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Kivi, Pertti. "Käden ja kyynärvarren rasitussairaudet olkaluun epikondyliitin sekä käden ja kyynärvarren tenosynoviitin ja peritendiniitin kliininen ja työlääketieteellinen tutkimus /." Tampere : Tampereen yliopisto, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15507116.html.
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Jönsson, Björn. "On leg ischaemia : aspects on epidemiology and diagnostics /." Linköping : Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/med884s.pdf.
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Eriksson, Helena, and Kristina Lundin. "Hand- och armbesvär hos vibrationsexponerade kyrkvaktmästare." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35457.
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SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund En del av företagssköterskans arbetsuppgifter är att arbeta förebyggande och se olika typer av problematik som finns hos arbetstagare och arbetsgivare. Omvårdnad av människan ska stå i fokus och rikta sig mot arbetslivet där en säker och god omvårdnad ges (SOU 2011:63). Vibrationsexponering av händer och åtföljande effekter utgör ett betydande arbetsmedicinskt problem där kyrkvaktmästare utgör en exponerad yrkesgrupp. Syfte Syftet med studien var att kartlägga besvär i händer och armar hos kyrkvaktmästare och deras kunskaper kring riskerna med vibrationsexponering. Metod 50 kyrkvaktmästare besvarande två enkäter, en om symtom och en om arbetsmiljö vid vibrationsexponering av handhållna verktyg och dess risker och skador. Resultatet presenterades som deskriptiva data. Resultat Köldkänsla 40 %, vita fingrar 38 % och kramp 38 % var de vanligaste symtomen. Symtom var vanligare bland dem som arbetat minst 10 år i vibrations exponerade arbete. De hade lite kunskap om riskerna med arbetet. Ingen av kyrkvaktmästarna hade blivit erbjuden medicinsk kontoroll enligt Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter. Slutsats Symtom var vanligt förekommande, om medicinska kontroller hade utförts skulle symtomen förmodligen ha upptäcks i ett tidigare skede och inneburit att deras lidande kunde ha minskat. Den medicinska kontrollen hade även inneburit att arbetsgivaren tagit sitt arbetsmiljöansvar för att minimera vibrationsexponeringen (AFS 2005:15). En viktig del i företagssköterskans preventiva arbete är att informera arbetsgivaren om dennes ansvar vid vibrations exponerade arbete och arbetstagarna om riskerna. Nyckelord: hand- arm vibration, riskfaktorer, yrkessjukdomar, yrkesmässig exponering, kyrkvaktmästareABSTRACT Background Part of the company nurse's work is to work proactively and identify different types of problems among workers and employers. Nursing of man should be the focus and target the workplace where a safe and good nursing care is provided (SOU 2011:63). Vibration exposure of hands and concomitant effects represent a significant work related problem with care takers from an exposed profession. Aim The aim of the study was to identify hand and arm symptoms in vibration exposure with care takers and their knowledge of the risks associated with vibration exposure. Method Fifty care takers answered two questionnaires, one about symptoms and one about the work environment and vibration exposure of the hand-held tools and its risks and injuries. The results were presented as descriptive data. Results Sensation of cold (40%), white fingers (38%) and cramp (38%) were the most common symptoms. Symptoms were more common among those who had worked at least ten (10) years in vibration exposed work. They had little knowledge of the risks associated with vibration exposure. None of the care takers had been offered medical examination according to the regulation. Conclusion Symptoms were common among care takers; if medical examinations had been carried out the symptoms would probably have been detected at an earlier stage and meant that their suffering could have been reduced. The medical examinations had also meant that the employer would have taken the safety responsibilities to minimize vibration exposure (AFS 2005:15). An important part of the job of the company nurse is to inform the employer of his responsibility for vibration exposure and the workers about the risks. Keywords: hand-arm vibration, risk factors, occupational diseases, occupational exposure, care takers.
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Burns, Fulencia Naomi. "Wholebody and hand-arm vibration : quantifying the risk of exposure to human vibration at Rössing Uranium Ltd, Namibia." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/793.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2004AIM &; OBJECTIVES: a) To quantify human vibration exposnres among the various similar occupational groups present on the mine, b) To determine the degree of vibration risk posed onto the mineworkers and c) To recommend and implement a sustainable human vibration management control progranune. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was carried out on 135 mine workers employed in various similar occupational groups at Rossing Uranium mine, Namibia Data acquisition originated from a multi-stage proportionally stratified random sampling technique. An approved Human Vibration measuring instrument was utilized to measure Hand-arm and Wholebcdy vibration exposure levels [Aeq (m/s2 )] prevalent among the similar exposure groups. A structured questionnaire, developed specifically for the actual work environment enabled the collection of information such as work history, type of vibration exposure, exposure duration and vibration symptoms. Furthermore, group specific results [A(8)] were computed by means of the latest internationally accepted Health & Safety Executive Vibration calculators. In addition, statistical analyses were performed in order to establish the occupational groups that are at increased risk for the development of hand-arm and wholebody vibration induced health disorders.
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Cracchiolo, Jennifer R. "Dissecting out the contribution of cognitive, social, and physical activities to environmental enrichment's ability to protect Alzheimer's mice against cognitive impairment." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001262.
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Björ, Bodil. "Myocardial infarction and cardiac regulation in relation to vibration exposure /." Umeå : Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1903.
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Dunn, Scott E. "Vibration level characterization from a needle gun used on U.S. naval vessels." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001702.
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Nicholas, Rena A. "Workstyle intervention for the prevention of work-related upper extremity problems : a randomized controlled trial /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Nicholas2005.pdf.
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Chan, Chi-wing Martin. "Is bilateral isokinematic training (BIT) more effective than unilateral limb training in improving the hemiplegic upper-limb function /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30469697.
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Thompson, Elizabeth Diane. "Improving Walking in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease Through Wearable Technology." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/597154.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Movement problems related to Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been shown to have a profound effect on functional independence and reported quality of life. Within the constellation of movement signs of PD (tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia/hypokinesia, and postural instability), impaired arm swing is often the earliest-recognized symptom. It is also a strong independent predictor of greater fall risk and morbidity/mortality risk. Early treatment for movement problems such as impaired arm swing is associated with the greatest improvement in these impairments. However, movement problems often coincide with impaired processing of sensory information, leaving many people with PD with inadequate awareness of their posture and limb position. Thus, PD-related gait deficits are difficult for people to correct by themselves. External cueing techniques (such as visual cues in the environment or auditory cues for pacing and rhythm) have shown promise in improving parameters such as gait speed, s
Temple University--Theses
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Leung, Lai-king. "Are health-education programmes effective in improving knowledge of and compliance with non-pharmacological measures against mosquito-borne disease?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40721073.
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Siragy, Tarique. "The Role of Arm Swing on Dynamic Stability in People with Parkinson’s Disease." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41997.
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Introduction: Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease is a multisystem neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by asymmetric impairment in regions of the midbrain, forebrain, and brainstem. Of the known neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s is the second most commonly diagnosed worldwide with a global prevalence expected to reach 9 million individuals by 2030. As fall rates range between 35-68% annually, falling during walking is amongst the primary concerns for this demographic. Interestingly, despite the close association between loss of arm swing (due to Parkinson’s Disease) and future falls, evidence to-date has not examined the effect different arm swing conditions have on walking stability during unperturbed and perturbed (cognitive and mechanical) conditions. Dynamic stability research in this demographic is further limited in that evidence examining differences between the least and most affected leg is sparse.
Research Objectives: To examine the differences between natural arm swing (unrestricted) and when arm swing was physical restricted (restricted) in people with Parkinson’s Disease. The effect of arm swing was assessed when people with Parkinson’s Disease walked in steady-state, dual-task, destabilizing terrains as well as in response to slips. Additionally, this thesis examined differences between the least and most affected sides, during the aforementioned conditions, that stem from the asymmetric progression in Parkinson’s Disease.
Methods: Twenty individuals with Parkinson’s Disease were recruited for this research. Individuals walked on a CAREN-Extended System with unrestricted (natural) and restricted (absent) arm swing. Arm conditions were combined with steady-state walking, walking while performing a secondary dual-task, walking on minor destabilizing environments (hilly, rocky and mediolateral translational), and in response to slips for the heel-strikes of the perturbed (slipped) leg and recovery (contralateral) leg. The minor destabilizing terrains were assessed separately to steady-state walking for the arm swing condition resulting in three types of analyses (arms-rocky, arms-rolling hills, and arms-mediolateral). Data were processed in Vicon, Visual 3D, and OpenSim before being exported to Matlab to calculate dynamic stability (Margin of Stability, Harmonic Ratios and Coefficient of Variation), average spatiotemporal parameters, as well as trunk linear and angular velocities. Statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS with a significance level set a priori at (p<0.05).
Results: During unperturbed walking with the restricted arm swing condition, compared to unrestricted, average trunk angular velocity increased in the transverse plane while instantaneous linear velocity at heel-strike decreased in the sagittal plane. Further, on the least affected leg, the Margin of Stability increased, average step length decreased, and coefficient of variation for step length increased. Contrastingly, step time coefficient of variation increased in the most affected leg. In the presence of the dual-task, average angular velocity in the frontal plane increased, average step time decreased (most affected leg), and step width coefficient of variation increased (bilaterally). Compared to unrestricted arm swing, restricted arm swing reduced average step length (arm-rolling hills) and time (arm-rocky), and increased COV step time (arm-rolling hills). The arm-rolling hills analysis revealed that the most affected leg had a shorter step length than the least affected. The destabilizing surface effects revealed that during the arm-rolling hills and arm-rocky analyses step time decreased, step width increased, and the COV for step time, length and width increased. No main effects occurred for the arm-mediolateral analysis. Additionally, when comparing the arm swing conditions in response to a slip, the restricted arm swing condition, compared to unrestricted, caused a faster step time during the slipped step. Compared to the most affected leg, the least affected had a wider step width during the slipped step. During the recovery step, the least affected leg had a larger anteroposterior Margin of Stability and longer step time than the most affected.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that when people with Parkinson’s Disease walk without arm swing, trunk rotational velocity increases which internally perturbs gait. This destabilization elicited unique responses from dynamic stability metrics that were specific to the terrain encountered. Since Parkinson’s Disease primarily affects movement timing, the results suggest that loss of arm swing is particularly perturbing to foot placement timing while changes in spatial foot placement reflect compensation to maintain an existing level of global dynamic stability and symmetry. Additionally, the evidence indicates that the independent behavior of the least and most affected leg respond uniquely to loss of arm swing. However, as people with Parkinson’s Disease adjust the least affected leg’s foot placement to mirror the contralateral leg, functional interlimb differences may only be revealed when individuals encounter perturbations.
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Chand, Aarti. "Characterisation of the short arm of the X chromosome around Xp11.23." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260165.
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Milstone, Zachary J. "Histone Deacetylase 1 and 2 are Essential for Early Cardiac Development." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1014.
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Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, affecting approximately 1% of all live births each year. Although clinical interventions are improving, many affected infants do not survive to adulthood. Congenital cardiac defects originate from disturbances during development, making the study of mammalian cardiogenesis critical to improving outcomes for infants with congenital heart disease. Development of the mammalian heart involves epigenetically-driven specification and commitment of a diverse landscape of cardiac progenitors. Recent studies determined that chromatin modifying enzymes play a previously underappreciated role in the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects. This thesis investigates the functions of Hdac1 and Hdac2, highly homologous Class I histone deacetylases, during early murine cardiac development. We establish that Hdac1 and Hdac2 cooperatively regulate cardiogenesis in distinct cardiac progenitor populations during development. Together, our findings demonstrate that Hdac1 and Hdac2 are critical mediators of the earliest stages of mammalian cardiogenesis through a variety of spatiotemporally specific, redundant, and dose-sensitive roles and indicate they may play important roles in the pathogenesis of human congenital cardiac defects.
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Janaudis-Ferreira, Tania. "Strategies for exercise assessment and training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35565.
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Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only a common lung disease but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) helps optimize function and independence by increasing exercise capacity, reducing symptoms and improving health related quality of life (HRQL). Exercise training is certainly a key component of the PR programs; however, many of its aspects still need to be better defined such as optimal exercise assessment and training modality for these patients. The general purpose of this thesis was to generate new knowledge that could contribute to new strategies for exercise assessment and training in patients with COPD. Methods and results: This thesis is comprised of four independent studies. Thigh muscle strength, endurance and fatigue were compared between 42 patients with moderate to severe COPD and 53 healthy controls (Study I). Impaired thigh muscle strength and endurance in patients with COPD was found, except for muscle strength in knee extension in male patients. Female patients had higher fatigue index than female controls while no difference was found between male patients and controls. The six-minute walk test (6MWD) performed on a non-motorized treadmill (6MWD-T) was compared with the 6MWD performed in a corridor (6MWD-C) in 16 healthy elderly subjects (Study II). They performed twelve tests (six 6MWD-C and six 6MWD-T) on two different days in a randomized order. An average discrepancy was found between the two methods with the subjects walking a shorter distance on the non-motorized treadmill. However, the results showed good test-retest reliability between days and test repetitions. A systematic review (Study III) was done of studies that investigated the effects of an arm training program in patients with COPD. The findings of this review indicated that there is evidence that an arm training program improves arm exercise capacity, but its effects on dyspnea, arm fatigue and healthy-related quality of life is unclear. Finally, a two-armed randomized controlled trial examined the effects of an arm training program on arm function, arm exercise capacity, muscle strength, symptoms and HRQL in patients with COPD (Study IV). The groups were randomized to arm training or sham. Compared with the changes observed in the control group, the magnitude of change in the intervention group was greater for arm function, arm exercise capacity and muscle strength. There was no difference between groups in HRQL or symptoms. Conclusions: Upper extremity resistance training improves arm exercise capacity, arm function and muscle strength in patients with COPD. Training and assessment of upper and lower limb muscles should be included into PR programs. The 6MWD performed on a non-motorized treadmill may offer an alternative option to the standard 6MWD when a 30-meter corridor is not available.
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梁麗琼 and Lai-king Leung. "Are health-education programmes effective in improving knowledge of and compliance with non-pharmacological measures against mosquito-borne disease?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40721073.
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Li, Suiyang. "Identification of DNA markers which are associated with egg production traits and Marek's disease resistance in chickens." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35001.
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Production traits and disease resistance are believed to be under the control of many genes, i.e. quantitative trait loci (QTL). The objective of the present study was to establish a methodology for identifying DNA markers which are associated with QTL in chickens using an alternative approach to the traditional linkage analysis. A systematic screening approach was designed to search a chicken liver cDNA library for clones which revealed polymorphisms associated with traits. In the first stage of the experiment, a total of 92 cDNA clones were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. About 33% and 22% of the clones revealed DNA polymorphisms at MspI and TaqI restriction sites, respectively. Subsequently, DNA polymorphisms which responded to selection were identified by comparing RFLP frequencies in divergently selected strains of chickens. About 60% of the RFLPs responded to selection for egg production traits and/or Marek's disease (MD) resistance. Trait associations of these RFLPs were then studied by selectively genotyping individuals at the extremes of trait distributions, followed by an analysis of individuals in the entire population and statistical evaluation. Finally, RFLP regions of DNA markers were characterized and PCR assays for rapid RFLP screening were developed. DNA markers in two genes were identified and characterized by this methodology. One was a marker in the chicken mitochondrial genome which arose from a nucleotide substitution (T to C) in the NADH subunit IV gene. Statistical analysis for typing random individual samples from the strains showed that this DNA polymorphism was associated with mature body weight and egg specific gravity which is a strong indicator for egg shell thickness. Other analyzed markers were located in the chicken mitochondrial phospho-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M). Using the cDNA of this gene as a probe, southern blotting revealed a highly polymorphic band pattern. Statistical analy
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Hoffman, Lori A. "Disease Gene Mapping Under The Coalescent Model." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282058674.
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Kiwanuka, Kasalina N. "STAT5B AND STAT5 TETRAMERS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR IGE-MEDIATED MAST CELL FUNCTION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6093.
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Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) are latent transcription factors that mediate several cellular responses. This protein family consists of seven members, STAT1 – 6 including two closely related molecules, STAT5a and STAT5b, that show 96% amino acid sequence homology and are critical for lymphoid, myeloid and erythroid cell development and function. Activated STAT proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to high-affinity DNA motifs to modulate gene expression. We recently identified STAT5b as the critical regulator of IgE-mediated cytokine production in mast cells. STAT5b knockout (KO) cells show decreased sensitivity to IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis accompanied with decreased production of IL-6 and IL-13 compared to wild type counterparts. Interestingly, STAT5b KO mice demonstrated elevated levels of serum IgE but a normal response to histamine-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis. The current work demonstrates that STAT5b regulates mast cell function both in vivo and in vitro.
Additionally, activated STAT proteins can also form tetramers through an N-terminal domain-mediated oligomerization process when bound to low-affinity tandem motifs. Dr. Warren Leonard’s laboratory generated STAT5a-STAT5b double knock-in (DKI) mice in which STAT5 proteins are phosphorylated and can form dimers but not tetramers. We have now found that bone marrow-derived mast cells from STAT5 DKI mice are defective in IgE-induced cytokine and chemokine production and exhibit defective stem cell factor (SCF)-induced migration and survival responses in vitro. Similarly, IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis is decreased in STAT5 DKI mice. These data indicate that Stat5 tetramers are critical for some aspects of mast cell function in allergic and inflammatory disease.
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Anderson, Brian R. "The Biophysics of Titin in Cardiac Health and Disease." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319877.
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The giant protein titin is the third myofilament in the cardiac sarcomere. It is responsible for generating passive forces in stretched myocardium and maintaining sarcomere structure. The force generation properties of titin are determined by titin's elastic springlike elements, and this dissertation focuses on the determination of the physical properties of these springlike elements using atomic force microscopy. The primary project of this dissertation investigates the link between a single point mutation in one of titin's subdomains and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Pesola, Lauren E. "Parkinson's Disease: Are There Differences Among Measured & Perceived Function Between Stages of Disease." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1408758404.
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Reames, Steve. "Detecting the Presence of Disease by Unifying Two Methods of Remote Sensing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3120/.
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There is currently no effective tool available to quickly and economically measure a change in landmass in the setting of biomedical professionals and environmental specialists. The purpose of this study is to structure and demonstrate a statistical change-detection method using remotely sensed data that can detect the presence of an infectious land borne disease. Data sources included the Texas Department of Health database, which provided the types of infectious land borne diseases and indicated the geographical area to study. Methods of data collection included the gathering of images produced by digital orthophoto quadrangle and aerial videography and Landsat. Also, a method was developed to identify statistically the severity of changes of the landmass over a three-year period. Data analysis included using a unique statistical detection procedure to measure the severity of change in landmass when a disease was not present and when the disease was present. The statistical detection method was applied to two different remotely sensed platform types and again to two like remotely sensed platform types. The results indicated that when the statistical change detection method was used for two different types of remote sensing mediums (i.e.-digital orthophoto quadrangle and aerial videography), the results were negative due to skewed and unreliable data. However, when two like remote sensing mediums were used (i.e.- videography to videography and Landsat to Landsat) the results were positive and the data were reliable.
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Lund, Maja. "Are smokers more vulnerable considering disease severity inCOVID-19?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-85913.
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Background: COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic. As of 11 May 2020, there are 4 013 728confirmed cases and 278 993 deaths. Smoking has been named as one possible factor regardingillness progression and severity. Aim: The aim of this systematic literature review is to examine if smokers are more at riskconsidering disease severity. Methods: This is a systematic literature study using the PubMed database. Inclusion andexclusion criteria were specified by using the PICOS format. Free text words and MeSH wordswere combined to create a search plan. The search was conducted twice, 26 April 2020 and 12May 2020. Full text articles were examined for eligibility by using inclusion and exclusioncriteria. An estimation of bias was conducted by using the MINORS criteria. Result: A total of seven articles were included. Of those, 5 reported a statistically significantrelationship between smoking and disease progression or death. Of these, 4 articles foundstatistical significance when correcting for confounders (hypertension, COPD, ischemic heartdisease, cardiac insufficiency). Conclusions: The result of this systematic literature review suggests that smoking enhancesthe severity of COVID-19. Due to the limited number of patients combined with a narrowgeographic area being studied, more research is needed to further evaluate and establish therelationship between smoking and COVID-19.
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Heyns, I. C. "Mapping of chromosome arm 7DL of Triticum aestivum L." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1584.
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Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a serious insect pest of wheat and barley. It affects the quality and yield of grain by sucking plant sap from the newest growth whilst toxic substances are injected that destroy plant tissue. The Russian wheat aphid also acts as a vector of plant viruses. The cultivation of aphid resistant cultivars is the preferred control strategy and nine resistance genes, designated Dn1 to Dn9, have been identified. Another undesignated gene, Dnx, was found in the wheat accession PI220127. Mapping of the resistance genes relative to known markers will improve their use in breeding programs. The dominant RWA resistance gene, Dn5, was identified in the accession PI294994 and mapped to chromosome arm 7DL. However, recent reports have placed Dn5 on ...
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Marongiu, Andrea. "Arc welding and the risk of airways and cardiovascular diseases : WELSHIP study." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/54456.
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Globally there are around 10 million workers who routinely weld and are exposed to a metal fume aerosol of small particles of largely metal oxides and gases. Their medium- and long-term cardiorespiratory risks are incompletely understood. This thesis describes a programme of novel research carried out in a large Middle Eastern shipyard. Four studies were completed. First, a systematic review of published cross-sectional surveys (N: 38) in welders were identified; a meta-analyses of 34 publications showed a clear excess of asthma (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.14, 2.37) and chronic bronchitis (OR 1.92; 1.50, 2.45) that could not be explained by smoking. In contrast, there was remarkably, little summary evidence of deficits in lung function in welders. Second, a cross-sectional survey of shipyard workers (N: 529, response rate 93%) showed no evidence of any decrements in lung or cardiac function in welders but suggested that symptoms of respiratory infections in winter were more common in this group (OR 2.65; 1.22, 5.78) than in matched referent workers. Support for this novel finding came from the third study, of clinical records held by the yard’s medical centre over an eleven-year period (N: 15,954). Consultations for respiratory infections were 72% higher in welders compared to office workers; there was a clear exposure-response relationship across workers with different intensities of welding. The fourth study, of a panel of 50 shipyard workers (response rate 100%) suggested a small cross-shift decline in lung function and increase in arterial stiffness. These findings suggest, for the first time, that welders are susceptible to a wide range of respiratory infections. High quality, collaborative research in this setting is feasible; future studies could usefully examine in more detail – including microbiological - the relationship between welding fume exposure and respiratory infections. The potential health-benefits to the global community of welders are substantial.
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Chan, Chi-wing Martin, and 陳志榮. "Is bilateral isokinematic training (BIT) more effective than unilateral limb training in improving the hemiplegic upper-limbfunction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009909.
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Irvine, Amy. "Amyloid disease : are the oligomeric species a good therapeutic target?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20740/.
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Bhunthurat, Anurak. "The Vitamin B-6 Status of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500541/.
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The problem of this study is to determine the vitamin B-6 status of patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Erythrocyte aspartate transaminase assay was the method for measuring vitamin B-6 status. The vitamin B-6 status was examined in thirty subjects (ten COPD subjects and twenty control subjects). An unpaired t-test was used to compare the vitamin B-6 status of the COPD group versus the control group. Four determinants (percentage stimulation, ratio of basal to stimulated activity, basal activity, and stimulated activity) were used to determine vitamin B-6 status in both groups of subjects. Percentage stimulation and ratio of basal to stimulated activity were not significantly different (control group versus COPD group) at the .05 level. However, two of ten COPD subjects had values for percentage stimulation that were two standard deviations above the mean, indicating a poor B-6 status. In contrast, basal activity and stimulated activity of erythrocyte aspartate transaminase were found to be significantly lower at the .05 level in the COPD group than the control group. Therefore, the COPD subjects as a group had some biochemical characteristics of a lower level of vitamin B-6 than the controls.
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Oliveira, Patricia Gomes De. "Avalia??o de acessos de psidium spp. Visando resist?ncia a o nematoide Meloidogyne enterolobii e ? salinidade." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/572.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The world food production and the crop production has been affected by pests, insects, fungous, bacteria, viruses and nematodes and also by abiotic factors as water availability, soil salinity among others that affect several crops. The guava crop has important role in the economy, particularly in the family farming in Northeast Brazil especially in the irrigated crops of the Semiarid region. In this crop, Meloidogyne enterolobii, a gall nematode together with the Fusarium solani, cause a complex disease that make unviable several production areas. Besides these problems, the irrigated areas are prone to soil salinity that can also affect the crop. Thus, the search for genotypes in the genus Psidium to be used as resistant rootstock to these stresses or to be used in breeding programs that are devoted to obtain clones that allow the commercial production of guava in the country. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the reaction of Psidium spp. accessions to different doses of inoculum and also to evaluate the effect of osmoconditioning of Psidium guineense to saline stress. The first trial was carried out in a completely randomized bloc with eight replications. The accessions were inoculated with three inoculum densities (600, 1600 and 2000 eggs/mL) and they were evaluated 135 days after inoculation. The second trial was carried out in a completely randomized block with 25 seeds per replication, using osmoconditionated and not osmoconditionated seeds. It was found genetic variability among and within the accessions to reaction to M. enterolobii. Different inoculum densities can affect, in a differential way, the reproduction rate of the nematode in the root system of each plant and, thus, to make it difficult to identify the reaction of plants to the nematode M. enterolobii. Different electric conductivities affected the seeds regarding all variables evaluated in osmoconditionated and non condicionated seeds. The osmoconditioning can decrease the average and speed of seed germination of P. guineense in conditions of medium salinity level.
A produ??o mundial de alimentos e a produtividade agr?cola t?m sido bastante afetadas por agentes bi?ticos como pragas, insetos, fungos, bact?rias, v?rus e nematoides e tamb?m por fatores abi?ticos como a baixa disponibilidade h?drica, salinidade dos solos dentre outros afetando diversas culturas. A cultura da goiabeira tem importante papel na economia, com destaque para a agricultura familiar no Nordeste brasileiro, especialmente os cultivos irrigados do Semi?rido. Nessa cultura, Meloidogyne enterolobii, o nematoide-das-galhas da goiabeira, juntamente com Fusarium solani, causam doen?a complexa que tem inviabilizado muitas ?reas de produ??o. Al?m desses problemas, as ?reas irrigadas do Semi?rido s?o sujeitas a problemas de salinidade dos solos e que podem atingir tamb?m a cultura da goiabeira. Em vista disso, a busca, dentro do g?nero Psidium, por gen?tipos para uso direto como porta-enxertos resistentes a esses estresses ou para subsidiar programas de melhoramento gen?tico com vistas ? obten??o de clones que viabilizem a produ??o comercial da goiabeira, tornou-se a linha mais atual de alguns programas de pesquisa no Brasil. Assim o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a rea??o de acessos de Psidium spp. a diferentes densidades de in?culo e avaliar o efeito do osmocondicionamento de sementes de Psidium guineense submetidas ao estresse salino. O primeiro experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito repeti??es, onde os acessos foram inoculados com tr?s densidades de in?culo 600, 1600 e 2000 ovos/mL e avaliados 135 dias ap?s inocula??o. O segundo experimento foi em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 25 sementes por repeti??es utilizando sementes osmocondicionadas e n?o osmocondicionadas. Existe variabilidade entre e dentro dos acessos avaliados para rea??o a M. enterolobii. Diferentes densidades de in?culo podem afetar de modo diferenciado, a taxa de reprodu??o do nematoide no sistema radicular de cada planta e, assim, dificultar a identifica??o da rea??o das plantas ao nematoide. M. enterolobii. Diferentes condutividades el?tricas afetaram todas as vari?veis avaliadas em sementes osmocondicionadas e n?o osmocondicionadas. O osmocondicionamento pode diminuir o tempo m?dio e velocidade m?dia de germina??o de sementes de Psidium guineense em condi??es de mediana salinidade.
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Clawson, Tracy L. "Investigation of Reasons Children are Unvaccinated." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1336.
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Many communicable diseases can be prevented with the use of immunizations. The issue this study addressed was the use of vaccinations and the rise of continued preventable communicable disease. Researchers have recommended that children be vaccinated, a recommendation that is bolstered by the readily available supply of vaccinations worldwide. However, even with vaccine promotions, availability, and education, children continue to be unvaccinated and outbreaks have continued to occur. For this study, data will be collected from the Iowa Registry of Immunization Records and a local community health center pediatric clinic. Examples of data that will be collected are vaccine records, race, and language spoken. Also, data from questionnaires given to parents, caregivers, and medical staff will be obtained to discover their beliefs, misconceptions, and thoughts on vaccines. The sample size will be 35, with recruitment occurring when the parent brings a child into the clinic for a well child or sick visit. The questionnaires will be collected and analyzed by totaling the responses from a pre-existing Likert scale questionnaire.The purposes of the project are to (a) discuss with health care providers a project, that consists of reasons children are not vaccinated; (b) develop a plan to determine those reasons and how to educate parents, the community being served by this health care facility and health care staff on the importance of immunizations; (c) and promote vaccinations for the this community.
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Sanchez, Phyllis Nancy. "Psychiatric diagnosis vs medical diagnosis: Are mental health professionals aware?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184826.
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For years research has demonstrated a varying incidence of medical disorders manifesting with psychiatric symptoms. A relatively conservative estimate of such so called "medical masquerades" is around 10%. It is important to ascertain whether health care professionals are aware of possible medical masquerades perhaps most especially in a mental health center outpatient setting where non-medically trained clinicians are the first line therapists for treatment in the majority of cases. This study set about to find out how aware three types of health care clinicians (psychiatrists, nonpsychiatrically trained medical doctors, and non-medically trained mental health psychotherapists) are of the prevalence of medical masquerades, and whether these three types of clinicians perform differently on three types of clinical vignettes (psychiatric, somatoform, and medical masquerades). Results revealed that all health care professionals surveyed are aware that there are a percentage of medical masquerades in the clinical population. Results also revealed that the three types of clinicians performed differently on the case vignettes.
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Burgess, Carolyn E. "Sexual Function in Women Following Treatment for Cervical Dysplasia and Microinvasive Cervical Carcinoma." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331592/.
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One hundred women aged 20 to 50 were asked to compare their sexual experience before diagnosis and following treatment for benign and malignant cervical disease. The subjects were divided into five groups: three groups had definite cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), (Class II or III). Two groups were treated with cryotherapy, and one with hysterectomy. One group had a provisional diagnosis of CIN I, but received no treatment. Subjects in the last group had microinvasive cervical carcinoma and were also treated with hysterectomy. All subjects had ovarian function; all were sexually active at the time of treatment. They were interviewed at least six months post-cryotherapy and 15 months post-hysterectomy. All subjects completed a variant version of the Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory (DSFI).
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Donovan, Mark C. "Taking aim : target populations and the wars on drugs and AIDS /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10736.
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Paulson, Thomas A. W. "Supporting the prescription of exercise in spinal cord injured populations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13454.
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Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), participation in regular exercise can enhance physical capacity and performance in activities of daily living. With this in mind, the use of subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may provide an easy-to-administer alternative to traditional methods of regulating exercise intensity (e.g. heart rate and power output (PO)). A physically active lifestyle is also associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, in part because exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Examining the plasma response of inflammation-mediating chemical messengers, known as cytokines, to traditional and novel exercise modalities may help maximise the anti-inflammatory potential of regular exercise. Participants with a cervical level SCI successfully self-regulated a 20 min bout of moderate intensity wheelchair propulsion (Chapter three). No differences in physiological or PO responses were observed during the imposed-intensity and self-regulated wheelchair propulsion in the trained population group. In a non-SCI group of novice wheelchair-users, a differentiated RPE specific to the exercising muscle mass (RPEP) was the dominant perceptual signal during submaximal wheelchair propulsion (Chapter four). The novice group successfully self-regulated a 12 min bout of moderate intensity wheelchair propulsion, comprising of a discontinuous 3 x 4 min protocol, using differentiated RPEP. In contrast, a more accurate self-regulation of light intensity wheelchair propulsion was observed when employing traditional overall RPE compared to RPEP. Following strenuous wheelchair propulsion, plasma concentrations of the inflammation-mediating cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated in non-SCI and thoracic level SCI participants (Chapter five). Impaired sympathetic nervous system (SNS) function was associated with a reduced IL-6 response in participants with a cervical level SCI. The plasma IL-6 response to 30 min moderate intensity (60% VO2peak) arm-crank ergometry (ACE) was associated with an elevation in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) independent of SNS activation (Chapter six). Light intensity ACE resulted in a small, significant plasma IL-6 response but no IL-1ra response. The addition of functional electrical stimulation-evoked lower-limb cycling to concurrent hand cycling, termed hybrid exercise, resulted in a greater plasma IL-6 response compared to moderate intensity hand cycling alone in participants with a thoracic level SCI (Chapter seven).
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Kalra, Nitin. "Effect of posture on acromiohumeral distance with arm elevation in subjects with and without rotator cuff disease using ultrasonography." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1872.
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Objectives: To examine the effects of posture on subacromial (SA) space with arm elevation in patients with rotator cuff disease (RCD) and healthy subjects. Background: Poor posture has been linked to altered scapular mechanics, theorized to lead to excessive SA space narrowing. However, no study has examined the direct effects of posture on SA space using ultrasonography. We hypothesize that when compared to a neutral posture, upright posture will increase SA space and slouched posture will decrease SA space. Methods: Subjects with painful RCD (n=31) and healthy (n=29) shoulders participated. SA space was measured on ultrasound generated images using the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), which is the shortest distance between acromion and the humerus. Two trials each were collected in three postures of normal, slouched and upright posture with the arm at two angles of rest (0° elevation) and 45° abduction. Results: Two RMANOVAs for each arm angle compared the AHD across postures and groups. There was no interaction between group and posture, and no significant main effect of group for AHD. Groups were collapsed for further analysis. There was a significant main effect of posture on AHD at the 45° abduction (p = 0.0002); AHD increased significantly from normal (AHD= 8.63mm) to upright (AHD= 9.76mm) posture. Conclusion: The effect of posture on SA space is minimal; only upright posture increasing AHD over normal posture by 1.13mm, at 45° abduction position. Research is needed to determine the effects of posture on shoulder pain and posture interventions.
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Groenewald, Johannes Zacharias. "Tagging and mapping of prominent structural genes on chromosome arm 7DL of common wheat." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52474.
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Thesis (PhD (Agric)) -- Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chromosome arm 7DL of common wheat carries genes for agronomically important traits such as leaf rust, stem rust, Russian wheat aphid and eye spot resistance. Some of these genes occur on introgressed foreign chromatin, which restricts their utility in breeding. The 7DL genetic maps are poorly resolved, which seriously hampers attempts to manipulate the genes and introgressed regions in breeding. This dissertation represents an attempt to improve our knowledge of the relative map positions of three resistance genes that have significant potential for use in local breeding programmes. The leaf rust resistance gene, Lr19, is located on a Thinopyrum ponticum-derived translocation which occupies a large part of the terminal end of 7DL. The translocation also carries genes for less favourable traits such as yellow flour colour. Attempts have been made to reduce the size of the translocation through allosyndetic pairing induction; the primary aims being to remove deleterious genes and to minimise the amount of foreign chromatin associated with Lr19 so it can be recombined with other useful 7DL genes. Twenty-nine 'Indis'-derived Lr 19 deletion mutants were previously produced by gamma irradiation and a physical map was constructed. In this study, the set of mutant lines were further analysed using 144 Sse8387I/Msei and 32 EcoRI/Msel amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. The previous physical map, which was based on five restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and five structural gene loci, was extended and now includes 95 novel AFLP markers (86 Sse8387I/Msei and 9EcoRI!Msel markers), of which seven map close to Lr 19. Most of the deletions could be ordered according to size and the improved map has already been used to characterise shortened recombinant forms of the Lr 19 translocation. An unsuccessful attempt was made to convert one of the seven markers closest to Lr 19 into a sequence-specific marker. However, an AFLP marker located distally from Lr 19 was successfully converted into a sequence-specific marker in collaboration with other researchers. An attempt was also made to map and tag the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) resistance gene, Dn5. A doubled haploid mapping population consisting of 94 lines was created and typed for Dn5, four microsatellite loci and the endopeptidase locus, Ep-Dl. The Dn5 locus mapped 25.4 cM and 28.6 cM distally from Xg.vm111 and Xg.vm437, respectively, but was not linked to Xgwm428, Xgwm3 7 or Ep-Dl. Tagging of Dn5 was attempted by screening twelve homozygous resistant and seven homozygous susceptible F2 lines from a cross between 'Chinese Spring' and 'PI 294994' with 70 Sse8387IIi\1sei AFLP primer combinations. Only two potentially useful polymorphisms (one in coupling and one in repulsion phase) were identified. Conversion of the coupling phase marker to a sequence-specific marker was not successful. The eyespot resistance gene, Pchl , was derived from Triticum ventricosum and is present in the wheat VPM-1. Close association between Pchl and the endopeptidase Ep-Dlb allele has been reported previously. Pchl/Ep-Dl was tagged by screening ten wheat genotypes (each homozygous for the confirmed presence or absence of Pchl and/or Ep-Dl b) with 36 Sse83 87I/ Msei AFLP primer combinations. Three AFLP markers were closely associated with Pchl I Ep-D 1, one of which was targeted for conversion into a sequence-specific marker. The sequence-specific marker contained a microsatellite core motif and was found to be useful for tagging Pchl!Ep-Dl. A genetic distance of 2 cM was calculated between the novel microsatellite marker and Ep-Dl. The microsatellite marker was also polymorphic for the Lr 19 translocation and it was possible to map it between the Wsp-Dl and Sr25 loci. In this dissertation, mapping and/or tagging of three important resistance genes were achieved. Due to the fact that all markers used in these studies were not polymorphic between all of the targeted regions, it was not possible to fully integrate the data obtained for the three regions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Chromosoom arm 7DL van broodkoring dra gene vir agronomies-belangrike kenrnerke soos blaarroes, stamroes, Russiese koringluis en oogvlek weerstand. Sommige van hierdie gene kom voor in blokke spesie-verhaalde chromatien wat hul bruikbaarheid in teling beperk. Die genetiese kaarte van 7DL is swak ontwikkel en dit maak dit baie moeilik om hierdie gene en spesie-verhaalde streke tydens teling te manipuleer. Hierdie proefskrif verteenwoordig 'n paging om kennis van die relatiewe kaart liggings van drie weerstandsgene, met betekenisvolle potensiaal in plaaslike tee! programme, te verbreed. Die blaarroes weerstandsgeen, Lr 19, kom voor op 'n Thinopyrum ponticum-verhaalde translokasie wat 'n groot terminale gedeelte van 7DL beslaan. Die translokasie dra ook gene vir minder gewensde kenrnerke soos gee! meelkleur. Pogings is aangewend om die translokasie deur homoeoloe parings-induksie te verkort. Die doe! was om nadelige gene te verplaas en die hoeveelheid vreemde chromatien geassosieer met Lr 19 te minimiseer sodat dit met ander nuttige gene op 7DL gerekombineer kan word. Nege-en-twintig 'Indis'-verhaalde Lr 19 delesie mutante is vroeer met gamma bestraling geproduseer en gebruik om 'n fisiese kaart op te stel. Teenswoordig is die stel mutante verder ontleed met behulp van 144 Sse8387I!Msei en 32 EcoRII Msel amplifikasie-fragment-lengte-polimorfisme (AFLP) inleier kombinasies. Die bestaande fisiese kaart, wat gebaseer was op vyf restriksie-fragment-lengte-polimorfisme (RFLP) merkers en vyf strukturele geen loki, is uitgebrei en sluit nou 95 unieke AFLP merkers (86 Sse8387I/Msel en 9EcoRI/Msel merkers) in, waarvan sewe naby aan Lr19 karteer. Die meeste van die delesies kon op grond van hulle grootte gegroepeer word en die verbeterde fisiese kaart is alreeds gebruik om verkorte rekombinante vorms van die Lr 19 translokasie te karakteriseer. 'n Onsuksesvolle paging is aangewend om een van die sewe merkers naaste aan Lr 19 om te skakel na 'n volgorde-spesifieke merker. 'n AFLP merker wat distaal van Lr 19 karteer is egter wel suksesvol in samewerking met ander navorsers omgeskakel na 'n volgordespesifieke merker. 'n Paging is ook aangewend om die Russiese koringluis (RKL) weerstandsgeen, Dn5, te karteer en merkers gekoppel aan die geen te identifiseer. 'n Verdubbelde-haplo!ede karteringspopulasie van 94 lyne is geskep en getipeer vir Dn5, vier mikrosatelliet loki en die endopeptidase lokus, Ep-D1. Die Dn5 lokus karteer 25.4 cM en 28.6 cM distaal van Xgwml11 en Xgwm437, respektiewelik, maar was me gekoppel met Xgwm428, Xgwm37 of Ep-D1 me. Twaalf homosigoties weerstandbiedende en sewe homosigoties vatbare F2 lyne uit die kruising: 'Chinese Spring' I 'PI 294994' is met 70 Sse8387VMsel AFLP inleier kombinasies getoets in 'n poging om merkers vir Dn5 te identifiseer. Slegs twee moontlik bruikbare polimorfismes (een in koppelings- en een in repulsie fase ), is ge'identifiseer. Omskakeling van die koppelingsfase merker na 'n volgorde-spesifieke merker was onsuksesvol. Die oogvlek weerstandsgeen, Pch1, is uit Triticum ventricosum oorgedra en kom voor in die koringlyn, VPM-1. Noue koppeling van Pch1 en die endopeptidase alleel, Ep-D1 b, is vantevore gerapporteer. Merkers is vir P chl I Ep-D 1 gevind deur tien koring genoti pes ( elkeen homosigoties vir die bevestigde teenwoordigheid of afwesigheid van Pch1 en/of Ep-D1 b) te toets met 36 Sse83871/kfsel AFLP inleier kombinasies. Drie AFLP merkers is gevind wat nou koppel met Pchl!Ep-D1 , waarvan een gekies is vir omskakeling na 'n volgorde-spesifieke merker. Die volgorde-spesifieke merker het 'n mikrosatelliet kernmotief bevat en was nuttig as merker vir Pch1/Ep-D1. 'n Genetiese afstand van 2 cM is tussen die unieke mikrosatelliet merker en Ep-D1 bereken. Die mikrosatelliet merker was ook polimorfies vir die Lr 19 translokasie en dit is tussen die Wsp-D1 en Sr25 loki gekarteer. Kartering en/of identifikasie van merkers vir drie belangrike weerstandsgene was suksesvol in hierdie studie. Omdat al die merkers wat gebruik is, nie polimorf was tussen al die streke van belang nie, was dit nie moontlik om die data vir elk van die drie streke ten volle te integreer nie.
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Santosa, Ailiana. "Where are the world’s disease patterns heading? : The challenges of epidemiological transition." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103281.
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INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological transition theory, first postulated by Omran in 1971, provides a useful framework for understanding cause-specific mortality changes and may contribute usefully to predictions about cause-specific mortality. However, understandings of mortality transitions and associated epidemiological changes remain poorly defined for public health practitioners due to lack of evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, understanding of the concept and development of epidemiological transition theory as well as population burden of premature mortality attributable to risk factors is needed. OBJECTIVES: This thesis aims to understand how epidemiological transition theory has been applied in different contexts, using available evidence on mortality transitions from high, middle- and low- income countries, as well as the contribution of risk factors to mortality transitions, particularly for premature mortality. METHODS: A Medline literature search from 1971 to 2013 was conducted to synthesise published evidence on mortality transition (paper I). A descriptive analysis of trends in cause of death using INDEPTH data was conducted, focusing on specific causes of death in 12 INDEPTH sites in Africa and Asia, using the INDEPTH 2013 standard population structure for appropriate comparisons across sites (paper II). A retrospective dynamic cohort database was constructed from Swedish population registers for the age range 30-69 years during 1991-2006, to measure reductions in premature non-communicable disease mortality using a life table method (paper III). Prospective cohort data from Västerbotten Intervention Programme from 1990 to 2006 were used to measure the magnitude of premature non-communicable disease mortality reductions associated with risk factor changes for each period of time (paper IV). FINDINGS: There were changes in emphasis in research on epidemiological transition over the four decades from 1971 to 2013, from cause of death to wide-ranging aspects of the determinants of mortality with increasing research interests in low-and middle-income countries, with some unconsidered aspects of social determinants contributing to deviations from classic theoretical pathways. Mortality rates declined in most sites, with the annual reductions in premature adult mortality varied across INDEPTH sites, Sweden, which now is at late stage of epidemiological transition stage, achieved a 25% reduction in premature mortality during 1991-2006. Overall downward trends in risk factors have helped to reduce premature mortality in the population of Västerbotten County, but some benefits were offset by other increasing risks. The largest mortality changes accrued from reductions in smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. CONCLUSIONS: This thesis established patterns of current epidemiological transition in high, middle-and low-income countries (Asia and Africa), where the theory fits the transition patterns in some countries, but with some needs for further adjustments in other settings, as well as deviations from the classical ET theory in the last four decades. It highlights the need to identify the burden of mortality and morbidity, particularly for reducing mortality occurring before the age of 70 years and its attribution to risk factors, which are a major public health challenge. This informs shifting of public health priorities and resources towards prevention and control of chronic non-communicable disease risk factors.
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O'Neill, Amy E. "Pathophysiology and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5310/.
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Disparities exist in the U.S. between the health status of African American and Hispanic individuals and the health status of non-Hispanic Caucasian individuals across all age groups. Those minority individuals age 55 and over are more likely to suffer from specific health disparities in areas such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer than their white majority counterparts. Among the most common chronic disorders experienced within this age group are obesity, type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease, all three of which collectively form what has recently become known as metabolic syndrome. As of 2004, metabolic syndrome is diagnosable once criteria are clinically significant for a variety of different risk factors designated by the World Health Organization. However, like many syndromes these criteria are not stable across individuals, and leaves variability between individuals being diagnosed. It has been seen that each of the above mentioned racial/ethnic groups experience the individual risk factors at disproportionate rates, making it plausible that metabolic syndrome could be experienced in distinctly different ways depending upon racial/ethnic background. Using two nationally representative data sets, it is first largely evident that African American and Hispanic individuals are reaching higher peak rates of diabetes and cardiovascular disease much earlier in age than are non-Hispanic Caucasian individuals. The study goes on to reveals that the metabolic syndrome appears to follow one underlying progressive syndrome that begins with obesity and progresses towards heart disease. Each of the racial/ethnic groups experience significantly different progressions of the syndrome across time. Behavioral analysis found significant differences in health behaviors across the three groups; however a more pervasive lack of initiative in practicing preventive health behaviors is also present. The study achieved a higher understanding of individual differences within metabolic syndrome and insight into how and at what time in the lifespan health services can be most beneficial in providing preventive services to culturally diverse populations.
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Allen, Annette Marie. "AIDS and Aging: Are the Eldery Becoming the New At-Risk Population?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278037/.
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This dissertation breaks new ground. It examines the perceptions of older adults towards AIDS prevention. Using the National Health Interview Survey, 1988: AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Supplement, a modified Health Belief Model is developed. Despite the low number of older adults 55+ with AIDS, some extenuating circumstances increase their risk of AIDS contraction. Older adults have lower levels of knowledge about AIDS, weaker immune systems and receive more blood transfusions. Societal influences include educational neglect at the hands of physicians, healthcare workers and social service personnel. The first stage of the dissertation involved establishing older adults as an at-risk population through an extensive literature review. Next, the data was described utilizing frequencies, correlations and factor analysis. Frequencies clearly indicated that older adults in the data set had low levels of AIDS knowledge and did not view themselves at risk for AIDS contraction. Correlations between the variables were minimal. A modified Health Belief Model was developed and tested. Multiple regression determined that minimal variation in the two dependent variables, "Perceived Effectiveness of Effective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" and "Perceived Effectiveness of Ineffective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" was accounted for by the independent variables. Although F ratios allowed rejection of the two null hypotheses, beta weights were low. Adjusted R^2's accounted for only 21% and 16% respectively of the variation in the dependent variables. Finally, discrepancies in the model were determined and recommendations made for further research. Most health belief models concentrate on individual social-psychological variables. Due to AIDS' societal consequences, it is proposed that societal providers of education: physicians, social service workers and healthcare personnel need to be included in the model. Recommendations were made for additional research into sexual behavior of older adults and exploration of available training of physicians, healthcare and social service professionals. Finally, recommendations were made to provide training and education for both professionals as well as the elderly to prevent their growth into an at-risk population.
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Boyd, Timothy David. "The Novel Use of Recombinant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) to Reverse Cerebral Amyloidosis and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models: Insights from the Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis as a Negative Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3571.
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For many years, it has been known that Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a negative risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been commonly assumed that RA patients’ usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have helped prevent the onset and progression of AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, experiments in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease have looked to inhibit inflammation, and have demonstrated some efficacy against AD-like pathology in these models. Thus many NSAID clinical trials have been performed over the years, but all have proven unsuccessful in AD patients. This suggests that intrinsic factors within RA pathogenesis itself may underlie RA’s protective effect.
My dissertation research goal was to investigate this inverse relationship between RA and AD, in order to more precisely pinpoint critical events in AD pathogenesis toward developing therapeutic strategies against AD. It seemed improbable that any secreted factors, produced in RA pathogenesis, could maintain high enough concentrations in the circulatory system to cross the blood brain barrier and inhibit AD pathogenesis, without affecting all other organ systems. It did seem possible that the leukocyte populations induced in RA, could traverse the circulatory system, extravasate into the brain parenchyma, and impede or reverse AD pathogenesis. We thus investigated the colony-stimulating factors, which are up-regulated in RA and which induce most of RA’s leukocytosis, on the pathology and behavior of transgenic AD mice. We found that G-CSF and more significantly, GM-CSF, reduced amyloidosis throughout the treated brain hemisphere one week following bolus intrahippocampal administration into AD mice. We then found that 20 days of subcutaneous injections of GM-CSF (the most amyloid-reducing CSF in the bolus experiment) significantly reduced brain amyloidosis and completely reversed cognitive impairment in aged cognitively-impaired AD mice, while increasing hippocampal synaptic area and microglial density. These findings, along with two decades of accrued safety data using Leukine, the recombinant human GM-CSF analogue, in elderly leukopenic patients, suggested that Leukine should be tested as a treatment to reverse cerebral amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in AD patients. It was also implied that age-related depressed hematopoiesis may contribute to AD pathogenesis.
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Green, Stephanie Lauren. "DNA alkylation repair deficient mice are susceptible to chemically induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34157.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-93).
The two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), which affect more than 1 million Americans. Recently the incidence of IBD has been rising in Japan, Europe and North America.' Colorectal cancer is a very serious complication of IBD, and a patient's risk increases with increasing extent and duration of disease.2 There is no cure for CD, and the only cure for UC is removal of the entire colon and rectum. It is thought that cancer risk is based on chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. There have been many studies, which have supported this idea and have made progress toward understanding the link between chronic inflammation and cancer. In both UC and CD, it is known that there are increased levels of EA, cG, and eC, which are potentially miscoding lesions, in the DNA of affected tissues.3 Also, 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag in mice), an initiator of the Base Excision Repair pathway, shows adaptively increasing activity in response to increased inflammation in UC colon epithelium.4 This thesis demonstrates the importance of Aag in protecting against the effects of chronic inflammation.
(cont.) It was found that Aag deficient mice, treated with 5 cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce chronic inflammation, showed significant signs of increased disease including decreased colon length, increased spleen weight, and increase in epithelial defects. Also, when treated with a tumor initiator, azoxymethane, prior to DSS exposure, Aag deficient mice show a 2.95 fold (p<0.0001) increase in tumor multiplicity compared to wild type treated animals, as well as decreased colon length, increased spleen weight, increased dysplasia/neoplasia, and increased area affected by dysplasia/neoplasia. If UC patients had a deficiency in 3-methyladenine-DNA-glycosylase activity, they would likely be more susceptible to mutations and cancer because of their inability to repair DNA damage caused by inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In future studies, it would be beneficial to determine if transgenic Aag over-expresser mice show protection against the damage induced by chronic inflammation. This would make intestinal gene therapy a possible approach to finding the first cure for IBD and inflammation associated colorectal cancer.
by Stephanie Lauren Green.
S.M.
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Nobecourt-Dupuy, Estelle. "HDL particles are dysfunctional in diabetes, which can participate to accelerated cardiovascular disease." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066482.
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Mooney, Peter D. "Are current clinical, serological, endoscopic and histological methods to diagnose coeliac disease adequate?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9709/.
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Are current clinical, serological, endoscopic and histological methods to diagnose coeliac disease adequate? Background: Coeliac disease is a common condition caused by a heightened immunological response to dietary gluten. Coeliac disease is now recognised to affect up to 1 % of western populations and is increasingly being recognised in global populations. However for every patient diagnosed with coeliac disease 3 to 7 remain undiagnosed. Undiagnosed coeliac disease can have potentially serious consequences including anaemia, osteoporosis and malignancy. Patients may also have unnecessary investigations and treatment for symptoms that may be effectively treated with a gluten free diet. The aim of this thesis was to identify methods by which the diagnosis of coeliac disease could be improved leading to fewer missed diagnoses. Methods: To ascertain the importance of presenting characteristics to secondary care a prospective case finding study was undertaken. Patients were prospectively recruited from outpatient clinics from 4 UK hospitals and were invited to undergo serological testing for coeliac disease. Thereafter 3 commercially available point of care tests (Biocard, Coeliac Quick Test, and Simtomax) were evaluated in endoscopy and compared to the gold standard of villous atrophy on duodenal biopsy. Furthermore to evaluate the endoscopic and histological methods of diagnosing coeliac disease biopsy practices were assessed in a retrospective study of 4 UK hospitals. The diagnostic role of an additional duodenal bulb biopsy was then determined in a prospective study of patients attending for upper GI endoscopy who underwent routine duodenal biopsy. Results: 4089 patients were recruited to the case finding study across 4 sites. Multivariate analysis of patients referred to secondary care showed family history of coeliac disease (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.26 p<0.0001), anaemia (AOR 1.03 p<0.0001) and osteoporosis (AOR 1.1 p0.006) were independent risk factors for a diagnosis of coeliac disease. Evaluation of the Biocard point of care test in 523 patients (63.5% female, mean age 49.7) with no prior diagnosis of coeliac disease revealed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 70.1%, 96.6%, 85.4%, and 91.8% respectively. This compared poorly with standard serology. However in a head to head comparison of 3 available point of care tests, Simtomax performed the best with the highest sensitivity (96.6%) for predicting villous atrophy. During a 3 month period across 4 hospital sites 1423 patients underwent duodenal biopsy for possible coeliac disease. Guidelines to take at least 4 biopsies were only met in 40% of patients. Coeliac disease was more likely to be diagnosed if guidelines were followed (10.1% versus 4.6%, P<0.0001). 1378 patients underwent routine duodenal biopsy with 268 (19.4%) new coeliac disease cases. 9.7% of coeliac disease patients had villous atrophy confined to duodenal bulb (D1) (Ultra-Short Coeliac Disease (USCD))(P<0.0001). In 171 (mean age 46.5, 64% female) patients quadrantic D1 biopsies were taken. A single additional D1 biopsy from any site increased sensitivity by 9.3-10.8% (P<0.0001). The 26 patients with USCD were compared to conventional coeliac disease and controls. Patients with USCD were younger (p=0.03), with lower tissue-transglutaminase antibody (tTG) titres (p=0.001) and were less likely to present with diarrhoea (P=0.001). The prevalence of ferritin deficiency (P=0.007) and folate deficiency (P=0.003) was higher in conventional coeliac disease than those with USCD and controls. Conclusions: I have demonstrated that case finding with serological testing of all patients attending gastroenterology services increased the detection rates for coeliac disease. Furthermore adherence to biopsy guidelines and taking an additional duodenal bulb biopsy also led to increased diagnostic rates in the endoscopic setting. A point of care test for coeliac disease used in endoscopy could be used to direct duodenal biopsy however my results would not support the use of the Biocard test in this role but Simtomax appears to be promising as a potential candidate. I believe that this body of work has significantly contributed to the field of coeliac diagnosis and has resulted in significant changes to clinical practice.
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Hurford, Christianna Elrene Thomas. "“In His Arm the Scar”: Medicine, Race, and the Social Implications of the 1721 Inoculation Controversy on Boston." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281568979.
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Baylor, Krissa A. "The Effects of Spouse Presence During Graded Exercise Testing on Psychological and Physiological Parameters in Cardiac Patients and Healthy Adults." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330947/.
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The direct effect of spouse presence during graded exercise testing on anxiety and performance has not been previously delineated. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (a) ascertain if spouse presence during graded exercise testing affects state anxiety or physiological performance variables, and (b) determine differences in psychological status between cardiac patients and healthy adults.
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Woodson, Thomas S. "Emerging technology for the poor: how nanomedicine and public private partnerships are used to address diseases of poverty." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52278.
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Decreasing the number of people that die from preventable illnesses and reducing poverty and inequality are major public goods that are being addressed from a variety of angles. One way that policy makers and scholars are trying to improve global health is by developing new health technologies that will decrease poverty and inequality. This dissertation investigates whether nanotechnologies for medical applications (nanomedicine) are used to address diseases of poverty (DoP) and the role that public partnerships (PPP) play in nanomedicine research. If scientists are developing nanotechnology based vaccines and medicines for DoP, then I can conclude that the technology is helping to decrease poverty and inequality.
There are two parts to my analysis. The first part of my dissertation analyses the landscape of nanomedicine DoP research and then I test how USA medicine sales, disease burden and diseases of poverty correlate with number of nanomedicine publications and patents. I find that there is some nanomedicine research on diseases of poverty, especially for high profile DoP like malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, but overall there is less R&D on DoPs than non-DoPs. However, I cannot determine if USA medicine sales and disease burden have any relationship to research output.
In the second part of my dissertation I examine the role of formal public-private partnerships (PPPs) for developing DoP medicines. Many think the formal health PPPs can overcome the various market failures associated with developing medicines for DoP. I analyze PPP websites and interview PPP managers/scientists about their research portfolios, relationship with nanotechnology, and how PPPs are addressing inequality in health R&D. I find that managers/scientists at PPPs have a variety of opinions about nanotechnology, but the general consensus is that nanotechnology will not be used in the near-term for DoP medicines. PPP managers/scientists believe that the technology is too expensive for DoP medicines and it will take too long to approve nanomedicines. Instead of using nanotechnology most PPPs are in favor of using traditional technologies.
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Blackett, Helen. "What are the prevalence, nature, and associated features of urinary symptons in Parkinson's disease?" Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512169.
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Tahseen, Yahia Keelani Ahlam. "Genes involved in inflammation are within celiac disease risk loci show differential mRNA expression." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16292.
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Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease, caused by the consumption of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Celiac patients develop many clinical features include; weight loss, diarrhea, and Intestinal damage, and if left untreated, CD patient may face an increased risk of malignancies. Materials and methods403 patient were admitted to the study. These patients were divided into three groups; celiac cases, controls, and latent celiac cases. Gene expression analysis was performed for intestinal biopsies and blood samples (leukocytes) using a quantitative PCR technique. The second section of the study was studying the effect of PRODH enzyme on Drosophila Melanogaster intestines. To achieve that PRODH enzyme and different amino acids were added to the fly food. One way ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were applied to find out the significant genes. ResultsMost of the differentially expressed genes in celiac disease are involved in the inflammatory response. However, many genes have significantly altered expression in the latent celiac group but not altered significantly in CD group. These genes are CXCL1, IL15RA, IL2RB, MAPK11, and TGM2. They are involved in the TNF signaling pathway and in inflammatory cytokines. It was noticed that in celiac disease there is a significant alteration in PRODH expression in the intestines, and the addition of PRODH enzyme to glutamine has a similar effect on the intestinal gene expression as gluten does. ConclusionWe can conclude that Non-HLA genes are important in activating the immune system, increasing proline level, and developing the clinical features of celiac disease. Secondly, Proline metabolism has an important role in tumor suppression and in augmenting tumor growth, which makes it an important therapeutic target in tumor therapy.
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Lough, Graham. "Should we aim for genetic improvement of host resistance or tolerance to infectious disease?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29510.
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A host can adopt two strategies when facing infection: resistance, where host immune responses prevent or reduce pathogen replication; or tolerance, which refers to all mechanisms that reduce the impact of the infection on host health or performance. Both strategies may be under host genetic control, and could thus be targeted for genetic improvement. Although there is ample evidence of genetic variation in resistance to infection, there is limited evidence to suggest that individuals also differ genetically in tolerance. Furthermore, although resistance and tolerance are typically considered as alternative host defense mechanisms, relatively little is known about the genetic relationship between them and how they change together over time and jointly determine infection outcome. In this thesis, two datasets from experimental challenge infection experiments were considered for investigating tolerance genetics: Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), an endemic viral disease which causes loss of growth and mortality in growing pigs; and Listeria monoctyogenes (Lm), a bacterium which causes food-borne infections in mammals. The two datasets differed substantially in size and genetic structure; the PRRS dataset consists of thousands of records from outbred commercial pig populations, whereas the Listeria dataset comprises much fewer records from genetically diverse highly inbred strains of a mice as a model species. The aims of this thesis were to: 1) Identify if genetic variation in host tolerance to infection exists, with case studies in PRRS and listeria, using conventional reaction-norm methodology; 2) Identify if host tolerance, along with resistance, changes longitudinally as infection progresses; 3) Identify whether the WUR genotype is associated with tolerance slope; 4) Analyse the dynamic relationship between host performance and pathogen load over the time-course of infection by examining the relationship at different stages of infection using GWAS; 5) Develop novel trajectory methodology to offer insight into health-infection dynamics, and identify whether there is genetic variation in trajectories; 6) Develop novel trajectory-derived phenotypes that analyse changes in host performance with respect to changes in pathogen load, as an alternative to tolerance, and identify whether genetic variation exists. This study found that conventional reaction-norm methodology is limited to capture genetic variation in tolerance in outbred populations without measures of performance in the absence of infection. However, by utilising repeated longitudinal data on the same dataset, stages of infection (early, mid and late) were defined for each individual, based on host pathogen load. Using these stages of infection, genetic variation in tolerance was identified over all stages of infection and at mid to late stage of infection. Genetic correlation between resistance and tolerance was strong and positive over all stages of infection, and evidence suggested that resistance and tolerance may be under pleiotropic control. Furthermore, this research found that genetic correlations between resistance and growth changed considerably over time, and that individuals who expressed high genetic resistance early in infection tended to grow slower during that time-period, but were more likely to clear the virus by late stage, and thus recover in growth. However, at mid-late stage of infection, those with high virus load also had high growth, indicating potential epidemiological problems with genetic selection of host resilience to infection. Furthermore, genome wide association studies for pathogen load and growth associated with different stages of infection did not identify novel genetic loci associated with these traits than those previously reported for the whole infection period. By adopting conventional methodology, this study found genetic variation in tolerance of genetically diverse mouse strains to Lm and pigs to PRRS, despite statistical problems. The relationship between resistance and tolerance indicated that both traits should be considered in genetic selection programs. By adopting novel trajectory analysis, this study demonstrated that level of expression of resistance and tolerance changed throughout the experimental infection period and, furthermore, that expression of resistance, followed by tolerance, determined survival of infection. Survivors and non-survivors followed different infection trajectories, which were partially determined by genetics. By deriving novel phenotypes from trajectories that explained changes in growth in relation to change in pathogen load at specific time points, and applying these to the PRRS data, this study did not identify genetic variation in these phenotypes. The genetic signal in these phenotypes may have been masked by the fact that individuals were likely at different stages of infection. In summary, this study has shown that genetic improvement of tolerance, in addition to resistance may be desirable, but could be difficult to achieve in practice due to shortcomings in obtaining accurate and unbiased tolerance estimates based on conventional reaction-norms. Infection trajectories have proven to be a promising tool for achieving an optimally timed balance between resistance and tolerance, but further work is needed to incorporate them in genetic improvement programs.
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Nelson, Charles. "Autonomic Balance and Control of Stress for Participants Identified as High or Low Hostile and as Having a Positive or No Family History of Cardiovascular Disease." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4301/.
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The influence of autonomic activation in response to controllable versus noncontrollable stress, anger imagery induction, and relaxation imagery was studied among 80 participants between the ages of 18 and 34. Participants differed in level of trait hostility as assessed by the Irritability Subscale of The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (Buss & Durkee,1957) and the Ho scale of the Cook-Medley Hostility Inventory (Cook & Medley, 1954). Groups were further subdivided with regards to either having a positive family history of cardiovascular disease or having no significant history. Results were obtained through analyses of electrocardiograph R-R intervals which produced an index of autonomic nervous system activation. Findings supported hypotheses involving the relations between autonomic balance and stress and hostility for the female and male populations. Among both populations, parasympathetic regulation was diminished during anger induction for individuals with high levels of trait hostility and having a family history of cardiovascular disease. Similar results were obtained for men during relaxation imagery induction.