhuizen. "Brain-stimulation for arm recovery after stroke - protocol for a randomised clinical trial." Brain Stimulation 10, no. 2 (March 2017): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.079.

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Ammann, Fabian, Matheo Käch, Anneke Hertig-Godeschalk, and Claudio Perret. "The effects of eccentric arm crank training - A pilot study." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss020.

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Background Strength training plays an important role in a holistic training approach, not only for athletes but also for patients looking to (re)gain strength during rehabilitation. In the past few years, eccentric strength training has received increased attention as this type of training increases muscle strength more than conventional training methods (Douglas et al., 2017). Since eccentric strength training includes higher levels of mechanical tension and leads to greater exercise-induced muscle damage compared to concentric training, the training protocol should be implemented with caution and effects may appear after a longer recovery period (Douglas et al., 2017). Whereas lower body training has been studied extensively, only little data is available regarding eccentric strength training for the upper body, particularly in either wheelchair athletes or individuals with a spinal cord injury. We wanted to investigate if strength training on a specially designed eccentric arm crank ergometer (Krafttraining mittels exzentrischer Handkurbel, KREHA) can improve performance as well as the maximum strength of the upper body. In this pilot study, we investigated the feasibility of the training protocol in healthy individuals. Methods Thirteen healthy, physically active and strength training experienced participants (median [interquartile range] age 29 [5] years, nine women) participated in the study. The participants followed the eccentric arm crank training protocol besides their usual daily training routine. The performance tests and training at the KREHA were familiarized one week before the pretests (Pre) took place. The test battery consisted of a bench press (one-repetition maximum [1RM]), a Wingate test (peak and mean power) and a VO2max test (Wmax) on a regular arm crank ergometer, as well as grip strength and an upper arm circumference measurement. The training protocol consisted of 20 progressive training sessions on the KREHA. The training sessions were planned based on individual peak power using a double progression method for duration and intensity, and lasted between 8 to 14 minutes at an intensity of 20-50% of peak power. The sessions were spread over a maximum of 12 weeks, with no more than three sessions per week. Posttests consisted of the same test battery as the pretests and were scheduled 5-11 days (Post1) respectively four weeks (Post2) after the last training. Results The 1RM (39 [18] to 44 [18] kg), peak power (357 [143] to (360 [154] W) and mean power (263 [108] to 274 [135] W) improved over the training duration (Pre-Post1, p < 0.05). Likewise, the upper arm circumference increased from 28.4 (3.5) to 29.5 (4.0) cm (p < 0.05). 1RM, peak power and mean power remained higher four weeks after the last training (Pre vs. Post2, p < 0.05). Grip strength remained similar at all time points (p = 0.2). Conclusions Participants were able to improve their aerobic and anaerobic performance between 1-4% as well as the maximum strength of the upper body by 13% through eccentric arm-crank training. In two future studies, the training concept will be investigated in wheelchair athletes and patients with a spinal cord injury.
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Yang, Guang You, Zhi Jian Ye, Shuang Qing Zhang, and Wan Xu. "Research and Implementations of the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol Based on ARM-Linux." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1492.

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The clock synchronization is the key technology in distributed control system. This paper investigates the method to adjust computer clock frequency and time in embedded control system based on Ethernet. This paper also analyses the basic working principle of the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol. In particular, it outlines the working principle of the free PTPd that is the software only implementations of the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol. In the ARM-Linux environment, it presents a clock synchronization method to achieve high precise clock synchronization in distributed control system using PTPd. The results indicate that it is able to synchronize distributed clocks with the accuracy less than 500 microseconds using PTPd without the support of specialized hardware.
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Liu, Wei Dong, Xiang Yu Li, and Li'e Gao. "Design of a Gateway for Remotely Underwater Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 2138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.2138.

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A gateway based on ARM is presented to achieve mutil-protocol conversion among different electronic control units. To guarantee its real-time ability and stability, the μC/OS-II embedded operation system was adopted. The first-in-first-out data queue is used to balance the communication rate among the different communication protocols which consist of the Controller Area Network, TCP/IP and RS-232. The gateway can be used in remotely manipulation between the console with Ethernet and remote underwater vehicle with other serial communication protocols.
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SuparnaKanti, Pal, Das Sumana Maiti, S. Neena Prasad, Gupta Kunal Kishor, and Siddhartha Basu. "A comparative study to evaluate the feasibilityand efficacy of use of mehendi vs temporary pen markings for skin marking in patients undergoing conventional external beam radiotherapy with Cobalt 60 machine." Biomedicine 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i1.546.

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Introduction and Aim: The most common practice for marking the radiation field borders in conventional radiotherapy is with marker pens. In the hot and humid environment in India these markings rapidly fade and require remarking. In some cases, they require re-simulation and re-planning. Mehndi has been used in India for ceremonial marking on skin for long. Here we seek to evaluate the same for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two patients with no history of hyper-sensitivity to mehendi were scheduled to be analyzed on per protocol treatment basis, with 41 in each arm. Subjects were randomized by lottery method till the target number in one of the arms is reached. Since one subject in each arm had not received the per protocol management due to default, two more subjects were included and randomized. The minimum duration of treatment was 5 weeks. Markings were done either with mehndi cones (Arm A) or conventionally used Skin marking pens. They were repeated as per requirements. The number of application and gap between them were recorded. The data was later analyzed with SPSS v23 for frequencies, independent sample T test, including Mann-Whitney test. The analysis was per protocol. Results: No incidence of hypersensitivity to mehendi occurred.The mean and median number of applications was significantly less in the Mehndi arm compared to control arm (median being 2 in mehndi arm compared to 4 in Pen arm). The median gap between applications and each application was also significantly lower in the Mehndi arm (11.5 days vs 7.25 days). There was no significant difference with visualization. The comfort level of the technologists, consultants and patients were better with Mehndi than with pen arm on Likert scale. Conclusion: Mehndi is more durable than the pen marking it is equally visible for health care professionals and more comfortable to patients. The skin tone of our patients did not pose any challenge in visualization during set up either in ambient lighting or with lasers.
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Lee, Fu-Shin, Chen-I. Lin, Zhi-Yu Chen, and Ru-Xiao Yang. "Development of a control architecture for a parallel three-axis robotic arm mechanism using CANopen communication protocol." Concurrent Engineering 29, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x211001956.

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Based upon the CANopen communication protocol and the LabVIEW graphic programing procedures, this paper develops a closed-loop control architecture for a parallel three-axis (Delta) robotic arm mechanism. The accomplishments include prototyping a parallel three-axis robotic arm mechanism, assembling servomotors with associated encoders and gearsets, coding CANopen communication scripts for servomotor controllers and a host supervision GUI, coding forward/inverse kinematics scripts to compute the required servomotor rotations and the coordinates of a movable platform or the mechanism, coding tracking error compensation scripts for effective closed-loop griper control, and coding integration scripts to command and supervise the mechanism motion on the LabVIEW-based host GUI. During the development stage, this research designed and prototyped the parallel three-axis robotic arm mechanism based upon basic Delta robot kinematics. To control the mechanism effectively and accurately, this study implemented the CANopen communication protocol, which characterizes high speed and stable transmission. The protocol applies to the CANopen communication channels among the controllers and the host supervision GUI. On the LabVIEW development platform, the coded supervision GUI performs issuing/receiving messages to the CANopen-based controllers. The controllers excite the servomotors and actuate the parallel mechanism to track prescribed trajectories in a closed-loop control fashion. Meanwhile, an electromagnet attached to the movable platform of the robotic mechanism performs satisfactory picking/placing object actions.
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Tai, Cheng-Chi, Jia-Ren Chang Chien, Cheng-Yu Wang, Lung-Chi Chen, Chia-Hung Chou, and Gone-Long Wu. "INFANT MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON ARM EMBEDDED PLATFORM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 20, no. 05 (October 2008): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237208000878.

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Since both the parents need to work and look after their babies/infants simultaneously, the families bear more workload. Thus, this paper presents an innovative infant monitoring system consisting of an embedded system platform with a Linux kernel embedded operation system using the TCP/IP protocol, a CMOS image sensor, and peripheral control systems. The key feature of the system is that it can be used to monitor the living environment and the activities of the babies and/or infants through a web browser at any time from any place in the world. In order to increase the accuracy of the temperature sensor, the measured values from the digital temperature sensor were calibrated using regression analysis methods, resulting in an accuracy of ± 0.1°C, a correlation coefficient of 0.996, and a standard deviation of 0.124. The experimental results show that the proposed concept and the resulting system are feasible.
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Kagami, Hideaki, Minoru Inoue, Hideki Agata, Izumi Asahina, Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue, Masataka Taguri, and Arinobu Tojo. "A Clinical Study of Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering Using Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells: Effect of Optimized Cell-Processing Protocol on Efficacy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 7328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247328.

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(1) Objectives: The effect of cell-processing protocols on the clinical efficacy of bone tissue engineering is not well-known. To maximize efficacy, we optimized the cell-processing protocol for bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for bone tissue engineering. In this study, the efficacy of bone tissue engineering using this modified protocol was compared to that of the original protocol. (2) Materials and Methods: This single-arm clinical study included 15 patients. Cells were obtained from bone marrow aspirates and expanded in culture flasks containing basic fibroblast growth factor. The cells were seeded onto β-tricalcium phosphate granules and induced into osteogenic cells for two weeks. Then, the cell–scaffold composites were transplanted into patients with severe atrophic alveolar bone. Radiographic evaluations and bone biopsies were performed. The results were compared with those of a previous clinical study that used the original protocol. (3) Results: Panoramic X-ray and computed tomography showed bone regeneration at the transplantation site in all cases. The average bone area in the biopsy samples at 4 months was 44.0%, which was comparable to that in a previous clinical study at 6 months (41.9%) but with much less deviation. No side effects related to cell transplantation were observed. In regenerated bone, 100% of the implants were integrated. (4) Conclusions: Compared to the original protocol, the non-inferiority of this protocol was proven. The introduction of an optimized cell-processing protocol resulted in a comparable quality of regenerated bone, with less fluctuation. Optimized cell-processing protocols may contribute to stable bone regeneration.
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